DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction Phylogenetic Analysis Objectives Discussion And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction Phylogenetic Analysis Objectives Discussion And Creation of a Species-Level Cephalopod Phylogeny to Resolve Major and Minor Clades Sriram V. Ramamurthy¹, Bridget A. Vincent², Emily S. Lau², Todd H. Oakley² 1 University of California Santa Barbara, College of Creative Studies 2 University of California Santa Barbara, Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Introduction Phylogenetic Analysis • Cephalopods (Mollusca : Cephalopoda) are a diverse Class of Sanchez et al. 2018 Originally Genus-Level Lindgren et al. 2012 Originally Species-Level Our Phylogeny Originally Species-Level marine invertebrates consisting of over 800 described species. • The systematic relationships of and between many clades of Error cephalopods are still unclear, demonstrating the need for a robust Clade A phylogeny. Major Cephalopod Lineages Subclass Nautiloidea Includes the pelagic Nautilidae; presence of an elaborate aragonite shell. An ancient lineage. Octopodiformes: Eight arms. Typically includes groups such as the cirrate octopuses (internal shell, two fins on head, and cirri on Error tentacles present) and incirrate octopuses (absence of these S. Chantra features). Subclass Coleoidea Decapodiformes: Eight tentacles and two arms. Typically includes groups such as the squids (Presence of a internal chitinous structure called the "gladius"), cuttlefishes (Presence of an internal calcified structure called the "sepion") and bobtail squids Nick Hobgood (reduced or absent gladius, absence of sepion). • Previous studies' phylogenies are often poorly resolved, meaning that the relationships shown in the phylogeny are not highly probabilistic. In addition, poor taxon sampling and www.vox.cominadequate sampling strategies, such as picking one species to represent a genus, lead to inaccurate groupings. • Resolving the evolutionary relationships within a group forms the basis for studying ecological strategies that influence its diversification, complex trait evolution, and predicting how species will respond to anthropogenic stressors. Bioluminescence: A Complex Trait Complex traits functionally Symbiotic Autogenic integrate many genes while bioluminescence: Light is bioluminescence: Light simple traits use a few genes. Bioluminescence, the produced by symbiotic bacteria is produced by the organism biological production and living within the photophore. itself, through a chemical emission of light, involves reaction. complex morphological and physiological specialization. Photophores are specialized organs containing Autogenic bioluminescence-producing Photophores * Family-level phylogenies are shown for the sake of clarity. with structures, molecules, or Symbiotic Luminescent Photophores symbionts. Many Chemicals cephalopods are with Bacteria Results Discussion and Future Directions bioluminescent, which they Vibrio fischeri use for defense, courtship, Coelentrazine + • We found that while aspects of our phylogeny agree with some previous studies, the prey-capture, and more. Luciferase Sanchez et al. 2018 Lindgren et al. 2012 Our Phylogeny relationships within Cephalopoda become complicated when analyzed at the species level. • Two major Coleoid lineages • Two major Coleoid lineages • Two major Coleoid lineages Objectives • Oegopsida (All squid families • Oegopsida (All squid families • Oegopsida (All squid families • There is some agreement with previous studies, such as the recovery of two major except Loliginidae) is paraphyletic except Loliginidae) is monophyletic except Loliginidae) is paraphyletic, Coleoid lineages and the monophyly of the cirrate octopuses. • Resolve problematic relationships within Cephalopoda by creating (internal placement of Sepiolidae internal placement of Myopsida and Sepiadariidae) (Loliginidae) and Sepiida • Several major clades such as Oegoposida, Myopsida, and Octopodidae are not a species-level phylogeny to assess major and minor clades. monophyletic and are in need of further taxonomic revision. • Myopsida (Loliginidae) is • Myopsida (Loliginidae) is • Myopsida (Loliginidae) is • Compare the placement of major and minor clades in our monophyletic monophyletic polyphyletic • We show different placements of other minor clades such as Spirulidae, phylogeny to other published phylogenies. • Vampyroteuthidae within • Vampyroteuthidae sister to cirrate • Vampyroteuthidae within Vampyroteuthidae, and Gonatidae. The placement of the Vampyroteuthidae within the Decapodiformes disagrees with its placement in the two other studies analyzed. • Use this phylogeny as a tool to form and test phylogenetic Octapodiformes and sister to all and incirrate octopuses Decapodiformes and sister to octopuses Pyroteuthidae hypotheses. • We are using this phylogenetic framework to conduct ancestral state reconstruction • Cirrate octopuses • Cirrate octopuses • Cirrate octopuses of bioluminescence to determine the number of times this trait originated within Methods for Phylogenetic Reconstruction (Opisthoteuthidae, Cirroctopodidae, (Opisthoteuthidae, Cirroctopodidae, (Opisthoteuthidae, Cirroctopodidae, Cephalopoda. Publicly available short-read genetic data from NCBI was used, Cirroteuthidae, Stauroteuthidae) are Cirroteuthidae, Stauroteuthidae) are Cirroteuthidae, Stauroteuthidae) are with the following molecular markers being used: 12S, 16S, paraphyletic monophyletic monophyletic • We can use this phylogeny to study the predictability and repeatability of evolution 28S, actin, COI, COIII, Cyt-b, histone, myosin, ODH (octopine • Octopodidae is monophyletic • Octopodidae is paraphyletic • Octopodidae is polyphyletic and the evolutionary dynamics of complex traits. dehydrogenase), Pax-6, rhodopsin, 18S spacer region. The Relevant literature: following programs were used: MAFFT, a multiple sequence • Gonatidae is monophyletic • Gonatidae is monophyletic • Gonatidae is polyphyletic 1. Lindgren, A. R., Pankey, M. S., Hochberg, F. G., & Oakley, T. H. (2012). A multi-gene phylogeny of Cephalopoda supports convergent morphological evolution in alignment program, was used to create gene family alignments; association with multiple habitat shifts in the marine environment. BMC evolutionary biology, 12(1), 129. • Spirulidae forms a monophyletic • Spirulidae is monophyletic with • Spirulidae forms a paraphyletic 2. Sanchez, G., Setiamarga, D. H., Tuanapaya, S., Tongtherm, K., Winkelmann, I. E., Schmidbaur, H., ... & Gleadall, I. (2018). Genus-level phylogeny of cephalopods IQ-TREE to create gene trees, and ASTRAL to concatenate the using molecular markers: current status and problematic areas. PeerJ, 6, e4331. group with Idiosepiidae, Loliginidae, Oegopsid and Myopsid squids group with Idiosepiidae, Loliginidae, Acknowledgements: I would like to extend a sincere thank you to Bridget Vincent and Emily Lau for their mentorship, and to Dr. Todd gene trees into one species tree. Oakley for his wholehearted support. Use was made of computational facilities purchased with funds from the National Science Foundation and Sepiidae and Sepiidae (CNS-1725797) and administered by the Center for Scientific Computing (CSC). The CSC is supported by the California NanoSystems Institute and the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC; NSF DMR 1720256) at UC Santa Barbara..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vampyronassa Rhodanica Nov. Gen. Nov Sp., Vampyromorphe
    Annales de Paléontologie 88 (2002) 1−17 www.elsevier.nl/locate/annpal Vampyronassa rhodanica nov. gen. nov sp., vampyromorphe (Cephalopoda, Coleoidea) du Callovien inférieur de la Voulte-sur-Rhône (Ardèche, France) Jean-Claude Fischer a,*, Bernard Riou b aLaboratoire de paléontologie, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France bMusée de paléontologie, 4 quai Anatole France, 07800 la Voulte-sur-Rhône, Ardèche, France Reçu le 12 octobre 2001; accepté le 10 décembre 2001 Résumé Les vampyromorphes, ordre voisin des octopodes, n’étaient jusqu’ici connus avec certitude que dans la nature actuelle, en eaux océaniques profondes. Leur présence dès le Jurassique moyen se trouve attestée par une vingtaine de spécimens du Callovien inférieur de la Voulte-sur-Rhône (Ardèche), qui en possèdent les caractères essentiels : huit bras sessiles reliés par un velum et armés d’une rangée de ventouses encadrées de cirres, une paire de tentacules brachiaux, des yeux latéraux bien développés, un organe de soutien interne (gladius) non calcifié, une paire de nageoires supéro-postérieures, deux organes lumineux postéro-dorsaux, pas de poche à encre. Ces spécimens, pour lesquels sont ici proposés les nouveaux genre et espèce Vampyronassa rhodanica, différent cependant des vampyromorphes actuels par leurs deux premiers bras sessiles dorsaux nettement plus longs que les autres, par le plus grand développement de leur entonnoir et par leur tronc fuselé, plus allongé. La présence d’un vampyromorphe déjà bien caractérisé au Jurassique moyen laisse supposer pour cet ordre de céphalopodes une origine beaucoup plus ancienne encore. Quelques considérations sont apportées sur son mode ce vie très probablement mésopélagique.
    [Show full text]
  • DIET of FREE-RANGING and STRANDED SPERM WHALES (Physeter
    DIET OF FREE-RANGING AND STRANDED SPERM WHALES (Physeter macrocephalus) FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE CONTRACT REPORT Submitted to: Dr. Keith D. Mullin National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center PO. Drawer 1207 Pascagoula, MS 39568-1207 Submitted by: Dr. Nelio B. Barros Mote Marine Laboratory Center for Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Research 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway Sarasota, FL 34236-1096 (941) 388-4441 x 443 (941) 388-4317 FAX May 2003 Mote Marine Laboratory Technical Report Number 895 ABSTRACT Sperm whales are common inhabitants of the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. To date, no information is available on the diet of sperm whales in the Gulf. This study sheds light into the feeding habits ofthese whales by examining data collected from free-ranging and stranded animals. Prey species included a minimum of 13 species within 10 families of cephalopods, the only prey type observed. The most important prey was Histioteuthis, a midwater squid important in the diet of sperm whales worldwide. Most species of cephalopods consumed by Gulf sperm whales are meso to bathypelagic in distribution, being found in surface to waters 2,500 deep. Some of these prey are also vertical migrators. The diet of Gulf sperm whales does not include species targeted by the commercial fisheries. INTRODUCTION Until fairly recently, little was known about the species of whales and dolphins (cetaceans) inhabiting the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the information available came from opportunistic sightings and occasional strandings. In the early 1990' s large-scale dedicated surveys were initiated to study the distribution and abundance of marine mammals in the deep Gulf.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Effects on Cephalopod Population Dynamics: Implications for Management of Fisheries
    Advances in Cephalopod Science:Biology, Ecology, Cultivation and Fisheries,Vol 67 (2014) Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the book Advances in Marine Biology, Vol. 67 published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier's permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From: Paul G.K. Rodhouse, Graham J. Pierce, Owen C. Nichols, Warwick H.H. Sauer, Alexander I. Arkhipkin, Vladimir V. Laptikhovsky, Marek R. Lipiński, Jorge E. Ramos, Michaël Gras, Hideaki Kidokoro, Kazuhiro Sadayasu, João Pereira, Evgenia Lefkaditou, Cristina Pita, Maria Gasalla, Manuel Haimovici, Mitsuo Sakai and Nicola Downey. Environmental Effects on Cephalopod Population Dynamics: Implications for Management of Fisheries. In Erica A.G. Vidal, editor: Advances in Marine Biology, Vol. 67, Oxford: United Kingdom, 2014, pp. 99-233. ISBN: 978-0-12-800287-2 © Copyright 2014 Elsevier Ltd. Academic Press Advances in CephalopodAuthor's Science:Biology, personal Ecology, copy Cultivation and Fisheries,Vol 67 (2014) CHAPTER TWO Environmental Effects on Cephalopod Population Dynamics: Implications for Management of Fisheries Paul G.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Vertical Distribution Patterns of Cephalopods in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
    fmars-07-00047 February 20, 2020 Time: 15:34 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 21 February 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00047 Vertical Distribution Patterns of Cephalopods in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Heather Judkins1* and Michael Vecchione2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, United States, 2 NMFS National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States Cephalopods are important in midwater ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) as both predator and prey. Vertical distribution and migration patterns (both diel and ontogenic) are not known for the majority of deep-water cephalopods. These varying patterns are of interest as they have the potential to contribute to the movement of large amounts of nutrients and contaminants through the water column during diel migrations. This can be of particular importance if the migration traverses a discrete layer with particular properties, as happened with the deep-water oil plume located between 1000 and 1400 m during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Two recent studies focusing on the deep-water column of the GOM [2011 Offshore Nekton Sampling and Edited by: Jose Angel Alvarez Perez, Analysis Program (ONSAP) and 2015–2018 Deep Pelagic Nekton Dynamics of the Gulf Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Brazil of Mexico (DEEPEND)] program, produced a combined dataset of over 12,500 midwater Reviewed by: cephalopod records for the northern GOM region. We summarize vertical distribution Helena Passeri Lavrado, 2 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, patterns of cephalopods from the cruises that utilized a 10 m Multiple Opening/Closing Brazil Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOC10).
    [Show full text]
  • Full Text in Pdf Format
    Vol. 5: 13–22, 2009 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Printed March 2009 doi: 10.3354/ab00117 Aquat Biol Published online February 3, 2009 OPEN ACCESS Vertical distribution, behavior, chemical composition and metabolism of Stauroteuthis syrtensis (Octopoda: Cirrata) in the northwest Atlantic Charles A. Jacoby1,*, Marsh J. Youngbluth2, Jessica R. Frost1, 8, Per R. Flood3, Franz Uiblein4, Ulf Båmstedt5, Francesc Pagès6,†, David Shale7 1University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32653, USA 2Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution at Florida Atlantic University, 5600 Highway 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA 3Bathybiologica A/S, Gerhard Grans vei 58, 5081 Bergen, Norway 4Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 33, PB 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway 5Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Norrbyn, 910 20 Hörnefors, Sweden 6Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37–49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain 714 Victoria Avenue, Swanage, Dorset BH19 1AN, UK 8Present address: Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, 22767 Hamburg, Germany ABSTRACT: The cirrate octopod Stauroteuthis syrtensis is a mesopelagic species commonly collected in the North Atlantic. Individuals were observed at depths >600 m and typically within 100 m of the bot- tom in three ~900 m deep canyons indenting the southern edge of Georges Bank. When first sighted, most octopods were floating passively with their webbed arms gathered into a small ball. When dis- turbed, they expanded their webs to form a ‘balloon’ shape, swam slowly by sculling their fins, pulsed their webs like medusae and, in some cases, streamlined their arms and webs and moved away smoothly by rapidly sculling their fins. The bodies of 9 octopods comprised 92 to 95% water, with tissue containing 9 to 22% carbon (C) and 2 to 4% nitrogen (N).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-159 Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies by M. A. Etnier and C. W. Fowler U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center October 2005 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series is currently used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Etnier, M. A., and C. W. Fowler. 2005. Comparison of size selectivity between marine mammals and commercial fisheries with recommendations for restructuring management policies. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-159, 274 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-159 Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies by M. A. Etnier and C. W. Fowler Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. Seattle, WA 98115 www.afsc.noaa.gov U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Carlos M.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Central Pacific
    FAOSPECIESIDENTIFICATIONGUIDEFOR FISHERYPURPOSES ISSN1020-6868 THELIVINGMARINERESOURCES OF THE WESTERNCENTRAL PACIFIC Volume2.Cephalopods,crustaceans,holothuriansandsharks FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE FOR FISHERY PURPOSES THE LIVING MARINE RESOURCES OF THE WESTERN CENTRAL PACIFIC VOLUME 2 Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks edited by Kent E. Carpenter Department of Biological Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk, Virginia, USA and Volker H. Niem Marine Resources Service Species Identification and Data Programme FAO Fisheries Department with the support of the South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) and the Norwegian Agency for International Development (NORAD) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1998 ii The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. M-40 ISBN 92-5-104051-6 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permissions, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. © FAO 1998 iii Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H. (eds) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 2. Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothuri- ans and sharks. Rome, FAO. 1998. 687-1396 p.
    [Show full text]
  • Vampyroteuthis Infernalis As Bioluminescent Lighthouse to Think Among the Living
    Vampyroteuthis Infernalis as Bioluminescent Lighthouse to Think among the Living. Elise Rigot To cite this version: Elise Rigot. Vampyroteuthis Infernalis as Bioluminescent Lighthouse to Think among the Living.: Some Mutations: From 1981 to 1991. Flusser Studies, Flusser Studies, 2021, Vilém Flusser and His “Languages”. hal-03197472 HAL Id: hal-03197472 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03197472 Submitted on 13 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial| 4.0 International License FLUSSER STUDIES 30 Elise Rigot Vampyroteuthis Infernalis as Bioluminescent Lighthouse to Think among the Living. Some Mutations: From 1981 to 1991 Vampyroteuthis Infernalis is both a philosophical fiction and a scientific essay.1 Flusser describes a creature of the abyss that is the complete opposite of human beings. From 1981 to 1991 (the year of Flusser’s death), the book mutates with the writing process. As you might know, Flusser con- fronts his ideas in dialogues using different kinds of media such as letters, oral dialogues, essays, exhibitions, courses and translations. He works with a methodology that we could today call “art- creation” (Manning et Massumi 2018) through investigation.2 There is a genealogy of the Vampyro- teuthis Infernalis (Vampy) from the French version to the Brazilian one.
    [Show full text]
  • FAU Institutional Repository
    FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. Notice: ©2009 Inter-Research Science Center. This manuscript is available at http://www.int-res.com/ and may be cited as: Jacoby, C. A., Youngbluth, M. J., Frost, J. R., Flood, P. R., Uiblein, F., Båmstedt, U., Pagès, F., & Shale, D. (2009). Vertical distribution, behavior, chemical composition and metabolism of Stauroteuthis syrtensis (Octopoda:Cirrata) in the Northwest Atlantic. Aquatic Biology, 5(1), 13-22. doi:10.3354/ab00117. _- - Vol. 5: 13-22, 2009 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Printed March 2009 Published online Pebrusrv s. 2009 doi: 10.3354/ab00117 Aquat BioI 1 Vertical distribution, behavior, chemical composition and metabolism of Stauroteuthis svrtensis (Octopoda: Cirrata) in the northwest Atlantic 3 Charles A. Jacoby':", Marsh J. Younqbluth", Jessica R. Prost':", Per R. Flood , 4 Franz Uiblein , Ulf Bamstedt", Francese Paqes'':", David Shale? 'University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32653, USA '!IIMhor Branch Oceanoqraphlc InsliLution at Florida Atlantic University, 5600 Highway 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA "Bathybtoloqica A/S, Gerhard Grans vei 58, 5081 Bergen, Norway "Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 33, PB 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway sUmeiI Marine Sciences Centre, Norrbyn, 910 20 Hornetors, Sweden "Institut de Ciencies del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marilim de Ia Barceloneta 37-49,08003 Barcelona, Spain 714 Victoria Avenue, Swanage, Dorset BH19 IAN, UK "Present address: Institute for Hydrohiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, 22767 Hamburg, Germany ABSTRACT: The cirrate octopod Stauroteuthis syrtensis is a mesopelagic species commonly collected in the North Atlantic.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Identification and Population Characteristics of Deep-Sea
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 11-1-2017 Genetic Identification and Population Characteristics of Deep-Sea Cephalopod Species in the Gulf of Mexico and Northwestern Atlantic Ocean Amanda Sosnowski University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Sosnowski, Amanda, "Genetic Identification and Population Characteristics of Deep-Sea Cephalopod Species in the Gulf of Mexico and Northwestern Atlantic Ocean" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7445 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Genetic Identification and Population Characteristics of Deep-Sea Cephalopod Species in the Gulf of Mexico and Northwestern Atlantic Ocean by Amanda Sosnowski A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science College of Marine Science University of South Florida Co-Major Professor: Heather Judkins, Ph.D. Co-Major Professor: Mya Breitbart, Ph.D. Michael Vecchione, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November 2, 2017 Keywords: cephalopod, Vampyroteuthis infernalis, Cranchia scabra, Pyroteuthis margaritifera, COI, 16S rRNA, population connectivity, Gulf of Mexico, Bear Seamount Copyright © 2017, Amanda Sosnowski ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Words cannot express my gratitude for the support and expert guidance of my co- advisors, Dr. Heather Judkins and Dr. Mya Breitbart, throughout this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda
    PHYLUM: MOLLUSCA CLASS: CEPHALOPODA Authors Rob Leslie1 and Marek Lipinski2 Citation Leslie RW and Lipinski MR. 2018. Phylum Mollusca – Class Cephalopoda In: Atkinson LJ and Sink KJ (eds) Field Guide to the Ofshore Marine Invertebrates of South Africa, Malachite Marketing and Media, Pretoria, pp. 321-391. 1 South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town 2 Ichthyology Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa 321 Phylum: MOLLUSCA Class: Cephalopoda Argonauts, octopods, cuttlefish and squids Introduction to the Class Cephalopoda Cephalopods are among the most complex and The relative length of the arm pairs, an important advanced invertebrates. They are distinguished from identiication character, is generally expressed as the rest of the Phylum Mollusca by the presence an arm formula, listing the arms from longest to of circumoral (around the mouth) appendages shortest pair: e.g. III≥II>IV>I indicates that the two commonly referred to as arms and tentacles. lateral arm pairs (Arms II and III) are of similar length Cephalopods irst appeared in the Upper Cambrian, and are longer than the ventral pair (Arms IV). The over 500 million years ago, but most of those dorsal pair (Arms I) is the shortest. ancestral lineages went extinct. Only the nautiluses (Subclass Nautiloidea) survived past the Silurian (400 Order Vampyromorpha (Vampire squids) million years ago) and are today represented by only This order contains a single species. Body sac-like, two surviving genera. All other living cephalopods black, gelatinous with one pair (two in juveniles) of belong to the Subclass Coleoidea that irst appeared paddle-like ins on mantle and a pair of large light in the late Palaeozoic (400-350 million years ago).
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Authors. Please See Below for Specific Edits Allowed on This Document (So That We Can Keep Track of Changes / Updates): 1
    _______________________________________________________ Dear authors. Please see below for specific edits allowed on this document (so that we can keep track of changes / updates): 1. Affiliations (Suggesting mode) 2. Comments only on sections 1-6, 8-14 (unless it is your groups’ section, in which case edits using Suggesting mode allowed) 3. Edits and contributions can be made by anyone, using Suggesting mode, to sections 7, 15-18. NB! Suggesting mode- see fig below: pencil icon at top right of toolbar must be selected as Suggesting (not Editing). ___________________________________________________________ WORLD OCTOPUS FISHERIES Warwick H. Sauer[1], Zöe Doubleday[2], Nicola Downey-Breedt[3], Graham Gillespie[4], Ian G. Comentario [1]: Note: Authors Gleadall[5], Manuel Haimovici[6], Christian M. Ibáñez[7], Stephen Leporati[8], Marek Lipinski[9], Unai currently set up as: W. Sauer Markaida[10], Jorge E. Ramos[11], Rui Rosa[12], Roger Villanueva[13], Juan Arguelles[14], Felipe A. (major lead), followed by section leads in alphabetical order, Briceño[15], Sergio A. Carrasco[16], Leo J. Che[17], Chih-Shin Chen[18], Rosario Cisneros[19], Elizabeth followed by section contributors in Conners[20], Augusto C. Crespi-Abril[21], Evgenyi N. Drobyazin[22], Timothy Emery[23], Fernando A. alphabetical order. Fernández-Álvarez[24], Hidetaka Furuya[25], Leo W. González[26], Charlie Gough[27], Oleg N. Katugin[28], P. Krishnan[29], Vladimir V. Kulik[30], Biju Kumar[31], Chung-Cheng Lu[32], Kolliyil S. Mohamed[33], Jaruwat Nabhitabhata[34], Kyosei Noro[35], Jinda Petchkamnerd[36], Delta Putra[37], Steve Rocliffe[38], K.K. Sajikumar[39], Geetha Hideo Sakaguchi[40], Deepak Samuel[41], Geetha Sasikumar[42], Toshifumi Wada[43], Zheng Xiaodong[44], Anyanee Yamrungrueng[45].
    [Show full text]