Intermountain Region Resource Management in This Issue
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Intermountain Region National Park Service Resource Management U.S. Department of the Interior Crossroads in Science Where the Intermountain Region’s Resource Stewardship and Science Programs and Centers Meet Issue 2 Fall 2014 In This Issue... Introduction to the New Regional Director Feature Park – Glacier NP High Country Heritage Science Feature Program – Soundscapes and Night Skies Plus— Bat Conservation Glen Canyon Dam EIS Revisiting the C.H. Spencer Geologic Resources Division Assistance Invasive Mammal Research Planning for the Future Restoring Kolb Studio Geologic Map Completions Editorial Director: Nida Shaheen [email protected] Editor: Daisy Bailey [email protected] Visual Layout: Lori Kinser [email protected] Front Cover: Dark night skies over Natural Bridges National Park. (Credit: Dr. Tyler Nordgren) See the Natural Resources, Soundscapes & Night Skies feature program article on page 21. Contents IMR Welcomes New Regional Director ............................................................................. i NATURAL RESOURCES Feature Park — Ice Patch Archeology and Paleoecology in Glacier National Park: High Country Heritage Science .................................................... 1 NATURAL RESOURCES Denizens of the Night: What IMR is Doing on the Front Lines of Bat Conservation ......... 6 NATURAL RESOURCES Feature Program — Soundscapes and Night Skies Starry, Starry Nights on the Colorado Plateau .................................................................21 COLORADO RIVER BASIN COORDINATOR Exploring Uncharted Waters: Glen Canyon Dam EIS ......................................................28 NPS SUBMERGED RESOURCES Revisiting the Charles H. Spencer .....................................................................................35 GEOGRAPHIC RESOURCES New Training and Resource Material from the Geographic Resources Division ..............40 NATURAL RESOURCES The Uninvited Guests ......................................................................................................43 PLANNING Planning for the Future ....................................................................................................51 CULTURAL RESOURCES Pictures into the Past – Restoring the Kolb Studio ...........................................................58 GEOGRAPHIC RESOURCES Geology: The “Real” Story Behind the Scenery – Completing All 76 IMR Digital Geologic Map Datasets ...................................................62 IMR Crossroads – Resource Stewardship & Science Intermountain Region Welcomes New Regional Director ew beginnings are special occasions. I would like to extend a Nwarm welcome on behalf of myself and the Natural Resources Science and Stewardship directorate to Intermountain Region’s new regional director, Sue Masica. Sue comes from Alaska, where she worked as regional director for almost six years. In a recent interview about her new appointment, Sue said, “This is an opportunity to support employees in their eff orts to care for these specials places…I will listen carefully to their voices as we work together to preserve these treasures…” This second of edition of Crossroads in Science is a unique collection of voices from all over the region. The articles reveal the breadth of the Resource Stewardship and Science (RSS) directorate and how that work goes beyond the parameters of our specialized fi elds. Although the magazine focuses on science, this Tammy Whittington, Associate Regional Director, Resource Stewardship and Science (left), with Sue Masica, Regional Director, Intermountain Region (right). issue only exists because of RSS’s collaboration with employees from other offi ces, divisions, programs, parks, DOI bureaus, and universities. I would like to thank each of the authors for taking the time to write with enthusiasm and passion about your contributions to the region and the National Park Service. You have made creating this issue memorable. And fi nally, to the reader, I hope, no matter what fi eld or offi ce you work in, that you’ll not only enjoy this issue, but be inspired by these voices of the Intermountain Region. Tammy Whittington Associate Regional Director Resource Stewardship and Science i Glacier National Park IMR Crossroads – Resource Stewardship & Science —NATURAL RESOURCES— Feature Park— Glacier National Park Ice Patch Archeology and Paleoecology in Glacier National Park: High Country Heritage Science By Pei-Lin Yu. For more information contact: [email protected] Contributing Authors: Craig Lee, Robert Kelly, Ira Matt, Francis Auld, Kevin Askan, John Murray, Maria Nieves Zedeno, Frank Tyro, David Rockwell, Lon Johnson, Deirdre Shaw, Mike Durglo, Sr. Introduction: Emerging From the Ice fragment of basket, the tip A of a digging stick, the shaft of a spearthrower: very rarely do such items preserve in the archeological record. However, these works of ingenuity and craftsmanship have been discovered in near-perfect condition in ice and snow patches preserved for hundreds, Antler arrow point found in ice patch in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve. (Credit: http://frontierscientists.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/pointjagged.jpg) or even thousands, of years. Ice patches are formed when and frozen, including trees, a record of the animals and enough snow accumulates fragments of lighter vegetation people who found reasons to in places like the lee of and seeds, animal dung, animals travel into the high country. boulders to become thick themselves, and discarded or lost items from human hunters, Higher temperatures related enough to withstand summer to global warming endanger temperatures. Unlike glaciers, gatherers, and travelers. As this cycle repeats over the years, the ice patches and the delicate ice patches don’t move. organic contents within. Anything that falls onto an ice old snow stratifi es into layers of low-density ice that provide Shorter, warmer winters with patch can become encased winter rainfall erode ice patches 1 Fall 2014 quickly. After exposure, organic items have a short window of time before irrevocable loss, even if left undisturbed by animals or humans. For example, the fl etching on a lost arrow will detach within a year of exposure, sinew, which holds the point in place, will loosen shortly thereafter. According to ice patch archeologist Craig Lee, wood deteriorates in four or fi ve years, and bone or antler within 10 years. Ice Patch Archeology partners include researchers and experts from the University of Wyoming, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT), University of Colorado Boulder, Blackfeet Nation, University of Arizona, Glacier National Park, and the Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit. From left to right: Bob Kelly, University of Wyoming; Rachel Reckin, U.S. Forest Service; Dave Schwab, CSKT of the Flathead Reservation; Craig Lee, University of Colorado Boulder; Don Sam, CSKT of the Flathead Reservation. (Credit: Ira Matt) Ice Patch Archeology Team member paleobiological specimens like to survey and map the park’s Rachel Reckin discovers wood fragment at Glacier NP ice patch. animal remains, feces, frozen high priority ice patches and (Credit: R. L. Kelly) trees, and other natural items protect, and if necessary collect dating to before 7,500 years BP and curate, exposed cultural The NPS is charged with the (Before Present), all of which and paleo-biological items. stewardship of the material were literally frozen in time--in The proposal was unique traces of our natural and an ice patch. in its culturally-informed cultural heritage, and is also protocols for documentation, responsible for minimizing the New Frontiers in handling, and collection in full loss of these items. The NPS, Science: the Glacier partnership with tribal experts. and the Intermountain Region National Park Ice The project team includes (IMR) specifi cally, have parks Patch Archeology and members of the Confederated rich in ice patches. Recent Salish and Kootenai Tribes of discoveries in Rocky Mountains Paleoecology Project the Flathead Reservation, the National Park and just outside In the winter of 2010, Glacier Blackfeet Nation, the University Yellowstone National Park National Park convened a of Wyoming, the University have produced spectacular and multi-disciplinary team to of Colorado Boulder, and the unique archaeological materials: respond to the National Park University of Arizona as well a 10,000-year old atlatl Service’s call for climate-change as Glacier National Park’s foreshaft; a beautifully woven related research applications cultural resources program women’s basket fragment; and with an ambitious proposal and the Rocky Mountains 2 IMR Crossroads – Resource Stewardship & Science Cooperative Ecosystem Studies planning and execution that and ecosystems of Glacier NP, Unit (CESU). The proposal Glacier National Park intends as well as transformations of was fully funded in 2010 and to continue working with these systems over time. implemented through the team members under the Rocky Mountains CESU: the newly-formed Glacier Cultural Ice Core Organic Layers: The only cultural resources project Resources Management Group. Glacier Ice Patch team has supported that year by the pioneered, with the U.S. Ice National Park Service’s Climate What Have We Drilling Design and Operations Change Response Program. Learned So Far? Program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, a new Relationships and In three fi eld seasons, no technique for obtaining cores human-made artifacts have yet Capacity-Sharing from the unusually porous