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Range Extension and Morphology of the Italian Wall Lizard, Podarcis Siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) (Squamata: Lacertidae), from Turkey

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Range Extension and Morphology of the Italian Wall Lizard, Podarcis Siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) (Squamata: Lacertidae), from Turkey Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2015) 39: 103-109 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1401-44 Range extension and morphology of the Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) (Squamata: Lacertidae), from Turkey 1 2, 1 3 1 Cemal Varol TOK , Kerim ÇİÇEK *, Sibel HAYRETDAĞ , Yahya TAYHAN , Batuhan Yaman YAKIN 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey 3 Health Vocational College, Hakkari University, Hakkari, Turkey Received: 20.01.2014 Accepted: 28.04.2014 Published Online: 02.01.2015 Printed: 30.01.2015 Abstract: A record of the Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810), from Atakum (Samsun, Central Black Sea Region) is provided in this study. In addition, 5 specimens (3 ♂♂and 2 ♀♀) from Atakum (Samsun) and 14 specimens (7 ♂♂ and 7 ♀♀) from Gelibolu (Çanakkale, Thrace), with records provided recently, were evaluated in terms of measurements, pholidosis, and color and pattern. With the record from Samsun, the Italian wall lizard’s distributional range has been extended about 360 km eastwards. The specimens examined from both localities were determined to resemble P. s. hieroglyphicus (Berthold, 1840), distributed in Thrace and Anatolia. Moreover, some information on the breeding biology of the specimens is provided. Key words: Podarcis siculus, distribution, Thrace, Black Sea region, Turkey 1. Introduction subspecies of the species were reviewed by Henle and The wall lizards, Podarcis Wagler, 1830, comprise 21 Klaver (1986), and 52 of them were accepted, while 47 of currently recognized species (Speybroeck et al., 2010) and them were endemic to a single island. P. s. hieroglyphicus occur in Europe, North Africa, and North America. Most was first described by Berthold (1840) from İstanbul species are restricted to the Mediterranean basin (Harris, (Turkey). Later on, the species was reported to inhabit 1999; Harris and Arnold, 1999; Speybroeck et al., 2010; some islands in the Marmara Sea, İstanbul (the European Silva-Rocha et al., 2012). Although the Italian wall lizard, and Asian sides) (Bird, 1936; Bodenheimer, 1944; Başoğlu Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810), is naturally and Baran, 1977; Çevik, 1999; Jablonski and Stloukal, distributed throughout the Italian Peninsula and Sicily, it 2012), Bursa (Uğurtaş et al., 2000; Mollov, 2009), Mt. has been substantially introduced worldwide (Silva-Rocha Ida (Hür et al., 2008), Zonguldak (Ilgaz et al., 2013), and et al., 2012). It has been suggested that the species has Gelibolu (Tok and Çiçek, 2014). In this study, a new record been carried to the Tyrrhenian Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, of the species outside its distributional range is provided. Switzerland, and the islands and coastal areas of the eastern We also aimed to evaluate the specimens caught from Adriatic Sea (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, both the new locality and those recently recorded from and Montenegro) either in historical times or recently Gelibolu (Çanakkale) (Tok and Çiçek, 2014) in terms of (Corti, 2006; Isailovic et al., 2009). Furthermore, P. siculus their pholidosis, morphometric characters, and color and has been introduced to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and pattern features. In addition, we convey some information Portugal), southern France, Turkey, North Africa (Tunisia on the breeding biology of the species, which has not been and Libya), and the United States (Philadelphia, Kansas, widely known in Turkey. and New York) (Isailovic et al., 2009; Silva-Rocha et al., 2012). The species is a successful colonizer, as it has been 2. Materials and methods introduced and has adapted to places outside its range During herpetological studies conducted in the Central (Capula and Ceccarelli, 2003). Black Sea Region in 2011, a population of P. siculus was P. siculus is a polytypic species, and it has high observed around the building of the District Directorate morphological, color, and pattern variability throughout for Food, Agriculture, and Livestock in the district of its range (Arnold and Oven, 2002). The 91 described Atakum (Samsun Province, 41.332474°N, 36.286102°E, * Correspondence: [email protected] 103 TOK et al. / Turk J Zool sea level) on 4 May 2011. A total of 5 individuals (3 ♂♂ 3. Results and 2 ♀♀) were caught from Atakum. These specimens P. siculus was observed around the parking lot of the building from the new locality and 14 (7 ♂♂ and 7 ♀♀) specimens belonging to the District Directorate for Food, Agriculture, from Gelibolu (Çanakkale Province, 40.408188°N, and Livestock in Atakum (Samsun) (Figures 1 and 2). The area 26.663484°E, 8 m a.s.l.) first recorded by Tok and is at a distance of about 5 m from the Black Sea coast. There Çiçek (2014) were evaluated in terms of pholidosis, are a few trees in the area. The individuals were generally morphometric characters, and color and pattern in detail. observed while they were sunbathing on the walls of the The mensural and meristic characters were evaluated building and the garden. The Gelibolu population (Thracian according to Çevik (1999), Uğurtaş et al. (2000), and Ilgaz part of Çanakkale) was observed on lumber in the vicinity of et al. (2013). All measurements and counting were done the industrial site, which was quite close to the settlement, on under a stereomicroscope, and a digital caliper sensitive to the walls of stone houses in the vicinity, and on garden walls. 0.01 mm was used for the measurements. The specimens The morphological values of the 19 (10 males and 9 females) are deposited in the museum of the Faculty of Arts and specimens caught from both localities are as follows. Sciences, Onsekiz Mart University, and incorporated into Material: ZDEU-COMU 68/2011, 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, the collection of ZDEU-COMU (Department of Zoology 04.05.2011, Atakum/Samsun, Leg. Y. Tayhan, A. Kaldırım. at Ege University-Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University). Pholidosis: The supraciliary plates are 6/6 (left/ The sexes and populations were compared with a right) in 4 specimens (80%) and 6/7 in 1 specimen under nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test due to the data not examination (20%). In all specimens examined, the being normally distributed. The statistical analyses were supraocular plates and the supralabial plates in the anterior performed using the PAST statistical program (Hammer part of the subocular are 4/4, and the postnasal plates are et al., 2001). The alpha level was set at 0.05. The means are 1/1. The masseteric plates are 2/1 in 2 specimens (40%) provided with their standard deviations (SDs). and 1/2 (20%), 1/1 (20%), and 2/2 (20%) in the others. The Figure 1. The current distribution of P. siculus in Turkey. Circles show the known records of the literature cited in the text, and squares indicate Gelibolu and Atakum. a) b) Figure 2. A general view of the habitats from (a) Atakum (Samsun) and (b) Gelibolu (Çanakkale), where the specimens of Podarcis siculus were found. 104 TOK et al. / Turk J Zool inframaxillary plates, the last of which is generally smaller anal plate are 6 in 3 specimens (60%) and 7 in 2 specimens than the others, are 6/6 in 4 specimens (80%) and 6/5 in 1 (40%). The values for the other pholidosis characteristics specimen (20%). The collaria are 12 in 2 specimens (40%), of the specimens are presented in Table 1. 11 in 2 specimens (40%), and 10 in 1 specimen (20%). The Morphometrics: In the specimens under examination, longitudinal number of the ventralia is 6 in all specimens. the snout-vent length (SVL) is in the range of 37.57–80.55 The supratemporal plates are 4/4 in 4 specimens (80%) and mm, with the mean value being 61.13 mm (SD = 17.63). 3/4 in 1 specimen (20%), and there is/are 1 or 2 more small The pileus length is more than 2-fold its width. The scale(s)/plate(s) touching the parietal plates behind the values for the other body measurements and ratios of the large plates. The numbers of preanal plates surrounding the specimens are provided in Table 2. Table 1. Summary statistics of pholidosis of Podarcis siculus specimens from Atakum (Samsun) and Gelibolu (Çanakkale). N: Number of specimens; M: mean; SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error of the mean; SprC–L/R: supraciliary granules–left/right; MG: transversal series of gular scales between inframaxillary symphysis and collar; C: collar; FP–L/R: femoral pores–left/right; SubdgtL–L/R: subdigital lamellae under the fourth toes of the hind limbs–left/right. SprC–L SprC–R MG Co FP–L FP–R SubdgtL–L SubdgtL–R Dorsalia Ventralia Samsun (♂♂ + ♀♀) N 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 M 10.40 9.20 27.40 11.20 25.60 25.80 32.40 33.00 69.40 27.20 SD 1.517 0.837 1.673 0.837 1.140 1.095 0.894 1.871 2.408 1.304 Min 8.00 8.00 26.00 10.00 24.00 25.00 32.00 31.00 66.00 26.00 Max 12.00 10.00 30.00 12.00 27.00 27.00 34.00 36.00 72.00 29.00 SE 0.678 0.374 0.748 0.374 0.510 0.490 0.400 0.837 1.077 0.583 Median 11.00 9.00 27.00 11.00 26.00 25.00 32.00 33.00 70.00 27.00 Gelibolu (♂♂) N 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 M 11.00 10.29 28.86 10.86 23.71 23.86 33.43 33.29 74.29 25.71 SD 1.528 1.799 1.574 0.690 0.951 0.900 2.370 1.799 2.690 0.951 Min 9.00 7.00 26.00 10.00 22.00 23.00 30.00 31.00 70.00 25.00 Max 13.00 12.00 31.00 12.00 25.00 25.00 37.00 36.00 77.00 27.00 SE 0.577 0.680 0.595 0.261 0.360 0.340 0.896 0.680 1.017 0.360 Median 11.00 11.00 29.00 11.00 24.00 24.00 34.00 33.00 75.00 25.00 Gelibolu (♀♀) N 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 M 10.00 10.71 29.00
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