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The Celtic Encyclopedia, Volume II
7+( &(/7,& (1&<&/23(',$ 92/80( ,, . T H E C E L T I C E N C Y C L O P E D I A © HARRY MOUNTAIN VOLUME II UPUBLISH.COM 1998 Parkland, Florida, USA The Celtic Encyclopedia © 1997 Harry Mountain Individuals are encouraged to use the information in this book for discussion and scholarly research. The contents may be stored electronically or in hardcopy. However, the contents of this book may not be republished or redistributed in any form or format without the prior written permission of Harry Mountain. This is version 1.0 (1998) It is advisable to keep proof of purchase for future use. Harry Mountain can be reached via e-mail: [email protected] postal: Harry Mountain Apartado 2021, 3810 Aveiro, PORTUGAL Internet: http://www.CeltSite.com UPUBLISH.COM 1998 UPUBLISH.COM is a division of Dissertation.com ISBN: 1-58112-889-4 (set) ISBN: 1-58112-890-8 (vol. I) ISBN: 1-58112-891-6 (vol. II) ISBN: 1-58112-892-4 (vol. III) ISBN: 1-58112-893-2 (vol. IV) ISBN: 1-58112-894-0 (vol. V) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mountain, Harry, 1947– The Celtic encyclopedia / Harry Mountain. – Version 1.0 p. 1392 cm. Includes bibliographical references ISBN 1-58112-889-4 (set). -– ISBN 1-58112-890-8 (v. 1). -- ISBN 1-58112-891-6 (v. 2). –- ISBN 1-58112-892-4 (v. 3). –- ISBN 1-58112-893-2 (v. 4). –- ISBN 1-58112-894-0 (v. 5). Celts—Encyclopedias. I. Title. D70.M67 1998-06-28 909’.04916—dc21 98-20788 CIP The Celtic Encyclopedia is dedicated to Rosemary who made all things possible . -
Irish Children's Literature and the Poetics of Memory, 1892-2016
Irish Children’s Literature and the Poetics of Memory, 1892-2016 A Thesis submitted to the School of English at the University of Dublin, Trinity College, for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. February 2019 Rebecca Ann Long I declare that this thesis has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or any other university and it is entirely my own work. I agree to deposit this thesis in the University’s open access institutional repository or allow the Library to do so on my behalf, subject to Irish Copyright Legislation and Trinity College Library conditions of use and acknowledgement. _________________________________ Rebecca Long February 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………..i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………....iii INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………....4 CHAPTER ONE: RETRIEVING……………………………………………………………………………29 CHAPTER TWO: RE- TELLING……………………………………………………………………………...…64 CHAPTER THREE: REMEMBERING……………………………………………………………………....106 CHAPTER FOUR: RE- IMAGINING………………………………………………………………………........158 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………..……..210 WORKS CITED………………………….…………………………………………………….....226 Summary This thesis explores the recurring patterns of Irish mythological narratives that influence literature produced for children in Ireland following the Celtic Revival and into the twenty- first century. A selection of children’s books published between 1892 and 2016 are discussed with the aim of demonstrating the development of a pattern of retrieving, re-telling, remembering and re-imagining myths -
Visit Louth Brochure
About County Louth • 1 hour commute from Dublin or Belfast; • Heritage county, steeped in history with outstanding archaeological features; • Internationally important and protected coastline with an unspoiled natural environment; • Blue flag beaches with picturesque coastal villages at Visit Louth Baltray, Annagassan, Clogherhead and Blackrock; • Foodie destination with award winning local produce, Land of Legends delicious fresh seafood, and an artisan food and drinks culture. and Full of Life • ‘sea louth’ scenic seafood trail captures what’s best about Co. Louth’s coastline; the stunning scenery and of course the finest seafood. Whether you visit the piers and see where the daily catch is landed, eat the freshest seafood in one of our restaurants or coastal food festivals, or admire the stunning lough views on the greenway, there is much to see, eat & admire on your trip to Co. Louth • Vibrant towns of Dundalk, Drogheda, Carlingford and Ardee with nationally-acclaimed arts, crafts, culture and festivals, museums and galleries, historic houses and gardens; • Easy access to adventure tourism, walking and cycling, equestrian and water activities, golf and angling; • Welcoming hospitable communities, proud of what Louth has to offer! Carlingford Tourist Office Old Railway Station, Carlingford Tel: +353 (0)42 9419692 [email protected] | [email protected] Drogheda Tourist Office The Tholsel, West St., Drogheda Tel: +353 (0)41 9872843 [email protected] Dundalk Tourist Office Market Square, Dundalk Tel: +353 (0)42 9352111 [email protected] Louth County Council, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland Email: [email protected] Tel: +353 (0)42 9335457 Web: www.visitlouth.ie @VisitLouthIE @LouthTourism OLD MELLIFONT ABBEY Tullyallen, Drogheda, Co. -
The Tara/Skryne Valley and the M3 Motorway; Development Vs. Heritage
L . o . 4 .0 «? ■ U i H NUI MAYNOOTH Qll*c«il n> h£jf**nn Ml Nuad The Tara/Skryne Valley and the M3 Motorway; Development vs. Heritage. Edel Reynolds 2005 Supervisor: Dr. Ronan Foley Head of Department: Professor James Walsh Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the M.A. (Geographical Analysis), Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, Maynooth. Abstract This thesis is about the conflict concerning the building of the MB motorway in an archaeologically sensitive area close to the Hill of Tara in Co. Meath. The main aim of this thesis was to examine the conflict between development and heritage in relation to the Tara/Skryne Valley; therefore the focus has been to investigate the planning process. It has been found that both the planning process and the Environmental Impact Assessment system in Ireland is inadequate. Another aspect of the conflict that was explored was the issue of insiders and outsiders. Through the examination of both quantitative and qualitative data, the conclusion has been reached that the majority of insiders, people from the Tara area, do in fact want the M3 to be built. This is contrary to the idea that was portrayed by the media that most people were opposed to the construction of the motorway. Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Ronan Foley, for all of his help and guidance over the last few months. Thanks to my parents, Helen and Liam and sisters, Anne and Nora for all of their encouragement over the last few months and particularly the last few days! I would especially like to thank my mother for driving me to Cavan on her precious day off, and for calming me down when I got stressed! Thanks to Yvonne for giving me the grand tour of Cavan, and for helping me carry out surveys there. -
Aengus Mac Og and Aine
An offering is made for the Outdwellers and is laid beyond the perimeter of the ritual space prior to claiming and hallowing. Claiming and Hallowing Beltaine Solitary Ritual Outdwellers Dark Dwellers beyond the fire’s light. Bringers of primal chaos; those who will never know peace. You who harmonize not with our songs & praise; Those who’s whispers are but cries and screams. You may have held this place in the past. You may hold this place in the future. But for now, take what has been laid beyond the fire’s light And trouble me not this night! Spirits of the Land From this crossroads between Earth and Sky Among those that dwell in this plane, I call out to the spirits of this land. To you, who whisper and watch, as I have erected my Nemeton before you. This night I call to you spirits of this land and ask for the use of this place for my worship. Deities of past and present peoples; Guardians and protectors of this ground; May 2005 Those of you in tune with my purpose; I invite you to share in my celebration. An offering is made to the Spirits of the Land. 2 Spirits of this land, accept my offering! At the Bile, saying: 3 X 3 the bell tolls or drum beats, saying: May these words be heard: As a child of the Earth Mother and Sky Father, In the forest, glen and glade I come before my hearth to be one with the Kindred. By fur, fin and feather That I may worship according to the ways of old. -
Inishowen Heritage Trail
HERITAGE TRAIL EXPLORE INISHOWEN Inishowen is exceptional in terms of the outstanding beauty of its geography and in the way that the traces of its history survive to this day, conveying an evocative picture of a vibrant past. We invite you to take this fascinating historical tour of Inishowen which will lead you on a journey through its historical past. Immerse yourself in fascinating cultural and heritage sites some of which date back to early settlements, including ancient forts, castle’s, stone circles and high crosses to name but a few. Make this trail your starting point as you begin your exploration of the rich historical tapestry of the Inishowen peninsula. However, there are still hundreds of additional heritage sites left for you to discover. For further reading and background information: Ancient Monuments of Inishowen, North Donegal; Séan Beattie. Inishowen, A Journey Through Its Past Revisited; Neil Mc Grory. www.inishowenheritage.ie www.curiousireland. ie Images supplied by: Adam Porter, Liam Rainey, Denise Henry, Brendan Diver, Ronan O’Doherty, Mark Willett, Donal Kearney. Please note that some of the monuments listed are on private land, fortunately the majority of land owners do not object to visitors. However please respect their property and follow the Country Code. For queries contact Explore Inishowen, Inishowen Tourist Office +353 (0)74 93 63451 / Email: [email protected] As you explore Inishowen’s spectacular Heritage Trail, you’ll discover one of Ireland’s most beautiful scenic regions. Take in the stunning coastline; try your hand at an exhilarating outdoor pursuit such as horse riding, kayaking or surfing. -
The Celtic Encyclopedia, Volume IV
7+( &(/7,& (1&<&/23(',$ 92/80( ,9 . T H E C E L T I C E N C Y C L O P E D I A © HARRY MOUNTAIN VOLUME IV UPUBLISH.COM 1998 Parkland, Florida, USA The Celtic Encyclopedia © 1997 Harry Mountain Individuals are encouraged to use the information in this book for discussion and scholarly research. The contents may be stored electronically or in hardcopy. However, the contents of this book may not be republished or redistributed in any form or format without the prior written permission of Harry Mountain. This is version 1.0 (1998) It is advisable to keep proof of purchase for future use. Harry Mountain can be reached via e-mail: [email protected] postal: Harry Mountain Apartado 2021, 3810 Aveiro, PORTUGAL Internet: http://www.CeltSite.com UPUBLISH.COM 1998 UPUBLISH.COM is a division of Dissertation.com ISBN: 1-58112-889-4 (set) ISBN: 1-58112-890-8 (vol. I) ISBN: 1-58112-891-6 (vol. II) ISBN: 1-58112-892-4 (vol. III) ISBN: 1-58112-893-2 (vol. IV) ISBN: 1-58112-894-0 (vol. V) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mountain, Harry, 1947– The Celtic encyclopedia / Harry Mountain. – Version 1.0 p. 1392 cm. Includes bibliographical references ISBN 1-58112-889-4 (set). -– ISBN 1-58112-890-8 (v. 1). -- ISBN 1-58112-891-6 (v. 2). –- ISBN 1-58112-892-4 (v. 3). –- ISBN 1-58112-893-2 (v. 4). –- ISBN 1-58112-894-0 (v. 5). Celts—Encyclopedias. I. Title. D70.M67 1998-06-28 909’.04916—dc21 98-20788 CIP The Celtic Encyclopedia is dedicated to Rosemary who made all things possible . -
The Heroic Biography of Cu Chulainn
THE HEROIC BIOGRAPHY OF CU CHULAINN. By Lisa Gibney B.A. NUl MAYNOOTH Ollicoil ni ft£ir«ann Mi ftuid FOR M.A IN MEDIEVAL IRISH HISTORY AND SOURCES, NUI MAYNOOTH, THE DEPARTMENT OF MEDIEVAL IRISH STUDIES, JULY 2004. DEPARTMENT HEAD: MCCONE, K SUPERVISOR: NI BHROLCHAIN,M 60094838 THE HEROIC BIOGRAPHY OF CU CHULAINN. By Lisa Gibney B.A. SPECIAL THANKS TO: Ann Gibney, Claire King, Mary Lenanne, Roisin Morley, Muireann Ni Bhrolchain, Mary Coolen and her team at the Drumcondra Physiotherapy Clinic. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2 2. Heroic Biography 8 3. Conception and Birth: Compert Con Culainn 18 4. Youth and Life Endangered: Macgnimrada 23 Con Culainn 5. Acquires a wife: Tochmarc Emere 32 6. Visit to Otherworld, Exile and Return: 35 Tochmarc Emere and Serglige Con Culainn 7. Death and Invulnerability: Brislech Mor Maige 42 Muirthemne 8. Conclusion 46 9. Bibliogrpahy 47 i INTRODUCTION Early Irish literature is romantic, idealised, stylised and gruesome. It shows a tension between reality and fantasy ’which seem to me to be usually an irresolvable dichotomy. The stories set themselves in pre-history. It presents these texts as a “window on the iron age”2. The writers may have been Christians distancing themselves from past heathen ways. This backward glance maybe taken from the literature tradition in Latin transferred from the continent and read by Irish scholars. Where the authors “undertake to inform the audience concerning the pagan past, characterizing it as remote, alien and deluded”3 or were they diligent scholars trying to preserve the past. This question is still debateable. The stories manage to be set in both the past and the present, both historical Ireland with astonishingly accuracy and the mythical otherworld. -
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SCULPTURED STONES Of SCOTLAND AND IRELAND. 306 VIII. ON SOME POINTS OF RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN THE ART OF THE EARLY SCULPTURED STONES OF SCOTLAND AND OF IRELAND. BY J. ROMILLY ALLEN, F.S.A.SooT. s beeha n t I assume somy b d e antiquaries thae peculiath t r stylf eo art we are accustomed to call Celtic, for want of a more precisely descriptiv es origi it term d n Irelandi n ha , d spreaan , d thenc otheo et r parts of Great Britain, and even to the continent of Europe. No doubt it is true that Celtic art attained its highwater-mark of excellence in the Irish MSS. of the best period, such as the Books of Kells, e wortb Armagh y h d ma whilDurrow t an i , et inquirinbu , o what g t extent the scribes who illuminated these beautiful codices were in- debted to foreign sources for the ideas they elaborated with such unrivalled ingenuity d alsan o; whethe e similaritieth r s which exist betwee e Christiath n n monument e lltth s hdatino t h g8t froe mth centurie n varioui s s part f Scotlando s , Ireland, England d Walesan , , may not be accounted for by development along parallel lines, rather than by copying one from the other. To the Fellows of this Society the most interesting part of the investigation will be the tracing of any points of resemblance it may possible b o detect e t betwee e earlnth y sculptured stone f Scotlano s d and those of Ireland. -
Nostalgia and the Irish Fairy Landscape
The land of heart’s desire: Nostalgia and the Irish fairy landscape Hannah Claire Irwin BA (Media and Cultural Studies), B. Media (Hons 1) Macquarie University This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Media and Cultural Studies. Faculty of Arts, Department of Media, Music, Communication and Cultural Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney August 2017 2 Table of Contents Figures Index 6 Abstract 7 Author Declaration 8 Acknowledgments 9 Introduction: Out of this dull world 1.1 Introduction 11 1.2 The research problem and current research 12 1.3 The current field 13 1.4 Objective and methodology 14 1.5 Defining major terms 15 1.6 Structure of research 17 Chapter One - Literature Review: Hungry thirsty roots 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Early collections (pre-1880) 21 2.3 The Irish Literary Revival (1880-1920) 24 2.4 Movement from ethnography to analysis (1920-1990) 31 2.5 The ‘new fairylore’ (post-1990) 33 2.6 Conclusion 37 Chapter Two - Theory: In a place apart 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Nostalgia 39 3.3 The Irish fairy landscape 43 3 3.4 Space and place 49 3.5 Power 54 3.6 Conclusion 58 Chapter Three - Nationalism: Green jacket, red cap 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Nationalism and the power of place 60 4.3 The wearing of the green: Evoking nostalgia for Éire 63 4.4 The National Leprechaun Museum 67 4.5 The Last Leprechauns of Ireland 74 4.6 Critique 81 4.7 Conclusion 89 Chapter Four - Heritage: Up the airy mountain 5.1 Introduction 93 5.2 Heritage and the conservation of place 94 5.3 Discovering Ireland the ‘timeless’: Heritage -
Doorway to Devotion: Recovering the Christian Nature of the Gosforth Cross
religions Article Doorway to Devotion: Recovering the Christian Nature of the Gosforth Cross Amanda Doviak Department of History of Art, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; [email protected] Abstract: The carved figural program of the tenth-century Gosforth Cross (Cumbria) has long been considered to depict Norse mythological episodes, leaving the potential Christian iconographic import of its Crucifixion carving underexplored. The scheme is analyzed here using earlier ex- egetical texts and sculptural precedents to explain the function of the frame surrounding Christ, by demonstrating how icons were viewed and understood in Anglo-Saxon England. The frame, signifying the iconic nature of the Crucifixion image, was intended to elicit the viewer’s compunction, contemplation and, subsequently, prayer, by facilitating a collapse of time and space that assim- ilates the historical event of the Crucifixion, the viewer’s present and the Parousia. Further, the arrangement of the Gosforth Crucifixion invokes theological concerns associated with the veneration of the cross, which were expressed in contemporary liturgical ceremonies and remained relevant within the tenth-century Anglo-Scandinavian context of the monument. In turn, understanding of the concerns underpinning this image enable potential Christian symbolic significances to be suggested for the remainder of the carvings on the cross-shaft, demonstrating that the iconographic program was selected with the intention of communicating, through multivalent frames of reference, the significance of Christ’s Crucifixion as the catalyst for the Second Coming. Keywords: sculpture; art history; archaeology; early medieval; Anglo-Scandinavian; Vikings; iconog- raphy Citation: Doviak, Amanda. 2021. Doorway to Devotion: Recovering the Christian Nature of the Gosforth Cross. -
Boofi 6HEEH SIATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY I
RUNIC EVIDENCE OF LAMINOALVEOLAR AFFRICATION IN OLD ENGLISH Tae-yong Pak A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 1969 Approved by Doctoral Committee BOOfi 6HEEH SIATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY I 428620 Copyright hy Tae-yong Pak 1969 ii ABSTRACT Considered 'inconsistent' by leading runologists of this century, the new Old English runes in the palatovelar series, namely, gar, calc, and gar-modified (various modi fications of the old gifu and cën) have not been subjected to rigorous linguistic analysis, and their relevance to Old English phonology and the study of Old English poetry has remained unexplored. The present study seeks to determine the phonemic status of the new runes and elucidate their implications to alliteration. To this end the following methods were used: 1) The 60-odd extant Old English runic texts were examined. Only four monuments (Bewcastle, Ruthwell, Thornhill, and Urswick) were found to use the new runes definitely. 2) In the four texts the words containing the new and old palatovelar runes were isolated and tabulated according to their environments. The pattern of distribution was significant: gifu occurred thirteen times in front environments and twice in back environments; cen, eight times front and once back; gar, nine times back; calc, five times back and once front; and gar-modified, twice front. Although cen and gifu occurred predominantly in front environments, and calc and gar in back environments, their occurrences were not complementary. 3) To interpret the data minimal or near minimal pairs with the palatovelar consonants occurring in front or back environments were examined.