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Understandings:

• 11.3.U1 Animals are either osmoregulators or osmoconformers. • 11.3.U2 The Malpighian tubule system in insects and the kidney carry out osmoregulaon and removal of nitrogenous Human Physiology wastes. • 11.3.U3 The composion of blood in the renal artery is Topic 11 different from that in the renal vein. • 11.3.U4 The ultrastructure of the glomerulus and Bowman’s 11.3 The Kidney and Osmoregulaon capsule facilitate ultrafiltraon. • Essenal idea: All animals excrete nitrogenous waste 11.3.U5 The proximal convoluted tubule selecvely products and some animals also balance water and solute reabsorbs useful substances by acve transport. • concentraons. 11.3.U6 The loop of Henlé maintains hypertonic condions in the medulla.

Understandings: Applicaons:

• 11.3.U7 ADH controls reabsorpon of water in the collecng • 11.3.A1 Consequences of dehydraon and overhydraon. duct. • 11.3.A2 Treatment of kidney failure by hemodialysis or • 11.3.U8 The length of the loop of Henlé is posively kidney transplant. correlated with the need for water • 11.3.A3 Blood cells, glucose, proteins and drugs are detected • conservaon in animals. in urinary tests. • 11.3.U9 The type of nitrogenous waste in animals is correlated with evoluonary history and habitat. Skills:

• 11.3.S1 Drawing and labeling a diagram of the human kidney. • 11.3.S2 Annotaon of diagrams of the nephron

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I. Excreon of Wastes II. Different Responses to Changes in Osmolarity in the Environment

A. Excreon is the removal of waste products of metabolism A. Animals are either osmoregulators or osmoconformers- from the body. Defecaon of feces is not the waste product of metabolism, it is the removal of undigested food 1. Most metabolic waste is in the form of nitrogen.

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III. The Malpighian Tubule System III. Comparing the Composion of Blood in the Renal Artery to Vein

A. The Malpighian tubule system in insects and the kidney carry B. The urinary (excretory) system filters blood and produces out osmoregulaon and removal of nitrogenous wastes- urine-

Biology-Forums i-Biology

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Drawing the Human Kidney III. Comparing the Composion of Blood in the Renal Artery to Vein

A. Drawing and labeling a diagram of the human kidney- A. The composion of blood in the renal artery is different from Sketch and label the kidney (Draw it Neat) that in the renal vein- 1. The kidney’s is blood’s filtraon and balancing system

Medulla Reabsorpon Balanced blood of water cortex Ultrafiltraon and selecve reabsorpon of blood contents

Unbalanced blood

Carries urine to bladder

pelvis Collecng ducts deliver urine to the pelvis to be passed on the ureter i-Biology

III. Comparing the Composion of Blood in the Renal Artery to Vein IV. The Nephron

2. Balancing the blood A. The nephron is the funconal unit of the kidney. 1. There are around one million nephrons in each kidney Cortex 1. Ultrafiltraon

2. Reabsorpon of - glucose Medulla - salt 3. Osmoregulaon - water -water - salt

Pelvis 4. Excreon - urea - toxins - excess water - excess salt - excess ions i-Biology i-Biology

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Drawing the Nephron

A. Annotaon of Diagrams of the Nephron- Sketch and label the nephron (Draw it Neat)

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