DOCSLIB.ORG

The Effect of Age and Recycling on Paper Quality

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Effect of Age and Recycling on Paper Quality Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-1996 The Effect of Age and Recycling on Paper Quality Zhuang Wu Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Wood Science and Pulp, Paper Technology Commons Recommended Citation Wu, Zhuang, "The Effect of Age and Recycling on Paper Quality" (1996). Master's Theses. 4921. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/4921 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EFFECT OF AGE AND RECYCLING ON PAPER QUALITY by Zhuang Wu A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Paper and Printing Science and Engineering Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan April 1996 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I extend my sincere appreciation to the members of my committee, Dr. Raja Aravamuthan, Dr. David Peterson and Dr. Ellsworth Shriver for their guidance and support throughout the course of this work. I wish to thank Mr. Rick Reames for his suggestions and help. Many thanks are due to my friends, colleagues and others who contributed in different ways. Finally, I am also pleased to acknowledge my family members for their financial and other support in finishing my study. Zhuang Wu ii THE EFFECT OF AGE AND RECYCLING ON PAPER QUALITY Zhuang Wu, M.S. Western Michigan University, 1996 The effects of recycling paper that has undergone aging for different periods on paper and fiber proper­ ties like strength, weighted average fiber length, and water retention value were investigated in this study. Old Newspapers (ONP) with different periods of natural aging (between 1 to 10 months) were recycled repeatedly for up to six times. Another goal was the study of aging effects on paper properties using accelerated aging at high temperatures (105±2) °C. Four different aging times (24, 48, 72, and 144 hours) were employed. The results showed that naturally aged ONP loses little in strength properties up to 7 months; later, there is a significant decrease. The accelerated aging tests showed strength loses for all aging periods. The water retention value decreases with increasing aging time and number of repeated recycling. The age of the recycled paper is found to be a more important variable than the number of times that the paper has been recy­ cled. It is also found that 10 months of natural aging is equivalent to less than 24 hours of accelerated aging under the experimental conditions. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................... ii LIST OF TABLES ...........................................vi LIST OF FIGURES .........................................vii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ........................................1 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE................................ 6 Properties of Secondary Fibers ................. 6 The Effects of Recycling on Paper Quality .....7 General Effects of Recycling ................ 7 The Recycle Potential of Pulp ............... 9 Recycling Methods .......................... 14 Strength Properties ........................ 15 Wood Species ............................... 18 Deinking and Bleaching ........................19 Improving the Strength of Recycled Fiber ......21 Analysis of the Literature ....................22 III. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .........................24 IV. OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY .•.......................26 V. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ..............28 Experimental Design........................... 27 iii Table of Contents-Continued CHAPTER Experimental Methods ........................... 30 The Recycling Procedure .................... 30 Properties of Handsheets and Fibers ........ 32 VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .......................... 34 Experimental Data Analysis.................... 34 Discussion .................................... 35 Effect of Recycling on Fines............... 35 Effect of Recycling on Fiber Length ........ 37 Effect of Aging and Recycling on Zero-span Strength......................... 39 Effect of Aging and Recycling on Tensile Strength........................... 42 Effect of Aging and Recycling on Burst Strength............................... 47 Effect of Aging and Recycling on Tear Strength ................................51 Effect of Aging and Recycling on Water Retention Value ........................54 Effect of Aging and Recycling on Scattering Coefficient .......................58 Comparison of Natural Aging versus Accelerated Aging ............................61 VII . CONCLUSIONS........................................ 63 VIII. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY ......................66 iv Table of Contents-Continued APPENDIX A. Regression Model Parameters......................... 67 REFERENCES •.•....••••••••..•••.•••••••...••...........• 7 0 V LIST OF TABLES 1. Newsprint Properties Before and After Calendering ....................................... 14 2. Handsheet Testing Methods .......................... 33 3 . Fines Percentage.................................. 3 6 4. Weighted Averaged Fiber Length.................... 38 5. Zero Span Fiber Strength ..........................40 6. Tensile Strength.................................. 43 7. Burst Strength.................................... 48 8. Tear Strength..................................... 52 9. Water Retention Value .......................... � ..55 vi LIST OF FIGURES 1. u. s. Paper Recovery Rate............................. 2 2. Effect of Recycling on Fibre Saturation Point........ 8 3. Effect of Recycling on Fibre Flexibility............ 10 4. Effect of Recycling on Breaking Length .............. 16 5. Effect of Recycling on Tear Index................... 18 6. Effect of Recycling on Burst Index.................. 18 7. Schematic for Natural Aging Experiments............. 28 8. Schematic for Accelerated Aging Experiments......... 29 9. Effect of Recycling on Fines........................ 36 10. Effect of Recycling on Weighted Average Fiber Length ............................................ 3 8 11. Effect of Recycling and Natural Aging on Fiber Strength ....................................41 12. Effect of Recycling and Accelerated Aging on Fiber Strength......... , ..........................41 13. Effect of Recycling and Natural Aging on Tensile Index..................................... 4 4 14. Effect of Recycling and Accelerated Aging on Tensile Index..................................... 44 15. Effect of Recycling and Natural Aging on Burst Index .......................................49 16. Effect of Recycling and Accelerated Aging on Burst Index....................................... 49 vii List of Figures-Continued 17. Effect of Recycling and Natural Aging on Tear Index ........................................ 53 18. Effect of Recycling and Accelerated Aging on Tear Index ........................................ 53 19. Effect of Recycling and Natural Aging on Water Retention Value............................. 56 20. Effect of Recycling and Accelerated Aging on Water Retention Value ............................. 56 21. Effect of Recycling and Natural Aging on Scattering Coefficient............................ 59 22. Effect of Recycling on Density.................... 60 23. Effect of Recycling and Accelerated Aging Scattering Coefficient............................ 60 24. Comparison of Natural Aging Versus Accelerated Aging................................. 62 viii ; CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Recycled fibers (secondary fibers) are defined as fi­ bers that have been through at least one papermaking cycle. Recycled fibers have lower strength and higher drainage re­ sistance than virgin fibers. The mechanical properties of fibers as well their ability to swell are diminished after they are exposed to the pulping and drying conditions im­ posed during the papermaking cycle. Recycling is not a new technology. It became a commer­ cial proposition when Matthias Koops established the Neck­ inger Mill, UK, in 1800 [1]. Since 1968, when the use of waste paper as a fiber source for papermaking was at a low point at 19.5% of total fiber sources and 10.2 million tons, waste paper has become progressively more important as a fiber resource in papermaking. The recovery rate for waste paper has increased steadily throughout the 1970s and 1980s. This trend is expected to continue at least to the end of the century (Figure 1). Paper recycling is unusual among the technology of the pulp and paper industry in that its practice is perceived to be both economically and envi- 1 / 2 ronrnentally beneficial. The incentive for recycling appears 50 45 40 � 35 GI a:: 30 GI 25 20 GI a:: 15 10 5 0 1985 1990 1993 2000goal *Note: Actual data for 1985 and 1990; projected data for 1993 and 2000. *Sources: American Forest and Paper Association/Franklin Associates ,Ltd. Figure 1. U.S. Paper Recovery Rate[2]. to be related in an inverse way to the availability of vir­ gin fiber resources, although various other factors are in­ volved. As forest area per person is being decreased, the recovery of fiber is more and more important. For 1990-1991 the utilization rate (the amount of recovered fiber used in the manufacture of paper, expressed as a percentage of the total fiber used) is a respectable 44.6%[3]. Annual consumption
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2019 Catalog 12-14.Pdf
    www.legionpaper.com www.moabpaper.com www.risingmuseumboard.com www.solvart.com © Copyright 2019 Legion Paper Corporation All Rights Reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced without the permission of Legion Paper. OUR ROMANCE WITH PAPER Peace treaties are signed on it. Declarations of love are written on it. Artists’ works are portrayed on it. Of course, we mean paper; the medium that has evolved to reflect its own poetry, becoming an opportunity for pure innovation and unlimited creativity. Through the years, a melding of ancient craft and enlightened technology occurred, creating new practices and opening new horizons for expression in paper. When we trace its history, we find insight into man’s relentless imagination and creativity. Today, this convergence of ancient and modern continues and paper emerges with not only greater variety but a renewed appreciation of quality. To some, fine paper is the space that translates what is conceived in the mind to what is authentic. To others, having access to the right paper represents abundant possibility and profitability. The very selection of paper now becomes an adventure, realizing how the end result will vary based upon choice. Today, as in the years past, Legion Paper continues to source the finest papermakers around the globe, respecting the skill of the artisan and the unique attributes of the finished product. As we head into the future, Legion remains steadfast in its commitment to diversity, customer service and an unparalleled level of professionalism. We’re sure you will want to touch and feel some of the 3,500 papers described on the following pages.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Technology Journal
    Paper Technology Journal World paper market: Quo vadis newsprint? News from the Divisions: Stock Preparation, Paper Machinery, Finishing and Service. A Scandinavian Success Story. Notable Startups. Orderbook Highlights. China, changing times in 3 the cradle of papermaking. Contents Foreword 1 Corporate News Highlights USA/Germany: Voith Appleton machine clothing. 55 Startups, orders on hand 2 Austria: World paper market The Andritz Group – partnering the Quo vadis newsprint? 5 pulp and paper industry 58 News from the Divisions Germany: Stock preparation: B+G Fördertechnik thirty years on 64 Membrane technology for the further close-up of paper mill water loops 14 Germany: Board and packaging Paper Machinery: pilot paper machine upgrade – Ortviken PM 4 – facing the future with tomorrow’s technology today 22 versatility 69 Paper Machinery: Latest generation of cylinder mould New names, new addresses formers – FloatLip former N, NO, S 28 Hunt & Moscrop: now Voith Sulzer Paper Machinery: Finishing Ltd., Manchester 72 Serang BM3/BM4 – the exemplary commissioning 30 Voith Sulzer Paper Technology: regional representation in Jakarta 72 Gap Former Technology: No. 26 DuoFormer CFD installation a success 37 Special awards for innovation and design Paper Machinery: New applications in multilayer Neusiedler Paper wins innovation technology 38 award with a revolutionary 3-layer headbox and NipcoFlex press 73 Paper Machinery: Brilliant Coating with JetFlow F – SPCI ’96 – impressive presence 73 data, facts, experience 44 Finishing: Advertisement of the year in Brazil 73 Econip – a new generation of deflection compensating rolls 48 China: Service: The changing origins of GR2 cover – next-generation paper – from hand-made performance leader 51 to machine-made 75 Cover picture: Ortviken – successfull start-up (see article on page 22).
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Pulping of Waste Pineapple Leaves Fiber for Kraft Paper Production
    JMRTEC-135; No. of Pages 8 ARTICLE IN PRESS j m a t e r r e s t e c h n o l . 2 0 1 5;x x x(xx):xxx–xxx Available online at www.sciencedirect.com www.jmrt.com.br Original Article Chemical pulping of waste pineapple leaves fiber for kraft paper production a,∗ b Waham Ashaier Laftah , Wan Aizan Wan Abdul Rahaman a Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia b Center for Composites, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the implementation of acetone as a pulping Received 29 August 2014 agent for pineapple leaves. Mixtures of water and acetone with concentration of 1%, 3%, Accepted 15 December 2014 5%, 7%, and 10% were used. The effects of soaking and delignification time on the paper Available online xxx properties were investigated. Thermal and physical properties of paper sheet were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tearing resistance test respectively. The mor- × Keywords: phological properties were observed using microscope at 200 magnification. The paper sheet produced from pulping with 3% acetone concentration shows the highest mechan- Natural fiber Renewable resources ical properties. Papers strength was improved by increasing the delignification time. The ◦ Pineapple leaves delignification time was reduced by cooking the pineapple leaves at a temperature of 118 C Pineapple fiber under applied pressure of 80 kPa which has remarkable effect on paper strength.
    [Show full text]
  • Fine Art Papers Guide
    FINE ART PAPERS GUIDE 100 Series • 200 Series • Vision • 300 Series • 400 Series • 500 Series make something real For over 125 years Strathmore® has been providing artists with the finest papers on which to create their artwork. Our papers are manufactured to exacting specifications for every level of expertise. 100 100 Series | Youth SERIES Ignite a lifelong love of art. Designed for ages 5 and up, the paper types YOUTH and features have been selected to enhance the creative process. Choice of paper is one of the most important 200 Series | Good decisions an artist makes 200SERIES Value without compromise. Good quality paper at a great price that’s economical enough for daily use. The broad range of papers is a great in determining the GOOD starting point for the beginning and developing artist. outcome of their work. Color, absorbency, texture, weight, and ® Vision | Good STRATHMORE size are some of the more important Let the world see your vision. An affordable line of pads featuring extra variables that contribute to different high sheet counts and durable construction. Tear away fly sheets reveal a artistic effects. Whether your choice of vision heavyweight, customizable, blank cover made from high quality, steel blue medium is watercolor, charcoal, pastel, GOOD mixed media paper. Charcoal Paper in our 300, 400 and 500 Series is pencil, or pen and ink, you can be confident that manufactured with a traditional laid finish making we have a paper that will enhance your artistic them the ideal foundation for this medium. The efforts. Our papers are manufactured to exacting laid texture provides a great toothy surface for specifications for every level of expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • President's Report Issue
    DEC MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE o TRAL OF TECHNOLOGY BULLETIN PRESIDENT'S REPORT ISSUE VOLUM E 77 NUMBER 1I OCTOBER, 1941 Published by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts .O I - - - Entered July 13, 1933, at the Post Office, Boston, Massachusetts, as second-class matter under Act of Congress of August 24, 1912. Published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Station, Boston, Massachusetts, in October, November, February and June. Issues of the BULLETIN include the reports of the President and of the Treasurer, the General Catalogue, the Summer Session, and the Directory of Officers and Students. MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE . OF TECHNOLOGY : BULLETIN President's Report Issue I940-I941 Covering Periodfrom Meeting of CorporationOctober, 1940 to Meeting of CorporationOctober, i941 VOLUME 77 NUMBER I OCTOBER, 1941 PUBLISHED BY THE INSTITUTE, CAMBRIDGE I _ ~_·___· -7:-olG _ I ___ TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT. ......... 5 CO-OPERATION IN THE NATIONAL DEFENSE PROGRAM . 6 Personnel ....... 6 Educational Activities ... 7 Defense Research ..... : I I I IO Financing the Research Program 12 SOME EDUCATIONAL EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE DEFENSE PROGRAM .. TRENDS IN OUR NORMAL OPERATIONS . .. 19 Finances .. ... 19 Enrollment . .. 20 Student Aid S. 21 Placement ....... ... 22 Personnel.......... 23 IMPORTANT GAINS .... ... .. .. 26 SOME OBJECTIVES UNDER STUDY . .. .. 28 REPORTS OF OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS Dean of Students ........... 31 Dean of the Graduate School ........ 34 Registrar .. ... 37 Director of Admissions ...... 58 Chairman of Committee on Summer Session 59 Librarian . S 61 Director of the Division of Industrial Co5peration 69 Director of the Albert Farwell Bemis Foundation 72 Secretary of Society of Arts ..... ... 74 Chairman of Committee on the Museum .
    [Show full text]
  • Products from Kentucky's Forests
    Forestry in the Classroom Series Products From Kentucky’s Forests An Educational Series for Grades 4, 5 and 6 We All Need Trees! Trees supply thousands of products for our shade to help keep us cool. When daily lives. We eat fruits and nuts from trees, harvested, leaves of the carnau- use decorative woods for jewelry and art ba tree are used to produce fur- projects, and make practical items like books niture polish, car wax, and fences from wood. crayons, lipstick and Wood is used as a fuel for cooking and heat- the coating on many medicine tab- ing in stoves, fireplaces and barbecue grills. lets. Whole leaves from some Houses, paper and boxes are made from trees, such as bay, are used in trees, and the fibers and chemicals from cooking, while the oils of other wood are used to make products such as ray- leaves, such as the eucalyptus, are extracted on fabric and rubber balls. for fragrances and flavorings. Other products How can so many different products come made from foliage: garden mulch. from trees? It's because of the tree's struc- ture. Trees are made up of cellulose that are Branches held together with lignin. This makes the tree strong enough to use for building houses The branches of large trees and furniture. and the trunks of smaller When wood is cooked, the cellulose is sepa- trees are used to make rated from the lignin to make wood pulp. thousands of paper prod- This pulp is made into paper. The lignin can ucts, including writing paper, tissues and be used to make different chemicals that go boxes.
    [Show full text]
  • Rayonier A.M Canada G.P. Paperboard Mill Book
    Rayonier A.M Canada G.P. Paperboard Mill Book Section 1 – Paperboard Company Background Rayonier Advanced Materials is a global manufacturer of high-purity cellulose, high-yield pulp, paperboard, lumber, and newsprint. An established company with 90 years’ experience as a leading supplier of High Purity Cellulose products, the addition of Tembec in November 2017, represented the opening of another new chapter for Rayonier Advanced Materials. With 4,200 employees worldwide, an expanded product offering, increased innovation and an even larger geographic footprint, Rayonier Advanced Materials strives to deliver and respond to an ever- evolving global market and increasingly diverse customer base. Our paperboard products are manufactured in Temiscaming, Quebec. The mill started up in 1990, focusing primarily on lightweight coated board and striving to produce a high-quality, fully bleached coated paperboard. Kallima®’s product lines are used in commercial printing, publishing, prestige packaging, high- impact graphic corrugated containers, point-of-purchase displays and are distributed throughout North America and abroad. The products manufactured and distributed from our Temiscaming mill are the result of the proper management of nearly 25 million acres (10 million hectares) of Canadian forestlands in keeping with responsible forest management practices, allowing us to have earned Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC®) Certification for all our direct-managed forests. Our Mission Our goal is to produce and market paperboard products that make
    [Show full text]
  • Simultaneous Neutral Sulphite Semichemical Pulping of Hardwood and Softwood
    Simultaneous Neutral Sulphite Semichemical Pulping of Hardwood and Softwood By Floris Antonides Submitted in fulfihnent of the academic requirements for the Degree of Master in Science in Engineering in the School of Chemical Engineering of the University of Natal December 2000 Abstract The work described in this thesis was aimed at obtaining a better understanding of the neutral sulphite semichemical pulping process employed by Mondi Kraft's Piet Retief mill, and to investigate ways to improve this process. The unique feature of the process in this mill is that hardwood and softwood species are pulped simultaneously in a continuous digester. The pulping trials described were carried out in a laboratory batch digester which was build as a part of this project. Pulps were evaluated for yield, Hypo number as an indication of the residual lignin content and strength properties. The first part of the experimental work focused on the effect that different pulping variables have on the process and the resulting pulp. Variables investigated were the chemical charge, pulping temperature, chip composition and anthraquinone dosage. The second part of the work was to investigate ways in which the process can be improved. In particular it was investigated whether it would be advantageous to pulp hardwood and softwood separately and mix the two pulps together after pulping. The effect of changing to_an alkaline sulphite process was also briefly investigated. It was found that the current process is optimized as far as the chemical charge and pulping temperature is concerned. Increasing the softwood percentage used to 50 % (from current value of 41 %) increases the tear strength, whilst decreasing it to 30 % increases the tensile strength of the resulting pulp.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildfires Are Usually the Product of Human Negligence
    ACADEMIC READING PRACTICE TEST 5 – Wildfires & The History of Paper-making in the United Kingdom READING PASSAGE 1 Questions 1 – 13 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 – 13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Questions 1 – 4 Reading Passage 1 has 5 paragraphs (A – E). From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B – E. Write the appropriate number (i – viii) in boxes 1 – 4 on your answer sheet. NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all. Example: Paragraph A Answer iii Wildfires A Wildfires are usually the product of human negligence. Humans start about 90% of wild fires and lightning causes the other 10%. Regular causes for wildfires include arson, camping fires, throwing away cigarettes, burning rubbish, and playing with fireworks or matches. Once begun, wildfires can spread at a rate of up to 23 kph and, as a fire spreads over a landscape, it could undertake a life of its own – doing different things to keep itself going, even creating other blazes by throwing cinders miles away. Three components are necessary to start a fire: oxygen, fuel and heat. These three make up “the fire triangle” and fire fighters frequently talk about this when they are attempting to put out blazes. The theory is that if the fire fighters can remove one of the triangle pillars, they can take control of and eventually put out the fire. B The speed at which wildfires spread depends on the fuel around them. Fuel is any living or dead material that will burn.
    [Show full text]
  • Handmade Paper: a Review of Its History, Craft, and Science
    REVIEW ARTICLE bioresources.com HANDMADE PAPER: A REVIEW OF ITS HISTORY, CRAFT, AND SCIENCE Martin A. Hubbe a* and Cindy Bowden b For over 2000 years the manual craft of papermaking has been practiced all over the world utilizing a variety of techniques. This review describes the evolution of hand papermaking and its cultural significance. Paper’s evolution has been shaped by the structure and chemical composition of the fibers. Almost every aspect of modern papermaking technology has been foreshadowed by traditional practices. Such practices were passed down for many generations within families of papermakers. The main sources of cellulosic fiber evolved as the ancient craft migrated from its birthplace in China to Korea and Japan, the Islamic world, and then to Europe and America. Though most paper made today comes from automated, continuous production systems, handmade paper has enjoyed a resurgence, both as a traditional craft and as an art-form. In addition, traditional papermaking methods can provide insights to help in modern applications involving cellulosic fibers. Keywords: Handmade paper; History; Handcraft; Science; Cellulosic fibers Contact information: a: Department of Forest Biomaterials; North Carolina State University; Campus Box 8005; Raleigh, NC 27695-8005 USA; b: Robert C. Williams American Museum of Papermaking, Inst. of Paper Science and Technology, Mail Code 0620, Georgia Tech., Atlanta, GA 30332-0620; *Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Whenever people engage their hands and minds to make paper, there is a continuing opportunity for evolution of the craft. Each maker adopts or selectively omits parts of the methods that have been passed down to them, sometimes inventing new techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Environmental Problems in Pulp and Paper Industry
    I_1 DISSERTATION ON A STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY IN PULP AND PAPER m DEEPAK BHARDWAJ , ._ }36 3 s .*L; DEPARTMENT OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE SAHARANPUR CAMPUS, SAHARANPUR - 247001 JUNE - 2007 - ACKNOWELEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude,. obligation and indebtedness to my esteemed advisor Dr. C.H Tyagi Associate Professor, Dr. Dharmdutt Associate Professor in Department of Paper Technology (DPT) Saharanpur Campus of IIT. Roorkee for thier creative guidance, keen interest, valuable suggestions, constructive criticism and constant encouragement during the preparation of this manuscript. I am thankful to all the staff of DPT Saharanpur Campus of IIT Roorkee and also thankful. to all the staff of Machine House 1 department of , BILT Yamuna Nagar unit for their kind cooperation. Lastly, I am thankful to my family members and friends for constant -encouragement, which has , led this piece of work to its successful completion. (DEEPAK BHARDWAJ) Date: l 1 1 61 0 7 M.Tech. (Pulp and Paper) Place: EnI. No. 045305 Candidate's Declaration I hereby certify that work which is being presented in this report entitled " A study of the environmental problems in pulp and paper industry" in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master Of Technology and submitted in the Department of Paper Technology of IIT Roorkee, is an authentic record of my own work carried out under the supervision Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Paper Mills of Coventry by Bill Jobbagy, May 2006
    The Paper Mills of Coventry by Bill Jobbagy, May 2006 Two paper mills existed in Coventry in the early 1800’s. They were among the 10-12 paper mills located in Connecticut at the time, though only East Hartford and Coventry had more than one. Paper was made by hand by essentially the same process used for 900 years. The raw material was cloth rags and water. The first mill was located on the west side of the Skungamaug River on the present border of Coventry and Andover. The second mill was located on the Mill Brook in the Village about where the Tracy Mill and Ackert Electric office is today. The paper mill on the Skungamaug River was built in the 1790’s by Elijah House. It consisted of a mill, dam and dwelling on about one acre of land. The ownership was split and changed hands several times until 1813 when Gideon Hollister consolidated the deeds and acquired full ownership. Mr. Hollister was born in Glastonbury in 1776 and settled in the Andover Society of Coventry in the early 1800’s. His paper mill was a relatively large complex. The road leading by it from the Hartford-Norwich Turnpike (Route 6) to South Street was known for years as the Paper Mill Road. Today the road (Times Farm Road) dead-ends before reaching South Street. Gideon and his wife Mary had five sons and two daughters. Charles, his fourth son, remained in business with his father until the sale of the site. Gideon’s fifth son, Nelson, worked as a paper maker with his father for a while but moved to Hartford in 1838.
    [Show full text]