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Star Asterias Rubens
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.04.425292; this version posted January 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. How to build a sea star V9 The development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star Asterias rubens Hugh F. Carter*, †, Jeffrey R. Thompson*, ‡, Maurice R. Elphick§, Paola Oliveri*, ‡, 1 The first two authors contributed equally to this work *Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom †Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom ‡UCL Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution (CLOE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom §School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom 1Corresponding Author: [email protected], Office: (+44) 020-767 93719, Fax: (+44) 020 7679 7193 Keywords: indirect development, neuropeptides, muscle, echinoderms, neurogenesis 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.04.425292; this version posted January 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. How to build a sea star V9 Abstract Free-swimming planktonic larvae are a key stage in the development of many marine phyla, and studies of these organisms have contributed to our understanding of major genetic and evolutionary processes. -
The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. -
The Chiton Radula: a Unique Model for Biomineralization Studies
4 The Chiton Radula: A Unique Model for Biomineralization Studies Lesley R. Brooker1 and Jeremy A. Shaw2 1University of the Sunshine Coast 2Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis University of Western Australia Australia 1. Introduction Over the course of evolution, a range of strategies have been developed by different organisms to produce unique materials and structures perfected for their specific function. This biological mastery of materials production has inspired the birth of the new discipline of biomaterials through biomimicry (Birchall, 1989). Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) are slow moving, bilaterally symmetrical and dorso- ventrally flattened molluscs that are commonly found on hard substrata in intertidal regions of coastlines around the world (Kaas & Jones, 1998). All species are characterized by a series of eight dorsal, articulating shell plates or valves, which may be embedded, to varying degrees, in a fleshy, muscular girdle (Kaas & Jones, 1998) (Figure 1). Approximately 750 living species are known, and while intertidal regions are home to the majority of chitons, a number of species can be found at depths of up to 8000m where they feed on detrital material (Kaas & Jones, 1998). Fig. 1. Photograph of the dorsal surface of the chiton Acanthopleura gaimardi, showing the eight overlapping aragonite plates surrounded by the fleshy girdle, which, in this species, is covered in small aragonite spines. Chitons feed by rasping macro- and micro-algae from the rocks on which they live through the use of a radula. The radula has been coined as a conveyor belt of continuously developing www.intechopen.com 66 Advanced Topics in Biomineralization teeth, replaced by new teeth as they are worn and lost. -
Vortex Arrays and Ciliary Tangles Underlie the Feeding–Swimming Tradeoff in Starfish Larvae
Vortex arrays and ciliary tangles underlie the feeding{swimming tradeoff in starfish larvae William Gilpin1, Vivek N. Prakash2, Manu Prakash2∗ 1Department of Applied Physics, 2Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA ∗To whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected] March 12, 2018 arXiv:1611.01173v2 [physics.flu-dyn] 13 Feb 2017 1 Abstract Many marine invertebrates have larval stages covered in linear arrays of beating cilia, which propel the animal while simultaneously entraining planktonic prey.1 These bands are strongly conserved across taxa spanning four major superphyla,2,3 and they are responsible for the unusual morphologies of many invertebrate larvae.4,5 However, few studies have investigated their underlying hydrodynamics.6,7 Here, we study the ciliary bands of starfish larvae, and discover a beautiful pattern of slowly-evolving vor- tices that surrounds the swimming animals. Closer inspection of the bands reveals unusual ciliary \tangles" analogous to topological defects that break-up and re-form as the animal adjusts its swimming stroke. Quantitative experiments and modeling demonstrate that these vortices create a physical tradeoff between feeding and swim- ming in heterogenous environments, which manifests as distinct flow patterns or \eigen- strokes" representing each behavior|potentially implicating neuronal control of cilia. This quantitative interplay between larval form and hydrodynamic function may gen- eralize to other invertebrates with ciliary bands, and illustrates the potential -
THE ENVIRONMENTAL LEGACY of the UC NATURAL RESERVE SYSTEM This Page Intentionally Left Blank the Environmental Legacy of the Uc Natural Reserve System
THE ENVIRONMENTAL LEGACY OF THE UC NATURAL RESERVE SYSTEM This page intentionally left blank the environmental legacy of the uc natural reserve system edited by peggy l. fiedler, susan gee rumsey, and kathleen m. wong university of california press Berkeley Los Angeles London The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous contri- bution to this book provided by the University of California Natural Reserve System. University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2013 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The environmental legacy of the UC natural reserve system / edited by Peggy L. Fiedler, Susan Gee Rumsey, and Kathleen M. Wong. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-520-27200-2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Natural areas—California. 2. University of California Natural Reserve System—History. 3. University of California (System)—Faculty. 4. Environmental protection—California. 5. Ecology—Study and teaching— California. 6. Natural history—Study and teaching—California. I. Fiedler, Peggy Lee. II. Rumsey, Susan Gee. III. Wong, Kathleen M. (Kathleen Michelle) QH76.5.C2E59 2013 333.73'1609794—dc23 2012014651 Manufactured in China 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 2002) (Permanence of Paper). -
The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galápagos
THE FESTIVUS ISSN 0738-9388 A publication of the San Diego Shell Club Volume XXIX December 4, 1997 Supplement The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galapagos Kirstie L. Kaiser Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page i THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE FAUNA OF THE ISLAS GALApAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA 4 December 1997 SiL jo Cover: Adapted from a painting by John Chancellor - H.M.S. Beagle in the Galapagos. “This reproduction is gifi from a Fine Art Limited Edition published by Alexander Gallery Publications Limited, Bristol, England.” Anon, QU Lf a - ‘S” / ^ ^ 1 Vol. XXIX Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1 DISCUSSION 2 RESULTS 2 Table 1: Deep-Water Species 3 Table 2: Additions to the verified species list of Finet (1994b) 4 Table 3: Species listed as endemic by Finet (1994b) which are no longer restricted to the Galapagos .... 6 Table 4: Summary of annotated checklist of Galapagan mollusks 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6 LITERATURE CITED 7 APPENDIX 1: ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF GALAPAGAN MOLLUSKS 17 APPENDIX 2: REJECTED SPECIES 47 INDEX TO TAXA 57 Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page 1 THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE EAUNA OE THE ISLAS GALAPAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER' Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA Introduction marine mollusks (Appendix 2). The first list includes The marine mollusks of the Galapagos are of additional earlier citations, recent reported citings, interest to those who study eastern Pacific mollusks, taxonomic changes and confirmations of 31 species particularly because the Archipelago is far enough from previously listed as doubtful. -
O R E G O N North Pacific Ocean
412 ¢ U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 9 31 MAY 2020 Chart Coverage in Coast Pilot 7—Chapter 9 124° 123° NOAA’s Online Interactive Chart Catalog has complete chart coverage 18520 C O L http://www.charts.noaa.gov/InteractiveCatalog/nrnc.shtml U M B I A 126° 125° 18521 R Astoria I V E R 46° Seaside Tillamook Head NEHALEM RIVER 18556 Vancouver 18558 TILLAMOOK BAY Portland Cape Lookout Cascade Head 45° SILETZ RIVER YAQUINA RIVER ALSEA RIVER 18581 18561 NORTH PA CIFIC OCEAN OREGON Heceta Head 44° 18583 SIUSLAW RIVER 18584 UMPQUA RIVER 18587 Coos Bay Cape Arago 18588 COQUILLE RIVER 43° 18589 Cape Blanco 18600 18580 Port Orford ROUGE RIVER 18601 CHETCO RIVER 42° 18602 CALIFORNIA 31 MAY 2020 U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 9 ¢ 413 Chetco River to Columbia River, Oregon (1) This chapter describes 200 miles of the Oregon coast rare clear skies; it is more likely in early winter. Winter from the mouth of the Chetco River to the mouth of the and spring winds are moderately strong, particularly south Columbia River. Also described are the Chetco and Rogue of Newport. From North Bend southward, winds reach 17 Rivers, Port Orford, Coquille River, Coos Bay, Umpqua knots or more about 5 to 15 percent of the time and 28 and Siuslaw Rivers, Yaquina Bay and River, Nehalem knots or more about 1 to 3 percent of the time. Extreme River and Tillamook Bay. The cities of Coos Bay and wind speeds usually occur in either winter or early spring North Bend on Coos Bay and Newport on Yaquina Bay and have climbed to around 50 knots. -
Possible Anti-Predation Properties of the Egg Masses of the Marine Gastropods Dialula Sandiegensis, Doris Montereyensis and Haminoea Virescens (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
Possible anti-predation properties of the egg masses of the marine gastropods Dialula sandiegensis, Doris montereyensis and Haminoea virescens (Mollusca, Gastropoda) E. Sally Chang1,2 Friday Harbor Laboratories Marine Invertebrate Zoology Summer Term 2014 1Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 2University of Kansas, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, KS 66044 Contact information: E. Sally Chang Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue Lawrence, KS 66044 [email protected] Keywords: gastropods, nudibranchs, Cephalaspidea, predation, toxins, feedimg, crustaceans Chang 1 Abstract Many marine mollucs deposit their eggs on the substrate encapsulated in distinctive masses, thereby leaving the egg case and embryos vulnerable to possible predators and pathogens. Although it is apparent that many marine gastropods possess chemical anti-predation mechanisms as an adult, it is not known from many species whether or not these compounds are widespread in the egg masses. This study aims to expand our knowledge of egg mass predation examining the feeding behavior of three species of crab when offered egg mass material from three gastropods local to the San Juan Islands. The study includes the dorid nudibranchs Diaulula sandiegensis and Doris montereyensis and the cephalospidean Haminoea virescens. The results illustrate a clear rejection of the egg masses by all three of the crab species tested, suggesting anti- predation mechanisms in the egg masses for all three species of gastropod. Introduction Eggs that are laid and then left by the parents are vulnerable to a variety of environmental stressors, both biotic and abiotic. A common, possibly protective strategy among marine invertebrates is to lay encapsulated aggregations of embryos in jelly masses (Pechenik 1978), where embryos live for all or part of their development. -
Vertical Distribution and Population Structure of the Three Dominant Planktonic Ostracods (Discoconchoecia Pseudodiscophora
Plankton Biol. Ecol. 49 (2): 66-74, 2002 plankton biology & ecology K> The Plankton Society of Japan 2002 Vertical distribution and population structure of the three dominant planktonic ostracods (Discoconchoecia pseudodiscophora, Orthoconchoecia haddoni and Metaconchoecia skogsbergi) in the Oyashio region, western North Pacific Hideki Kaeriyama & Tsutomu Ikeda Marine Biodiversity Laboratory, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-0821, Japan Received 19 November 2001; accepted 4 April 2002 Abstract: Diel and seasonal vertical distribution and population structure of Discoconchoecia pseu- dodiscophora (Rudjakov), Orthoconchoecia haddoni (Brady & Norman) and Metaconchoecia skogs bergi (lies) were investigated in the Oyashio region during September 1996 through October 1997. Monthly samples were collected with 0.1 mm mesh closing nets hauled vertically through five con tiguous discrete depths between the surface and ~2000 m. D. pseudodiscophora occurred predomi nantly from the base of the thermocline to a depth of 500 m. O. haddoni and M. skogsbergi occurred somewhat deeper at depths of 250 to 1000 m, but were also moderately abundant below 1000 m. Sampling was undertaken both by day and by night during December 1996, April and October 1997 to assess diel vertical migration activity, but revealed no appreciable day/night differences in the ver tical distributions of the ostracods. All the instars sampled [instars II through VIII (adults) of D. pseu dodiscophora and O. haddoni, and instars III through VIII (adults) of M. skogsbergi] were collected throughout the entire period of the study. All three species showed evidence of ontogenetic vertical migration—the ranges of these migrations being from 300-1000 m in D. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Design and Implementation of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Methods for Monitoring the So
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Design and Implementation of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Methods for Monitoring the Southern California Marine Protected Area Network A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biology by Zachary Jacob Gold 2020 © Copyright by Zachary Jacob Gold 2020 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Design and Implementation of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Methods for Monitoring the Southern California Marine Protected Area Network by Zachary Jacob Gold Doctor of Philosophy in Biology University of California, Los Angeles, 2020 Professor Paul Barber, Chair Marine protected areas (MPAs) are important tools for maintaining biodiversity and abundance of marine species. However, key to the effectiveness of MPAs is monitoring of marine communities. Current monitoring methods rely heavily on SCUBA-based visual observations that are costly and time consuming, limiting the scope of MPA monitoring. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a promising cost effective, rapid, and automatable alternative for marine ecosystem monitoring. However, as a developing tool, the utility of eDNA metabarcoding requires improved bioinformatic techniques and reference barcode databases. Furthermore, it is important to understand how eDNA metabarcoding performs relative to visual surveys to better understand the strengths and limitations of each approach. This thesis improves eDNA metabarcoding approaches to survey the nearshore rocky reef and kelp forest ecosystems within the Southern California MPA network. It then tests the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding against visual surveys conducted by the Channel Islands National Park Service ii Kelp Forest Monitoring Program and Reef Check California. In Chapter 1, I develop FishCARD, a 12S reference barcode database specific to fishes of the California Current ecosystem. -
Biodiversity Journal, 2020, 11 (4): 861–870
Biodiversity Journal, 2020, 11 (4): 861–870 https://doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2020.11.4.861.870 The biodiversity of the marine Heterobranchia fauna along the central-eastern coast of Sicily, Ionian Sea Andrea Lombardo* & Giuliana Marletta Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences - Section of Animal Biology, University of Catania, via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The first updated list of the marine Heterobranchia for the central-eastern coast of Sicily (Italy) is here reported. This study was carried out, through a total of 271 scuba dives, from 2017 to the beginning of 2020 in four sites located along the Ionian coasts of Sicily: Catania, Aci Trezza, Santa Maria La Scala and Santa Tecla. Through a photographic data collection, 95 taxa, representing 17.27% of all Mediterranean marine Heterobranchia, were reported. The order with the highest number of found species was that of Nudibranchia. Among the study areas, Catania, Santa Maria La Scala and Santa Tecla had not a remarkable difference in the number of species, while Aci Trezza had the lowest number of species. Moreover, among the 95 taxa, four species considered rare and six non-indigenous species have been recorded. Since the presence of a high diversity of sea slugs in a relatively small area, the central-eastern coast of Sicily could be considered a zone of high biodiversity for the marine Heterobranchia fauna. KEY WORDS diversity; marine Heterobranchia; Mediterranean Sea; sea slugs; species list. Received 08.07.2020; accepted 08.10.2020; published online 20.11.2020 INTRODUCTION more researches were carried out (Cattaneo Vietti & Chemello, 1987). -
Proceedings Biological Society of Washington
Vol. 81, pp. 439-472 30 December 1968 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON BATHYAL MYODOCOPID OSTRACODA FROM THE NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BY LOUIS S. KORNJCKEB Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Myodocopid ostracods of the deeper waters of the Gulf of Mexico are virtually unknown . only 1 species, Cypridina fla- tus Tressler, 1949, having been previously reported from 1200 meters near Tortugas (Tressler, 1949, p. 336, p. 431). There- fore, I was quite pleased to receive from Dr. Willis E. Pequeg- nat and Mr. Thomas J. Bright a small collection containing myodocopid ostracods collected in a mid-water trawl that acci- dentally dragged along the bottom at a depth of 1000-1200 meters for 1.5 hours during the Texas A&M University cruise 66-A-9 of the R/V Alaminos on July 11, 1966. The Myodo- copida are described in the systematic part of this paper. Os- tracods in the sample are listed below: Order Myodocopida Suborder Myodocopina Superfamily Cypridinacea Tetragonodon rhamphodes new species 19 Paramekodon poidseni new species 19 Bathyvargula optilus new species 299,1 juv. Suborder Halocypridina Superfamily Halocypridacea Conchoecia atlantica (Lubbock) 2 9 9 Conchoecia valdimae Muller 2 9 9 Conchoecia macrocheira Muller 1 9 45—PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. 81, 1968 (439) 440 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Order Poclocopida (ident. by Drs. R. H. Benson and R. F. Maddocks) Suborder Podocopina Bairdoppilata ?hirsuta (Brady) 19,4 MT shells Bairdia new species 29 9,9 MT shells. 2 single valves Echinocythereis echinata (Sars) 1 single valve Four specimens of bottom fish collected in the trawl con- tained ostracods in their stomachs or intestines: Nezumia hildebrandi (2 specimens), Dicrolene intronigra (1 specimen), and Dicromita agassizii (1 specimen).