CONTENTS

 HISTORY 05-13  Ancient History ...... 05  Medieval ...... 06  Modern History ...... 09  INDIAN CULTURE 14-17  Visual Arts ...... 14  Performing Arts ...... 15  Religion, Language and Literature ...... 15  Miscellaneous ...... 16  GEOGRAPHY 18  General Geography ...... 18  Geomorphology...... 18  Oceanography ...... 21  Climatology ...... 22  Bio-Geography ...... 24  Human and Economic Geography of the World ...... 24  Indian Geography ...... 27  World Regional Geography ...... 33  ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT 34-42  Environmental Ecology ...... 34  Biodiversity ...... 35  Resource Degradation and Management...... 37  Environmental Pollution ...... 37  Climate Change ...... 39  Environmental Governance ...... 40  INDIAN POLITY & GOVERNANCE 43-54  Evolution of the Constitution ...... 43  Salient Features of Indian Constitution ...... 43  Union & Its Territory ...... 44  Citizenship ...... 44  Fundamental Rights ...... 44  Directive Principles of State Policy (Dpsp) ...... 45  Fundamental Duties ...... 46  System of Governance ...... 46  Union Executive ...... 47  Union Legislature ...... 47  Union Executive ...... 48  State Legislature ...... 48  Local Government ...... 49  Union Territories and Special Areas ...... 49  The Judiciary ...... 49  Constitutional and Non Constitutional Bodies ...... 49  Political Dynamics ...... 51  Governance ...... 51  International Relations ...... 53  ECONOMY 55-59  Basic Concepts ...... 55  Economic Measurements ...... 55  Money and Banking ...... 56  Public Finance in India ...... 57  Planning ...... 57  Open Economy ...... 58  Economic Sectors ...... 58  SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 60-65  Science and Technology in India ...... 60  SPACE ...... 60  IT and Communication ...... 61  Materials, Nano Technology and ROBOTICS...... 63  Defence ...... 63  Nuclear Technology ...... 64  IPR and Other Miscellaneous Issues ...... 64  Biotechnology ...... 64  GENERAL SCIENCE 67-68  Biology ...... 67 UPSC - PRELIMS SYLLABUS 2019-20

HISTORY

ANCIENT HISTORY

1. Pre Historic Times " Geography of the Rig Vedic Period - Area of Settlement " Periodization of Indian Pre History " Political Organisation and Evolution of " Sources of Pre History Monarchy " Palaeolithic Or Old Stone " Social Organization " Mesolithic Or Middle Stone Age " Economy " Neolithic Age Or New Stone Age " Religious Practices and Culture " Chalcolithic Age " Major Chalcolithic Cultures 4. Later Vedic Period " Early Iron Age " Geography of the later Vedic Phases " Geographical Distribution and Characteristics - Area of Settlement " Political System 2. Indus Valley Civilization " Social Organisation and System " IVC Geography and Archaeological Findings " Economy  Major cities " Religious Practices and Culture  Town Planning " IVC Society and Culture 5. Jainism  Script and Language " Birth and Life of Mahavira (540- 468 B.C.)  Crafts " Teachings of Mahavira  Religions " Organisation and Sects of Jainism  Seals and Images " Literature of Jainism " IVC Economy " Councils, Spread and Royal Patrons  Harappan Trade  Agriculture 6. Buddhism  Domestication of animals " Birth and Life of Buddha (563-483 BC)  Weights and Measures " Teachings of Buddha " Decline of Harappan Culture " Organisation and Sects of Buddhism 3. Rig Vedic Period " Literature of Buddhism " Councils, Spread of and Royal Patronage " Sources for Reconstructing Vedic Society and Culture " Causes for the Decline

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7. Mahajanapadas Period 10. Gupta Period

" Republics and Monarchies " Sources of Gupta Rule " 16 Mahajanapadas " Rulers and Political history of Guptas " Magadha Chronology " Key Dynasties " Foreign Travellers Visit – Fahien’s Visit  Haryanka dynasty " Gupta Administration  Shishunaga Dynasty " Other Important Dynasties  Nanda Dynasty " Society Religion and Culture " Persian Invasions " Urban centres in Gupta period " Alexander’s Invasion " Economy " Society and Rise of urban centres " Science and Technology " Economy " Literature " System of Administration " Later Guptas 8. Mauryan Empire " Other Important Dynasties

" Sources: Inscriptions and Sites and 11. Harshavardhana Period Literary Sources (The Arthasastra) " Rulers and Political History of the Mauryas " Harsha Military Conquests  Chandragupta and Bindusara " Harsha and Buddhism  Megasthenes " Administration  Asoka and His Successors " Society and Culture " Asoka’s Inscriptions and Sites " Economy " Asokan Reign " Asoka and Buddhism 12. Sangam Period (South Indian " Asoka Policy of Dhamma Dynasties) " Mauryan Administration " Sangam Literature " Foreign Relations " South Indian Dynasties " Decline of the Mauryas  Cholas 9. Post-Mauryan India  Cheras  Pandyas " Society: Evolution of Jatis " " Satavahanas Sangam Polity, Society and Culture " " Sungas and Kanvas Economy of Sangam Period " Sakas " Foreign Dynasties " Kushanas " Commercial Contacts with the Outside World " Kanishka " Schools of Art

MEDIEVAL INDIA

1. Major Dynasties (750-1200) of Early " The Palas (8th to 11th Century) Medieval India " The Tripartite Confl ict " The Senas (11th to 12th Century) " The Pratiharas (8th to 10th Century) " The Rajaputas

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" Pallavas 5. Struggle for Empire in North India (Afghans, Rajputs and Mughals) " Chalukyas " Rashtrakutas " Struggle between Ibrahim Lodi and Babur " Indian Feudalism " The Battle of Panipat " Administration " Babur’s problems after the Battle of Panipat " " Society and Culture Struggle with RanaSanga " " Economy and the decline of Trade Problems of the Eastern Areas and the Afghans " Babur’s Contribution and Signifi cance of 2. Cholas and Other South Indian his Advent into India Kingdoms " Humayun and the Afghans " " Chola Rulers and Political History Early Activities of Humayun, and the Tussle with Bahadur Shah " Chola Administration " The Gujarat Campaign " Socio-Economic Life " The Bengal Campaign, and Struggle " Education and Literature with Sher Khan " The Cheras (9th to 12th Century) 6. The Establishment of the North " The Yadavas (12th to 13th Century) Indian Empire " Contact with South-East Asia " Social and Political Background of Bihar 3. Early Muslim Invasions and the Rise of Sher Shah to Power " The Sur Empire (1540-56) " The Arab Conquest of Sindh " Contributions of Sher Shah " Mahmud of Ghazni  Coinage " Muhammad Ghori  Architecture

4. The Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 7. Consolidation and Expansion of the AD) Empire - Akbar " Slave Dynasty " Con fl ict with the Afghans - Hemu " Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 AD)  2 nd Battle of Panipat " Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414 AD) " Struggle with the Nobility: Bairam Khan’s " Provincial Kingdoms and Resistance Regency; Revolt of Uzbek Nobles by Indian Chiefs " Early Expansion of the Empire " Sayyid Dynasty (1560-76) - Malwa, Garh-Katanga, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Eastern India " Lodi Dynasty " Relations with the Rajputs - Growth of a " Attacks by Mongolas and other Turks Composite Ruling Class " Administration " Rebellions, and Further Expansion " Economy of the Empire in the North West " Urbanization 8. State and Government under Akbar " Society and Culture " Akbar’s Concept of Suzerainty " Scienti fi c Knowledge and legal System " Structure of Government, Central and " Challenges leading to the decline of Provincial -the Vikalat, the Central Ministries, the Sultanate Provincial

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" Government, District and Local Government " Jahangir as a Ruler " The Working of Government - the Ruler, " State and Religion in the First Half of the Land-Revenue System, the Dahsala System, Seventeenth Century the Mansabdari System and the Army " Shah Jahan - Consolidation and Expansion of the Empire 9. Akbar’s Religious Views " Evolution of the Mughal Ruling Class and the Mansabdari System " Relations with the Ulama and Social Reforms " The Early Phase (1556-73) 13. Climax and Crisis of the Mughal " The Second Phase (1573-80) - the Ibadat Khana Empire: The Marathas and the " Debates - the Mahzar - Breach with Orthodox Deccan " Ulama - Re-organisation of " Rise of the Marathas - Early Career of Shivaji Madadd-i-Maash Grants " Treaty of Purandar - the Agra Visit " Third or Final Phase - Din-i-Ilahi - State " Aurangzeb and the Deccani States (1658-87) " Policies and religious toleration " Marathas and the Decean (1687-1707) 10. The Deccan and the Mughals (Up to " Assessment of Aurangzeb and the 1657) Jagirdari Crisis

" The Deccani States up to 1595 14. The Maratha and Other Indian " Mughal Advance towards the Deccan States and Society in The 18th " Mughal Conquest of Berar, Khandesh Century and Parts of Ahmadnagar " The Marathas and their Policy of Expansion " Rise of Malik Ambar " The Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk " Mughal Attempt at Consolidation (1601-27) " The Maratha Advance into Gujarat and Malwa " Extinction of Ahmadnagar, " The Maratha Advance into Doab and Punjab: Acceptance of Mughal " First Phase (1741-52); Second Phase " Suzerainty by Bijapur and Golconda (1752-61); " Shah Jahan and the Deccan (1636-57) " Third Battle of Panipat " Cultural Contribution of the Deccani States " Shivaji (1627-1680) " Shivaji’s administration 11. Foreign Policy of the Mughals " Successors of Shivaji " Akbar and the Uzbeks " The Peshwas (1713-1818) " The Question of Qandahar and Relations " Other Indian States ( The Bhonsles with Iran The Gaikwads Holkars Sindhias) " Shah Jahan’s Balkh Campaign " Economic Condition in 18th Century " Mughal - Persian Relations - the Last Phase " Social and Cultural Life

12. India in the First Half of the 15. Vijayanagar Empire Seventeenth Century " Sources " Jahangir’s Accession - his Early Diffi culties " Political History " Territorial Consolidation and Expansion " Administration of the Empire - Mewar, East India and Kangra " Social and Cultural Life " NurJahan, and the NurJahan ‘Junta’ " Economic Condition " The Rebellions of Shah Jahan, and the coup de main of Mahabat Khan " Con fl icts with the Bahmani Kingdom

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16. Regional States in the Medieval 18. Society-Structure and Growth Period " Rural Society " Regional States of North and South India " Towns and Town Life (Bahmani, Bengal, Avadh, The Sikhs, Rajput States Jats Hyderabad Mysore) " Artisans and Master-Craftsmen " Social and Cultural Conditions " Women " Economic Conditions " Servants and Slaves " Military Conditions " Standard of Living " 17. Northern India in the First Half of The Ruling Classes - Nobility, Rural Gentry the Eighteenth Century " The Middle Strata " The Commercial Classes " Bahadur Shah I, and the Beginning of the Struggle For Wizarat 19. Economic Life-Patterns and " Rajput Affairs Prospects " Marathas and the Deccan - Accentuation of the Party Struggle " Inland Trade " Struggle for ‘New’ Wizarat: Zulfi qar " Khan and Jahandar Shah (1712-13) Overseas Trade - Role of Foreign Trading " " The Saiyid Brothers’ Struggle for ‘New’ Wizarat Companies - Position of Indian Merchants Over-land Trade " The Saiyid ‘New’ Wizarat " The Mughal State and Commerce " The Wizarat of M. Amin Khan and Nizam-ul-Mulk " Trend of India’s Economy and Prospects " Rise of Regional States, Beginning of during the First Half of the Eighteenth Foreign Invasions of India (1725-48) Century

MODERN HISTORY

1. The Advent of Europeans In India 2. British Expansion in India " The Portuguese in India " Bengal " " De Almeida Anglo Maratha Wars " " Albuquerque The Subsidiary Alliance System " Second Phase of British " Causes of failure of Portuguese empire in India Expansion In India " The Dutch in India " The Conquest of Sindh " The Danes in India " Anglo-Sikh Wars " The English " Doctrine of Lapse " The French " Annexation of Oudh " Anglo-French Rivalry " First Carnatic War 3. Administration before 1857 " Rise of the Hyderahad State " The Dual System " The Second Carnatic War " The Charter Acts " The Third Carnatic War " Judicial System " Causes of English Succes " Impact of British Administration

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4. Economic Policies of The British " Public Services " " Phase of Mercantilism (1757-1813) Princely States " Phase of Free Trade (1813-1858) " Foreign Policy " Phase of Finance Imperialism (1858 onwards) 8. Development of Civil Services " Land Revenue Policy  Ryotwari " Indian Civili Services Act, 1861  Mahalwari " Aitcision Comminittee on Public Services (1886)  Permanent Settlement " Montford Reforms (1919) " Impact of British Policy on Indian Economy " Lee Commission (1924) " Drain of Wealth Theory " Act, 1935

5. Impact of British Administration 9. Development of Education " Industrialization—Ruin of Artisans and " Charter Act of 1813 Handicrafts men " Orientalist-Anglicism Controversy " Impoverishment of Peasantry " Efforts of Thomson " Emergence of New Land Relations, Ruin of Old Zamindars " Wood’s Dispatch (1854) Hunter Education " Stagnation and Deterioration of Agriculture Commission (1882-83) " " Commercialization of Indian Agriculture Indian Universities Act, 1904 " " Development of Modern Industry Government Resolution on Education Policy—1913 " Rise of Indian Bourgeoisie " Saddler University Commission (1917-19) " Economic Drain " Education Under Dyarchy " Famine and Poverty " Hartog Committee (1929) " Nationalist Critique of Colonial Economy " Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937) " Abolition of the Dual System " Sergeant Plan of Education 6. The Revolt Of 1857 " Kothari Education Commission (1964-66) " " Causes of the Revolt Development of Vernacular Education "  Economic Causes Development of Technical Education "  Political Causes Evaluation of British Policy on Education  Administrative Causes 10. Development of Press  Socio -Religious Causes  Infl uence of Outside Events " Different Publications and Journals  Discontent Among Sepoy’s " Acts related to Press " Centres and Spread of the Revolt  Vernacular Press Act, 1878 " Leaders of the Revolt " Struggle by Early Nationalists to " Causes of Failure of the Revolt Secure Press Freedom , " Nature and Impact of the Revolt " During and After the First World War " Consequences " During the Second World War " After Independence 7. Administrative Changes After 1857 11. Socio-Religious Reforms " Administration - Central, Provincial, Local " Changes in the Army " Factors causing Reforms

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" Directions of refroms 14. Revolutionary Nationalism " Hindu Reform Movements " Early Phase Indian National Congress " Reform Movements Among Muslims " The Moderate Congress (1885-1905) " Sikh Reform Movement " Opinion Against Economic Exploitation " Parsi Reform Movement Administrative Reforms Constitutional Reforms : Weaknesses & Evaluation  Parsi Religious Reform Association " The Extremist (1905-1920) " Signifi cance of Reform Movements  Terrorist Movements " Impact of Reform Movements  The Revolutionary Movement 12. Personalities  Reasons for Failure  Revolutionary Activities in Maharashtra " Raja Ram Mohan Roy  Revolutionary Activities in Bengal "  Revival of Revolutionary Nationalism " Swami DayanandaSaraswati  Sen " Ishwar Vidyasagar  Revolutionary Activities Outside India " Keshab Chandra Sen  The Indian Independence Committee " Sri Paramhamsa in Berlin " Mahadev Govind Ranade " Differences between the Moderates and the " Annie Besant–Theosophical Society Extremists " Syed Ahmad Khan " Baba Dayal Das 15. Indian National Movement – I (1905-1918) " Pandita Ramabai Sarojini Naidu " Jyotiba Phule " Partition of Bengal (1905) " Dr.Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar " Swadeshi Movement " Muslim League, 1906 13. Peasant, Tribal and Other " Surat Session of INC, 1907 Movements " Indian Council Act (Morley-Minto Act) 1909 " Tribal Movements " Ghadar Party, 1913  Bhil Uprising " Komagata Maru Incident 1914  Kol Uprising " The Lucknow Pact (1916)  Santhal Rebellion " Home Rule Movement (1915–1916)  Jaintia and Garo Rebellion " August Declaration, 1917  Rampa Rebellion  Munda Rebellion 16. Indian National Movement –II  Khonda Dora Uprisings (1918-1929)  Tana Bhagat Movement " World War I-Reforms and Agitation " Peasant Movements " Champaran Satyagraha (1917)  Champaran Satyagraha " Ahmadabad Mill Strike (1918)  Kheda Peasant Struggle " Kheda Satyagraha (1918)  Bardoli Movement " The Government of India Act, 1919  Moplah Rebellion " Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh  Tebhaga Movement Massacre (1919)  Telangana Movement " Khilafat Movement

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" The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) " Jinnah’s Direct Action Resolution " Bardoli Resolution " Mountbatten Plan of June 1947 " Nagpur Session of Congress " Indian Independence Act 1947 " Swaraj Party and its Evaluation 18. Governor Generals During British " Muddiman Committee (1924) India " Simon Commission (1927) " Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) " Governor of Bengal (Before 1773) " Nehru Report (1928) " Governor Generals of Bengal (1773-1833) " Jinnah’s Fourteen Points " Governor Generals of India (1832-1858) " Lahore Session, 1929 " Viceroy and Governor Generals of India (1858-1947) " Allahabad Address (1930) List 17. Indian National Movement - III " Robert Clive (1754-1767) (1930-1947) " Lord Warren Hastings (1773-1785) " Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) " Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1931) " Sir John Shore (1793-1798) " First Round Table Conference, 1930 " Lord Arthur Wellesley (1798-1805) " Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 1931 " Lord George Barlow (1805-1807) " Karachi session of 1931 " Lord Minto-I (1807-1813) " Second Round Table Conference, 1931 " Francis Rawdon Hastings (1813-1823): " Civil Disobedience Movement (Second-Phase) (Marques of Hastings) " Third Round Table Conference " Lord Amherst (1823-28) (17 November 1932) " " Communal Award Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835) " " Poona Pact, 1932 Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835-1836) " " Government of India Act, 1935 Lord Auckland (1836-1842) " " World War II and Indian Nationalism Lord Ellenborough (1842-1844) " " Resignation of Congress Ministers (1939) Lord Hardinge-I (1844-1848) " " Poona Resolution and Conditional Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856 great Support to Britain (1941) imperialist and colonist) " " August Offer of 1940 Lord Canning (1856-1857 and 1858-1862) " " The Individual Civil Disobedience Lord Elgin-I (1862-1863) " " Two-Nation Theory Lord Lawrence (1864-1869) " " Demand for Pakistan (1942) Lord Mayo (1869-1872) " " Cripps Mission (1942) Lord Northbrook (1872-1876) " " Quit India Movement Lord Lytton (1876-1880) " " Azad Hind Fauj Lord Rippon (1880-1884) " " Indian National Army Lord Dufferin (1884-1888) " " I.N.A. Trials Lord Lansdowne (1888-1894) " " R.I.N. Rebellion Lord Elgin-II (1894-1999) " Rajagopalachari Formula, 1945 " Lord Curzon (1899-1905) " Desai - Liaqat Pact " Lord Minto-II (1905-1910) " Cabinet Mission (1946) " Lord Hardinge-II (1910-1916) " Wavell Plan " Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921)

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" Lord Reading (1921-1926) " Charter Act of 1813 " Lord Irwin (1926-1931) " Charter Act of 1833 " Lord Willingdon (1931-1936) " Charter Act of 1853 " Lord Linlithgow (1936-1944) " Government of India Act 1858 " Lord Wavell (1944-1947) " The " Lord Mountbatten (1947-1948) " " Indian Councils Act 1909 or Morley - 19. Constitutional Development in Minto Reforms India " Government of India Act 1919 or Montague - " Regulating Act 1773 Chelmsford Reforms " Pitts India Act of 1784 " Government of India Act 1935 " Charter Act of 1793 " Indian Independence Act, 1947 Remarks

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INDIAN CULTURE

VISUAL ARTS

1. Architecture  Sikh Style of Architecture  " Harappan Period Avadh (Oudh) Style " Mauryan Architecture  Rajput Architecture " Post-Mauryan Period  Jaina Art " Gupta Period " Modern Architecture " Temples of Khajuraho  European Infl uence " Temples of Odisha Portuguese " Temples of Gwalior Danish " Temples of Gujarat British " Temples of Rajasthan  Indo-Saracenic Architecture " Temples of Bengal  Post-Independence Period " Temples of Assam " Temples of Himachal Pradesh 2. Sculptures " Temples of Jammu and " Sculptures of Harappan Civilisation " Pallava Period Temples " Sculptures of Mauryan Age " Chola Period Temples " Post-Mauryan Period " Pandya Temples " Jain Sculptures " Vijaynagar Period Temples " Buddhist Sculpture " NayakaTemples " " Temples of Kerala Gupta Sculpture " " Rashtrakuta Period Temples Medieval School of Sculpture " " Schools of Temple Architecture Modern Indian Sculpture  Nagara Style 3. Paintings  Vesara Style  Hoysala Style " Cave Paintings  Dravidian Style " Tradition of Mural Paintings in India " Indo-Islamic Architecture " Tradition of Miniature Paintings in India  Imperial Style (Delhi Sultanate) " Paintings in the Deccan  Provincial Style " Rajput School of Painting  Mughal Style " Pahari School of Painting

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" Miniature Painting in South India " Black and Red Ware (BRW) " Regional Paintings " Painted Grey Ware (PGW) " Modern Paintings " Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) " Contemporary Paintings " Glazed and Unglazed Pottery

4. Pottery Tradition 5. Numismatics

" Ochre: Coloured Pottery(OCP) " Coinage

PERFORMING ARTS

1. Music in India " Forms of Traditional Martial Arts " " Classical Indian Music Animal Sports  Hindustani Music 4. Indian Theatre Gharanas  " History of Theatre in India " Main Pillars of Indian Music " Classical Sanskrit Theatre " Forms of Indian Music " Traditional Theatre " Musical Instruments " Regional Theatre " Institutions Related to Music in India " Modern Theatre in India " Folk Music " Renaissance of Indian Theatre " 2. Dances in India Cinema in India  History of Indian Cinema " Concept of Dance in India  Classifi cation of Indian Cinema Film " Concept of Ashta Nayika " Rasa and Bhava 5. Indian Puppetry " Eight Classical Dance Forms in India " String Puppets " Folk Dances " " Modern Dances Shadow Puppets " Rod Puppets 3. Sports in India " Glove puppets " Various Type of Sports " Modern Puppetry " Genesis of Martial Arts " Tribal Puppetry RELIGION, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

1. Religions in-India " Sikhism " " Pre-Vedic Religion Islam " " Christianity " Buddhism " Zoroastrianism " Jainism " Judaism

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" Philosophy in India " Odia Literature " Movement " Assamese Literature " Saints of Bhakti Movement " Bengali Literature " Sufi sm " Gujarati Literature

2. Languages and Literature in India " Rajasthani Literature

" Classical Language " Punjabi Literature " Sanskrit Literature " Marathi Literature " Pali Literature " Hindi Literature " Prakrit Literature " Persian Literature " Tamil Literature " Telugu Literature " Urdu Literature " Malayalam Literature " Infl uence/Contribution of foreign languages & " Kannada Literature Literature to India language

MISCELLANEOUS

" Government Cultural Institutions in India " Bharat Parv " UNESCO’s List of Cultural Heritage in India " Orange Festival Nagpur " Protection and Promotion of Indian " Protest against Sunburn fest Culture and Heritage :Legal Provisions " 2017 Teesta Rangit Tourism Festival " Schemes and Awards " Ganga sagarmela  Awards and Honours Associated with " Nabakalebar Rath Yatra Culture " Chapchar Kut Festival  International Day " Hornbill Festival  Indian Handicrafts " Wangala Festival " Personalities Related to Culture " Schemes for Cleanliness of Tourist Places " Places of Cultural Interest " Swachh Bharat Swachh Smarak " The Calendar & the Eras " ‘Swachh Bharat Swachh Paryatan’ " Science and Technology in Ancient India " Incredible India 2.0 Campaign " Schemes for Development of Cultural Heritage Recent developments " Sanskriti App " Important Festivals " Cultural Mapping of India " festival " Schemes for Monument Development " Mahapushkaram " HRIDAY " Bathu kamma " SWADESH DARSHAN " Manipur Sangai Festival " PRASAD SCHEME " Losar festival " AdarshSmarak Yojana " Intangible Cultural Heritage under " Cultural Scheme Monitoring System UNESCO has inscribed ´’ " Schemes for promotion of Culture " Sankalp Parva-Sankalp se Siddhi’ " Schemes for Serious Literature and " Paryatan Parv Litterateurs

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" National Mission on Monuments and " UNESCO Creative Cities Network Antiquities " UNESCO Global Geopark " National Mission on Manuscripts " National Virtual Library of India " Gandhi Heritage Sites Mission " Jallikattu " Muziris Heritage Site " Kambala " International Initiatives for Cultural " GI Tag Development and Recognition  Defi nition " Project Mausam  GI vs. Trademark " International Buddhist Conclave  Rights under GI " World’s Heritage  Famous Goods " UNESCO inscribes Yoga in the  Latest addition representative list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity " Rashtriya Ekta Diwas

Remarks

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GEOGRAPHY

GENERAL GEOGRAPHY

1. Universe " Evolution of the Earth Layered Structure  " Theories of development of Universe Evolution of Lithosphere " Galaxy  Evolution of Atmosphere " Star formation  Evolution of Hydrosphere " Planet formation " Latitude and Longitude including " Solar system important Parallels and Meridians " " Moon Motions of the Earth - Rotation, Revolution and their effects " Asteroid " Inclination of the Earth’s Axis and its effects " Meteor " Time Zones, Local and Standard " Kupier belt Time and the International Date Line, " Comets Comets Calendar " Dwarf planets " Eclipses - Solar, Lunar " Earth’s magnetic fi eld 2. Earth Evolution " Earth’s Geological time scale " Geological History of Earth " ORIGIN of LIFE

GEOMORPHOLOGY

1. Earth’s Interior  Minerals – Feldspar, Quartz, Pyroxene Amphibole, Mica , Olivine " Interior of the Earth  Physical Characteristics–Crystal Form,  Crust Crust Cleavage Fracture, Lusture, Color, Streak  Mantle  Transparency, Structure, Hardness,  Core Specifi c Gravity " Sources of Information  Metallic minerals – precious  Direct Ferrous, Non Ferrous  Indirect - Earth Quake Waves Volcanoes  Non-metallic Minerals – Sulphur, " Theories – Suess Theory Phosphates, Cement " Rocks (Aggregate of Minerals) 2. Geology and Rock system  Petrology " Minerals  Rocks & landforms " Major Elements of the Earth’s Crust  Rocks & Soils

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 3 Family of Rocks Lopoliths  Igneous Phacoliths  Sedimentary Sills  Metamo rphic Dykes

3. Geomorphic Processes 5. Distribution of Continents & Oceans " Earth’s Surface " ories  Exogenic Forces The  Continental Drift Theory  Endogenic Forces Alfred Wegner  Gradation , Degradation & Agradation Pangea, Panthalasa " Endogenic Forces Laurasia, Gondwanaland  Diastrophism   Evidence in support of Continental Orogenic Orogenic Drift Theory  Epierogenic Jigsaw Fit  Earthquakes Rocks of Same age across oceans  Plate movements Tillite  Volcanism Placer Deposits " Exogenic Forces Distribution of Fossils  Denudation Processes " Isostacy  Weathering " Sea Floor Spreading  Mass movements " Forces of Drifting  Erosion Transportation & Deposition  Pole Fleeing Force  Tidal Force 4. Earthquakes and Volcanism " Post Drift Studies " Earthquakes  Convectional Current Theory  Waves: P,S, Body, Surface,  Mapping of the Ocean Floor  Shadow Zone " Plate Tectonics  Types of Earthquakes  Lithospheric Plates - Major Plate - Minor Plates  Effects " Plate Boundaries – Divergent  Frequency – Convergent – Transform  Locating an Epicentre " Rates of Plate Movements " Volcanism " Force of plate movement  Types Types " Indian Plate Shield Composite 6. Landforms and their evolution Caldera " Causes Flood Basalt  Geomorphic Processes Mid Ocean Ridge  Geomorphic Agents  Landforms (intrusive) " Geomorphic Agent Batholiths  Erosional or Destructional Lacoliths  Depositional or Constructional

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" Agents and their Impacts - Wind, Running Pools - Swallow Hole, Valley Sinks Water, Ground Water, Glaciers, (Uvalas), Sinkholes, Collapse sinks Waves & Currents (Dolines), Lapies, Ridges, Limestone Pavements " Winds Caves – Altering bed of Rocks  As agents in Hot deserts (Shale sandstone quartzit,  Cause – Defl ation Abrasion Impact Caves and Tunnels  Erosional landforms  Depositional landforms Pediments and Pediplains Stalactites Playas Stalagmites Defl ation Hollows and Caves Pillar Columns Mushroom , Table & Pedestal Rocks " Glaciers  Depositional Landforms  Erosional Landforms Barchans Cirque of Tarn Lakes Seif Hors and Serrated Regions – Arete Parabolic Glacial Valleys / Troughs – Fiords Transverse  Depositional Landforms Longitudinal Glacial Tills " Running Water Moraines  Erosional Landforms Eskers Valleys Outwash Planes  Rills Drumlins  Gullies " Waves and Currents  Valleys – V Shape , Gorge  High Rocky Coasts & (Hard Rocks), Canyon Low Sedimentary Coasts (Sedimentary)  Erosional Landforms

Potholes & Plunge pools Cliffs

Incised or entrenched meanders Terraces

River Terraces – paired & unpaired Caves  Depositional Landforms Stacks Alluvial Fans  Depositional Landforms

Delta Delta Beaches and Dunes Flood plains, Natural Levees, Bars, Barriers, Spits Point Bars Weathering Meansders, Slip off bank, Under cut bank " Factors Oxbow lake  Geological Braided Channels  Climatic " Ground Water (Karst Topography)  Topograhic  Permeable Rocks  Vegetative Percolation " Major Processes Bedding Plains  Chemical  Limestone and Dolomite Regions  Physical or Mechanical Balkans , Adjacent to Adriatic regions  Biological  Erosional Landforms " Chemical – Forces Chemical Action

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 Solution  Exfoliation (Flakin) – Exfoliation Domes  Carbonation " Signifi cance of Weathering  Hydration  Soil Formation  Oxidation & Reduction  Biomes and Biodiversity " Physical Forces Gravitational,  Leaching / Enrichment Expansion, Water Pressure  Unloading & Expansion " Mass Movements  Temperature changes and Expansion  Activating causes  Freezing, Thawing, & Frost Wedging  Forms of movement – Heave Flow Slide  Salt Weathering " Biological Weathering 7. Landforms across the world  Burrowing " Rivers and lakes (Factual)  Wedging "  Plant Roots Mountain and Peaks (Factual) " Effects of Weathering " Plateaus ( Factual)

OCEANOGRAPHY 1. Hydroshpere 3. Temperature and Salinity

" W ater on the Surface of the Earth " Temperature of the Ocean Water " Hydrological Cycle  Vertical  Component  Spatial  Processes  Factors affecting Temperature distribution Latitude 2. Submarine Relief Features Unequal distribution of land & Water

" Oceans Prevailing wind Ocean Currents " Relief of the Ocean fl oor  Horizontal & Vertical Distribution " Divisions of the ocean fl oor " Salinity of the Ocean Water  Continental Shelf  Factors affecting salinity  Continental Slope Evaporation and precipitation  Deep sea plain Fresh water fl ow from rivers  Oceanic deep and Trenches Ocean currents " Minor relief features  Horizontals distribution of salinity  Mid oceanic ridges  Vertical Distribution of salinity  Seamount " Density of Ocean Waters  Submarine canyons  Guyouts 4. Waves, Ocean Currents, Tides  Volcanic Islands " Movements of ocean Water  Fracture Zones " Factors infl uencing Movement  Hotspots  Temperature  Coral Islands  Salinity  Atoll  Density

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" Motion – Horizontal and Vertical Currents  Types of ocean currents: " Waves Surface currents & Deep water currents based on Depth  Motion of waves and water molecules Cold and Warm Currents based  Characteristics of wave on Temperature  Crest and Trough  Major Ocean currents of the World  Height  Effects of Ocean Currents  Amplitude  Period 5. Marine Resources  Length " Underground water resource  Speed " Surface water resources  Frequency " Inland water resources: Utilization " Tides of inland water resources  Relation between Gravitational " Oceanic Water Resources (Marine Resource) Forces and Tides " Utilization of oceans by man  Tidal currents " Water consumption patterns  Types of Tides " Conservation of Water Resources Based on Frequency – " Semi Diurnal, Diurnal, mixed Techniques of Water Conservation Based on SME position – spring and Neap Tides 6. Ocean Deposits and Corals  Importance of Tides " Terrigenous Deposits " Ocean Currents " Volcanic Deposits  Primary Force that initiates the movement " Biotic deposits Heating of solar energy  Neritic Wind  Pelagic ( Calcereous , Siliceous ) Gravity " Abiotic Deposits Coriolis force " Coral Reefs  Secondary force that infl uence the currents to fl ow " Great Barrier Reef

CLIMATOLOGY

1. Atmosphere " Stratosphere " Troposphere " Composition " Altitude vs. Temperature " Gases " Water Vapour 2. Inversion of Temperature " Dust Particles " Temperature " Structure " Factors controlling Temp distribution " Exosphere " Distribution of Temp Month of January-July " Thermosphere " Range of Temp Month of January-July " Mesosphere " Inversion of Temperature

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3. Insolation and Heat Budget " Distribution of continents & Oceans " " Solar Radiation Heat Balance Temperature Rotation of the Earth " " Insolation Circulation " " Aphelion and Perihelion Simplifi ed Global Circulation – Hadley Cell , Ferrel Cell " Variability of Insolation at the " surface of the Earth Seasonal Wind "  Day Season Year Local Wind "  Rotation on Axis, Angle of Land and Sea Breezes Inclination of sun rays, Length of the day " Mountain and Valley Winds  Transparency of Atmosphere, confi guration of land in terms of its aspect. 5. Air Mass, Fronts, Cyclones and Jet " Heat Balance Stream " Heating and cooling of atmosphere " Air mass & fronts  Conduction " Cyclones  Convection " Thunderstorms  Advection " Tornadoes " Terrestrial Radiation " Monsoons " Heat Budget of the Planet Earth " Fronts " Macro Budget  Albedo 6. Precipitation  Shortwave Radiation " Water in the Atmosphere  Long wave Earth Radiation " Water Vapour " Variation in the net Heat Budget " Precipitation at the Earth’s Surface " Humidity – Absolute and Relative 4. Winds and Pressure belts " Saturation – Dew Point " Evaporation and Condensation " Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems " Dew " Atmospheric Pressure " Frost " Vertical variation of pressure " Fog & Mist " Horizontal distribution of pressure " Clouds " World Distribution of Sea Level Pressure  Types – Cirrus, Cumulus, Stratus, Nimbus " Factors affecting the velocity  and direction of the Wind High – Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus  " Pressure Gradient Force Middle – Altostratus, Altocumulus  " Frictional Force Low – Stratocumulus, Nimbostratus " " Coriolis Force Vertical Development – Cumulus and Cumulonimbus " Pressure and Wind " (Cyclonic & Anticyclone Circulation) Precipitation " Rainfall, Snowfall, Sleet Hail, Hailstones " General Circulation of the Atmosphere – Pattern of Planetary Winds " Types of Rainfall " Latitudinal Variation of Atmospheric Heating " Conventional " Orographic " Emergence of Pressure Belts " Cyclonic " Migration of Belts Following apparent Path of Sun " World Distribution of Rainfall

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7. Climatic Zones of the World " The Temperate Continental (Steppe Climate) " Koppene’s Classifi cation Climatic Zones " The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin " World Climate (China Type Climate) " The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate " The Cool Temperate Western Margin " The Tropical Monsoon and Tropical (British Type Climate) Marine Climates " The Cool Temperate Continental " The Savanna or Sudan Climate (Siberian) Climate " The Hot Desert and Mid-Latitude " The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin Desert Climates (Lauren-tian) Climate " The Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean) Climate " The Arctic or Polar Climate BIO-GEOGRAPHY

1. Soil Characteristics " Desert vegetation " " Soil Characteristics Tundra Vegetation " " Factors Responsible for Soil Formation Economic utilization of forests " Stages of Soil Formation " Deforestation " Soil Forming Processes " Deforestation in tropical forests " Soil Profi les and Horizons " Deforestation in temperate forests " Soil Classifi cation " Rate and extent of deforestation " Soil Erosion and Conservation " Causes and factors of deforestation: Immediate causes of deforestation 2. Vegetation resources " Indirect deforestation " " Types of natural vegetation Underlying causes of deforestation " " Forests Conservation of forests " " Signifi cance of forests Forest conservation strategies " " Economic signifi cance, Ecological signifi cance Reforestation " Cultural signifi cance " Monoculture plantation " Factors of forest development " Afforestation " Extent of forest cover " Types of forestry " Classifi cation of forests " Social forestry " Grasslands " Agro-forestry

HUMAN AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD

1. Demography and Census Climate

" Concept of human resources Soils " Factors affecting the distribution of Population  Economic Factors  Geographical Factors Minerals Availability of water Urbanisation Landforms Industrialisation

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 Socio-cultural factors Declining Popoulation " Population Growth  Literacy – literacy Rate  Growth of Population  Rural Urban Composition  Growth Rate of Population  Occupational Structure  Natural growth of Population  Religion based Composition  Positive Growth of Population " Population problems   Negative Growth of Population Population problems of developing countries " Components of Population change  Population problems of developed  Crude Birth Rate countries  Crude Death Rate  Population Policies: of China, of India  Migration – Place of Origin " Census 2011 and Place of Destination  Census Terminologies  Immigration  Census of India important information  Emigration  Push Factors and Pull Factors 2. Human Development " Trends in Population Growth " Growth vs Development " Doubling time of world population " The four pillars of Development " Spatial pattern of Population change  Equity " Impact of Population Change  Sustainability " Demographic Transition  Productivity  Demographic Transition Theory  Empowerment  Demographic Cycle " Approaches to Human Development " Theories of population growth " Measuring Human Development  Malthusian theory  Income Approach  Marxian theory  Welfare Approach  Demographic Transition Theory  Basic Needs Approach  Optimum population  Capability Approach  Over-population " Internation Comparisions of Human  Under-population Development " Population Control Measures " World population distribution, Density 3. Economic activities and Growth " Primary Activities  Continent-wide distribution of population  Hunting and Gathering Pastoralism  Pattern of population density globally  Nomadic Herding  Population increase in the world  Commercial livestock Rearing " Population Composition  Agriculture  Sex composition Subsistence Agriculture Sex Ratio Primitive Subsistence Agriculture Natural Advantage vs Social Advantage Intensive Subsistence Agriculture  Age Structure Planation Agriculture Age – sex Pyramid Extensive Commercial Grain Expanding Populations Cultivation Constant Population Mixed Farming

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Dairy Farming  People engaged in tertiary Activities Mediterranean Agriculture Tourism Viticulture Medical Services Market Gardening and Quaternary Activities Horticulture – Truck Farming Quinary Activities Cooperative Farming " Concept of Digital Divide Collective Farming  Mining 4. Transport and Communication Factors affecting Mining " Transport Methods of Mining – Open Cast and  Modes of Transportation underground mining  Land Transport " Secondary Activities  Roads Manufacturing  Railways Characteristics of Modern large scale Manufacturing  Water Transport Specialisation of Skills/ methods of  Sea Routes Production, Mechanisation -  Inland Waterways Technological Innovation  Air Transport Access to market, Access to labour Supply, Access to Sources of Energy,  Pipelines Access to Transportaion and " Communications communication Facilities  Satellite communication Government Policy  Cyber space internet  Classifi cation of Manufacturing Industries

Industries based on size 5. International Trade  Small Scale manufacturing " History of international Trade  Large Scale manufacturing " Basis of International Trade Industries based on Inputs/ Raw Materials  Difference in national resources  Agro Based industries  Population Factors  Mineral Based Industries  Stage of Economic Development  Chemical based Industries  Extent of Foreign Investment  Forest based Raw material using  Transport industries " Important aspects of International Trade  Animal Based industries  Volume of Trade Industries based on Output/Product  Composition of Trade Industries based on ownership  Direction of Trade " Tertiary, Quaternary and Quinary Activities  Balance of Trade  Types of Tertiary Activities " Types of International Trade Retail trading " Case of Free Trade Trade and commerce " WTO – World Trade Organisation Wholesale Trading and Regional Trade Blocs Transport " Gateways of International Trade Communication  Ports Services  Industrial Ports

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 Commercial Ports rural settlements  Comprehensive Ports  Patterns of Rural settlements  Inland Ports " Urban Settlements  Out Ports  Classifi cation of Urban Settlements  Oil Ports  Factors affecting location of rural  Port of call settlements  Packet station  Functions of Urban Centre  Entrepot Ports  Classifi cation of Towns on the basis  Naval Ports of Forms  Types of Urban Settlements 6. Settlement Town, City, Conurbation, Megalopolis, Million City " Types and Patterns of settlements "  Compact of Nucleated Settlements Issues of Urbanization in India "  Dispersed settlement Rural Urban Migration " Rural Settlements " Emergence of Slums  Factors affecting location of " Inclusive Cities/Smart cities

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

1. Physiography of India " Indus drainage system " " Geological Region Ganga River System " Brahmaputra river system " Location " Peninsular River System " Physiographic Sub-Units " East fl owing Rivers  Himalayans " West fl owing Rivers  Northern Plains " Mains Rivers and their tributaries  Peninsular Plateau " Famous cities and river banks  Thar Desert  Coastal Plain 3. Climate  The Islands " Factors infl uencing the climate of India " Mountain System " Monsoon  Classifi cation of The Himalayan System " Mechanism of the Monsoon  Regional Division of the Himalaya  Classical Theory " The Peninsular - Peninsular Plateaus  Modern theory " Plains - Northern Plains of India  Air mass theory " Lakes Lakes  Jet stream theory " Deserts Deserts " EL NINO and LA NINA " Indian Coasts and Islands " Seasonal rhythm " Koppen’s Climatic classifi cation 2. Drainage System " Indian Droughts and Floods " Classifi cation of Drainage 4. Soils in India " Himalayan Drainage " Indus river system " Soil Acidity

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" Soil textures 8. Land Resource " Minerals of Soil " Land-use " Soil Erosion " Land capability classifi cation " Soil Conservation " Causes of Land Degradation " Impact of Land Degradation 5. Natural Vegetation " Steps taken by GOI " Vegetation " Sustainable Land Management " Mangroves " Distribution of Forest Area 9. Mineral Resource " Forest Problems in India " Types of minerals: Metallic minerals " Non-metallic mineral 6. Population " Distribution of minerals and mining regions " Size, growth rate and distribution " Distribution, production and international of population trade of Metallic minerals: Ferrous metals: " India in World Population Iron ore " Demographic transition " Ferro-alloys and non-ferrous " Census in India " Manganese " Ranking of States and Union " Chromium " Territories by population: 2001 & 2011 " Nickel " Population Growth Rates " Tungsten " Population: States and UT " Antimony " Decadal growth rate " Copper " National Population Policy " Bauxite and Aluminium " Density of population " Zinc; Lead " Literacy " Tin " Literacy in major states " Gold " Literacy rate in India: 1951-2011 " Silver " Ranking of States and UTs by 206 " Platinum literacy rate: 2011 " Mineral chemicals " Gender composition of the Population " Mica " Trends in Sex Ratio in India " Potash " Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 yrs " Phosphate " Sex ratio of age 7 years and above " Nitrates population " Sulphur " Old Age People " Conservation of mineral resources " Health Indicators 10. Energy resources 7. Settlements and Urbanization " Classifi cation of energy " Rural Settlements " Production of conventional energy " Factors affecting settlement patterns " General trends of energy production " Settlement types and consumption " Urbanization " Reserves and sources of energy " Urban Agglomeration / Cities " Coal

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" Nature and origin of coal " Organic farming " Constituents and kinds of coal " Cropping seasons in India " Coal fi elds and coal production " Cropping Pattern in India " Byproducts of coal " Agriculture regionalization " Conservation of Coal " Infrastructure factors: Seeds; Fertilizers; Irrigation " Petroleum " Land use pattern in India " Nature and properties of petroleum " Institutional Factors as land reform " Origin and recovery " Horticulture sector in India " Exploration " Agricultural revolutions " Petroleum refi ning " Agricultural labours " Petroleum reserves " Price Policy for Agriculture " Producing areas " Agricultural marketing " Consumption of petroleum " Agricultural Insurance " International trade " Agricultural Census " OPEC and its role in oil trade " Major schemes in agricultural sector " Natural gas: Reserves and Production " National Policy for farmers " Hydro-electricity " Impact of climate change on agriculture " Advantages of hydro-electricity " What is sustainable agriculture? " Ideal conditions for generation of " Use of IT in agriculture hydro-electricity " Agriculture Issues and Challenges " Distribution of potential hydro-power " Hydro-electric power generation in India 12. Recent developments in agriculture " Atomic (nuclear) energy fi eld " Atomic: source minerals: Uranium " NITI Aayog proposed the idea of taxation of " World distribution of Uranium agricultural income " Production of Uranium " Removing agricultural commodities from the " Thorium essential commodities Act: NITI Aayog " " Production of Atomic (Nuclear) Energy Feminization of Agriculture " " Nuclear Energy e-auction portal : e-Rakam for selling agricultural produce " Alternative (non-conventional) " sources of energy “AGRI-UDAAN” – Food and agri-business acceleration 2.0 to bring startup revolution " Solar energy " APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food " Wind energy Products Export Development Authority Act) " Geothermal power " SMAM (Sub-Mission on Agricultural " Tidal energy Mechanization) " " Wave energy Jute-ICARE Project " " Biomass energy Project CHAMAN " Doubling the farmers income: Ashok Dalwai 11. Agriculture Basic Terminologies Committee " RKVY-RAFTAAR " Performance of the agriculture sector " Agro Irradiation Centers " Types of farming in India " Agricultural Marketing and Farm " Dry zone farming Friendly Reforms Index

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" National Food Security Act  Conditions of growth " Digitization and Agriculture  Production pattern " Direct Benefi t Transfer in Fertilizer Sector  International trade " Draft Regulation on Fortifi cation of Foods " Oats " Law Commission Recommendation " Rye on Food Laws " Beverages " Concept of Modern Terminal Markets " Tea " Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries  Condition of growth " e-Pashuhaat Portal  Production pattern " Schemes of Bio-Tech Kisan and  International trade Cattle Genomics " Coffee " RashtriyaGokul Mission  Types of coffee " Mission Fingerling  Conditions of growth " Ornamental Fishing  Production pattern " Agricultural Science Congress  International trade " RubSiS " Cocoa " Ethanol Blending  Conditions of growth " National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources  Production pattern " Amendments to the NABARD Act, 1981  International trade " Revenue Insurance Scheme for Plantation Crops " Tobacco " Neem Coating of Urea  Conditions of growth " National Agriculture Market  Production pattern  International trade 13. Productivity of Crops and " Fibre Crops conditions for growth " Cotton " Wheat  Varieties of cotton  Conditions of growth  Conditions of growth  Varieties  Production pattern  Types of cultivation  International trade  Production pattern " Jute  International trade  Conditions of growth " Rice  Production pattern  Conditions of growth  International trade  Varieties  Substitutes of Jute: Flax, Hemp  Methods of cultivation " Raw Silk  Production pattern  Production pattern  International trade  States " Maize (Corn) " Natural Rubber  Conditions of growth  Other sources of rubber  Production pattern  Plantations in South-east Asia  International trade  Production pattern " Barley " Sugarcane

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 Conditions of growth conditions for pulp production "  Production pattern Production of paper and paper board  International trade " Newsprint  Sugarbeet—Conditions of growth " Cement industry  Production pattern " Distribution of cement industry  Sugar industry " Recent trends: Main global competitors  Sugar consumption " Petroleum refi ning industry: Localization  International trade. " Site selection of petroleum refi neries " History of oil refi neries 14. Industry " World pattern of oil refi ning " Industrial development " Petroleum products " Iron and Steel Industry " Industrial Regions " Location of iron and steel industry " Characteristics of industrial regions " Development of iron manufacture " Delimitation of an industrial region " Distribution of iron and steel industry " Principal industrial regions of the world " Global steel production " Industrial regions of Anglo America—USA, " International trade in Steel Canada, Western Europe and Central Britain, " Textile Industry Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Italy, Eastern Europe, Poland, Former USSR " Cotton Textile Industry: Location of the industry " Eastern Asia—Japan, China, the " Recent trends in localization ‘Dragons’, India, High tech patterns. " Distribution and production of cotton textiles " Woollen textile industry: Location 15. Transport of the industry " " Silk textile industry: Raw silk manufacture Importance and development of transport " " Silk textile manufacturing Means of transport " Synthetic (artifi cial) silk industry " Transport costs and economic distance " Distribution of man-made fi bre and fabrics " Operating costs in transport " Engineering Industries " Relative importance of means of transport: Railways, Roads, Pipeline, " Machine tools and machines: Areas of production Oceans, Air transport " " Industrial machinery: Textile machinery Profi ts and freight rates " " Agricultural machinery Government’s transport policy " " Manufacturing of transport equipment Ocean transport routes " Automobile industry " Inland waterways " Shipbuilding " Main regions of inland waterways " Aircrafts Industry " Railways: Factors affecting the railroads " Fertilizer industry: Nitrogen fertilizers " Distribution of railroads in the world " Phosphate fertilizers " Air transport: Factors infl uencing air transport " Potash fertilizers " Air transport in various continents " Agro-industries " Pipeline transport " Synthetic rubber industry " Petroleum (oil) pipelines " Pulp and paper industry: Essential " Gas pipelines

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16. Recent Development in Transport " National Road Safety Policy Sector " TARANG " Rural electrifi cation corporation: " E-trans First green bond " DEEP (Discovery of Effi cient " Time and costs over runs of infrastructure Electricity Pric projects " " India’s First Mega Coastal Economic Zone GARV II APP (CEZ) to come up in Maharashtra " Trading of Energy Saving Certifi cates " Logistic sector gets infrastructure status " Powers for all 24x7 " AIIB approves $150 million for India " infrastructure fund Draft National Electricity Plan " " Ro-Ro Ferry service Habitat Commitment Index " project for construction of 24,000 km of highway connecting 17. Recent developments in Industrial Western and Eastern part Sector " Union Ministry of shipping is planning to expand Logistics Data Bank (LDB) " Disinvestment of PSUs " Railways India Development Fund " Report titled “India’s Labor Market: " National Infrastructure Investment Fund A New Emphasis on Gainful Employment " Defence Innovation Fund " Wage code Bill in line of recommendations nd " Flexi Fare Method in Railway of 2 National Commission on Labor " Rail Cadre Management " CAR for the operation of Drones in India. " TRI-NETRA in Railways " Draft Evaluation template for the star " National Rail Plan 2030 rating of Minor Minerals " India’s First Caterpillar Train " Online database containing GIS-Enabled portal Maps land related information " Green corridor concept " " Made in India ‘Medha’ train Chennai-Bangalore Industrial Corridor " Antyodaya Express " Apex Corridor Developmental Authority " Smart Railway Station " Tamra Portal " Yatri Mitra " Mining Surveillance System " National Highways Interconnectivity " Coal Mitra " Vehicle Fleet Modernization Programme " M-SIPS for Electronic Sector " Transit Oriented Development Policy " Indian Enterprise Development Service " Logistic Effi ciency Enhancement Programme " Trade Receivables Discounting System " Indian Bridge Management System " SME Business Environment Index Remarks

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WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

1. Continents Countries and Cities " World Petroleum Congress, Turkey " " Continents and Important Cities of the Kaleshwaram project World " Mega food park in Kapurthala " Important Cities Situated on the " Assam’s disturbed area tag Banks of Rivers " North Koel project " Changed Names of Some Cities, States, and Countries " BIMSTEC " Distinctive Names of Countries/Towns— " Conservation of Pagodas to Bagan Geographical Epithets " Bridge over Mechi River " Regional Grouping of Countries of the World " Pangong Lake " Economic Classifi cation of Countries " World’s most liveable city of the World " Asia Africa Corridor 2. Location in NEWS " Xiamen declaration " " Govardhan Eco village Sir Creek " " City livability index Chakma, Majong Refugees Rohingya " " Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat Cleanest Iconic place Meenakshi temple " " Yethinahole Project OBOR " SMARTGRAM " Hambantota " Kaladan project in Myanmar " Chahbahar Port " Doklam plateau " Gwadar Port " Gilgit-Ballistan " National Waterway – 4 " SCO Summit-Astana " Polavaram project " Bosporus strait " UNESCO creative cities network " Nathu-La " Singapore Changi Naval base " Lisbon " India in Antarctica " Mahadayi tribunal " Concept of Resilient Cities " Jaravas Jaravas " Sericulture " Bengaluru declaration " Blizzards " SASEC road connectivity " New tectonic plate discovered " Doklam Doklam " Report on Palaeo Channel of " dams bottom trawling North West India " Hambantota Port " Cyclones in News Remarks

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ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY

1. Origin of Life forms  Biotic Components " " Origin of Life forms Ecosystem Dynamics  " Life on earth Flow of Energy in Ecosystem  Trophic Levels 2. Basic Concepts of Ecology  Food Chain  Types & Signifi cance of Food Chain " Types of Ecology  Food Web " Ecological Hierarchy  Models for Energy Flow " Scope of Ecology  Ecological Productivity " Habitat & Ecological Niche  Ecological Pyramid " Deep vs Shallow Ecology " Biomagnifi cations " Ecological Principles " Biological Control " Ecological Community  Structure and Characteristics of 4. Population Ecology a Community  Stratifi cation " Types of species  Ecotone " Population Ecology  Ecological Dominance " Population Growth Models  Seasonal and Diurnal Fluctuation " Methodology of Tiger census  Periodicity " Methodology of Lion Census  Turnover 5. Adaptation of Species and  Interdependence Interactions " Ecological Succession "  Types and Process of Succession Adaptation   Climax Community Examples of adaptation in plants  " Range of Tolerance , Maximum Range Examples of Adaptations in animals " " Difference between Ecology , Environment Homeostasis and Ecosystem " Interaction between Species " Ecotone 3. Ecosystem functions " Endemic Species " Ecosystem Defi nitions " Keystone Species " Functions and Properties of Ecosystem " Indicator Species " The Structure/Components of Ecosystem " Invasive Species  Abiotic Components " Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation 34 www.iasscore.in GS SCORE UPSC - PRELIMS SYLLABUS 2019-20

6. Terrestrial ecosystems  Parts of a Biogeochemical Cycle

" Terrestrial ecosystem  Types of Biogeochemical Cycle " Forest Ecosystem in India " Carbon Cycle " Grasslands " Tundra  Steps in the carbon cycle " Deserts Deserts  Carbon cycle: Long term and Short term " Mountains  Carbon act as Climate Buffer 7. Aquatic ecosystem  Human Impact on the Carbon Cycle " Aquatic ecosystem  Effects of high concentration " Factors affecting the productivity of aquatic ecosystems of Greenhouse Gases " Fresh water ecosystem " Hydrological Cycle " Marine ecosystem  Different Steps of the Hydrologic Cycle " Marine Organisms " Plankton  Storage " Phytoplankton " Nitrogen Cycle " Factors Affecting Phytoplankton Biodiversity  Importance of phytoplankton  Human Impact on the Nitrogen Cycle  Zooplankton " Oxygen Cycle  Sea-grass  Seaweeds " Sulphur Cycle " Human Modifi ed Ecosystems  Human Impact on the Sulphur Cycle

8. Nutrient Cycling " Phosphorus Cycle

" Concept of Biogeochemical Cycle  Human Infl uence on Phosphorus Cycle

BIODIVERSITY

1. Basics of Biodiversity 2. Animal and Plant Diversity

" Biodiversity " Plant and Animal Kingdom " Types of biodiversity  Marine Mammals " Patterns of biodiversity  Egg laying Mammals " Bio-geographical classifi cation of World  Marsupials " Bio-geographical classifi cation of India 3. Threats to biodiversity " Functions of biodiversity " Hotspots of biodiversity " Causes of Biodiversity losses " Bio informatics " Effects of Loss of Bio-Diversity " Eco Regions " Extinction of species " Role of Traditional Knowledge in Biodiversity " Mass Extinction " Biopiracy " IUCN Red List and Classifi cation Scheme

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4. Biodiversity Conservation 5. Estuaries

" Scheduled Animals in the Wildlife Protection Act " What are estuaries? " In-situ methods of Conservation " Types of Estuaries  Protected Area Categories " Importance of estuaries  Forms of Protected Areas " Threats to estuaries  Biosphere reserves " Major Estuaries in Indian coastal states  Sacred forests and sacred lakes " Monitoring and Prediction of Health  World Heritage sites of Estuarine and Coastal Waters "  Geo-heritage sites Difference between Lagoon and Estuary "  Advantages of In-situ conservation Estuary ecosystem: Adaptations made in organisms  Disadvantages of In-situ conservation " Conservation of Estuaries " Ex-situ methods of Conservation Advantages of ex-situ preservation: 6. Mangroves Disadvantages of Ex-situ conservation " What are mangroves?  Zoological Parks " Mangroves in India  Botanical Gardens " Importance of Mangroves  Seed banks " Mangroves under threats " National Parks " Legal and Regulatory Approaches " Wildlife Sanctuaries for Protection " Biosphere Reserves " Community based mangrove regeneration " Species based conservation programmes  Project Tiger 7. Coral Reef  Project Elephant " About coral reefs  Project Snow Leopard " What do corals feed on?  Vulture conservation project " Geographical Conditions  Crocodile conservation project " Types Of Coral Reefs  Ganges dolphin project " Uses of coral reefs  Indian Rhino Vision " Concept of Bio-rock reefs  Other projects " Threats to Coral reefs  India adopts SAWEN " Conservation of coral reef " Important Coastal and marine Biodiversity Areas 8. Wetlands " Global initiative "  State of Protected Areas in the World What are wetlands? "  MAB – Man and Biosphere Programme Types of wetlands  World network of Biosphere Reserves " Wetlands in India  Biodiversity Hotspots " Importance of wetlands  CBD – Convention of Biological Diversity " Threats to wetland ecosystems  Cartegana Protocol " Conservation of Wetlands  Nagoya Protocol " About Ramsar Convention  Aichi Biodiversity Diversity " About Asian Water bird Census

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RESOURCE DEGRADATION AND MANAGEMENT

1. Land Resource " Surface Water Resource " " Causes of land degradation Ground Water Resources " Sources of Water Pollution " Impact of land degradation " Measurement of Water pollution " Desertifi cation " Causes of Water Pollution " Sustainable Land Management " Harmful effects of water pollution 2. Forest resource " Other terms associated with water pollution  Algal Bloom " Defi nition of forests by FSI  Eutrophication " Types of Forest Cover  Arsenic contamination of water " Forest Survey of India (FSI report 2017)  Mercury Pollution " Types of Forests In India  Oxygen Stratifi cation " Deforestation 5. Energy Resources " Causes of Deforestation " Consequences of Deforestation " Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion on the Wildlife of India " Tidal Energy " Strategies for Reducing Deforestation " Wave energy " Government Programmes " Fuel Cell for Conservation of Forests " Microbial fuel cell " Biofuels 3. Soil Resource " Biogas " Soil Characteristics and " Geothermal Energy Soil formation process " Solar Energy " Factors Responsible for Soil Formation " New Energy Resources " Soil Forming Processes " Renewable Energy and Development " Soil Profi les and Horizons " Petroleum Conservation Research " Type of Soils Association " Soils in India " Atomic Energy Bill " Soils in World " Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Bill " Soil Erosion " National Electric Mobility Mission Plan " Problems due to excessive irrigation " National Policy on Biofuels " " Soil Conservation Three Stage Nuclear Power Programme " " Soil health card scheme Solar Renewable purchase Obligation " " Organic Farming Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell " New Energy Policy 4. Water Pollution " Energy Organisation

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

1. Basics of Pollution  Effect of Housing on Environment " Sources of pollution  Effect of Power Generation  Effect of Modern Agriculture on Environment on Environment

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 Effect of River Valley Projects " Trash and Other Debris in ocean (Water Resource Projects) on Environment " Microplastics and its impact  Effect of Mining on Environment " Coastal Regulation Zone Notifi cation, 2011  Effect of Transportation Activities on Environment 5. Noise Pollution  Effect of Tourism on Environment " " Classifi cation of pollutants Causes of Noise pollution " " Pollution Indicator species Noise Levels " Effects of Noise Pollution on human health 2. Mining and pollution " Corrective actions

" Mining and Environment 6. Biological Pollution " Sensitivity of Select Ecosystems to Mining " " Impact of Mining Sources of biological pollution " " Indirect Impact of Mining Harmful effects from biological contaminants " International Laws on Mining " Corrective actions " Main Act or Statue to regulate the impact of 7. Radioactive Pollution " Indian Mining Sector " Sustainable Mining " Sources of Radioactive Pollution " Harmful effects of Radioactive Pollution 3. Air pollution " Corrective actions " Causes of air pollution 8. Thermal Pollution " Harmful Effects of air pollution " Top-ten gases in air pollution " Causes of Thermal Pollution " Control of Air Pollution " Effect of Thermal Pollution " Concepts related to Air pollution " Control of Thermal Pollution  Smog and its impact  Ozone depletion 9. Waste Management  Acid rain " Solid waste management  Respirable Suspended  Types of Solid Waste Particulate Matter (RSPM)  What is solid waste management?  Fly Ash  Issues in solid waste management in India  Bharat stage Norm  Waste Management Practices  National Air Quality Index  Technologies for the Generation  Comprehensive Environmental of Energy from Waste Pollution Index  Policy on Promotion of City Compost  Salient features of SWM Rules, 2016 4. Marine Pollution " E-Waste Management " Sources of marine pollution  Pollutants and their health impacts " Effects of marine pollution  E-waste status in India " Concept of dead zone  Importance of the E-waste management " Concept of Ocean acidifi cation  Steps taken for combating mounting " Oil spill E-Waste

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 E-waste (Management & Handling) " Hazardous and Other Wastes Rules, 2016 (Management & Trans-boundary Movement) Rules, 2016 " Biomedical Waste Management " Treatments Methods in Waste Management  Hazards associated with waste management  Methods for sewage treatment  Bio-Medical Waste Management  Treatments Methods for waste Rules, 2016 management " Hazardous waste and its Characteristics " Hazardous waste treatement

CLIMATE CHANGE

1. Climate Change Basics " What is greenhouse effect?

" What is Climate Change? " Non green House Gases and Aerosols " What is Global warming? " Radioactive forcing and global warming " Factors Affecting Climate Change " " Causes of climate change Ecological footprint  Extra-Terrestrial Sources of " Carbon footprint Climate Change " Global Warming Potential (GWP)  Terrestrial Sources of Climate Change  Anthropogenic sources of Climate Change 2. Climate Change Impact " Urbanization and climate change  Pollution in metros and climate change " Impacts of the Climate Change  Real estate boom and environment degradation  Acid Rain  Urban Heat Island  El Nino  Polythene bags and pollution  La Nina  Methane generation from waste " Impact of agriculture on climate  Ozone Depletion  Agriculture increases Carbon  Ocean Acidifi cation Dioxide Emissions " Global Warming & Health  Monoculture practice impacts biodiversity  Health impacts of global warming  Pollution due to use of chemical fertilizers  Mosquito-borne diseases  Soil-related effects   Fertilizer’s Effect on the Environment Ozone depletion and human health  Impact of livestock on environment " Climate change mitigation  Impact of use of Pesticides on  environment Carbon Sequestration  Impact of GM crop on environment  Carbon Sink  Emission of Methane from  Carbon Credit agricultural practices  Sustainable Agriculture Techniques  Carbon Tax

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ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE

1. Acts and Policies " Various Indices relate to Environment " " Constitutional Provisions related to Climate Change Governance environment  United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Conference) " Wildlife Protection Act 1972  " United Nations Environment Programme Environmental Protection Act (UNEP) " National Forest Policy  Montreal Protocol and Kigali Agreement " Biological Diversity Act 2002  The Earth Summit: United Nations " Schedule Tribes and Other Forest Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Rio de " Dwellers Act 2006 Janerio, 1992 " Coastal Regulation Zone  Global Environment Facility (GEF) " Wetland Rules 2010  Rio Declaration: 1992 " National Green Tribunal  Agenda 21:1992 " Ozone Depleting Substance Rules  Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) 2. Environment Impact Assessment  United Nations Convention to Combat (EIA) Desertifi cation (UNCCD)  United Nations Framework Convention on " What is EIA? Climate Change (UNFCCC): 1992 " Brief History of EIA in India " Global Climate Finance Architecture " EIA Process in India 4. India and Climate Change " The 8 steps of the EIA process " " Environmental Appraisal Process India’s Position with regards to policy on Climate Change " Drawback in EIA Process " Observed Climate and Weather " Recommendations for Improvement Changes in India " Environment Management " NAPCC " EIA in India – Sectorial Analysis " Indian Climate Change Assessement  Mining Sector " Indian Policy Structure Relavant to GHG Emissions  Agricultural Sector  Industrial Sector 5. Environment related Institutions in India 3. International Environmental Governance " Pollution Control Boards " National Green Tribunal " UNEP " National Board for Wildlife " UNDP " Animal Welfare Board " Centre for Biological Diversity " Central Zoo Authority " WWF for Nature " National Biodiversity Authority " IUCN - Red List " Birdlife International 6. Environmental schemes in India " International Conventions / Protocols & their Objectives " National Wildlife Action Plan " Sustainable Development Goals " CAMPA

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" Joint Forest Management " Shrinking of Cauvery Delta " Social Forestry " Use of Garbage to Construct Road " National Bamboo Mission " Moss as Pollution Monitor " National Action Plan on Climate Change " Graded Plan for Air Pollution " " Air Quality Index " Ganga Rejuvenation Plan " Polluter Pay Principle " Benefi ts of River Ganga " Pesticide Poisoning  Facts about Ganga River Pollution " Aerosols and its impacts " Anti-Smog guns " Ecomark Scheme " Particulate matter " Swachch Bharat Mission " Nalanda Model of Water Conservation " Swachch Bharat Kosh " Wetland Rules, 2017 " Grants in Aid Scheme " Permaculture and Monoculture " National Afforestation Program " Sand Mining Guidelines " National River Conservation Plan " Coastal Erosion (Parali Island) " National Mission for Clean Ganga " Bottom Trawling to Deep Sea Fishing " National Air Quality Index (AQI) " ‘Wadi’ Model " National Action Programme to Combat " Desertifi cation Re-greening of Village Commons Project " " Pradhan Mantri Sauchalay Yojana Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage " UJALA Scheme " Namami Ganga Programme " Bharat Stage Norms " River Ganga (Rejuvenation, Protection and " Corporate Social Responsibility Management) Authorities Order, 2016 and Environment Protection " Smart Ganga City Scheme 7. APPENDIX " Ganga Task Force " Ganga, Yamuna termed ‘living persons’ " National Parks " National Capacity Building Project " Tiger Reserves of India for Waste Management " Elephant Reserves in India " NGT Bans Plastic " Mike Sites in India " Mission Innovation " Biosphere Reserves " Tribunal – Dumping Waste in Ganga " Biosphere Reserves in UNESCO’s Map List " Ease in Norms for Sewage Plants " Ramsar Wetland Sites " Organic Waste to Make Green Fuel " Natural World Heritage Sites " New Technologies for Waste Management " List of Sacred Groves " Melting of Antarctic Iceberg " Mangrove Sites in India " Melting of Gangotri Glacier " Pollution " Carbon Capture  Key activities and Likely Associate Air Pollutants " Black Carbon  Respiratory Irritants and Toxic Chemicals " 30 th Montreal Protocol and World Ozone Day " El-Nino Caused Record CO2 Spike 8. Recent developments " Glaciers in Asia to sink " Mobile Tower Radiation " Tropics emit more Carbon

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" Climate change impact on Natural " COP-23 Heritage Sites - Impact on Sunderbans " Air Quality Index likely to be added " Marine Diversity in Antarctica under threat to ‘playing condition” " Carbon Credit " HFCs - India to eliminate use by 2030 " 2 nd Kyoto Protocol " Kigali agreement " Green Metro System " Carbon Neutrality Concept " Negative Emissions " Marrakesh Climate Change Conference " Geo-engineering Climate Change " International Solar Alliance (ISA)

" " nd Sequestering CO2 Kyoto Protocol (2 Commitment 2013-20) " Bonn Challenge " Climate Change Performance Index

Remarks

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INDIAN POLITY AND GOVERNANCE

EVOLUTION OF THE CONSTITUTION

1. The Company Rule (1773-1858) " Indian Councils Act, 1909 " " Regulating Act, 1773 Government of India Act, 1919 " Amending Act, 1781 " Simon Commission " Pitt’s India Act, 1784 " Government of India Act, 1935 " Amending Act of 1786 " Indian Independence Act, 1947 " Charter Act, 1793 " Charter Act, 1813 3. Drafting and Sources of Indian " Charter Act, 1833 Constitution) " Charter Act, 1853 " Seminal Sources " External Sources 2. The Crown Rule (1858-1947) " Developmental Sources " Government of India Act, 1858 " Constitutional Practices " Indian Councils Act, 1861 " Important Committees of the Constituent " Indian Councils Act, 1892 Assembly and their Chairman

SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION

1. Constitution and Types " Features of Semi-Presidential System " What is a Constitution? 3. Types of Majorities as per the " Types of Constitution Indian Constitution " Functions of the Constitution " Historical evolution of the Constitution " Absolute Majority " Constituent Assembly " Effective Majority " Objectives of the Constitution " Simple Majority " Unitary features " Special Majority " Federal features 4. Preamble and Values in the 2. Types of Political System Constitution

" Types of Political System " The objectives laid down in the Preamble " Types of Government " Whether the Preamble is a part " Parliamentary form of government of the Constitution or not? " Features of the Presidential System " Whether Preamble can be amended or not?

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" Ideals (mentioned in the Preamble) 6. Doctrine and Terms  Democratic " Doctrine of severability  Sovereign " Validity of Re-Constitutional Laws  Socialist " Doctrine of Eclipse  Secular "  Republic Doctrine of Harmonious Construction  Justice " Doctrine of Pith and Substance  Equality " Doctrine of Colorable Legislation (Article 246)  Liberty Liberty " Doctrine of Territorial Nexus  Fraternity Fraternity " Doctrine of Laches  Integrity " Due Process of Law 5. Amendment of The Constitution " Procedure Established by Law " Procedure for amendment 7. Other Constitutional Dimensions " Types of Amendments " Amendability of FR’s " Schedules and Subjects " Ingredients of basic structure " Offi cial Languages

UNION & ITS TERRITORY

1. ARTICLE 1-4 " Article 3: Formation of new States and alternation of areas, boundaries or " Article 1: Name and Territory of the Union names of existing States " Committee/commission for State " Article 4: Laws made under articles Re-organisation 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment " The State Reorganization Commission of the First and the Fourth Schedule and (SRC) 1953 Supplemental. " Article 2: Admit or Establish new State " Delimitation Commission CITIZENSHIP

1. Constitutional Provisions " Special privileges enjoyed by citizens in India " Constitutional provisions of citizenship " Rights and Duties of Citizens " Citizenship Act, 1955 " The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2016 2. Indian Diaspora  Methodology of getting citizenship  Modes of Losing the Citizenship of India " Pravasi Bhartiya Divas  Concept of dual citizenship " Non-Resident Indians

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

1. Evolution Objectives And Features " Features " Meaning " Importance " Objectives " Restrictive limitations on fundamental rights

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2. Article 12 and Article 13 " Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation " Defi nition of state or religion " Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights " Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs 3. Right to Equality " Article 27: Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion. " Article 14: Equality before the law or the Equal protection of Law " Article 28: Freedom from attendance religious instruction or worship in educational " Article 15: Prohibition of Discrimination institutions on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth " Article 16: Equality of Opportunity 7. Cultural and Educational Rights in matters of Public Employment " Article 29: Protection of interest of Minorities " Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability " Article 30: Right of minorities to establish " Article 18: Abolition of Titles and administer educational institutions

4. Right to Freedom 8. Right to Constitutional Remedies " Article 19 " Article 32: Right to Constitutional " Article 20: (Protection in respect Remedies: of conviction for offenses)  Habeas Corpus " Article 21: Protection of life and  Mandamus personal liberty  Certiorari " Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention  Prohibition  Quo Warranto 5. Right against Exploitation 9. FR’s other Dimensions " Article 23: Prohibition of Traffi c in human beings and forced labour " Article 33 " Article 24: Prohibition of employment " Article 34 of children in factories, etc " Article 35 6. Right to Freedom of Religion " Article 35A

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (DPSP)

1. Evolution, objectives, and features " Article: 42 " " Basic features Article: 43 " " Types Article: 43-A " Amendments " Article: 47 " Implementation 3. Gandhian Principles

2. Socialistic Principles " Article: 40 " Article: 38 " Article: 43 " Article:39 " Article: 46 " Article: 39A " Article: 47 " Article: 41 " Article: 48

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4. Liberal-Intellectual Principles " Article: 51 " Article: 44 " Article: 45 5. Directive Principle Outside Part IV " Article: 48 " ARTICLE 335 IN PART XVI " Article: 48A " " Article: 49 ARTICLE 350-A IN PART XVII " Article: 50 " Article 351 in Part XVII

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

1. Article: 51A " National Anthem - Mandatory " Features in Cinema Halls - Article 51(a) " Relation between of Fundamental Rights " Prevention of Insults to and Fundamental Duties National Honour Act, 1971 " List Of Fundamental Duties " " 86 th Constitutional Amendment Act 2003 : RTE Triple Talaq Issue " Uniform Civil Code Recent developments " MGNREGA: Right to Work " Fundamental Duties - Awareness Campaigns is the Duty of Centre " Making Aadhar mandatory

SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE

1. Centre-State Relations " Inter state councils

" Legislative relations (Articles) 245 " Inter state trade and commerce " Related to Territorial Powers " Zonal Councils " Related to Legislative Powers " Related to Parliament’s Powers 3. Special Provisoions for some States to make Laws in State " Sarkaria Commission’s Opinion " Provisions for Maharastra and on Legislative Relations Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam and Manipur " Administrative Relations " Provisions for Jammu and Kashmir (A370) " Delegation of Union Functions to the States (now abrogated) " Sarkaria Commission’s Opinion on Administrative Relations 4. Types of Emergencies " Financial relations " National Emergency " National Integration Council " Constitutional/State Emergency 2. Inter State Relation /President’s Rule

" Inter state water dispute " Financial Emergency

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UNION EXECUTIVE

1. President " Vacancy " Eligibility " Functions of the Vice-President " Conditions of Offi ce " Term of Offi ce 3. The Prime Minister " Election Election " Appointment " Manner of Election " Eligibility " Impeachment of the President " Powers and Functions of Prime Minister " Impeachment of the President " Relationship between the President " Vacancy in the Offi ce of President and the Prime Minister " Powers of the President " Deputy Prime Minister  Executive powers (Article 53) " Prime Minister’s Offi ce  Legislative Powers  Financial Powers 4. Union Council of Minister  Ordinance Issuing Power (Article 123) "  Judicial/Pardoning Power Article 74: Council of Ministers to aid and advice President  Military " Article 75: Other Provisions as to Ministers  Diplomatic "  Emergency Powers Article 77: Conduct of Business of the Government of India 2. Vice President " Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister " Nature of advice by Ministers " Qualifi cation " Strength of the Council " Conditions of Offi ce " " Term of Offi ce Appointment of a Non-legislator as a Minister " Election " Collective responsibility of the Ministers " Removal " Individual Responsibility of Ministers

UNION LEGISLATURE

1. Organisation of Parliament 2. Parliament, and Rajya Sabha " Organisation of Parliament " Lok Sabha Composition " Qualifi cations and Disqualifi cations for being a Member of Parliament (Article 84) " Rajya Sabha Composition " " Functions of the Parliament Presiding Offi cers of the Parliament " Speaker " Functioning of the Parliament " Powers & Functions of the speaker " Sessions of Parliament " Deputy Speaker " Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings " Panel of Chairpersons of Lok Sabha " Parliamentary Privileges and Immunities " Speaker Pro Tem " Collective Privileges of the House " Chairman of Rajya Sabha " Individual Privileges " Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha " Houses of the Parliament " Panel of Vice-Chairpersons of Rajya Sabha

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" Chairman and Deputy chairman " Annual Financial Statement: Budget of the Council of States (Article 112)

3. Legislative Procedure and " Demand of Grants Committees of Parliament " Appropriation Bill " Legislative Procedure in Parliament " Cut motions " Ordinary Bill " Stages in Enactment of Budget " Money Bill " Other Grants " Financial Bill " " Constitution Amendment Bill Related Information of Budget " Lapsing of Bills " Parliamentary committees

UNION EXECUTIVE

1. Governor " Article 162: Extent of executive power " Article 152: Defi nition of State " Article 153: Governors of States Recommendations on the offi ce of Governor " Article 154: Executive power of State " ARC ( Administrative Reforms Commission)  Powers of Governor " Sarkaria Commission  Executive power " National Commission to Review the  Legislative power working of the Constitution  Financial Power  Judicial Power 2. The Chief Minister and the CoM " Discretionary power " Powers and Functions of Chief Minister " Article 155: Appointment of Governor " Article 156: Term of offi ce of Governor  In Relation to Council of Ministers " Article 157: Qualifi cations for  In relation to the Governor Appointment as Governor  In Relation to State Legislature " Article 158: Conditions of Governor’s offi ce  " Article 159: Oath or affi rmation Other Powers and Functions by the Governor " Composition of the Council of Ministers " Article 160: Discharge of the functions " of the Governor in certain contingencies Responsibility of Ministers " Article 161 " Advocate-General for the State

STATE LEGISLATURE 1. Legislative Assembly 2. Legislative Council (Article 169)

" Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) " Qualifi cations " Powers and Functions " Powers and Functions " Speaker & Deputy Speaker " Parliament’s Control over State Legislature

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LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1. Panchayati Raj 2. Urban Local Government " Evolution of the Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI) " 74 th Constitutional Amendment Act " 73 rd Amendment Act of 1992 " Types of Urban Governments In India " Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions UNION TERRITORIES AND SPECIAL AREAS

1. Union Territories " Special Category Status

" Creation of Union Territories 2. Schedule and Tribal Areas " Administration of UT’s " Administration of Schedule Areas " Special provisions for Delhi " Administration of Tribal areas

THE JUDICIARY 1. The Supreme Court 2. The High Court Subordinate Courts & Lok Adalats " Chief Justice of India " Acting Chief Justice of India " The High Courts " Appointment of Supreme Court Judges " Jurisdiction of the High Courts " Qualifi cations for Supreme Court Judges " Subordinate Courts " Removal of a Supreme Court Judges " Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 " Process of Impeachment " Alternative dispute Resolution " Ad hoc and Retired Judges " Lok Adalat " Salaries and allowances of Supreme " All India Judicial Service Court Judges " E-governance in Judiciary " Chief Justices of India (Since 1951) " Judicial Impact Assessment " Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court " Judges Standards and Accountability " Judicial Independence Bill, 2010 " Judiciary Executive Relations " National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)

CONSTITUTIONAL AND NON CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES

1. Constitutional Bodies " Appointment " Functions and Responsibilities Finance Commission " Constitution Other Constitutional Bodies " All India Services " Functions " Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Comptrollerand Auditor General of India " State Public Service Commission (SPSC) " Comptroller and Auditor-General " Joint State public Service Attorney-General of India Commission (JSPSC)

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" National Commission For SCs " Central Information Commission " National Commission For STs " State Information Commission " Special Offi cer for Linguistic Minority " Lokpal and Lok Ayukta " The Advocate General (Article 165) " National Human Rights Commission 2. Non Constitutional " State Human Right Commission " Special offi cer for linguistic Minorities " CVC (Central Vigillance Commission)

Remarks

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POLITICAL DYNAMICS

1. Political Parties and Election  Problems in the working of parties

" Electoral System in India  Casteism and Politic " Electoral Reforms Since 1988  Strengthening of Anti-defection measures  Salient features of the Representation of People Act, 1950 2. Pressure Groups  Salient features of Representation of Peoples Act, 1951 " Meaning and Techniques  Elections in India " Pressure Groups in India  Electoral reforms since 1988 " Types of pressure groups  Criminalization of politics  Role of pressure group  Negative or neutral voting in developing countries  State funding of Election  Functions of pressure groups in India  Irregularities in polling  Pressure groups methods " Types of Political Parties  " Party System in India Pressure groups and Democracy " Political Parties in India  Criticism of pressure groups

GOVERNANCE

1. Governing Institutions in India " Lokpal " " Structure of Ministries/departments Lok Ayukta " Political head 3. Role of SHG, NGOs, Civil Society " Secretariat organization secretary " SHGs " Functions of the secretariat  Characteristics " Functions of attached and subordinate offi ce  Role of SHGs in development " Other organizations " NGOs " Public sector undertakings  Functions " The Executive organization  Role of NGOs in development " Advantages of the separation of " Micro Finance Institutions secretariat and executive organization.  Salient features " Strengths and weaknesses of the  existing structure Role of MFIs in development " Recommendations for improving 4. Social Sector Bills the Organizational structure " The Juvenile Justice (Care and 2. Audit and other Transparency Protection of Children) Act " initiatives Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016 " Child Labour (Prohibition " CVC and Amendment) Bill, 2016 " CAG " Maternity Benefi t Bill, 2016

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" Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal " Atal Pension Yojana Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act " Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana " Mental Health Care Bill, 2013 " Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana " Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO) " Nai Roshni Scheme " Anti Traffi cking Bill with Stringent Penalty " USTAAD Scheme (Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for " HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Development) Bill- 2014 - Amendments " Nai Manzil Scheme " Domestic Violence Act, 2005 - SC Widens Ambit " Women and Child Development " Rights of Persons with Disabilities " Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Bill, 2014 with more Benefi t " Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana " Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) " Digital Gudda Guddi Board Bill 2016 " Ujjawala Scheme " The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled " Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Janani Suraksha Yojana Amendment Act " Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram " SC/ST 5. Welfare Schemes " Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana Health " Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana " Disability " National Health Mission " Accessible India Campaign " National Ayush Mission (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan) " Jan Aushadhi Scheme " Rural and Urban Development " " Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana " NFHS-4 survey " Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday Abhiyan Education " Shyama Prasad Mukharjee Rurban Mission " Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat " Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana " Mid Day Meal Scheme " Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana " GIAN (Global Initiative of " Swachch Bharat Abhiyan Academic Networks) " Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Gramin " SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active – Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) " Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban " Housing for all by 2022 Start-up and Skill Development " " Start Up India Scheme " Hriday - National Heritage City " Stand up India Scheme Development and Augmentation Yojana " National Student Start-up Policy " AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation " National Skill Development Mission and Urban Transformation) " Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana Inclusive growth " Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana " Measurement criteria " Government initiatives for inclusive growth " Skill Development Initiative Scheme " Basic Amenities: Housing/Drinking Waters/ " Self-Employment & Talent Utilisation (SETU) Sanitations " Atal Innovation Mission " Sustainable Development Vulnerable Sector Rural Development " Social Security " Rural development and poverty alleviation

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" Review of the existing Programmes " SAKAAR " Development Administration " " Panchayati Raj " Namami Gange Project " Agriculture and Rural Development (Integrated Ganga Conservation Mission Project) Miscellaneous schemes " Ganga Gram Yojana " Digilocker " Khelo India " Bharatnet Project (National Optical " Fibre Network) PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation) " INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research) " Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF)

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

1. India’s Foreign Policy 5. Asia – Pacifi c

" Evolution of India’s Foreign Policy " Asia-Pacifi c Region " Post 1990 Scenario " India-South East Asia Relations " Global Issues " India-Asean Cooperation " Indo-Japan Relations 2. South Asia " Indo-Australia Relations " India – Nepal Relations " India – South Korea Relations " India and Bhutan " India-Vietnam " India-Afghanislam Relations 6. Africa " India- Relations " India-Maldives Relations " India-South Africa Relations " India- Relations " India-Nigeria Relations " India-Myanmar Relations " India-Kenya Relations " India-Pakistan Relations " India-Sudan Relations " SAARC " NAM (Non-Alignment Movement): Relevance 7. Europe " India-Russia Relations 3. Central Asia " India-France Relations " Mongolia " India-Germany Relations " Kazakhastan " India-United Kingdom Relations " Tukmenistan " India-EU Kingdom Relations " Uzbekistan 8. US-China 4. West Asia " India-USA Relations " India – UAE Relations " India-China Relations " India IRAN Relations " Israel and Palestine Relations 9. Indian Ocean Region " India – Israel Relations " Seychelles " India – Saudi Arabia " Mauritius " Maldives

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10. Indian Diaspora

" Indian Diaspora in West  Indian Diaspora in Gulf  Indian Diaspora in East and Middle East

Remarks

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ECONOMY

BASIC CONCEPTS

1. Macroeconomic Concepts " Sectors of an Economy " Other Sectors of Economy " Meaning of Economics " Types of Economies 2. Microeconomic Concepts

ECONOMIC MEASUREMENTS

1. National Income Concepts and  WPI, CPI Methods of Calculation  Producer Price Index " National Income  GDP Defl ator  " Real National Income Core Infl ation " " Calculating National Income Change in Reporting of Infl ation " " Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) Measures to Check Infl ation  " National Organizations Related Fiscal Measures to National Income Accounts  Administrative Measures " Latest India’s National Income Estimates  Monentary Measures " New Series of National Statistics (Base Year 2011-12) 3. Economic Growth and " Annual Estimates of Expenditures on GDP Development " Per Capita Income " Economic Growth " Purchasing Power Parity " Economic Development " Lorenz Curve " Measurement of Economic Development " Philip’s Curve " Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) " Gini Coeffi cient " Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) " Different Levels of Economic Development 2. Infl ation " Economy and Environment " Concepts and Types of Infl ation " Environment Taxes " Causes of Infl ation  Carbon Tax " Effects of Infl ation  Green Accounting " Measures of Infl ation " 12 th Five Year Plan and Sustainability

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MONEY AND BANKING

1. Money Function and Classifi cation " Call Rates

" Money Concept " Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) " Measures of Money Supply in India " Bank Rate " Indian currency system " Banking Sector Reforms in India " Broad and Narrow Money " Differentiated Banks " Money multiplier  Payment Banks " Digital Money  " New Monetary Aggregates Small Banks " Monetary Policy " New banking licence " White Label ATM 2. Financial Market and its Instruments " Uni fi ed Payments Interface " Bank Board Bureau " Concept and functions of fi nancial markets " " Importance of money market Marginal Cost of Funds Based Lending Rate (MCLR) " Types of capital market " " Distinguish between capital market Priority Sector Lending Certifi cates and money market " Concept of Micro ATM  Nature and functions of a stock exchange " Banking Reforms  Advantages of stock exchanges " Basel Norms  Limitations of stock exchanges "  The stock exchanges in India Banking Ombudsman " Insurance Industry - Insurance Industry " Development Financial Institutions and Reforms " Insurance Companies " Role of Financial Regulators: SEBI and IRDA " Recent developments in Economic Sector 3. Banking Structure in India  Government to recapitalize the PSB’s

" Scheduled Commercial Banks  RBI rule and regulation " Nationalized Banks for peer to peer (P2P) lending " Public Sector Banks  Domestic Systematically Important Banks  State Bank of India (SIBs) of India " Private Banks  Financial Inclusion in India " Foreign Banks  The Concept of Bad Bank " Regional Rural Banks  Alternative Mechanism Panel " Scheduled Co-operative Banks for PSB consolidation " Reserve Bank of India (RBI)  Employee Provident Fund of India " Methods of Credit Control  Enforcement Department In RBI " Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)  Gold Monetization Scheme (GMS) " Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)  " Repo Rate Indian Post Payment Bank (IPPB) " Reserve Repo Rate  Indian Gold Coins/Gold Bullion Scheme

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PUBLIC FINANCE IN INDIA

1. Budgeting " De fi cit Financing

" Union Budget 3. Centre State Distribution " Plan and Non Plan Expenditure " Finance Commission (A280) " Revenue Receipts 4. Tax Structure in India  Tax Revenue Receipts " Tax – Direct Tax, Indirect Tax  Non-Tax Revenue Receipts " Methods of Taxation – Progressive, Regressive, Proportional 2. Fiscal Policy " Value Added Tax – VAT in India " Fiscal Responsibility and Budget " Goods and Services Tax – GST, Management (FRBM) Act, 2003 GST Council " Revenue Defi cit, Fiscal Defi cit, Primary Defi cit " Service Tax " De fi cit and Surplus Budget " DTC – Direct Tax Code PLANNING

1. Meaning Objectives and History " Central Planning – 5 Year Plans, 20 Point Program, MPLADS " Meaning of Economic Planning " " Objectives of Planning Decentralized Planning " Strategies of Planning 2. Planning Institutions  Harrod Domar strategy  Nehru Mahalonobis strategy " Planning Commission  Gandhian strategy " NITI Aayog  LPG strategy " National Development Council (NDC) " Regional and National Planning " Imperative and Indicative Planning 3. Five Year Plans in India " History of Planning in India " 12 th Five Year Plan (2012-2017) " Visvesvaraya Plan, Gandhian Plan FICCI Proposal, Congress Plan " Alternative Scenarios During 12th Plan Bombay Plan " Economic Reforms " Planning Commission and National Development Council(NDC) " Vision Documents OPEN ECONOMY

1. Foreign Trade Concepts " NRI Deposits " " Balance of Payments Trade Composition " Foreign Capital – FDI, FPI, FII, QFH 2. Trade Policy and Agreements " Foreign Exchange–Exchange Rate NEER & REER, ETF " Import Cover " FERA & FEMA " Import/Export Controls " Capital Account Convertibility in India " Foreign Trade policy 2015-20 " India's External Debt " Export Promotion

GS SCORE www.iasscore.in 57 UPSC - PRELIMS SYLLABUS 2019-20

" General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade " Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AII) " New Development Bank 3. Exchange Rate " African Development Bank " Exchange Market " LERMS 5. Trade Agreements " NEER " RCEP " REER " TPP " ETF " NAFTA 4. International Organization " MERCOSUR " United Nations " Southern African Development " Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Community (SADC) " International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) " ASEAN " International Fund for Agricultural " SAFTA Development (IFAD) " International Labour Organization (ILO) 6. Recent Developments in External " International Maritime Organization (IMO) Sector " International Monetary Fund (IMF) " " International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Global foreign exchange committee " United Nations Educational, Scientifi c " Price capping of medical devices in India and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) " Review of the International Investment " United Nations Industrial Development Agreement (IIA) Organization (UNIDO) " " Universal Postal Union (UPU) India signed the OECD multilateral convention to prevent BEPS " World Bank Group (WBG) (Base Erosion and Profi t Shifting) " International Bank for Reconstruction and " Development (IBRD) Second Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) Bharat 22 " International Finance Corporation (IFC) " " International Development Association (IDA) Double Tax Avoidance Treaty " World Health Organization (WHO) " Preferential Trade Agreement with Chile " World Intellectual Property " Advance Pricing Agreement Organization (WIPO) " National Committee on Trade Facilitation " World Meteorological Organization (WMO) " E-tourist Visa " World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) " " World Trade Organization (WTO) India’s Asylum Policy " Asian Development Bank " Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)

ECONOMIC SECTORS

1. Poverty 2. Employment

" De fi nition and Indices " Employment and Unemployment " Poverty in India " Poverty Eradication and Employment Related Related programs " Human Poverty Index (HPI) " Expert Groups for Estimating Poverty 3. Government Schemes " Inequality and Programs

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" New Social Welfare Schemes 4. Committees " Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana " Ratan P Watal Committee (PMJJBY) on Digital Payment " Other Social Protection Programmes " Committee for Market " Rural Infrastructure and Development Infrastructure Institution (MII) " Urban Infrastructure, Housing and Sanitation " D. P. J. Nayak Committee " Education Schemes " Deepak Mohanty Committee Report on Medium-term Path on Financial Inclusion " Financial Inclusion Schemes " Narasimham Committee Report " Health Schemes on Banking Sector Reforms " Women Empowerment Programmes " Uday Kotak Committee on Corporate " Other Women Empowerment Programmes Governance " Social Security " Nachiket Mor Committee

Remarks

GS SCORE www.iasscore.in 59 UPSC - PRELIMS SYLLABUS 2019-20

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA

1. Policy Development of S&T in India 2. Different Organization Institution

" Role of S&T in the Developing World and Various Department for the " S&T Policy in India S&T  The S&T Policy Resolution in 1958 " List of Various Centre Institutions  S&T Policy of the 1983 and Bureaus  S&T Policy of the 2003 " Ministries and Department for science and  S&T Policy 2013 Technology " Science and technology as a source of Human Resource Development " Institutional structure " Awards related to Science  Department of Science & Technology " New Initiatives Aligned with the National Agenda  CSIR " India and World collaboration in science  Survey of India projects " Technology Vision Document 2035  Science and Engineering Research " National Biotechnology Development Council Strategy 2015-2020  Technology Development Board " National Intellectual Property Rights Policy " Organ donation rules in India  National Accreditation Board " Policy on Synthetic Biology for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

SPACE

1. Space Research Programme, Orbits 2. Satellites, Launch Vehicles and India and Launch Satellite Programmes " " Space Technology Earth Observation Systems " Satellite Communication in India " Indian Space research Programme " Remote sensing applications - IRS Sytems " ISRO and ANTRIX " INSAT Satellite Application " Orbits Type " GSAT Satellite Application " Satellite Launching Systems " Launch vehicle Technology " Terminologies Related to the Space Science " GSLV and Various Engine

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" Recent National and International " OSIRIS-Rex passed by earth to reach Space Missions asteroid Bennu " Cryogenic rockets " Hackathon # Open Gov Data Hack  Global Positioning System " Google Lunar X Prize Competition  Galileo " NASA-ISRO synthetic aperture radar  GLONASS satellite (NISAR)  IRNSS " GSAT-17 heaviest communication  GAGAN satellite of ISRO " Chandrayaan – I & II " Astrosat, Chandra and Hubble " Mars Orbitor Mission Jointly detect massive cosmic explosion  Space Organisations " Scientists create fi rst global map of water  Space race/Space junk on moon " Recent updates " World’s largest aircraft “Strato launch”  : Signifi cance " MOM complete 3 years in orbit  Neutrino Observatory " Solar mission Aditya L-1 in 2019  Solar Mission- ADITYA " Gravitational waves news  Gravitational Waves " Radio galaxies RECENT DEVELOPMENTS " Indigenously developed S-Band " Spitzer Space Telescope Doppler weather radar " Chandra X-Ray Observatory " Kelvin waves " Multi Application Solar Telescope " ISRO made satellite based chip system " Thirty Metre Telescope " TDRS-M NASA " Resourcesat-2A " Neutrino Observatory " Astrosat " Indian Space Vision-2025 " Sunspot  ‘NIRBHAY’ sub sonic cruise missile " Magnetars  Brahmos " Neutron stars  " Air-breathing propulsion system INS Koltar " Space Junk  INS Kiltan " Graveyard Orbit  NAG missile " Super cluster of galaxies known as  Hydrogen bomb “”.  Vikram OPV " NASA: Asteroid impact and  Integrated Quarter Master Package defl ection assessment mission.  INS Kalvari " Commercial use of Lithium-Ion battery technology  Prithvi II " Hyperspectral imaging satellite  Air Independent Propulsion " Water propulsion system in CUBESAT  " Saturn-cassini Mission

IT AND COMMUNICATION

1. Different Regulatory Bodies in " Initiatives in 12th 5 year plan India for ICT " Major Policy Initiatives " Ministry of Communication and National Optical Fibre network information Technology

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" Spectrum Management " Networking : Bluetooth , WiFIHotSpot " Government initiatives " National E Governance Plan " Cyber Law " Recent Developments  Government initiatives 2. Computer Terminology and  Digital India Initiative Fundamental  MeghRaj " History of Computers  Code Free for India " Types of Computer  E-Kranti " Component of Computer system  Bharat Net project " Computer Languages  Bharat QR " Generation of computers  Contemporary debates  Computer terminologies  Net Nuetrality  Supercomputer and its applications  Internet of Things " Display technologies  Big Data Initiative and Privacy " Cathode ray  Cyber crime and security " LCD " LED 5. Spectrum Policy, Broad Band Policy " Plasma Monitors " Spectrum Policy in India " OLED " Spectrum " Mobile Spectrum 3. Mobile Generations and " Broadband Policy in India Technology " Cloud Computing " Defi nition and Impact of ICT on Society " Big Data " Evolution of Telecommunication " " Media Transmission technology Encyption " " Wireless , Optical Fibres, VSAT Biometrics SIM IMEI 3G 4 G VolTE Wi Max " Virtual Reality " Mobile generations " Digital India  Smartphone " QR Codes  Important concepts Recent Developments in IT & Telecom " Quantum computing 4. Internet, Types of Network and " e- Governance Project brainwave " Sagar Vani System " Internet " Locky Ransomware, Petya, WannaCry " WWW " Hindi word for computer i.e., “SANGANAK” " IP " India’s fi rst technology and innovation support " URL centre (TISC) " HTTP " Net neutrality " Computer Security Tools: fi rewalls, hackers " National cyber coordination center " Global Internet Governance e " Hortinet " Internet of things " Digital Transaction Methodologies " Internet Protocol " Block chain Technology " VPN " Bitcoins

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" Cyber Swachhta Kendra " Wi-Fi Technology " Digital Terrestrial Television " Digital Transaction Methodologies Transmission System " Bharat Net Project " Internet of Things

MATERIALS, NANO TECHNOLOGY AND ROBOTICS

1. Superconductivity Laser, Artifi cial  Outer Space Intelligence  Exploration " History Classifi cation and Properties of  Military Robots Superconductors  Disaster Areas " Application of Superconductors  Entertainment " Types and Applications of LASERS  Agriculture " Artifi cial Intelligence and Application  Domestic work " Advantages and Disadvantages of Artifi cial Intelligence 3. Nano Technology

2. Superconductivity Laser, Artifi cial " What is Nanoscience and Nanotechnology? Intelligence " Origination of Nanoscience and Technology " What is Robotics? " Basics of Nanoscience " Robotics Terminologies " Nanomaterials " Laws of Robotics " Applications of nanotechnology " Robotics in India  Nano medicine " Machine vs Computer vs Robots  Semiconductors and computing " Parts of a Robot  Food  Controller  Textiles  Manipulator  Sustainable energy  End Effector  Environment  Sensor  Transport " Classifi cation of Robots  Space  Rolling Robots  Carbon Nanotube  Walking Robots  Graphene  Autonomous Robots  Quantum Dots " Artifi cial Intelligence  Nano Bots " Advantages and Disadvantages of Robot  Agriculture " Applications of Robotics " Adverse Health and Environmental  Industrial Sector Impacts of Nanotechnology  Aerospace " Social and Ethical Impacts:  Healthcare Delivery " Nano-science and Nano-technology in India DEFENCE

1. Defence Technology  On the basis of type

" Organisations  On the basis of launch vehicle " Missile system and classifi cation  On the basis of Range

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 On the basis of propulsion system " Light Combat Aircraft " Ballistic vs Cruise Missile  Unmanned Aerial Vehicle " IGMDP Intergrated Guided Missile  Stealth technology Development Programme   PrithviTrishul Nag Akash Chemical Weapon  Shaurya Missile  Biological Weapon  ASTRA Missile  Dhanush 2. Submarines  Prahaar " Indian Submarines and Naval Ships " Brahmos Missile System " Commissioned Submarines " Anti-Ballistic Missile System " " Frigates Destroyers and Aircraft Carriers Project 75 " AWACS " INS Astradharini

NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

1. Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Fuels " Nuclear Reactors in India " " Types of nuclear reactions Kudankulam Project "  Nuclear Fusion Jaitapur Plant  Nuclear Fission 3. Organisation Institutions " Nuclear Fuel – Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 " Department of Atomic Energy 2. Nuclear Programme in India " BHABHA " N-Power Policy of India 4. Radioactivity  Advantages of Nuclear Energy  Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy " Radiation and Radioactivity " Institutions involved in Nuclear " Radiation Technologies and Applications energy Development, AERB " Radioactive Waste and Nuclear " Safety standards in Nuclear Power plants Waster Management " India’s 3 stage Civil Nuclear Programme " Nuclear & Radiological Disasters

IPR AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES

1. IPR Intellectual Property Rights " Industrial Design " Copyrights " Trades Secrets " Trademarks " IPR and Agriculture " Patents BIOTECHNOLOGY

1. Biotechnology in India " Various Fields of BT " " Department of BT R&D

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2. Genetics and biotechnology  Public acceptance and safety of new biotechnology foods " Industrial genetics " Biotechnology and medicine " Genetic engineering  Pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals " DNA sequencing  Antibiotics " Nucleic acid probes  " Genomics and proteomics Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies  " Bioprocess/fermentation technology Biopharmaceuticals/therapeutic proteins  Pharmacogenetics 3. Biological fuel generation  Molecular biology and human disease " Global warming and the signifi cance  Diagnostics in developing countries of fossils fuels  Gene therapy " Biofuels from biomass  Systems biology and medicine " Bioethanol from biomass " Stem cell biotechnology " Biodiesel " Methane 8. Protection of biotechnological " Hydrogen inventions

4. Environmental biotechnology " Patent protection Trade secrets " Plant breeders’ rights " Microbial Ecology Environmental Biotechnology 9. Recent development in " Waste water and sewage treatment Biotechnology " Landfi lling technologies " Composting " Achievements of Biotechnology in different fi elds " Bioremediation " " Detect and monitoring of pollutants Genome sequencing of Ragi done for the fi rst time in the world " Microbes and the geological environment " GM mustard policy 5. Plant and Forest biotechnology " DNA as storage device " Biomarker " Plant biotechnology " Algae based footwear " Forest biotechnology " Artifi cial Womb 6. Animal and insect biotechnology " U.K. grants gene editing license " " Genetic manipulation and transgenic animals GM Mosquito " Genetically engineered hormone and vaccines " DBT launched “Sohum” an innovative newborn " Animal organs for human patients hearing screening device " Genetically modifi ed insects " Biotech-KISAN scheme " India’s fi rst biomass to ethanol plant & its 7. Food and beverage biotechnology commercialization " " Food and beverage fermentations Digital Biopiracy "  Microorganisms as food, Enzymes Genetically Modifi ed Mosquito and food processing " Designer Babies’ or Three Parents Babies  Amino acids, vitamins and sweeteners " National Biotechnology Development  Organic acids and polysaccharides Strategy 2015-2020

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GENERAL SCIENCE

BIOLOGY

1. Origin of Life and Cells " Animal Evolution " " Cell Structure Human Evolution " Membranes 5. Tissues " Cell-Cell Interactions " " Energy and Metabolism Epithelial tissue " " Respiration Connective tissue " " Cell Division Muscle tissue " Sexual Reproduction 6. Endocrine system

2. Genetics " Hypothalamus " Inheritance " Pineal body (epiphysis) " DNA, The Genetic Material " Pituitary gland (hypophysis) " Gene Expression " Thyroid " Gene Regulation " Adrenal glands " Mutation " Reproductive glands " Recombinant DNA Technology 7. Respiratory System

3. Classifi cation of Living Things " External and Internal Respiration " Classifi cation and Domains of Life " Respiratory system in Plants " General Biology/Classifi cation " Respiratory System in Insects of Living Things/Viruses " Respiratory System in Humans and Animals " Prokaryotes " Eukaryotes 8. The Transport System in Organisms  Protista " Transport system in a Cell  Plants " Transport System in Plants  Fungi " Transport System in Animals  Animals " Blood Vascular System " The Lymphatic System 4. Evolution of Life

" Evolution of Life 9. Skeletal and Muscular Systems

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" Bone and Skeleton System (Osteology) " Non-Communicable diseases " Ligaments (Syndesmology)  Diabetes mellitus " Muscular System (Myology) " Vertebrates 14. Economic Zoology

" 10. Reproductive System Benefi cial animals: Corals - Earthworm - Vermiculture " Asexual Reproduction in Plants " Benefi cial insects - Prawns - Lobsters - " Asexual Reproduction in Animals Crabs - Pearl oysters - Fishes - Guano - " Sexual Reproduction in Plants Aquarium - Vivarium. " Sexual Reproduction in Animals " Harmful animals: Disease causing " Sexual Reproduction in Humans organisms - Vectors - Poisonous organisms - Fouling organisms - Pests. 11. Excretory System

" Excretory products 15. Recent Development " Excretion in plants " India has declared free from Bird fl u " Excretion in Animals " Revised Draft guidelines for stem " Osmoregulation, ADH and formation cell research, 2017 of Urine in Animals " " Physiological and Behavioural Adjustments Therapy for sepsis " Curcumin, A bioactive component 12. Nutrition of turmeric treats cancer " " Classifi cation by Source of Energy Embryo transfer technology and Carbon to increase livestock productivity " Plant Nutrition " “SOHUM’ an indigenously developed " Animal Nutrition newborn hearing screening device " Human Diet " Kyasanur forest disease or monkey " The Digestive System fever developed " Photosynthesis " India Declared Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus, H5N1 and Yaws Free 13. Diseases " Mission Indradhanush " Tuberculosis " New TB Drug Regimen Remarks

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