Media and Politics in Iceland
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Ritaskrá Háskóla Íslands 2006 Efnisyfirlit Contents
Ritaskrá Háskóla Íslands 2006 Efnisyfirlit Contents Formáli . .5 Preface . .5 Félagsvísindadeild . .7 Faculty of Social Sciences . .7 Bókasafns- og upplýsingafræði . .7 Library- and Information Science . .7 Félagsfræði . .8 Sociology . .8 Félagsráðgjöf . .10 Social work . .10 Kynjafræði . .12 Gender Studies . .12 Mannfræði . .13 Anthropology . .13 Sálarfræði . .15 Psychology . .15 Stjórnmálafræði . .19 Political Science . .19 Uppeldis- og menntunarfræði . .22 Education . .22 Þjóðfræði . .26 Folkloristics . .26 Guðfræðideild . .28 Faculty of Theology . .28 Hjúkrunarfræðideild . .32 Faculty of Nursing . .32 Hjúkrunarfræði . .32 Nursing . .32 Ljósmóðurfræði . .39 Midwifery . .39 Hugvísindadeild . .41 Faculty of Humanities . .41 Bókmenntafræði og málvísindi . .41 Comparative Literature and Linguistics . .41 Enska . .44 English . .44 Heimspeki . .46 Philosophy . .46 Íslenska . .48 Icelandic Language and Literature . .48 Rómönsk og klassísk mál . .53 Roman and Classicical Languages . .53 Sagnfræði . .55 History . .55 Þýska og norðurlandamál . .61 German and Nordic Languages . .61 Hugvísindastofnun . .62 Centre for Research in the Humanities . .62 Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum . .64 The Árni Magnússon Institute in Iceland . .64 Lagadeild . .71 Faculty of Law . .71 Lyfjafræðideild . .76 Faculty of Pharmacy . .76 Læknadeild . .80 Faculty of Medicine . .80 Augnsjúkdómafræði . .80 Ophthalmology . .80 Barnalæknisfræði . .82 Paediatrics . .82 Erfðafræði . .83 Genetics . .83 Frumulíffræði . .83 Cell Biology . .83 Fæðinga- og kvensjúkdómafræði -
Þingvellir National Park
World Heritage Scanned Nomination File Name: 1152.pdf UNESCO Region: EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Þingvellir National Park DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 7th July 2004 STATE PARTY: ICELAND CRITERIA: C (iii) (vi) CL DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Report of the 28th Session of the World Heritage Committee Criterion (iii): The Althing and its hinterland, the Þingvellir National Park, represent, through the remains of the assembly ground, the booths for those who attended, and through landscape evidence of settlement extending back possibly to the time the assembly was established, a unique reflection of mediaeval Norse/Germanic culture and one that persisted in essence from its foundation in 980 AD until the 18th century. Criterion (vi): Pride in the strong association of the Althing to mediaeval Germanic/Norse governance, known through the 12th century Icelandic sagas, and reinforced during the fight for independence in the 19th century, have, together with the powerful natural setting of the assembly grounds, given the site iconic status as a shrine for the national. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS Þingvellir (Thingvellir) is the National Park where the Althing - an open-air assembly, which represented the whole of Iceland - was established in 930 and continued to meet until 1798. Over two weeks a year, the assembly set laws - seen as a covenant between free men - and settled disputes. The Althing has deep historical and symbolic associations for the people of Iceland. Located on an active volcanic site, the property includes the Þingvellir National Park and the remains of the Althing itself: fragments of around 50 booths built of turf and stone. -
Impacts of Cross-Cultural Mass Media in Iceland, Northern Minnesota, and Francophone Canada in Retrospect
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 369 111 CS 508 548 AUTHOR Payne, David E. TITLE Impacts of Cross-Cultural Mass Media in Iceland, Northern Minnesota, and Francophone Canada in Retrospect. PUB DATE Nov 93 NOTE 15p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association (79th, Miami Beach, FL, November 18-21, 1993). PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers (150) Information Analyses (070) Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.) (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Comparative Analysis; Cross Cultural Studies; *Cultural Context; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Literature Reviews; *Mass Media Effects; Mass Media Use; Research Methodology; *Research Problems; *Television Research; *Television Viewing IDENTIFIERS Iceland; Minnesota; Quebec ABSTRACT Comparison of data gathened in the late 1970s to deta gathered in the early 1990s indicates that while communication researchers remain convinced that effects of intercultural mass media exist, they also.acknowledge that no clear, useful theoretical framework exists. Data were analyzed, compared, and reported in the late 1970s from three sites--Iceland, northern Minnesota, and Quebec. Data were gathered concerning television viewing habits, source of television broadcasts (from Canada, the United States, Iceland), or no television at all and the perceived effects of television viewing. Comparison of these studies indicated that:(1) even using the same measures, different cultural settings resulted in different outcomes; (2) the effects of media, interpersonal, and sociolinguistic variables were not uniform for different categories of dependent variables; and (3) changes in attitudes, agendas, and information levels had complex causes with many contributing factors. Comparisons of these studies to those done in the early 1990s indicated that not much had changed. -
Dr. Neuhaus Telekommunikation Mobile Network Code
Dr. Neuhaus Telekommunikation Mobile Network Code The Mobile Country Code (MCC) is the fixed country identification. The Mobile Network Code (MNC) defines a GSM‐, UMTS‐, or Tetra radio network provider. This numbers will be allocates June 2011 autonomus from each country. Only in the alliance of bothscodes (MCC + MNC) the mobile radio network can be identified. All informations without guarantee Country MCC MNC Provider Operator APN User Name Password Abkhazia (Georgia) 289 67 Aquafon Aquafon Abkhazia (Georgia) 289 88 A-Mobile A-Mobile Afghanistan 412 01 AWCC Afghan Afghanistan 412 20 Roshan Telecom Afghanistan 412 40 Areeba MTN Afghanistan 412 50 Etisalat Etisalat Albania 276 01 AMC Albanian Albania 276 02 Vodafone Vodafone Twa guest guest Albania 276 03 Eagle Mobile Albania 276 04 Plus Communication Algeria 603 01 Mobilis ATM Algeria 603 02 Djezzy Orascom Algeria 603 03 Nedjma Wataniya Andorra 213 03 Mobiland Servei Angola 631 02 UNITEL UNITEL Anguilla (United Kingdom) 365 10 Weblinks Limited Anguilla (United Kingdom) 365 840 Cable & Antigua and Barbuda 344 30 APUA Antigua Antigua and Barbuda 344 920 Lime Cable Antigua and Barbuda 338 50 Digicel Antigua Argentina 722 10 Movistar Telefonica internet.gprs.unifon.com. wap wap ar internet.unifon Dr. Neuhaus Telekommunikation Mobile Network Code The Mobile Country Code (MCC) is the fixed country identification. The Mobile Network Code (MNC) defines a GSM‐, UMTS‐, or Tetra radio network provider. This numbers will be allocates June 2011 autonomus from each country. Only in the alliance of bothscodes (MCC + MNC) the mobile radio network can be identified. All informations without guarantee Country MCC MNC Provider Operator APN User Name Password Argentina 722 70 Movistar Telefonica internet.gprs.unifon.com. -
Konur Í Fjölmiðlum #Metoo #Fimmtavaldið
Konur í fjölmiðlum #metoo #fimmtavaldið Konur í fjölmiðlum hafa þagað allt of lengi, rétt eins og konur í öðrum stéttum. Við þegjum ekki lengur. Við stígum fram og vekjum athygli á áreitni, kynbundinni mismunun og kynferðisofbeldi sem hefur fengið að þrífast gagnvart konum í fjölmiðlum. Við lýsum yfir stuðningi við þær konur sem hafa þegar látið rödd sína hljóma og tekið þátt í þeirri byltingu sem nú á sér stað um allan heim þar sem konur taka höndum saman, konur í ákveðnum starfsstéttum standa saman og safna reynslusögum af kynferðislegri áreitni, óviðeigandi snertingum, óvelkomnum athugasemdum og þaðan af verra. Þannig er samt hversdagslegur veruleiki kvenna enn í dag, á 21. öldinni í samfélagi þjóðar sem jafnan er kennd við mesta kynjajafnrétti í heiminum. Við erum komin langt, en við þurfum að komast enn lengra. Sú bylting sem nú stendur yfir hefur verið kennd við Weinstein-áhrifin eftir að konur fóru að greina frá kynferðislegri áreitni þessa áhrifamanns í Hollywood, #metoo. Hér á Íslandi voru konur í stjórnmálum fyrstar og sögðu sínar sögur með myllumerkinu #ískuggavaldsins. Konur í sviðslistum og kvikmyndagerð kenndu sig við myllumerkið #tjaldiðfellur. Konur í fjölmiðlum vinna beinlínis við að koma upp um spillingu, segja frá ofbeldi og kúgun, ljóstra upp um leyndarmál sem skipta máli fyrir þjóðfélagið og borgara þess. Það er því ekki nema eðlilegt að við sameinaðar tökum þetta skref saman og sýnum samfélaginu öllu hvernig viðmóti og hegðum við mætum í okkar vinnu. Núverandi ástand er ekki boðlegt. Við krefjumst breytinga og skorum á íslenska fjölmiðla að taka meðfylgjandi frásagnir alvarlega, setja sér siðareglur varðandi áreitni og kynferðislegt ofbeldi, og fylgja þeim eftir. -
Performance of Public and Private Television in Iceland 1993–1999 an Assessment1
Performance of Public and Private Television in Iceland 1993–1999 An Assessment1 RAGNAR KARLSSON, HILMAR THOR BJARNASON, THORBJÖRN BRODDASON & MARGRET LILJA GUDMUNDSDOTTIR Introduction rameters of the military base. The programmes on A Short Overview of Television offer consisted largely of popular American enter- Broadcasting in Iceland tainment series and children’s programmes. Partly in response to this ‘cultural invasion’ the The 279 thousand Icelanders that occupy their Icelandic National Broadcasting Service (Rikis- North-Western island outpost of Europe are relat- utvarpid – RUV) started television transmissions in ively small players when compared to most of their September 1966. Its programming consisted of just European neighbours in terms of the media. At first a few hours, three days a week. Shortly, it was in- glance, one can easily assume that the media and creased to six days a week, and within six years, broadcasting landscape in a country like Iceland the signals were reached by over 98 percent of the would be one lacking in diversity due to diseco- population. Until 1983, the month of July was tele- nomics of scale (e.g. Noam, 1991: 233). Such a de- vision-free, and until 1987 RUV-TV sent no televi- scription could have applied to Iceland once, but sion broadcasts on Thursdays (for an overview of with the process of deregulation that swept Euro- the origin and development of television in Iceland, pean broadcasting in the 1980s, the broadcasting see Bjarnason et al., 1997, Broddason, 1996a, market in Iceland has acquired all the main char- 1996b, 1998). acteristics and features of any other broadcasting Until 1986, the Icelandic National Broadcasting market in Europe. -
Iceland 2019
Iceland 2019 1 Table of Contents Doing Business in Iceland ___________________________________________ 5 Market Overview ______________________________________________________________ 5 Market Challenges _____________________________________________________________ 6 Market Opportunities ___________________________________________________________ 6 Market Entry Strategy __________________________________________________________ 7 Political Environment _______________________________________________ 8 Selling US Products & Services _______________________________________ 9 Using an Agent to Sell US Products and Services ___________________________________ 9 Establishing an Office __________________________________________________________ 9 Franchising __________________________________________________________________ 9 Direct Marketing _______________________________________________________________ 9 Joint Ventures/Licensing ______________________________________________________ 10 Selling to the Government _____________________________________________________ 10 Distribution & Sales Channels __________________________________________________ 10 Express Delivery _____________________________________________________________ 10 Selling Factors & Techniques ___________________________________________________ 11 eCommerce _________________________________________________________________ 11 Trade Promotion & Advertising _________________________________________________ 13 Pricing ______________________________________________________________________ -
Signature on Behalf of the State Party
Signature On Behalf of the State Party SIGNATURE ON BEHALF OF THE STATE PARTY Signed on behalf of the State Party Mr. Davíð Oddsson Mr. Björn Bjarnason Prime Minister Chairman of the Þingvellir Commission Date Date i Contributors CONTRIBUTORS Consultative committee on the 1972 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the World’s Cultural and Natural Heritage Margrét Hallgrímsdóttir, General Director of the National Museum of Iceland, chairman. Árni Bragason, Director of Division of Nature Conservation, Environment and Food Agency of Iceland. Sigurður A. Þráinsson, Head of Division, Ministry for the Environment. Þorgeir Ólafsson, Head of Division of Arts and Museums, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. Nomination committee Þorgeir Ólafsson, Head of Division of Arts and Museums, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, chairman. Margrét Hallgrímsdóttir, General Director of the National Museum of Iceland. Sigurður K. Oddsson, Director of Þingvellir National Park. Sólrún Jensdóttir, Director of Office of International Relations, Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. Project management and editors Halldóra Hreggviðsdóttir, Economic Engineer, Geologist, Alta Ltd., project manager. Anna Guðný Ásgeirsdóttir, Biologist, Business Administration Dipl., Alta Ltd. Sigurborg Kr. Hannesdóttir, Tourism Planning and Development, Sociology, Alta Ltd. Authors, cartographers and advisors Anna Guðný Ásgeirsdóttir, Biologist, Business Administration, Alta Ltd. Árni Björnsson, Ethnologist, National Museum of Iceland. Einar Á. Sæmundsen, Interpretative Manager, Þingvellir National Park. Eydís Líndal, Geologist, National Land Survey of Iceland. Guðmundur Ólafsson, Archaeologist, National Museum of Iceland. Gunnar Karlsson, Professor of History, University of Iceland. Gunnar Kristjánsson, Theologian. Halldóra Hreggviðsdóttir, Economic Engineer, Geologist, Alta Ltd. Hrefna Róbertsdóttir, Historian, National Museum of Iceland. Kristján Sæmundsson, Geologist, National Energy Authority. -
Power, Communication, and Politics in the Nordic Countries
POWER, COMMUNICATION, AND POLITICS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES POWER, COMMUNICATION, POWER, COMMUNICATION, AND POLITICS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES The Nordic countries are stable democracies with solid infrastructures for political dia- logue and negotiations. However, both the “Nordic model” and Nordic media systems are under pressure as the conditions for political communication change – not least due to weakened political parties and the widespread use of digital communication media. In this anthology, the similarities and differences in political communication across the Nordic countries are studied. Traditional corporatist mechanisms in the Nordic countries are increasingly challenged by professionals, such as lobbyists, a development that has consequences for the processes and forms of political communication. Populist polit- ical parties have increased their media presence and political influence, whereas the news media have lost readers, viewers, listeners, and advertisers. These developments influence societal power relations and restructure the ways in which political actors • Edited by: Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard Kristensen, & Lars Nord • Edited by: Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard communicate about political issues. This book is a key reference for all who are interested in current trends and develop- ments in the Nordic countries. The editors, Eli Skogerbø, Øyvind Ihlen, Nete Nørgaard Kristensen, and Lars Nord, have published extensively on political communication, and the authors are all scholars based in the Nordic countries with specialist knowledge in their fields. Power, Communication, and Politics in the Nordic Nordicom is a centre for Nordic media research at the University of Gothenburg, Nordicomsupported is a bycentre the Nordic for CouncilNordic of mediaMinisters. research at the University of Gothenburg, supported by the Nordic Council of Ministers. -
List of International Signalling Point Codes (Ispc) (According to Recommendation Itu-T Q.708 (03/99))
Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 1199 – 1.VII.2020 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION TSB TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION BUREAU OF ITU _______________________________________________________________ LIST OF INTERNATIONAL SIGNALLING POINT CODES (ISPC) (ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDATION ITU-T Q.708 (03/99)) (POSITION ON 1 JULY 2020) _______________________________________________________________ Geneva, 2020 List of International Signalling Point Codes (ISPC) Note from TSB 1. This List of International Signalling Point Codes (ISPC) replaces the previous one published as Annex to the ITU Operational Bulletin No. 1109 of 1.X.2016. Since then, a number of notifications have been received at TSB and they have been published separately in various issues of the ITU Operational Bulletin. The present list recapitulates all the different amendments that have been published up to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 1199 of 1.VII.2020. 2. Recommendation ITU-T Q.708 states that the assignment of signalling area/network codes (SANC) is to be administered by TSB. Each country will then be responsible for the assignment of international signalling point codes (ISPC) that will then be notified to TSB. 3. The numbering plan of Recommendation ITU-T Q.708 contains 2 048 SANCs providing for 16 384 international signalling points. From these, currently 1 536 SANCs are available for assignment allowing for 12 288 international points. At present 1 055 SANCs are assigned; the reported utilization is 6 255 international signalling points. 4. In order to keep the list up to date, administrations are, therefore, requested to notify TSB, by using the notification form attached, as soon as an ISPC assignment or withdrawal is made, www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/inr/forms/Pages/ispc.aspx . -
Media W Islandii. Ogólna Charakterystyka 509
Zeszyty PRASOZNAWCZE Kraków 2014 T. 57, nr 3 (219), s. 507–516 doi: 10.4467/2299-6362PZ.14.029.2363 www.ejournals.eu/Zeszyty-Prasoznawcze/ MEDIA W ISLANDII. Ogólna charakterystyka LIDIA POKRZYCKA Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie Zakład Dziennikarstwa, Wydział Politologii ABSTRACT Media in Iceland. General characteristics WIECIE Ś The media system in Iceland is distinguished by its specifi city. The country is sparsely popu- lated, most of its population live in the capital region, distribution of newspapers for the rest of the island is diffi cult. Iceland, for a lengthy period, was dependent on Denmark, now people really care about the independence of their state. In this article I describe the condition of the Icelandic press, radio, television, and legal changes that were supposed to make Iceland an NA MEDIA enclave of freedom of speech. An important part of the text is a description of the activities of media companies and problems associated with the journalists’ independence. Key words: Iceland, media system, media companies Islandia jest niepodległym krajem o dość krótkiej historii – faktyczną suweren- ność uzyskała w 1944 roku. Zależność od Norwegii, a potem Danii nauczyła mieszkańców wyspy, że niepodległość jest największą wartością. Islandczycy postrzegają ją przede wszystkim w kontekście obszarów połowowych, których otrzymanie przyczyniło się do uzyskania przez nich niezależności ekonomicznej. Mieszkańcy wyspy chronią swoją odrębność, nie lubią pozbywać się jej nawet w małym stopniu (niechętnie negocjują z UE). Wydają się przy tym bardzo ak- Adres do korespondencji: Zakład Dziennikarstwa, Wydział Politologii Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, plac Litewski 3, 20-080 Lublin, [email protected] 22--łaamanie.inddmanie.indd 550707 22015-01-14015-01-14 008:20:268:20:26 508 LIDIA POKRZYCKA tywnym społeczeństwem, ale zazwyczaj wtedy, gdy odczuwają spadek aktual- nego poziomu swojego życia. -
Political Parallelism in Iceland: Perceived Media-Politics Relations
NORDICOM REVIEW Political parallelism in Iceland Perceived media-politics relations Birgir Guðmundsson Department of Social Science, University of Akureyri, Iceland Abstract My main objective in this article is to examine the importance of political parallelism in Iceland through establishing the extent to which political parallelism is perceived to char- acterise political communication in Iceland by politicians and voters. Political parallelism is one of the defining elements of Hallin and Mancini’s typology of media systems. Based on candidate surveys from five elections and a voter survey, indexes of perceived political parallelism are configured for politicians and voters. The analysis suggests a high degree of perceived political parallelism and that the perceptions are reflected in partisan ideologi- cal views of individual media outlets. The same – or at least similar – perceptions about political parallelism in the media system seem to penetrate the system irrespective of age and at the national, local, and individual level of politics. However, voters and candidates of social democratic and liberal internationally oriented parties perceive a significantly lower degree of parallelism than others. Keywords: political communication, political parallelism, media systems, elections, journalism Introduction Throughout the better part of the twentieth century, the Icelandic media system was characterised by a political party press, with four or five newspapers representing the Icelandic four-party system. The bourgeois press was, for most of that time, consider- ably stronger than the press to the left and centre. The state radio was, for all intents and purposes, held hostage by a political regulatory and surveillance board (Friðriksson, 2000; Guðmundsson, 2007, 2009). The unwinding of the hard grip of political parties on the press was a long process that spanned nearly forty years.