Tracing Sources of Nitrate in Rivers of Southern Alberta Using Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Boron Isotopes As Co-Tracers

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tracing Sources of Nitrate in Rivers of Southern Alberta Using Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Boron Isotopes As Co-Tracers University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2017 Tracing Sources of Nitrate in Rivers of Southern Alberta Using Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Boron Isotopes as Co-Tracers Kruk, Mary Krystin Kruk, M. K. (2017). Tracing Sources of Nitrate in Rivers of Southern Alberta Using Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Boron Isotopes as Co-Tracers (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28495 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/3699 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Tracing Sources of Nitrate in Rivers of Southern Alberta Using Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Boron Isotopes as Co-Tracers by Mary Krystin Kruk A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS CALGARY, ALBERTA APRIL, 2017 © Mary Krystin Kruk 2017 Abstract The natural and anthropogenic sources of nitrate (NO3) in the Bow River, Oldman River, and select tributaries of the Oldman River (OMR) in southern Alberta were determined by analyzing 15 18 11 a combination of δ NNO3, δ ONO3 and δ B values in surface water samples and in 15 18 11 anthropogenic nutrient end-members. The δ NNO3, δ ONO3 and δ B values of surface water revealed Bonnybrook WWTP effluent has the greatest influx of nutrient load to the Bow River and downstream of Calgary agricultural return flow water is an additional source of nutrients. Decreasing NO3 loads and NO3/B ratios downstream of Calgary indicated that there are also N- 15 11 removal processes occurring in this reach. The δ NNO3 and δ B values of the surface water in the OMR indicated a significant nutrient input by the Lethbridge WWTP effluent and tributaries displayed δ11B values heavily indicative of cow manure. Hence, boron isotopes are a useful co- tracer of nutrients in surface water. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Bernhard Mayer, for all the teaching, knowledge and guidance he provided during the course of this research project. I am truly grateful for all that I have learned through him and the spirit of independent research that he instilled. I am also thankful for the financial support of my project through the NSERC Discovery Grant. To Mike Nightingale, I cannot express how thankful I am for all the hours of scientific discussion, the assistance in the geochemistry lab, and the light conversation provided when things were going awry in my lab work, it was a pleasure. Thank you to Maurice Shevalier with all of the logistical and technical support provided during my project, things would never have run as smoothly without this. Thank you to the staff in the Isotope Science Laboratory: Steve Taylor, Andrew Kingston, Jesusa Pontoy, Niloufar Nadari and to Kerri Miller for all the assistance with my isotopic analyses and to Farzin Malekani for assistance with chemical analyses. Thanks to Dr. Michael Wieser for use of his laboratory and insight to my boron isotopic analyses. To all of the students and research associates in the Applied Geochemistry Group, and to my friends from other research groups, I cannot express how thankful I am to have worked with you and to and built friendships with you. This truly shaped my graduate school experience and left a lasting impression on me. I am grateful for everything from getting assistance outside my area of knowledge, to coffee breaks, to lunch club, to rock climbing/skiing/hiking/swimming breaks, they were all much needed and I enjoyed every minute. iii To Veronique, Nadine, Jess, Christine, Friderike, Carmen and Paul who all assisted me with my field work, thank you so much for the help and the company. Veronique, thank you for being my fellow Bond Girl in trips to the Wastewater Treatment Plants. Thank you to Susan Dooley and to all of those who work in the Department of Geoscience main office for providing such efficient administrative support during my project. Thank you to Dr. Benjamin Ellert from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for providing me with agricultural samples and the supplementary information, and to the research associates from INRA and BRGM in France who provided insight to my boron ion exchange experiment. Finally, I need to thank my family and friends who have given me life-long love and support, and to Paul who has only provided patience and encouragement during the ups and downs of my project. iv Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ...............................................................................................................v List of Tables .................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures ................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ...............................................................................................1 1.1 PROJECT RATIONALE ...............................................................................................1 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO ISOTOPE TRACING OF NO3 .................................................5 1.2.1 δ15N and δ18O of Nitrate .........................................................................................5 1.2.2 δ11B as a Tracer of Nutrient Sources ....................................................................11 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................18 Study Area ...............................................................................................19 2.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................19 2.1.1 Climate and Hydrology of Southern Alberta ........................................................23 2.1.2 Geology .................................................................................................................24 2.1.3 Soil Types .............................................................................................................25 2.1.4 Water and Land Use .............................................................................................26 2.2 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT PROCESSES ...........................................29 2.2.1 Pre-Treatment .......................................................................................................30 2.2.2 Primary Treatment & Clarifiers ............................................................................31 2.2.3 Secondary Treatment & Clarifiers ........................................................................31 2.2.4 Tertiary/Advanced Treatment ...............................................................................32 2.3 MANURE AND FERTILIZER ...................................................................................32 Sampling and Analytical Methods ......................................................35 3.1 FIELDWORK ..............................................................................................................35 3.1.1 Overview ...............................................................................................................35 3.1.2 Surface Water Sampling Sites ..............................................................................37 3.1.3 Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent Samples ....................................................41 3.1.4 Surface Water Sample Collection & Preparation .................................................41 3.2 LABORATORY ANALYSES ....................................................................................42 v 3.2.1 Physical and Chemical Data .................................................................................42 3.2.2 Solid Sample Preparation ......................................................................................43 3.2.3 Boron Ion Exchange .............................................................................................46 3.2.4 Isotope Ratios .......................................................................................................51 Discharge and Water Sources of Southern Alberta Rivers ...............57 4.1 DISCHARGE DATA...................................................................................................57 4.1.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................57 4.1.2 River Discharge Data ............................................................................................57 4.2 d2H AND d18O OF WATER .......................................................................................62 4.2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................62 4.2.2 Results ...................................................................................................................64
Recommended publications
  • Legislative Assembly of Alberta the 29Th Legislature Second Session Standing Committee on Alberta's Economic Future
    Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Second Session Standing Committee on Alberta’s Economic Future Ministry of Executive Council Consideration of Main Estimates Monday, May 16, 2016 7 p.m. Transcript No. 29-2-7 Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Second Session Standing Committee on Alberta’s Economic Future Sucha, Graham, Calgary-Shaw (ND), Chair Schneider, David A., Little Bow (W), Deputy Chair Anderson, Shaye, Leduc-Beaumont (ND) Carson, Jonathon, Edmonton-Meadowlark (ND) Connolly, Michael R.D., Calgary-Hawkwood (ND) Coolahan, Craig, Calgary-Klein (ND) Dach, Lorne, Edmonton-McClung (ND) Fitzpatrick, Maria M., Lethbridge-East (ND) Gotfried, Richard, Calgary-Fish Creek (PC) Hunter, Grant R., Cardston-Taber-Warner (W) Jansen, Sandra, Calgary-North West (PC) Panda, Prasad, Calgary-Foothills (W) Piquette, Colin, Athabasca-Sturgeon-Redwater (ND) Schreiner, Kim, Red Deer-North (ND) Starke, Dr. Richard, Vermilion-Lloydminster (PC)* Taylor, Wes, Battle River-Wainwright (W) * substitution for Richard Gotfried Also in Attendance Cooper, Nathan, Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills (W) Cyr, Scott J., Bonnyville-Cold Lake (W) Support Staff Robert H. Reynolds, QC Clerk Shannon Dean Senior Parliamentary Counsel/ Director of House Services Philip Massolin Manager of Research Services Stephanie LeBlanc Legal Research Officer Sarah Amato Research Officer Nancy Robert Research Officer Corinne Dacyshyn Committee Clerk Jody Rempel Committee Clerk Aaron Roth Committee Clerk Karen Sawchuk Committee Clerk Rhonda Sorensen Manager of Corporate Communications and Broadcast Services Jeanette Dotimas Communications Consultant Tracey Sales Communications Consultant Janet Schwegel Managing Editor of Alberta Hansard Transcript produced by Alberta Hansard Standing Committee on Alberta’s Economic Future Participants Ministry of Executive Council Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Little Bow Gets Bigger – Alberta's Newest River
    ALBERTA WILDERNESS Article ASSOCIATION Wild Lands Advocate 13(1): 14 - 17, February 2005 The Little Bow Gets Bigger – Alberta’s Newest River Dam By Dr. Stewart B. Rood, Glenda M. Samuelson and Sarah G. Bigelow The Little Bow/Highwood Rivers Project includes Alberta’s newest dam and provides the second major water project to follow the Oldman River Dam. The controversy surrounding the Oldman Dam attracted national attention that peaked in about 1990, and legal consideration up to the level of the Supreme Court over federal versus provincial jurisdiction and the nature and need for environmental impact analysis. A key outcome was that while environmental matters are substantially under provincial jurisdiction, rivers involve fisheries, navigation, and First Nations issues that invoke federal responsibility. As a consequence, any major water management project in Canada requires both provincial and federal review. At the time of the Oldman Dam Project, three other proposed river projects in Alberta had received considerable support and even partial approval. Of these, the Pine Coulee Project was the first to advance, probably partly because it was expected to be the least controversial and complex. That project involved the construction of a small dam on Willow Creek, about an hour south of Calgary. A canal from that dam diverts water to be stored in a larger, offstream reservoir in Pine Coulee. That water would then be available for release back into Willow Creek during the late summer when flows are naturally low but irrigation demands are high. Pine Coulee was generally a dry prairie coulee and reservoir flooding did not inundate riparian woodlands or an extensive stream channel.
    [Show full text]
  • Alberta Hansard
    Province of Alberta The 27th Legislature Second Session Alberta Hansard Thursday, March 12, 2009 Issue 14 The Honourable Kenneth R. Kowalski, Speaker Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 27th Legislature Second Session Kowalski, Hon. Ken, Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock, Speaker Cao, Wayne C.N., Calgary-Fort, Deputy Speaker and Chair of Committees Mitzel, Len, Cypress-Medicine Hat, Deputy Chair of Committees Ady, Hon. Cindy, Calgary-Shaw (PC), Leskiw, Genia, Bonnyville-Cold Lake (PC) Minister of Tourism, Parks and Recreation Liepert, Hon. Ron, Calgary-West (PC), Allred, Ken, St. Albert (PC) Minister of Health and Wellness Amery, Moe, Calgary-East (PC) Lindsay, Hon. Fred, Stony Plain (PC), Anderson, Rob, Airdrie-Chestermere (PC), Solicitor General and Minister of Public Security Parliamentary Assistant, Solicitor General and Public Security Lukaszuk, Thomas A., Edmonton-Castle Downs (PC), Benito, Carl, Edmonton-Mill Woods (PC) Parliamentary Assistant, Municipal Affairs Berger, Evan, Livingstone-Macleod (PC), Lund, Ty, Rocky Mountain House (PC) Parliamentary Assistant, Sustainable Resource Development MacDonald, Hugh, Edmonton-Gold Bar (L) Bhardwaj, Naresh, Edmonton-Ellerslie (PC) Marz, Richard, Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills (PC) Bhullar, Manmeet Singh, Calgary-Montrose (PC), Mason, Brian, Edmonton-Highlands-Norwood (NDP), Parliamentary Assistant, Advanced Education Leader of the NDP Opposition and Technology McFarland, Barry, Little Bow (PC) Blackett, Hon. Lindsay, Calgary-North West (PC), McQueen, Diana, Drayton Valley-Calmar (PC), Minister of Culture and Community Spirit Parliamentary Assistant, Environment Blakeman, Laurie, Edmonton-Centre (L), Morton, Hon. F.L., Foothills-Rocky View (PC), Deputy Leader of the Official Opposition Minister of Sustainable Resource Development Official Opposition House Leader Notley, Rachel, Edmonton-Strathcona (NDP), Boutilier, Guy C., Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo (PC) Deputy Leader of the NDP Opposition, Brown, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic and Ecologic Study of the Riverbottom Forest on St
    Great Basin Naturalist Volume 36 Number 3 Article 1 9-30-1976 A taxonomic and ecologic study of the riverbottom forest on St. Mary River, Lee Creek, and Belly River in southwestern Alberta, Canada Robert K. Shaw Cardston, Alberta, Canada Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Shaw, Robert K. (1976) "A taxonomic and ecologic study of the riverbottom forest on St. Mary River, Lee Creek, and Belly River in southwestern Alberta, Canada," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 36 : No. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol36/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Great Basin Naturalist Published at Provo, Utah, by Brigham Young University Volume 36 September 30, 1976 No. 3 A TAXONOMIC AND ECOI.OGIC STUDY OF THE RIVERBOTTOM FOREST ON ST. MARY RIVER, LEE CREEK, AND BELLY RIVER IN SOUTHW^ESTERN ALBERTA, CANADA Robert K. Shawi Abstr.\ct. — The riverbottom forest community of St. Mary River. Lee Creek, and Belly River in southvvestern Alberta. Canada, is a unique ecological entity characterized by poplar species hav- ing their major Alberta distribution along these streams. Stands in the community are dominated by three tree species, six shrub species, and nine herb species. Establishment of the community is dependent on climate and substrate; destruction is the result of progressive lateral stream-flow erosion.
    [Show full text]
  • Bow River Basin State of the Watershed Summary 2010 Bow River Basin Council Calgary Water Centre Mail Code #333 P.O
    30% SW-COC-002397 Bow River Basin State of the Watershed Summary 2010 Bow River Basin Council Calgary Water Centre Mail Code #333 P.O. Box 2100 Station M Calgary, AB Canada T2P 2M5 Street Address: 625 - 25th Ave S.E. Bow River Basin Council Mark Bennett, B.Sc., MPA Executive Director tel: 403.268.4596 fax: 403.254.6931 email: [email protected] Mike Murray, B.Sc. Program Manager tel: 403.268.4597 fax: 403.268.6931 email: [email protected] www.brbc.ab.ca Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 Overview 4 Basin History 6 What is a Watershed? 7 Flora and Fauna 10 State of the Watershed OUR SUB-BASINS 12 Upper Bow River 14 Kananaskis River 16 Ghost River 18 Seebe to Bearspaw 20 Jumpingpound Creek 22 Bearspaw to WID 24 Elbow River 26 Nose Creek 28 WID to Highwood 30 Fish Creek 32 Highwood to Carseland 34 Highwood River 36 Sheep River 38 Carseland to Bassano 40 Bassano to Oldman River CONCLUSION 42 Summary 44 Acknowledgements 1 Overview WELCOME! This State of the Watershed: Summary Booklet OVERVIEW OF THE BOW RIVER BASIN LET’S TAKE A CLOSER LOOK... THE WATER TOWERS was created by the Bow River Basin Council as a companion to The mountainous headwaters of the Bow our new Web-based State of the Watershed (WSOW) tool. This Comprising about 25,000 square kilometres, the Bow River basin The Bow River is approximately 645 kilometres in length. It begins at Bow Lake, at an River basin are often described as the booklet and the WSOW tool is intended to help water managers covers more than 4% of Alberta, and about 23% of the South elevation of 1,920 metres above sea level, then drops 1,180 metres before joining with the water towers of the watershed.
    [Show full text]
  • South Saskatchewan River Basin Adaptation to Climate Variability Project
    South Saskatchewan River Basin Adaptation to Climate Variability Project Climate Variability and Change in the Bow River Basin Final Report June 2013 This study was commissioned for discussion purposes only and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the Climate Change Emissions Management Corporation, which is funding the South Saskatchewan River Basin Adaptation to Climate Variability Project. The report is published jointly by Alberta Innovates – Energy and Environment Solutions and WaterSMART Solutions Ltd. This report is available and may be freely downloaded from the Alberta WaterPortal website at www.albertawater.com. Disclaimer Information in this report is provided solely for the user’s information and, while thought to be accurate, is provided strictly “as is” and without warranty of any kind. The Crown, its agents, employees or contractors will not be liable to you for any damages, direct or indirect, or lost profits arising out of your use of information provided in this report. Alberta Innovates – Energy and Environment Solutions (AI-EES) and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Alberta make no warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information contained in this publication, nor that use thereof infringe on privately owned rights. The views and opinions of the author expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of AI-EES or Her Majesty the Queen in right of Alberta. The directors, officers, employees, agents and consultants of AI-EES and the Government of Alberta are exempted, excluded and absolved from all liability for damage or injury, howsoever caused, to any person in connection with or arising out of the use by that person for any purpose of this publication or its contents.
    [Show full text]
  • Sediment Fingerprinting in the Lower Little Bow River Using Cs-137 As a Tracer
    Melody Caron et al. Sediment fingerprinting in the Lower Little Bow River Sediment fingerprinting in the Lower Little Bow River using Cs-137 as a tracer Melody Caron Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba David A. Lobb Department of Soil Science, Watershed Systems Research Program, University of Manitoba Jim J. Miller Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Kui Liu Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba Phillip N. Owens Environmental Science Program, University of Northern British Columbia The Lower Little Bow River watershed is a source of irrigation water for southeast Alberta. However, sediment in the river can be detrimental to both irrigation pump equipment and the health of the river. In order to understand and manage how sedi- ment moves through a watershed, a study of sediment sources was conducted along a reach of the Lower Little Bow River employing fingerprinting techniques. The radionuclide cesium-137 was used as a tracer to determine whether the sediment in the river is being generated by surface or subsurface erosion processes. The main sources of sediment were found from subsur- face erosion of an irrigation return-flow channel, coulee walls, and the river’s stream banks. This demonstrates that subsurface erosion is the principle generator of sediment in the Lower Little Bow. Through measurement of multiple points along the reach, the study also determined that the composition of the suspended sediment load did not change as it moved downstream in the river. Keywords: soil erosion, sedimentation, sediment fingerprinting, cesium-137, irrigation, Alberta Introduction tion, where an increase in nutrient concentration causes exces- The sources of suspended sediments in watersheds can be identi- sive algal growth on the surface of water (Barthod et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Vulcan County Subdivision & Development Appeal Board
    VULCAN COUNTY SUBDIVISION & DEVELOPMENT APPEAL BOARD November 2, 2020 Hearing No. DP50-2020 Applicant: Bernie Seifert LIST OF EXHIBITS A. Notice of Hearing and Location Sketch Map B. List of Persons Notified C. Notice of Appeal D. Notice of Municipal Planning Commission (MPC) Decision E. Request for Decision including Development Permit & supporting documentation F. Response from Alberta Culture & Tourism G. Response from Alberta Environment and Parks H. Development Officer’s Notes/Email regarding comments from Adjacent Landowners I. Notice of Application J. MPC Minutes (unapproved) K. Excerpts from Vulcan County Land Use Bylaw No. 2010-010 L. Excerpts from Vulcan County Municipal Development Plan Bylaw No. 2012-003 M. Excerpts from McGregor, Travers, Little Bow Reservoirs Area Structure Plan Bylaw No. 97-018 VULCAN COUNTY NOTICE OF SUBDIVISION AND DEVELOPMENT APPEAL BOARD HEARING Development Application DP50-2020 THIS IS TO NOTIFY YOU THAT IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 686 OF THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT ACT, REVISED STATUTES OF ALBERTA, 2000, CHAPTER M-26, AS AMENDED, A PANEL OF THE VULCAN COUNTY SUBDIVISION AND DEVELOPMENT APPEAL BOARD WILL HEAR AN APPEAL OF A DECISION BY THE: Municipal Planning Commission of Vulcan County with respect to Development Permit Application DP50-2020 APPLICANT/APPELLANT: Bernie Seifert LEGAL DESCRIPTION: That portion of the Southwest Quarter which lies south west of Reservoir Site on Plan 5099 GX within Section 1-15-22 W4M PROPOSAL: Private Campground DECISION: REFUSED with reasons PLACE OF HEARING: Vulcan County Council Chambers 102 Centre Street, Vulcan, Alberta DATE OF HEARING: November 2, 2020 TIME OF HEARING: 7:00 p.m. PERSONS WHO WISH TO SUBMIT A WRITTEN PRESENTATION MUST SUBMIT BRIEFS TO THE CLERK OF THE SUBDIVISION AND DEVELOPMENT APPEAL BOARD NO LATER THAN THE 28th DAY OF OCTOBER, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Research and Monitoring Project Directory - 2012
    WATERSHED SCIENCE TEAM RESEARCH AND MONITORING PROJECT DIRECTORY - 2012 CURRENT WATER-RELATED RESEARCH AND MONITORING PROJECTS IN THE OLDMAN WATERSHED OLDMAN WATERSHED MAP Contact the OWC: www.oldmanbasin.org • 403.382.4239 • [email protected] 1 WATERSHED SCIENCE TEAM WELCOME TO THE OLDMAN WATERSHED COUNCIL RESEARCH AND MONITORING PROJECT DIRECTORY! The Oldman Watershed Council (OWC) Watershed pesticides in the mountain Science Team is very excited to announce the second snowpack, to a national edition of the Research and Monitoring Project study to understand the Directory. This year, the focus includes both surface impact of hydropower and groundwater projects that are being conducted in generation on fish and fish the Oldman Watershed. habitat, to a project that uses citizen-science to This Directory promotes awareness about: monitor amphibians, to a WHO the organizations and individuals long-term groundwater conducting water–related projects are; monitoring project undertaken by Lethbridge WHAT the objectives (goals) of these projects College students and many are; more. Castle River. Photo—J. Smith. WHERE in the Oldman Watershed these projects are being conducted; Again this year, a diverse number of sectors participated WHEN these projects will be conducted (project in the Directory including academics, provincial and timeline); federal government agencies, municipalities, non- HOW these projects will be conducted government organizations, industry, consultants, First (experimental design); and Nations and recreational groups. WHY these research and monitoring projects are We would like to acknowledge the new and continued important to residents of the Oldman Watershed. support of all the project leads who volunteered their time From the Headwaters Region in the west to the and expertise for the Directory.
    [Show full text]
  • NA0425 Alberta
    2012 ALBERTA PROVINCIAL ELECTION RESULTS 1. Dunvegan-central Peace-Notley 73. Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills 2. Lesser Slave Lake 74. Peace River 3. Calgary-Acadia 75. Red Deer-North 4. Calgary-Bow 76. Red Deer-South 5. Calgary-Buffalo 77. Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre 6. Calgary-Cross 78. Sherwood Park 7. Calgary-Currie 79. Spruce Grove-St. Albert 8. Calgary-East 80. St. Albert 9. Calgary-Elbow 81. Stony Plain 74 59 10. Calgary-Fish Creek 82. Strathcona-Sherwood Park 11. Calgary-Foothills 83. Strathmore-Brooks 12. Calgary-Fort 84. Vermilion-Lloydminster 13. Calgary-Glenmore 85. West Yellowhead 14. Calgary-Greenway 86. Wetaskiwin-Camrose 15. Calgary-Hawkwood 87. Whitecourt-Ste. Anne 16. Calgary-Hays 58 17. Calgary-Klein 18. Calgary-Lougheed RED DEER 1 19. Calgary-Mackay-nose Hill 64 20. Calgary-McCall 21. Calgary-Mountain View 75 22. Calgary-North West 23. Calgary-Northern Hills 24. Calgary-Shaw 2 25. Calgary-South East 76 26. Calgary-Varsity 64 27. Calgary-West 28. Edmonton-Beverly-clareview 62 29. Edmonton-Calder LETHBRIDGE 30. Edmonton-Castle Downs 31. Edmonton-Centre 68 70- 65 32. Edmonton-Decore 33. Edmonton-Ellerslie 61 50 34. Edmonton-Glenora 48 52 35. Edmonton-Gold Bar 69 36. Edmonton-Highlands-norwood 37. Edmonton-Manning 38. Edmonton-McClung 53 85 87 39. Edmonton-Meadowlark 79 60 40. Edmonton-Mill Creek 81 EDMONTON 82 41. Edmonton-Mill Woods 84 56 67 42. Edmonton-Riverview 48 43. Edmonton-Rutherford 86 79 37 44. Edmonton-South West 45. Edmonton-Strathcona 30 51 80 60 66 46. Edmonton-Whitemud 29 32 47.
    [Show full text]
  • The 2013 Flood Event in the Bow and Oldman River Basins; Causes, Assessment, and Damages
    The 2013 flood event in the Bow and Oldman River basins; causes, assessment, and damages John Pomeroy1, Ronald E. Stewart2, and Paul H. Whitfield1,3,4 1Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8. Phone: (306) 966-1426, Email: [email protected] 2Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2 3Department of Earth Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6 4Environment Canada, Vancouver, BC, V6C 3S5 Event summary In late June 2013, heavy rainfall and rapidly melting alpine snow triggered flooding throughout much of the southern half of Alberta. Heavy rainfall commenced on June 19th and continued for three days. When the event was over, more than 200 mm and as much as 350 mm of precipitation fell over the Front Ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Tributaries to the Bow River including the Ghost, Kananaskis, Elbow, Sheep, Highwood, and many of their tributaries all reached flood levels. The storm had a large spatial extent causing flooding to the north and south in the Red Deer and Oldman Basins, and also to the west in the Elk River in British Columbia. Convergence of the nearly synchronous floodwaters downstream in the Saskatchewan River system caused record high releases from Lake Diefenbaker through Gardiner Dam. Dam releases in Alberta and Saskatchewan attenuated the downstream flood peak such that only moderate flooding occurred in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. More than a dozen municipalities declared local states of emergency; numerous communities were placed under evacuation order in Alberta and Saskatchewan. More than 100,000 people needed to evacuate their homes, and five people died.
    [Show full text]
  • Cardston-Taber-Warner
    Alberta Provincial Electoral Divisions Cardston-Taber-Warner Compiled from the 2011 Census of Canada and National Household Survey Introduction This report presents the statistical profile for the Provincial Electoral Division (PED) of Cardston-Taber-Warner. This profile is based on the electoral boundaries as defined by the Alberta Electoral Divisions Act, Chapter E-4.2, 2010. A PED is a territorial unit represented by an elected Member to serve in the Alberta Provincial Legislative Assembly. Data in this report have been specially tabulated from Statistics Canada’s 2011 Census of Canada and the 2011 National Household Survey, by allocation of Statistics Canada block face reference points to PEDs. These data include the following characteristics: age, sex, marital status, household types, language, Aboriginal identity, ethnic origin, place of birth, mobility, dwelling characteristics, education, labour force activity and income. The global non-response rate (GNR) for the PED of Cardston-Taber-Warner is 32.4%. The GNR combines both complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The GNR is an indicator of data quality, where a smaller GNR suggests more accuracy. When the GNR is 50% or above, the data are suppressed. The GNR is identified for each region. A higher GNR indicates the need for user caution. Users are advised to refer to the endnotes of this PED profile for further information regarding data quality and definitions. A map for this PED can be found at the end of the document. Should
    [Show full text]