DOCSLIB.ORG

Possible Role of Histamine Receptors in the Central Regulation of Immune Responses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Possible Role of Histamine Receptors in the Central Regulation of Immune Responses Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 44 (2): 153-160 POSSIBLE ROLE OF HISTAMINE RECEPTORS IN THE CENTRAL REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES A. K. MOHARANA, S. K. BHATTACHARYA, P. K. MEDIRATTA AND K. K. SHARMA* Department of Pharmacology, UniversitY College of Medical Sciences & GTE Hospital, Shahdara, Delhi - 110 095 ( Received on April 24, 1999 ) Abstract: The present study was designed to delineate the role of H1- and - H2 histamine receptors in the neuro-immune regulation in rats. The effects - of H1 and Hz-receptor antagonists on humoral and cell-mediated immune (HI and CM!) responses were investigated after intraperitoneal (ip) and intra-cerebroventricular (icv) administration. HI response was assayed by anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody titre in presence and absence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). The CMI responses were evaluated by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction (in vivo), i.e., measurement of footpad thickness, and lymphokine activity such as leucocyte migration inhibition (LM!) test (in uitro). On ip administration, both H)- (pheniramine and astemizole) and H2-receptor antagonists (ranitidine and cimetidine) were observed to produce significant enhancement of anti-SRBC antibody - response. However, only H2 and not H)-receptor blockers were observed to stimulate CMI response significantly. When administered by icv route, only H2-receptor antagonists caused a statistically significant increase in both HI and CMI responses, while the H)-receptor blockers failed to modify the same. Thus, H2-receptors appear to playa major role in the histaminergic mechanisms involved in immunomodulation both at the level of immunocompetent cells active in the peripheral tissues as well as through the central nervous system structures involved in the central regulation of neuro-immune interaction. Key words: histamine receptors humoral immune response neuro-immune interaction cell-mediated immune response INTRODUCTION to have immunosuppressive effect on both the CMI and HI responses (4). These Several studies have pointed out a close inhibitory effects are mediated through both link between the brain, endocrine and the H)- and/or H2-histamine receptors in immune mechanisms (1, 2). Thus, either animals and human (5-8). As a increasing the synthesis or depleting the neurotransmitter, functions of histamine in central neurotransmitters have affected both various neural processes are well established humoral- and cell-mediated immune (HI and (9-10), But though the peripheral role of CMI, respectively) responses (3). Histamine, histamine at various levels of immune one of the biogenic amines has been observed interactions has been explored extensively, *Corresponding Author 154 Moharana et al Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 44(2) its role in the CNS-mediated immune Hoechst, Bombay), ranitidine and cimetidine mechanisms remains largely unanswered. (Torrent Pharmaceutical Ltd, Ahmedabad) The important integrative regions of the were used. Pilot experiments were brain associated with immune system appear performed to find out the effective ip to be the hypothalamus and hippocampus. and icv doses based on earlier studies Most histaminergic fibres, that project to (14-17). the cortex, originate from cell bodies in these ihtegrative areas (10-12). Various EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND TREATMENT stressful conditions are associated with SCHEDULE FOR PERIPHERAL (lP) STUDIES: diminished immunity and central Assessment of humoral immune response histaminergic mechanisms observed to regulate different stress responses, Haemagglutination titre: Sheep red blood in experimental animal models, may corpuscles (SRBC) washed thoroughly and influence various immune interactions finally suspended in normal saline (0.9%), (10-13). In view of the above, the were injected in rats ip in 0.1 ml doses present study was designed to explore (25 x 106 cells) on 1st day. HI-blockers the role of histamine in- CNS-controlled (pheniramine maleate 10, 20 mg/kg, immune responses and the effects of astemizole 5, 10 mg/kg) and H2-receptor both H - and H -receptor blockers on HI 1 2 antagonists (r a n it idin e 10, 20 mg/kg, and CMI responses after intraperitoneal cimetidine 10, 20 mg/kg) were administered (i p ) and intra-cerebroventricular (i cv ) ip from day 2-6. A control group was administration were investigated. maintained with ip normal saline. On t» day rats were mildly anaesthetized with ether METHODS and blood was collected from retro-orbital plexus by using micro capillary technique. Animals The serum was separated and anti-SRBC antibody titre was measured by Adult male Wi star rats (150-200 g) haem agglutination technique according to bred in the Central Animal House of Herbert (18). Titration was also carried out the Institution were housed in controlled with antisera preincubated with O.lM 2- light (12th light - 12h dark cycle) and mercaptoethanol (2-ME) at 37°C for 60 temperature (22 ± 2°C) conditions with minutes for the estimation of 7S type of free access to food and water. The antibodies. The antibody titres were animals were assigned' to groups of expressed as log, of the reciprocal of the first eight rats/group and two animals were kept dilution where no visible agglutination was in one cage during the whole period of observed. experiment. Assessment of cell-mediated immune response Drugs and Doses Foot pad thickness: For the determination Astemizole (Ln d a ca Remedies Ltd, of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), after Bombay), ph en ir a m in e maleate CAvil, immunization with 1 x 108 SRBC ip on 1st Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 44(2) eNS Histamine Receptors in Immune Regulation 155 day, test groups of rats were treated with EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND TREATMENT the HI-blockers (pheniramine and astemizole) SCHEDULE FOR CENTRAL (lCV) STUDIES and H2-blockers (ranitidine and cimetidine) in the same doses as used for evaluation of A polyethylene cannula was fixed HI responses from day 2-6. Control stereotaxically in the right lateral ventricle groups treated with ip 0.9% saline were of rats under pentobarbitone sodium (40 mg/ run parallel with the test groups. On kg, ip) anaesthesia for icv administration of 7th day, the rats were challenged with 1 x 108 drugs. A post-operative recovery period of SRBC in the right hind foot-pad, whereas seven days was allowed prior to any further normal saline was injected in left hind experimental procedures. The correct foot pad (19). The increase in foot-pad position of cannula in the ventricle was thickness was measured 24 h after the ascertained at the time· of termination of challenge with the help of dial caliper experiment by injecting Evan's blue dye (21). (Mitutoyo, Japan). Starting from the day of immunization, the number of days of drug treatment and Leucocyte migration inhibition test: Rats procedures for measurement of immune were sensitized sc with 0.5 ml of egg albumin responses after icv administration were (25 mg/ml) mixed with equal volume same as described for peripheral of Freund's complete adjuvant on 1st administration, except the doses of drugs day. Test group animals were treated used for icv administration. The doses for HI-blockers used were: pheniramine 10, with different doses of HI-and H2-receptor blockers from day 2 to 14 after sensitization. 20 ug/r at, astemizole 5, 10 ug/rat, and for Blood was collected on 14th day after H2-blockers, ranitidine 10, 20 u g/r a t , cardiac puncture for the test. Viable cimetidine 10, 20 ug/r at. leucocytes were packed in heparinized capillary tubes and stubs of packed cells Statistical Analysis were made (20). The tubes were then placed on migration wells (chambers) loaded The results are presented as with growth medium with or without antigen. mean ± S.D. The data were analysed The wells were finally covered using Student's 't' test, Mann-Whitney with cov er slips and incubated for 20 h U test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 37°C. Area of migration in control as followed by F-test wherever applicable. well as antigen chambers was recorded P values less than 0.05 were considered on a centimeter graph sheet with the significant. aid of an overhead proj ector and percent leucocyte migration inhibition RESULTS (% LMI) was calculated by the following formula: - - Effect of ip administratin of H1 and H2 blockers on the humoral and cell-mediated 01 LMI _ (1 Area of migration in antigen chamber 10 - - ) x 100 immune responses: Significantly higher Area of migration in control chamber values of anti~SRBC antibody titre (P<0.05) 156 Moharana et al Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 44(2) 12 r-----------------------------------------~ were observed with Hj-blockers, albeit at higher doses (astemizole 10 mg/kg and '0 pheniramine 20 mg/kg) used, in comparison to the control (6.50 ± 1.41). Rats exposed to H2-blockers were found to have raised ::: ,,, '" '" o o • t'jllwli,lin •• (mw'kK) • Fig. 2: Effect of H,- and H"-receptor antagonists (i p) on anti-SRBC antibody titre in presence of Fig. 1: Effect of H,- and H2-receptor antagonists (i p) on anti-SRBC antibody titre in rats. Results 2-ME in rats. Results are expressed as -Iog, are expressed as -Iog, titre. Height of the bar titre. Height of the bar represents mean ± SD represents mean ± sb (n e S). (n e S). *P<0.05,**P<0.02 as compared to the control *P<0.05,**P<0.02 as compared to the control group. group. TABLE I: Effect of H,- and H2-receptor antagonists (ip) on cell-mediated immune response. Treatment % Increase in footpad % LeucocYte migra.tion (mg / kg, ipJ thickness inhibition Control (Saline) 21.43±2.26 36.45±6.12 Astemizole (5) 20.37±1.75 44.2G±9.20 Astemizole (10) 21.45±2.45 45.61±8.13 Pheniramine (10) 18.87±3.74 35.20±5.85 Pheniramine (20) 20.05±4.23 40.78±6.00 Ranitidine (10) 22.41±3.29 48.61±6.85 Ranitidine (20) 24.66± 1.97* 54.65±7.00* Cimetidine (10) 26.42±4.22* 53.26±5.75* Cimetidine (20) 27.71±3.15** 58.38±5.14** P<0.05; **<0.005 as compared to the control group.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mol.116.105981.Full.Pdf
    Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on September 13, 2016 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105981 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. MOL #105981 CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND PERSPECTIVES FOR HISTAMINE H1 AND H2 RECEPTOR PHARMACOLOGY. FUNCTIONAL SELECTIVITY, RECEPTOR CROSSTALK AND REPOSITIONING OF CLASSIC HISTAMINERGIC LIGANDS. Downloaded from Federico Monczor and Natalia Fernandez. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, ININFA. Universidad de Buenos Aires—Consejo molpharm.aspetjournals.org Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET. Buenos Aires, Argentina. at ASPET Journals on September 28, 2021 1 Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on September 13, 2016 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105981 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. MOL #105981 Running title: Current and perspectives for histamine receptors pharmacology. Corresponding author: Federico Monczor. Laboratorio de Farmacología de Receptores. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, ININFA. Universidad de Buenos Aires—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET. Junin 956 (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tel:+54-11-5287-4856. e-mail: [email protected]. Total text pages: 41 Downloaded from Tables: 2 Figures: 1 References: 125 molpharm.aspetjournals.org Abstract words: 222 Abbreviations: AML, acute myeloid leukemia; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; AC, adenylyl cyclase; IP, inositol
    [Show full text]
  • THE USE of MIRTAZAPINE AS a HYPNOTIC O Uso Da Mirtazapina Como Hipnótico Francisca Magalhães Scoralicka, Einstein Francisco Camargosa, Otávio Toledo Nóbregaa
    ARTIGO ESPECIAL THE USE OF MIRTAZAPINE AS A HYPNOTIC O uso da mirtazapina como hipnótico Francisca Magalhães Scoralicka, Einstein Francisco Camargosa, Otávio Toledo Nóbregaa Prescription of approved hypnotics for insomnia decreased by more than 50%, whereas of antidepressive agents outstripped that of hypnotics. However, there is little data on their efficacy to treat insomnia, and many of these medications may be associated with known side effects. Antidepressants are associated with various effects on sleep patterns, depending on the intrinsic pharmacological properties of the active agent, such as degree of inhibition of serotonin or noradrenaline reuptake, effects on 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors, action(s) at alpha-adrenoceptors, and/or histamine H1 sites. Mirtazapine is a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressive agent that acts by antagonizing alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and blocking 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors. It has high affinity for histamine H1 receptors, low affinity for dopaminergic receptors, and lacks anticholinergic activity. In spite of these potential beneficial effects of mirtazapine on sleep, no placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials of ABSTRACT mirtazapine in primary insomniacs have been conducted. Mirtazapine was associated with improvements in sleep on normal sleepers and depressed patients. The most common side effects of mirtazapine, i.e. dry mouth, drowsiness, increased appetite and increased body weight, were mostly mild and transient. Considering its use in elderly people, this paper provides a revision about studies regarding mirtazapine for sleep disorders. KEYWORDS: sleep; antidepressive agents; sleep disorders; treatment� A prescrição de hipnóticos aprovados para insônia diminuiu em mais de 50%, enquanto de antidepressivos ultrapassou a dos primeiros.
    [Show full text]
  • Activation of 5-HT2C (But Not 5-HT1A) Receptors in the Amygdala Enhances Fear-Induced Antinociception: Blockade with Local 5-HT2C Antagonist Or Systemic fluoxetine
    Neuropharmacology 135 (2018) 376e385 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuropharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neuropharm Activation of 5-HT2C (but not 5-HT1A) receptors in the amygdala enhances fear-induced antinociception: Blockade with local 5-HT2C antagonist or systemic fluoxetine Lígia Renata Rodrigues Tavares a, b, Daniela Baptista-de-Souza a, c, * Azair Canto-de-Souza a, b, c, d, a Psychobiology Group, Department of Psychology/CECH- Federal University of Sao~ Carlos-UFSCar, Sao~ Carlos, Sao~ Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil b Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Sao~ Carlos, Sao~ Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil c Neuroscience and Behavioral Institute-IneC, Ribeirao~ Preto, Sao~ Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil d Program in Psychology UFSCar, Sao~ Carlos, Sao~ Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil article info abstract Article history: It is well-known that the exposure of rodents to threatening environments [e.g., the open arm of the Received 17 August 2017 elevated-plus maze (EPM)] elicits pain inhibition. Systemic and/or intracerebral [e.g., periaqueductal gray Received in revised form matter, amygdala) injections of antiaversive drugs [e.g., serotonin (5-HT) ligands, selective serotonin 5 March 2018 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)] have been used to change EPM-open arm confinement induced anti- Accepted 6 March 2018 nociception (OAA). Here, we investigated (i) the role of the 5-HT and 5-HT receptors located in the Available online 13 March 2018 1A 2C amygdaloid complex on OAA as well as (ii) the effects of systemic pretreatment with fluoxetine (an SSRI) on the effects of intra-amygdala injections of 8-OH-DPAT (a 5-HT1A agonist) or MK-212 (a 5-HT2C agonist) Keywords: fi Amygdala on nociception in mice con ned to the open arm or enclosed arm of the EPM.
    [Show full text]
  • Histamine Receptors
    Tocris Scientific Review Series Tocri-lu-2945 Histamine Receptors Iwan de Esch and Rob Leurs Introduction Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division Histamine is one of the aminergic neurotransmitters and plays of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit an important role in the regulation of several (patho)physiological Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The processes. In the mammalian brain histamine is synthesised in Netherlands restricted populations of neurons that are located in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus.1 Dr. Iwan de Esch is an assistant professor and Prof. Rob Leurs is These neurons project diffusely to most cerebral areas and have full professor and head of the Division of Medicinal Chemistry of been implicated in several brain functions (e.g. sleep/ the Leiden/Amsterdam Center of Drug Research (LACDR), VU wakefulness, hormonal secretion, cardiovascular control, University Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Since the seventies, thermoregulation, food intake, and memory formation).2 In histamine receptor research has been one of the traditional peripheral tissues, histamine is stored in mast cells, eosinophils, themes of the division. Molecular understanding of ligand- basophils, enterochromaffin cells and probably also in some receptor interaction is obtained by combining pharmacology specific neurons. Mast cell histamine plays an important role in (signal transduction, proliferation), molecular biology, receptor the pathogenesis of various allergic conditions. After mast cell modelling and the synthesis and identification of new ligands. degranulation, release of histamine leads to various well-known symptoms of allergic conditions in the skin and the airway system. In 1937, Bovet and Staub discovered compounds that antagonise the effect of histamine on these allergic reactions.3 Ever since, there has been intense research devoted towards finding novel ligands with (anti-) histaminergic activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Current and Experimental Therapeutics of Insomnia
    133 CURRENT AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS OF INSOMNIA DANIEL J. BUYSSE CYNTHIA M. DORSEY 15% (4,5). Epidemiologic studies point to a consistent set of risk factors for insomnia. These include a previous history INSOMNIA: DEFINITIONS, IMPACT, AND of insomnia, increasing age, female gender, psychiatric DIAGNOSIS symptoms and disorders, medical symptoms and disorders, impaired activities of daily living, anxiolytic and hypnotic Definition of Insomnia Symptoms and medication use, and low socioeconomic status. The increas- Disorders ing prevalence of insomnia with age may be explained in large part by increasing comorbidity with medical and psy- Insomnia can refer to either a symptom or clinical disorder. chiatric disorders and medication use. The incidence of in- The symptom of insomnia is the subjective complaint of somnia also increases with age and is greater in women than difficulty falling or staying asleep, poor quality sleep, or men. On the other hand, remission of insomnia decreases inadequate sleep duration, despite having an adequate op- with age and is less common in women. Together, preva- portunity for sleep. Two points in this definition deserve lence, incidence, and remission data indicate that insomnia specific attention. First, insomnia is a subjective complaint is often a chronic condition. Between 50% and 80% of not currently defined by laboratory test results or a specific individuals with insomnia at baseline have a persistent com- duration of sleep or wakefulness. Second, the insomnia plaint after follow-up intervals of 1 to 3.5 years (1,6–8). symptom occurs despite the individual having adequate op- portunity to sleep. This distinguishes insomnia from sleep deprivation, which has different causes, consequences, and Impact of Insomnia clinical presentations.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Amitriptyline
    children Review Beyond Amitriptyline: A Pediatric and Adolescent Oriented Narrative Review of the Analgesic Properties of Psychotropic Medications for the Treatment of Complex Pain and Headache Disorders Robert Blake Windsor 1,2,*, Michael Sierra 2,3, Megan Zappitelli 2,3 and Maria McDaniel 1,2 1 Division of Pediatric Pain Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29607, USA; [email protected] 2 School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29607, USA; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (M.Z.) 3 Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29607, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 25 November 2020; Published: 2 December 2020 Abstract: Children and adolescents with recurrent or chronic pain and headache are a complex and heterogenous population. Patients are best served by multi-specialty, multidisciplinary teams to assess and create tailored, individualized pain treatment and rehabilitation plans. Due to the complex nature of pain, generalizing pharmacologic treatment recommendations in children with recurrent or chronic pains is challenging. This is particularly true of complicated patients with co-existing painful and psychiatric conditions. There is an unfortunate dearth of evidence to support many pharmacologic therapies to treat children with chronic pain and headache. This narrative review hopes to supplement the available treatment options for this complex population by reviewing the pediatric and adult literature for analgesic properties of medications that also have psychiatric indication. The medications reviewed belong to medication classes typically described as antidepressants, alpha 2 delta ligands, mood stabilizers, anti-psychotics, anti-sympathetic agents, and stimulants.
    [Show full text]
  • Phase Ia and Ib Study of Amitriptyline for Ulnar Nerve Block in Humans
    Anesthesiology 2004; 100:1511–8 © 2004 American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. Phase Ia and Ib Study of Amitriptyline for Ulnar Nerve Block in Humans Side Effects and Efficacy Peter Fridrich, M.D.,* Sunil Eappen, M.D.,† Walter Jaeger, Ph.D.,‡ Eva Schernhammer, M.D., Dr.P.H.,§ Anthony M. Zizza, B.A.,ʈ Ging Kuo Wang, Ph.D.,# Peter Gerner, M.D.† Background: The antidepressant amitriptyline is used as an with opioid and adenosine receptors.8 In addition, ami- adjuvant in the treatment of chronic pain conditions. Among its ؉ triptyline has been shown to block various voltage-gated many actions, this drug also blocks ion channels, such as Na ϩ ϩ ϩ ion channels, including Na ,K , and Ca channels.9–12 Downloaded from http://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article-pdf/100/6/1511/356212/0000542-200406000-00025.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 channels. Preliminary animal studies suggested that amitripty- ϩ line would be a longer-lasting local anesthetic than bupiva- Because blocking Na channels is a major feature of caine, with potentially fewer side effects. Therefore, the authors local anesthetics, it was hypothesized that amitriptyline investigated the adverse effects and effectiveness of this drug may have local anesthetic properties. Further experi- when given for ulnar nerve blockade in human volunteers. mentation has shown that amitriptyline has greater effi- Methods: After obtaining written institutional review board cacy than both lidocaine and bupivacaine when used to approval and informed consent, a typical phase Ia trial was 13 conducted by administration to the ulnar nerve at the level of produce sciatic nerve blockade in rats.
    [Show full text]
  • Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists Potentiate Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Methamphetamine-Induced Accumbal Dopamine Release
    Neuropsychopharmacology (2004) 29, 705–717 & 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0893-133X/04 $25.00 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists Potentiate Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Methamphetamine-Induced Accumbal Dopamine Release 1,3,4 2,4 1,4 ,1 Patrik Munzar , Gianluigi Tanda , Zuzana Justinova and Steven R Goldberg* 1Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Department of Health 2 and Human Services, Baltimore, MD, USA; Psychobiology Section, Medications Discovery Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD, USA Methamphetamine administration increases brain levels of histamine and neuronal histamine attenuates several of methamphetamine’s behavioral effects. The role of different subtypes of histamine receptors in this negative feedback, however, remains unclear. There is some evidence on possible involvement of histamine H3 receptors in these actions of methamphetamine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of two histamine H3 receptor antagonists, clobenpropit and thioperamide, on rewarding and neurochemical effects of methamphetamine utilizing three in vivo methodologies, drug self-administration, drug discrimination, and microdialysis in Sprague–Dawley rats. In rats self-administering methamphetamine intravenously under a fixed-ratio schedule, presession treatment with thioperamide (1.0–3.0 mg/kg, subcutaneous, s.c.) or clobenpropit (1.0–3.0 mg/kg, s.c.) potentiated the reinforcing effects of methamphetamine, as indicated by a dose-dependent increase in responding for a low 0.03 mg/kg dose of methamphetamine, that by itself failed to maintain responding above saline substitution levels, and a decrease in responding for a higher 0.06 mg/kg training dose of methamphetamine.
    [Show full text]
  • Antihistaminergics and Inverse Agonism. Potential Therapeutic Applications, European Journal of Pharmacology, 10.1016/J.Ej- Phar.2013.06.027
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CONICET Digital Author's Accepted Manuscript Antihistaminergics and inverse agonism. Po- tential therapeutic applications Federico Monczor, Natalia Fernandez, Carlos P. Fitzsimons, Carina Shayo, Carlos Davio www.elsevier.com/locate/ejphar PII: S0014-2999(13)00496-2 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.027 Reference: EJP68687 To appear in: European Journal of Pharmacology Received date: 27 February 2013 Revised date: 7 June 2013 Accepted date: 21 June 2013 Cite this article as: Federico Monczor, Natalia Fernandez, Carlos P. Fitzsimons, Carina Shayo, Carlos Davio, Antihistaminergics and inverse agonism. Potential therapeutic applications, European Journal of Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.ej- phar.2013.06.027 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Antihistaminergics and inverse agonism. Potential therapeutic applications. Federico Monczor1,4, Natalia Fernandez1,4, Carlos P. Fitzsimons2, Carina Shayo3,4 and Carlos Davio1,4. From Laboratorio de Farmacología de Receptores, Cátedra de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires 1, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2, Laboratorio de Farmacología y Patología Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental 3; and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4 Running head: G-protein sequestering by GPCR inverse agonists.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanisms of Nausea and Vomiting: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances in Intracellular Emetic Signaling Systems
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Mechanisms of Nausea and Vomiting: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances in Intracellular Emetic Signaling Systems Weixia Zhong 1, Omar Shahbaz 2, Garrett Teskey 1, Abrianna Beever 3, Nala Kachour 3, Vishwanath Venketaraman 1,3 and Nissar A. Darmani 1,* 1 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; [email protected] (W.Z.); [email protected] (G.T.); [email protected] (V.V.) 2 School of Medicine, Universidad Iberoamericana, Av. Francia 129, Santo Domingo 10203, Dominican Republic; [email protected] 3 Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (N.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-909-469-5654 Abstract: Nausea and vomiting are common gastrointestinal complaints that can be triggered by diverse emetic stimuli through central and/or peripheral nervous systems. Both nausea and vomiting are considered as defense mechanisms when threatening toxins/drugs/bacteria/viruses/fungi enter the body either via the enteral (e.g., the gastrointestinal tract) or parenteral routes, including the blood, skin, and respiratory systems. While vomiting is the act of forceful removal of gastrointestinal contents, nausea is believed to be a subjective sensation that is more difficult to study in nonhuman species. In this review, the authors discuss the anatomical structures, neurotransmitters/mediators, Citation: Zhong, W.; Shahbaz, O.; and corresponding receptors, as well as intracellular emetic signaling pathways involved in the Teskey, G.; Beever, A.; Kachour, N.; processes of nausea and vomiting in diverse animal models as well as humans.
    [Show full text]
  • The Serotonergic System and Cognitive Function
    Review Article • DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2016-0007 • Translational Neuroscience • 7 • 2016 • 35-49 Translational Neuroscience THE SEROTONERGIC SYSTEM AND Dubravka Švob Štrac*#, Nela Pivac, COGNITIVE FUNCTION Dorotea Mück-Šeler# Abstract Division of Molecular Medicine, Symptoms of cognitive dysfunction like memory loss, poor concentration, impaired learning and executive Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia functions are characteristic features of both schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognition in healthy subjects and neuropsychiatric patients are not completely #These authors contributed equally understood. Studies have focused on serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as one of the possible cognition- related biomarkers. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current literature on the role of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system in cognitive function, particularly in AD and schizophrenia. The role of the 5-HTergic system in cognition is modulated by the activity and function of 5-HT receptors (5-HTR) classified into seven groups, which differ in structure, action, and localization. Many 5-HTR are located in the regions linked to various cognitive processes. Preclinical studies using animal models of learning and memory, as well as clinical in vivo (neuroimaging) and in vitro (post-mortem) studies in humans have shown that alterations in 5-HTR activity influence cognitive performance. The current evidence implies that reduced 5-HT neurotransmission negatively influences cognitive functions and that normalization of 5-HT activity may have beneficial effects, suggesting that 5-HT and 5-HTR represent important pharmacological targets for cognition enhancement and restoration of impaired cognitive performance in neuropsychiatric disorders.
    [Show full text]
  • Antidepressants: Mechanism of Action, Toxicity and Possible Amelioration
    Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering Research Article Open Access Antidepressants: mechanism of action, toxicity and possible amelioration Abstract Volume 3 Issue 5 - 2017 Depression being a state of sadness may be defined as a psychoneurotic disorder Khushboo, Sharma B characterised by mental and functional activity, sadness, reduction in activity, Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, India difficulty in thinking, loss of concentration, perturbations in appetite, sleeping, and feelings of dejection, hopelessness and generation of suicidal tendencies. It Correspondence: B Sharma, Department of Biochemistry, is a common and recurrent disorder causing significant morbidity and mortality University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, UP, India, worldwide. The antidepressant compounds used against depression are reported to Email [email protected] be used also for treating pain, anxiety syndromes etc. They have been grouped in five different categories such as Received: June 29, 2017 | Published: September 01, 2017 i. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) ii. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) iii. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) iv. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and v. Non-TCA antidepressants based on their mode of action. Most of the antidepressants have been reported to possess adverse effects on the health of users. The present review article focuses on an updated current of antidepressants, their mechanism of actions, pathophysiology of these compounds, their side effects and
    [Show full text]