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A Bibliography of Works on Reflexivity
A bibliography of works on reflexivity The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Peter Suber, A bibliography of works on reflexivity, in Self- Reference: Reflections on Reflexivity 259-362 (Peter Suber and Steven J. Bartlett 1987). Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4725021 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Peter Suber A Bibliography of \ \'orks on Reflexivity "I don't have to quote anybody else to say what I could say for myself." --Anon. Section One: Introduction . ·:Reflexivity" is the generic name for all kinds and species of CJrcu~an.ty. It includes the self-reference of signs, the self-appplication of pnn~J_Ples and predicates. the self-justification and self-refutation of propositiOns and inferences the self-fulfillment and self-falsification of pre?!ctions, the self-creati~n and self-destruction of logical and legal Cntilie~, the self-augmentation and self-limitation of powers, circular reasonmg, circular causation. cvclic and spiral recurrence, feedback ?ste~s, mutu~li.ty, recipr~city: and organic. fonn. .It includes the sallaciOus, the VICious, the tnvial, and the quesuon beggmg, but also the ound, the benign, the useful and the inescapable. It ranges from the Pro. sa1c· to the numinous, from' the paradoxical to the self-evident, from ~Ience to religion. -
Pragmatism, Holism, and the Concept of Law
Pragmatism, Holism, and the Concept of Law Adam Michał Dyrda* equally, most commonplace) accusations against a cer- Abstract tain legal theory is the ‘methodological objection’ (MO). In its general form, it is as follows: When discussing O. W. Holmes’s answer to the question What constitutes the law? Morton White underlines the (MO) The discussed theory fails because it uses the fact that Holmes’s inquiry didn’t focus on developing the wrong methodology and asks the wrong questions, concept of law. White states: ‘…Holmes said little in The which precludes the theory from reaching the right Path of the Law about the notion of legal authority, perhaps (adequate) conclusions. Without putting our ques- because he was interested not in what he called a “useless tions in the right way, we cannot grasp any substan- quintessence of all legal systems” but in “an accurate anat- tial answers, i.e. such answers that (at least) could omy of one”’. Such ambition (or lack of ambition) is charac- have a claim to adequacy.1 teristic of many pragmatic enterprises in the field of jurispru- dence. However, sometimes the opposition between legal It seems, then, that for researchers who use this argu- pragmatism and other legal theories is built upon a refer- ment against a particular theory T, the theory T fails on ence to the notion of the ‘nature’ or ‘essence’ of law. Many its own grounds because it asks the wrong questions legal philosophers who aim to reveal the very ‘nature of and, thus, receives inadequate answers. However, it is law’ (or ‘the concept of law’ as H. -
Frege and the Logic of Sense and Reference
FREGE AND THE LOGIC OF SENSE AND REFERENCE Kevin C. Klement Routledge New York & London Published in 2002 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2002 by Kevin C. Klement All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any infomration storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Klement, Kevin C., 1974– Frege and the logic of sense and reference / by Kevin Klement. p. cm — (Studies in philosophy) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-415-93790-6 1. Frege, Gottlob, 1848–1925. 2. Sense (Philosophy) 3. Reference (Philosophy) I. Title II. Studies in philosophy (New York, N. Y.) B3245.F24 K54 2001 12'.68'092—dc21 2001048169 Contents Page Preface ix Abbreviations xiii 1. The Need for a Logical Calculus for the Theory of Sinn and Bedeutung 3 Introduction 3 Frege’s Project: Logicism and the Notion of Begriffsschrift 4 The Theory of Sinn and Bedeutung 8 The Limitations of the Begriffsschrift 14 Filling the Gap 21 2. The Logic of the Grundgesetze 25 Logical Language and the Content of Logic 25 Functionality and Predication 28 Quantifiers and Gothic Letters 32 Roman Letters: An Alternative Notation for Generality 38 Value-Ranges and Extensions of Concepts 42 The Syntactic Rules of the Begriffsschrift 44 The Axiomatization of Frege’s System 49 Responses to the Paradox 56 v vi Contents 3. -
Between Meaning and Essence Explaining Necessary Truth
This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Between meaning and essence explaining necessary truth Schieder-Hestermann, Jakob Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 Between Meaning and Essence - Explaining Necessary Truth Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.) eingereicht an der Philosophischen Fakultät I der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin im Rahmen des Joint PhD Programms mit dem King’s College London Dissertation submitted to Philosophischen Fakultät I of Humboldt University Berlin as part of the Joint-PhD Program between Humboldt University Berlin and King’s College London von/by Jakob Schieder-Hestermann Präsidentin der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin: Prof. -
Remedying Some Defects in the History of Analyticity John Michael Carpenter
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 Remedying Some Defects in the History of Analyticity John Michael Carpenter Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES REMEDYING SOME DEFECTS IN THE HISTORY OF ANALYTICITY By JOHN MICHAEL CARPENTER A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Philosophy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2012 Copyright © 2012 John Carpenter All Rights Reserved John Carpenter defended this dissertation on October 31, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: Russell Dancy Professor Directing Dissertation Michael Kaschak University Representative Michael Bishop Committee Member J. Piers Rawling Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am delighted to have this opportunity to thank my committee members— Dr. Michael Bishop, Dr. Russell Dancy, Dr. Michael Kaschak, and Dr. J. Piers Rawling—not just for their support and attention directly related to this dissertation, but also for what I have learned from each throughout the years of taking their seminars and enjoying their company. Dr. Dancy, my supervisor, deserves special mention as one who was always willing to share his encyclopedic knowledge of philosophy, and who bore our philosophical disagreements with equanimity. I have benefitted from discussions with, and advice from Dr. Joshua Gert, John K. Harvey, Dr. -
Introduction to Philosophical Methods PHIL11132/PHIL11008 Msc/Pgdipl/Pgcert
Epistemology, Ethics and Mind SCHOOL of PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY Online MSc/PGDipl/PGCert and LANGUAGE SCIENCES Introduction to Philosophical Methods PHIL11132/PHIL11008 MSc/PGDipl/PGCert Course Organiser: Prof. Jesper Kallestrup Course Lecturers: Dr Alistair Isaac Prof. Jesper Kallestrup Dr Suilin Lavelle Dr Debbie Roberts Course Secretary: Ms. Lynsey Buchanan Learning Technologist Dr Simon Fokt Epistemology, Ethics and Mind SCHOOL of PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY Online MSc/PGDipl/PGCert and LANGUAGE SCIENCES Course aims and objectives This course offers an introduction to philosophical methodology, with a particular focus on thought experiments, conceptual analysis and the role of rational intuitions. Conceptual analysis was once considered to be of primary concern to philosophers: to understand what a particular property is, such as being morally good, being conscious, being caused, or being known, one must produce necessary and sufficient conditions for something to fall under the concept of that property. Moreover, such conditions must be spelled out in a way that is independent of the concept in question. For instance, to say that someone falls under the concept of pain if and only if they are in pain is uninformative. Next to all such analyses have been confronted with counterexamples that rely on rational intuitions about how to describe possible cases. For instance, to say that someone falls under the concept of pain if and only if they exhibit withdrawal behavior when prompted by tissue damage is informative, but also possibly false. Imagine a perfect actor pretending to suffer pain. In response, some philosophers have given up on conceptual analysis altogether, some have adopted various weaker kinds of conceptual entailments, and some have argued that such intuitions are defeasible if the conceptual analysis in question leads to an otherwise explanatorily powerful philosophical theory about the property in question. -
Handbook of the 1St World Congress on Logic and Religion
2 Handbook of the 1st World Congress on Logic and Religion 3 HANDBOOK OF THE 1ST WORLD CONGRESS ON LOGIC AND RELIGION João Pessoa, Abril 1-5. 2015, Brazil EDITED BY RICARDO SOUSA SILVESTRE JEAN-YVES BÉZIAU 4 Handbook of the 1st World Congress on Logic and Religion 5 CONTENTS 1. The 1st World Congress on Logic and Religion 6 1.1. Aim of the 1st World Congress on Logic and Religion 6 1.2. Call for Papers 1 1.3. Organizers 9 1.3.1. Organizing Committee 9 1.3.2. Scientific Committee 9 1.4. Realization 11 1.5. Sponsors 11 2. Abstracts 12 2.1 Keynote Talks 12 2.2 Contributed Talks 31 3. Index of names 183 3.1. Keynote Speakers 183 3.2. Contributed Speakers 183 6 Handbook of the 1st World Congress on Logic and Religion 1. THE 1ST WORLD CONGRESS ON LOGIC AND RELIGION 1.1. Aim of the 1st World Congress on Logic and Religion Although logic, symbol of rationality, may appear as opposed to religion, both have a long history of cooperation. Philosophical theology, ranging from Anselm to Gödel, has provided many famous proofs for the existence of God. On the other side, many atheologians, such as Hume, for example, have developed powerful arguments meant to disproof God’s existence. These arguments have been scrutinized and developed in many interesting ways by twentieth century analytic philosophy of religion. Moreover, in the Bible the logos is assimilated to God, which has been reflected in western philosophy in different ways by philosophers such as Leibniz and Hegel. -
The Problem of the Criterion1
The Problem of the Criterion1 Introduction: The problem of the criterion in epistemology raises certain fundamental questions concerning the methods a philosopher ought to use in arriving at both analyses of epistemic concepts and conclusions concerning legitimate principles of reasoning and justification. The answers one gives to these questions are thought to bear directly on the challenge of skepticism. The outcome of battles is often determined by the ground occupied by opposing forces. Interest in the problem of the criterion is often a function of the desire to occupy favorable ground in the battle with the skeptic. Despite the title of this paper, there are, I believe, at least two different problems one might associate with “the criterion.” One is, perhaps, best known through the work of Roderick Chisholm, whose various editions of Theory of Knowledge all devote a chapter to it. As Chisholm develops the problem, it concerns methodological questions concerning how to identify sources of knowledge or justified belief. But there is a closely related question concerning how to identify necessary and sufficient conditions for the application of epistemic concepts like knowledge and justified belief. In the following discussion I’ll distinguish these two methodological issues, and I’ll begin by looking at the question of how one should go about discovering the correct analysis of epistemic concepts. Metaepistemology and the Problem of the Criterion: Metaepistemological questions seek to uncover through philosophical analysis the nature of fundamental epistemic concepts or properties. In metaepistemology, we are interested in getting an account of what knowledge, evidence, justified belief, and so on are. -
Scott Soames, Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century: Volume 1: the Dawn of Analysis Princeton University Press, 2003
Philos Stud (2006) 129:637–643 DOI 10.1007/s11098-006-0015-3 DISCUSSION Scott Soames, Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century: Volume 1: The Dawn of Analysis Princeton University Press, 2003 R.M. Sainsbury Accepted: 27 March 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 The jacket of this first volume of the two volume work tells us that this is a history of analytic philosophy from 1900 to mid-century. Accordingly, we can properly eval- uate it under three heads: (1) the care and accuracy of the scholarship; (2) the light it throws on the relationships among the various activities it describes; and (3) the quality of the philosophical argumentation. Evaluated under the third, the book deserves high praise. It provides serious philosophy: arguments are carefully set out and taken to pieces, objections and possible responses are developed in an orderly way. Most readers will learn something of philosophical value, and even on the issues about which they disagree with Soames, they will find him a worthy and helpful opponent. In this respect the text provides a model to which students should aspire. Every page demonstrates one way in which philosophy can be done excel- lently, as will be no surprise to those familiar with Soames’s other work. Evaluated under the other two heads, however, the book in my judgement falls short. Not only are there historical inaccuracies, the approach to reading, evaluating and interpreting texts is one I find uncongenial; and the attempt to impose some kind of overall developmental themes on the material under discussion strikes me as unsuccessful. -
Propositions, Proxies and the Paradox of Analysis
Propositions, Proxies and the Paradox of Analysis Samuel Z. Elgin∗ July, 2021 Abstract I take some initial steps toward a theory of real definition, drawing upon recent developments in higher-order logic. I demonstrate that the resulting account allows for extremely fine-grained distinctions (i.e., that it can distinguish between any relata that differ syntactically), has desirable logical features and possesses the resources to resolve the paradox of analysis. Introduction Definition gives rise to a number of puzzles that are not altogether easy to resolve. There is, firstly, a paradox of analysis. It is unclear how any account could be both substantive and true. For an analysis to be substantive, its content must convey information that its object does not. But if an object and content differ informationally, then the content is not the same as its object, and so the putative analysis is false. Utilitarianism is undermined neither because it ignores the distinction between persons, nor by the plethora of acts’ unforeseen consequences, but rather by the mere fact that ‘is morally right’ differs in significance from ‘maximizes utility.’ And that old Aristotelian theory that to be human is, by definition, to be a rational animal is falsified neither by the theory of evolution nor by the systematic irrationality of our species, but rather by the fact that ‘is human’ differs in significance from ‘is a rational animal.’ The paradox suggests that the quest for analyses is doomed from the outset, for an account’s very substance undermines its truth. Another—and arguably intimately related—puzzle concerns the logic of definition. -
Frege's Theory of Sense and Reference
THEORIA, 2008, 74, 181–218 doi:10.1111/j.1755-2567.2008.00018.x Frege’s Theory of Sense and Reference: Some Exegetical Notes1 by SAUL A. KRIPKE The City University of New York, Graduate Center Abstract: Frege’s theory of indirect contexts and the shift of sense and reference in these contexts has puzzled many. What can the hierarchy of indirect senses, doubly indirect senses, and so on, be? Donald Davidson gave a well-known ‘unlearnability’ argument against Frege’s theory. The present paper argues that the key to Frege’s theory lies in the fact that whenever a reference is specified (even though many senses determine a single reference), it is specified in a particular way, so that giving a reference implies giving a sense; and that one must be ‘acquainted’ with the sense. It is argued that an indirect sense must be ‘immediately revelatory’ of its reference. General principles for Frege’s doctrine of sense and reference are sated, for both direct and indirect quotation, to be understood iteratively. I also discuss Frege’s doctrine of tensed and first person statements in the light of my analysis. The views of various other authors are examined. The conclusion is to ascribe to Frege an implicit doctrine of acquaintance similar to that of Russell. Keywords: Frege, sense and reference, indirect senses, immediately revelatory senses, tensed and first person statements, doctrine of acquaintance, backward road IN TRANSLATING Frege’s terms “Sinn” and “Bedeutung”, I follow Max Black’s translation as “sense” and “reference”, or “referent”. For a long time this was standard, although other translations have been proposed, and later some have thought that standard German usage should be followed in the translation of “Bedeutung”. -
Thoughts & Ways of Thinking
THOUGHTS & WAYS OF THINKING SOURCE THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS - Benjamin Brown - Thoughts and Ways of Thinking: Source Theory and Its Applications Benjamin Brown ]u[ ubiquity press London Published by Ubiquity Press Ltd. 6 Windmill Street London W1T 2JB www.ubiquitypress.com Text © Benjamin Brown 2017 First published 2017 Cover design by Amber MacKay All graphics used in cover design are licensed under CC0 and credited as follows: Silhouettes created by Freepik / Torah icon by Madebyoliver from www. flaticon.com / Scales icon by Freepik from www.flaticon.com / Telescope icon by macrovector from Freepik / Sunburst created by kjpargeter from Freepik / Ancient Greek characters by Fernando da Veiga Pessoa / Hebrew characters by Clker-Free-Vector-Images / Background texture by geralt Printed in the UK by Lightning Source Ltd. Print and digital versions typeset by Siliconchips Services Ltd. ISBN (Hardback): 978-1-911529-20-0 ISBN (PDF): 978-1-911529-21-7 ISBN (EPUB): 978-1-911529-22-4 ISBN (Mobi): 978-1-911529-23-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbh This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Interna- tional License (unless stated otherwise within the content of the work). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This license allows for copying any part of the work for personal and commercial use, providing author attribution is clearly stated. The full text of this book has been peer-reviewed to ensure high academic standards.