CONTENTS
HISTORY 05-13 Ancient History ...... 05 Medieval India ...... 06 Modern History ...... 09 INDIAN CULTURE 14-17 Visual Arts ...... 14 Performing Arts ...... 15 Religion, Language and Literature ...... 15 Miscellaneous ...... 16 GEOGRAPHY 18 General Geography ...... 18 Geomorphology...... 18 Oceanography ...... 21 Climatology ...... 22 Bio-Geography ...... 24 Human and Economic Geography of the World ...... 24 Indian Geography ...... 27 World Regional Geography ...... 33 ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT 34-42 Environmental Ecology ...... 34 Biodiversity ...... 35 Resource Degradation and Management...... 37 Environmental Pollution ...... 37 Climate Change ...... 39 Environmental Governance ...... 40 INDIAN POLITY & GOVERNANCE 43-54 Evolution of the Constitution ...... 43 Salient Features of Indian Constitution ...... 43 Union & Its Territory ...... 44 Citizenship ...... 44 Fundamental Rights ...... 44 Directive Principles of State Policy (Dpsp) ...... 45 Fundamental Duties ...... 46 System of Governance ...... 46 Union Executive ...... 47 Union Legislature ...... 47 Union Executive ...... 48 State Legislature ...... 48 Local Government ...... 49 Union Territories and Special Areas ...... 49 The Judiciary ...... 49 Constitutional and Non Constitutional Bodies ...... 49 Political Dynamics ...... 51 Governance ...... 51 International Relations ...... 53 ECONOMY 55-59 Basic Concepts ...... 55 Economic Measurements ...... 55 Money and Banking ...... 56 Public Finance in India ...... 57 Planning ...... 57 Open Economy ...... 58 Economic Sectors ...... 58 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 60-65 Science and Technology in India ...... 60 SPACE ...... 60 IT and Communication ...... 61 Materials, Nano Technology and ROBOTICS...... 63 Defence ...... 63 Nuclear Technology ...... 64 IPR and Other Miscellaneous Issues ...... 64 Biotechnology ...... 64 GENERAL SCIENCE 67-68 Biology ...... 67 UPSC - PRELIMS SYLLABUS 2019-20
HISTORY
ANCIENT HISTORY
1. Pre Historic Times " Geography of the Rig Vedic Period - Area of Settlement " Periodization of Indian Pre History " Political Organisation and Evolution of " Sources of Pre History Monarchy " Palaeolithic Or Old Stone " Social Organization " Mesolithic Or Middle Stone Age " Economy " Neolithic Age Or New Stone Age " Religious Practices and Culture " Chalcolithic Age " Major Chalcolithic Cultures 4. Later Vedic Period " Early Iron Age " Geography of the later Vedic Phases " Geographical Distribution and Characteristics - Area of Settlement " Political System 2. Indus Valley Civilization " Social Organisation and Varna System " IVC Geography and Archaeological Findings " Economy Major cities " Religious Practices and Culture Town Planning " IVC Society and Culture 5. Jainism Script and Language " Birth and Life of Mahavira (540- 468 B.C.) Crafts " Teachings of Mahavira Religions " Organisation and Sects of Jainism Seals and Images " Literature of Jainism " IVC Economy " Councils, Spread and Royal Patrons Harappan Trade Agriculture 6. Buddhism Domestication of animals " Birth and Life of Buddha (563-483 BC) Weights and Measures " Teachings of Buddha " Decline of Harappan Culture " Organisation and Sects of Buddhism 3. Rig Vedic Period " Literature of Buddhism " Councils, Spread of and Royal Patronage " Sources for Reconstructing Vedic Society and Culture " Causes for the Decline
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7. Mahajanapadas Period 10. Gupta Period
" Republics and Monarchies " Sources of Gupta Rule " 16 Mahajanapadas " Rulers and Political history of Guptas " Magadha Chronology " Key Dynasties " Foreign Travellers Visit – Fahien’s Visit Haryanka dynasty " Gupta Administration Shishunaga Dynasty " Other Important Dynasties Nanda Dynasty " Society Religion and Culture " Persian Invasions " Urban centres in Gupta period " Alexander’s Invasion " Economy " Society and Rise of urban centres " Science and Technology " Economy " Literature " System of Administration " Later Guptas 8. Mauryan Empire " Other Important Dynasties
" Sources: Inscriptions and Sites and 11. Harshavardhana Period Literary Sources (The Arthasastra) " Rulers and Political History of the Mauryas " Harsha Military Conquests Chandragupta and Bindusara " Harsha and Buddhism Megasthenes " Administration Asoka and His Successors " Society and Culture " Asoka’s Inscriptions and Sites " Economy " Asokan Reign " Asoka and Buddhism 12. Sangam Period (South Indian " Asoka Policy of Dhamma Dynasties) " Mauryan Administration " Sangam Literature " Foreign Relations " South Indian Dynasties " Decline of the Mauryas Cholas 9. Post-Mauryan India Cheras Pandyas " Society: Evolution of Jatis " " Satavahanas Sangam Polity, Society and Culture " " Sungas and Kanvas Economy of Sangam Period " Sakas " Foreign Dynasties " Kushanas " Commercial Contacts with the Outside World " Kanishka " Schools of Art
MEDIEVAL INDIA
1. Major Dynasties (750-1200) of Early " The Palas (8th to 11th Century) Medieval India " The Tripartite Confl ict " The Senas (11th to 12th Century) " The Pratiharas (8th to 10th Century) " The Rajaputas
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" Pallavas 5. Struggle for Empire in North India (Afghans, Rajputs and Mughals) " Chalukyas " Rashtrakutas " Struggle between Ibrahim Lodi and Babur " Indian Feudalism " The Battle of Panipat " Administration " Babur’s problems after the Battle of Panipat " " Society and Culture Struggle with RanaSanga " " Economy and the decline of Trade Problems of the Eastern Areas and the Afghans " Babur’s Contribution and Signifi cance of 2. Cholas and Other South Indian his Advent into India Kingdoms " Humayun and the Afghans " " Chola Rulers and Political History Early Activities of Humayun, and the Tussle with Bahadur Shah " Chola Administration " The Gujarat Campaign " Socio-Economic Life " The Bengal Campaign, and Struggle " Education and Literature with Sher Khan " The Cheras (9th to 12th Century) 6. The Establishment of the North " The Yadavas (12th to 13th Century) Indian Empire " Contact with South-East Asia " Social and Political Background of Bihar 3. Early Muslim Invasions and the Rise of Sher Shah to Power " The Sur Empire (1540-56) " The Arab Conquest of Sindh " Contributions of Sher Shah " Mahmud of Ghazni Coinage " Muhammad Ghori Architecture
4. The Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 7. Consolidation and Expansion of the AD) Empire - Akbar " Slave Dynasty " Con fl ict with the Afghans - Hemu " Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 AD) 2 nd Battle of Panipat " Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414 AD) " Struggle with the Nobility: Bairam Khan’s " Provincial Kingdoms and Resistance Regency; Revolt of Uzbek Nobles by Indian Chiefs " Early Expansion of the Empire " Sayyid Dynasty (1560-76) - Malwa, Garh-Katanga, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Eastern India " Lodi Dynasty " Relations with the Rajputs - Growth of a " Attacks by Mongolas and other Turks Composite Ruling Class " Administration " Rebellions, and Further Expansion " Economy of the Empire in the North West " Urbanization 8. State and Government under Akbar " Society and Culture " Akbar’s Concept of Suzerainty " Scienti fi c Knowledge and legal System " Structure of Government, Central and " Challenges leading to the decline of Provincial -the Vikalat, the Central Ministries, the Sultanate Provincial
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" Government, District and Local Government " Jahangir as a Ruler " The Working of Government - the Ruler, " State and Religion in the First Half of the Land-Revenue System, the Dahsala System, Seventeenth Century the Mansabdari System and the Army " Shah Jahan - Consolidation and Expansion of the Empire 9. Akbar’s Religious Views " Evolution of the Mughal Ruling Class and the Mansabdari System " Relations with the Ulama and Social Reforms " The Early Phase (1556-73) 13. Climax and Crisis of the Mughal " The Second Phase (1573-80) - the Ibadat Khana Empire: The Marathas and the " Debates - the Mahzar - Breach with Orthodox Deccan " Ulama - Re-organisation of " Rise of the Marathas - Early Career of Shivaji Madadd-i-Maash Grants " Treaty of Purandar - the Agra Visit " Third or Final Phase - Din-i-Ilahi - State " Aurangzeb and the Deccani States (1658-87) " Policies and religious toleration " Marathas and the Decean (1687-1707) 10. The Deccan and the Mughals (Up to " Assessment of Aurangzeb and the 1657) Jagirdari Crisis
" The Deccani States up to 1595 14. The Maratha and Other Indian " Mughal Advance towards the Deccan States and Society in The 18th " Mughal Conquest of Berar, Khandesh Century and Parts of Ahmadnagar " The Marathas and their Policy of Expansion " Rise of Malik Ambar " The Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk " Mughal Attempt at Consolidation (1601-27) " The Maratha Advance into Gujarat and Malwa " Extinction of Ahmadnagar, " The Maratha Advance into Doab and Punjab: Acceptance of Mughal " First Phase (1741-52); Second Phase " Suzerainty by Bijapur and Golconda (1752-61); " Shah Jahan and the Deccan (1636-57) " Third Battle of Panipat " Cultural Contribution of the Deccani States " Shivaji (1627-1680) " Shivaji’s administration 11. Foreign Policy of the Mughals " Successors of Shivaji " Akbar and the Uzbeks " The Peshwas (1713-1818) " The Question of Qandahar and Relations " Other Indian States ( The Bhonsles with Iran The Gaikwads Holkars Sindhias) " Shah Jahan’s Balkh Campaign " Economic Condition in 18th Century " Mughal - Persian Relations - the Last Phase " Social and Cultural Life
12. India in the First Half of the 15. Vijayanagar Empire Seventeenth Century " Sources " Jahangir’s Accession - his Early Diffi culties " Political History " Territorial Consolidation and Expansion " Administration of the Empire - Mewar, East India and Kangra " Social and Cultural Life " NurJahan, and the NurJahan ‘Junta’ " Economic Condition " The Rebellions of Shah Jahan, and the coup de main of Mahabat Khan " Con fl icts with the Bahmani Kingdom
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16. Regional States in the Medieval 18. Society-Structure and Growth Period " Rural Society " Regional States of North and South India " Towns and Town Life (Bahmani, Bengal, Avadh, The Sikhs, Rajput States Jats Hyderabad Mysore) " Artisans and Master-Craftsmen " Social and Cultural Conditions " Women " Economic Conditions " Servants and Slaves " Military Conditions " Standard of Living " 17. Northern India in the First Half of The Ruling Classes - Nobility, Rural Gentry the Eighteenth Century " The Middle Strata " The Commercial Classes " Bahadur Shah I, and the Beginning of the Struggle For Wizarat 19. Economic Life-Patterns and " Rajput Affairs Prospects " Marathas and the Deccan - Accentuation of the Party Struggle " Inland Trade " Struggle for ‘New’ Wizarat: Zulfi qar " Khan and Jahandar Shah (1712-13) Overseas Trade - Role of Foreign Trading " " The Saiyid Brothers’ Struggle for ‘New’ Wizarat Companies - Position of Indian Merchants Over-land Trade " The Saiyid ‘New’ Wizarat " The Mughal State and Commerce " The Wizarat of M. Amin Khan and Nizam-ul-Mulk " Trend of India’s Economy and Prospects " Rise of Regional States, Beginning of during the First Half of the Eighteenth Foreign Invasions of India (1725-48) Century
MODERN HISTORY
1. The Advent of Europeans In India 2. British Expansion in India " The Portuguese in India " Bengal " " De Almeida Anglo Maratha Wars " " Albuquerque The Subsidiary Alliance System " Second Phase of British " Causes of failure of Portuguese empire in India Expansion In India " The Dutch in India " The Conquest of Sindh " The Danes in India " Anglo-Sikh Wars " The English " Doctrine of Lapse " The French " Annexation of Oudh " Anglo-French Rivalry " First Carnatic War 3. Administration before 1857 " Rise of the Hyderahad State " The Dual System " The Second Carnatic War " The Charter Acts " The Third Carnatic War " Judicial System " Causes of English Succes " Impact of British Administration
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4. Economic Policies of The British " Public Services " " Phase of Mercantilism (1757-1813) Princely States " Phase of Free Trade (1813-1858) " Foreign Policy " Phase of Finance Imperialism (1858 onwards) 8. Development of Civil Services " Land Revenue Policy Ryotwari " Indian Civili Services Act, 1861 Mahalwari " Aitcision Comminittee on Public Services (1886) Permanent Settlement " Montford Reforms (1919) " Impact of British Policy on Indian Economy " Lee Commission (1924) " Drain of Wealth Theory " Government of India Act, 1935
5. Impact of British Administration 9. Development of Education " Industrialization—Ruin of Artisans and " Charter Act of 1813 Handicrafts men " Orientalist-Anglicism Controversy " Impoverishment of Peasantry " Efforts of Thomson " Emergence of New Land Relations, Ruin of Old Zamindars " Wood’s Dispatch (1854) Hunter Education " Stagnation and Deterioration of Agriculture Commission (1882-83) " " Commercialization of Indian Agriculture Indian Universities Act, 1904 " " Development of Modern Industry Government Resolution on Education Policy—1913 " Rise of Indian Bourgeoisie " Saddler University Commission (1917-19) " Economic Drain " Education Under Dyarchy " Famine and Poverty " Hartog Committee (1929) " Nationalist Critique of Colonial Economy " Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937) " Abolition of the Dual System " Sergeant Plan of Education 6. The Revolt Of 1857 " Kothari Education Commission (1964-66) " " Causes of the Revolt Development of Vernacular Education " Economic Causes Development of Technical Education " Political Causes Evaluation of British Policy on Education Administrative Causes 10. Development of Press Socio -Religious Causes Infl uence of Outside Events " Different Publications and Journals Discontent Among Sepoy’s " Acts related to Press " Centres and Spread of the Revolt Vernacular Press Act, 1878 " Leaders of the Revolt " Struggle by Early Nationalists to " Causes of Failure of the Revolt Secure Press Freedom , " Nature and Impact of the Revolt " During and After the First World War " Consequences " During the Second World War " After Independence 7. Administrative Changes After 1857 11. Socio-Religious Reforms " Administration - Central, Provincial, Local " Changes in the Army " Factors causing Reforms
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" Directions of refroms 14. Revolutionary Nationalism " Hindu Reform Movements " Early Phase Indian National Congress " Reform Movements Among Muslims " The Moderate Congress (1885-1905) " Sikh Reform Movement " Opinion Against Economic Exploitation " Parsi Reform Movement Administrative Reforms Constitutional Reforms : Weaknesses & Evaluation Parsi Religious Reform Association " The Extremist (1905-1920) " Signifi cance of Reform Movements Terrorist Movements " Impact of Reform Movements The Revolutionary Movement 12. Personalities Reasons for Failure Revolutionary Activities in Maharashtra " Raja Ram Mohan Roy Revolutionary Activities in Bengal " Swami Vivekananda Revival of Revolutionary Nationalism " Swami DayanandaSaraswati Surya Sen " Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Revolutionary Activities Outside India " Keshab Chandra Sen The Indian Independence Committee " Sri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa in Berlin " Mahadev Govind Ranade " Differences between the Moderates and the " Annie Besant–Theosophical Society Extremists " Syed Ahmad Khan " Baba Dayal Das 15. Indian National Movement – I (1905-1918) " Pandita Ramabai Sarojini Naidu " Jyotiba Phule " Partition of Bengal (1905) " Dr.Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar " Swadeshi Movement " Muslim League, 1906 13. Peasant, Tribal and Other " Surat Session of INC, 1907 Movements " Indian Council Act (Morley-Minto Act) 1909 " Tribal Movements " Ghadar Party, 1913 Bhil Uprising " Komagata Maru Incident 1914 Kol Uprising " The Lucknow Pact (1916) Santhal Rebellion " Home Rule Movement (1915–1916) Jaintia and Garo Rebellion " August Declaration, 1917 Rampa Rebellion Munda Rebellion 16. Indian National Movement –II Khonda Dora Uprisings (1918-1929) Tana Bhagat Movement " World War I-Reforms and Agitation " Peasant Movements " Champaran Satyagraha (1917) Champaran Satyagraha " Ahmadabad Mill Strike (1918) Kheda Peasant Struggle " Kheda Satyagraha (1918) Bardoli Movement " The Government of India Act, 1919 Moplah Rebellion " Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Tebhaga Movement Massacre (1919) Telangana Movement " Khilafat Movement
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" The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) " Jinnah’s Direct Action Resolution " Bardoli Resolution " Mountbatten Plan of June 1947 " Nagpur Session of Congress " Indian Independence Act 1947 " Swaraj Party and its Evaluation 18. Governor Generals During British " Muddiman Committee (1924) India " Simon Commission (1927) " Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) " Governor of Bengal (Before 1773) " Nehru Report (1928) " Governor Generals of Bengal (1773-1833) " Jinnah’s Fourteen Points " Governor Generals of India (1832-1858) " Lahore Session, 1929 " Viceroy and Governor Generals of India (1858-1947) " Allahabad Address (1930) List 17. Indian National Movement - III " Robert Clive (1754-1767) (1930-1947) " Lord Warren Hastings (1773-1785) " Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) " Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1931) " Sir John Shore (1793-1798) " First Round Table Conference, 1930 " Lord Arthur Wellesley (1798-1805) " Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 1931 " Lord George Barlow (1805-1807) " Karachi session of 1931 " Lord Minto-I (1807-1813) " Second Round Table Conference, 1931 " Francis Rawdon Hastings (1813-1823): " Civil Disobedience Movement (Second-Phase) (Marques of Hastings) " Third Round Table Conference " Lord Amherst (1823-28) (17 November 1932) " " Communal Award Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835) " " Poona Pact, 1932 Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835-1836) " " Government of India Act, 1935 Lord Auckland (1836-1842) " " World War II and Indian Nationalism Lord Ellenborough (1842-1844) " " Resignation of Congress Ministers (1939) Lord Hardinge-I (1844-1848) " " Poona Resolution and Conditional Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856 great Support to Britain (1941) imperialist and colonist) " " August Offer of 1940 Lord Canning (1856-1857 and 1858-1862) " " The Individual Civil Disobedience Lord Elgin-I (1862-1863) " " Two-Nation Theory Lord Lawrence (1864-1869) " " Demand for Pakistan (1942) Lord Mayo (1869-1872) " " Cripps Mission (1942) Lord Northbrook (1872-1876) " " Quit India Movement Lord Lytton (1876-1880) " " Azad Hind Fauj Lord Rippon (1880-1884) " " Indian National Army Lord Dufferin (1884-1888) " " I.N.A. Trials Lord Lansdowne (1888-1894) " " R.I.N. Rebellion Lord Elgin-II (1894-1999) " Rajagopalachari Formula, 1945 " Lord Curzon (1899-1905) " Desai - Liaqat Pact " Lord Minto-II (1905-1910) " Cabinet Mission (1946) " Lord Hardinge-II (1910-1916) " Wavell Plan " Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921)
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" Lord Reading (1921-1926) " Charter Act of 1813 " Lord Irwin (1926-1931) " Charter Act of 1833 " Lord Willingdon (1931-1936) " Charter Act of 1853 " Lord Linlithgow (1936-1944) " Government of India Act 1858 " Lord Wavell (1944-1947) " The Indian Councils Act 1861 " Lord Mountbatten (1947-1948) " Indian Councils Act 1892 " Indian Councils Act 1909 or Morley - 19. Constitutional Development in Minto Reforms India " Government of India Act 1919 or Montague - " Regulating Act 1773 Chelmsford Reforms " Pitts India Act of 1784 " Government of India Act 1935 " Charter Act of 1793 " Indian Independence Act, 1947 Remarks
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INDIAN CULTURE
VISUAL ARTS
1. Architecture Sikh Style of Architecture " Harappan Period Avadh (Oudh) Style " Mauryan Architecture Rajput Architecture " Post-Mauryan Period Jaina Art " Gupta Period " Modern Architecture " Temples of Khajuraho European Infl uence " Temples of Odisha Portuguese " Temples of Gwalior Danish " Temples of Gujarat British " Temples of Rajasthan Indo-Saracenic Architecture " Temples of Bengal Post-Independence Period " Temples of Assam " Temples of Himachal Pradesh 2. Sculptures " Temples of Jammu and Kashmir " Sculptures of Harappan Civilisation " Pallava Period Temples " Sculptures of Mauryan Age " Chola Period Temples " Post-Mauryan Period " Pandya Temples " Jain Sculptures " Vijaynagar Period Temples " Buddhist Sculpture " NayakaTemples " " Temples of Kerala Gupta Sculpture " " Rashtrakuta Period Temples Medieval School of Sculpture " " Schools of Temple Architecture Modern Indian Sculpture Nagara Style 3. Paintings Vesara Style Hoysala Style " Cave Paintings Dravidian Style " Tradition of Mural Paintings in India " Indo-Islamic Architecture " Tradition of Miniature Paintings in India Imperial Style (Delhi Sultanate) " Paintings in the Deccan Provincial Style " Rajput School of Painting Mughal Style " Pahari School of Painting
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" Miniature Painting in South India " Black and Red Ware (BRW) " Regional Paintings " Painted Grey Ware (PGW) " Modern Paintings " Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) " Contemporary Paintings " Glazed and Unglazed Pottery
4. Pottery Tradition 5. Numismatics
" Ochre: Coloured Pottery(OCP) " Coinage
PERFORMING ARTS
1. Music in India " Forms of Traditional Martial Arts " " Classical Indian Music Animal Sports Hindustani Music 4. Indian Theatre Gharanas Carnatic Music " History of Theatre in India " Main Pillars of Indian Music " Classical Sanskrit Theatre " Forms of Indian Music " Traditional Theatre " Musical Instruments " Regional Theatre " Institutions Related to Music in India " Modern Theatre in India " Folk Music " Renaissance of Indian Theatre " 2. Dances in India Cinema in India History of Indian Cinema " Concept of Dance in India Classifi cation of Indian Cinema Film " Concept of Ashta Nayika " Rasa and Bhava 5. Indian Puppetry " Eight Classical Dance Forms in India " String Puppets " Folk Dances " " Modern Dances Shadow Puppets " Rod Puppets 3. Sports in India " Glove puppets " Various Type of Sports " Modern Puppetry " Genesis of Martial Arts " Tribal Puppetry RELIGION, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
1. Religions in-India " Sikhism " " Pre-Vedic Religion Islam " Hinduism " Christianity " Buddhism " Zoroastrianism " Jainism " Judaism
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" Philosophy in India " Odia Literature " Bhakti Movement " Assamese Literature " Saints of Bhakti Movement " Bengali Literature " Sufi sm " Gujarati Literature
2. Languages and Literature in India " Rajasthani Literature
" Classical Language " Punjabi Literature " Sanskrit Literature " Marathi Literature " Pali Literature " Hindi Literature " Prakrit Literature " Persian Literature " Tamil Literature " Telugu Literature " Urdu Literature " Malayalam Literature " Infl uence/Contribution of foreign languages & " Kannada Literature Literature to India language
MISCELLANEOUS
" Government Cultural Institutions in India " Bharat Parv " UNESCO’s List of Cultural Heritage in India " Orange Festival Nagpur " Protection and Promotion of Indian " Protest against Sunburn fest Culture and Heritage :Legal Provisions " 2017 Teesta Rangit Tourism Festival " Schemes and Awards " Ganga sagarmela Awards and Honours Associated with " Nabakalebar Rath Yatra Culture " Chapchar Kut Festival International Yoga Day " Hornbill Festival Indian Handicrafts " Wangala Festival " Personalities Related to Culture " Schemes for Cleanliness of Tourist Places " Places of Cultural Interest " Swachh Bharat Swachh Smarak " The Calendar & the Eras " ‘Swachh Bharat Swachh Paryatan’ " Science and Technology in Ancient India " Incredible India 2.0 Campaign " Schemes for Development of Cultural Heritage Recent developments " Sanskriti App " Important Festivals " Cultural Mapping of India " Kheer Bhawani festival " Schemes for Monument Development " Mahapushkaram " HRIDAY " Bathu kamma " SWADESH DARSHAN " Manipur Sangai Festival " PRASAD SCHEME " Losar festival " AdarshSmarak Yojana " Intangible Cultural Heritage under " Cultural Scheme Monitoring System UNESCO has inscribed ´Kumbh Mela’ " Schemes for promotion of Culture " Sankalp Parva-Sankalp se Siddhi’ " Schemes for Serious Literature and " Paryatan Parv Litterateurs
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" National Mission on Monuments and " UNESCO Creative Cities Network Antiquities " UNESCO Global Geopark " National Mission on Manuscripts " National Virtual Library of India " Gandhi Heritage Sites Mission " Jallikattu " Muziris Heritage Site " Kambala " International Initiatives for Cultural " GI Tag Development and Recognition Defi nition " Project Mausam GI vs. Trademark " International Buddhist Conclave Rights under GI " World’s Heritage Famous Goods " UNESCO inscribes Yoga in the Latest addition representative list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity " Rashtriya Ekta Diwas
Remarks
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GEOGRAPHY
GENERAL GEOGRAPHY
1. Universe " Evolution of the Earth Layered Structure " Theories of development of Universe Evolution of Lithosphere " Galaxy Evolution of Atmosphere " Star formation Evolution of Hydrosphere " Planet formation " Latitude and Longitude including " Solar system important Parallels and Meridians " " Moon Motions of the Earth - Rotation, Revolution and their effects " Asteroid " Inclination of the Earth’s Axis and its effects " Meteor " Time Zones, Local and Standard " Kupier belt Time and the International Date Line, " Comets Comets Calendar " Dwarf planets " Eclipses - Solar, Lunar " Earth’s magnetic fi eld 2. Earth Evolution " Earth’s Geological time scale " Geological History of Earth " ORIGIN of LIFE
GEOMORPHOLOGY
1. Earth’s Interior Minerals – Feldspar, Quartz, Pyroxene Amphibole, Mica , Olivine " Interior of the Earth Physical Characteristics–Crystal Form, Crust Crust Cleavage Fracture, Lusture, Color, Streak Mantle Transparency, Structure, Hardness, Core Specifi c Gravity " Sources of Information Metallic minerals – precious Direct Ferrous, Non Ferrous Indirect - Earth Quake Waves Volcanoes Non-metallic Minerals – Sulphur, " Theories – Suess Theory Phosphates, Cement " Rocks (Aggregate of Minerals) 2. Geology and Rock system Petrology " Minerals Rocks & landforms " Major Elements of the Earth’s Crust Rocks & Soils
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3 Family of Rocks Lopoliths Igneous Phacoliths Sedimentary Sills Metamo rphic Dykes
3. Geomorphic Processes 5. Distribution of Continents & Oceans " Earth’s Surface " ories Exogenic Forces The Continental Drift Theory Endogenic Forces Alfred Wegner Gradation , Degradation & Agradation Pangea, Panthalasa " Endogenic Forces Laurasia, Gondwanaland Diastrophism Evidence in support of Continental Orogenic Orogenic Drift Theory Epierogenic Jigsaw Fit Earthquakes Rocks of Same age across oceans Plate movements Tillite Volcanism Placer Deposits " Exogenic Forces Distribution of Fossils Denudation Processes " Isostacy Weathering " Sea Floor Spreading Mass movements " Forces of Drifting Erosion Transportation & Deposition Pole Fleeing Force Tidal Force 4. Earthquakes and Volcanism " Post Drift Studies " Earthquakes Convectional Current Theory Waves: P,S, Body, Surface, Mapping of the Ocean Floor Shadow Zone " Plate Tectonics Types of Earthquakes Lithospheric Plates - Major Plate - Minor Plates Effects " Plate Boundaries – Divergent Frequency – Convergent – Transform Locating an Epicentre " Rates of Plate Movements " Volcanism " Force of plate movement Types Types " Indian Plate Shield Composite 6. Landforms and their evolution Caldera " Causes Flood Basalt Geomorphic Processes Mid Ocean Ridge Geomorphic Agents Landforms (intrusive) " Geomorphic Agent Batholiths Erosional or Destructional Lacoliths Depositional or Constructional
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" Agents and their Impacts - Wind, Running Pools - Swallow Hole, Valley Sinks Water, Ground Water, Glaciers, (Uvalas), Sinkholes, Collapse sinks Waves & Currents (Dolines), Lapies, Ridges, Limestone Pavements " Winds Caves – Altering bed of Rocks As agents in Hot deserts (Shale sandstone quartzit, Cause – Defl ation Abrasion Impact Caves and Tunnels Erosional landforms Depositional landforms Pediments and Pediplains Stalactites Playas Stalagmites Defl ation Hollows and Caves Pillar Columns Mushroom , Table & Pedestal Rocks " Glaciers Depositional Landforms Erosional Landforms Barchans Cirque of Tarn Lakes Seif Hors and Serrated Regions – Arete Parabolic Glacial Valleys / Troughs – Fiords Transverse Depositional Landforms Longitudinal Glacial Tills " Running Water Moraines Erosional Landforms Eskers Valleys Outwash Planes Rills Drumlins Gullies " Waves and Currents Valleys – V Shape , Gorge High Rocky Coasts & (Hard Rocks), Canyon Low Sedimentary Coasts (Sedimentary) Erosional Landforms
Potholes & Plunge pools Cliffs
Incised or entrenched meanders Terraces
River Terraces – paired & unpaired Caves Depositional Landforms Stacks Alluvial Fans Depositional Landforms
Delta Delta Beaches and Dunes Flood plains, Natural Levees, Bars, Barriers, Spits Point Bars Weathering Meansders, Slip off bank, Under cut bank " Factors Oxbow lake Geological Braided Channels Climatic " Ground Water (Karst Topography) Topograhic Permeable Rocks Vegetative Percolation " Major Processes Bedding Plains Chemical Limestone and Dolomite Regions Physical or Mechanical Balkans , Adjacent to Adriatic regions Biological Erosional Landforms " Chemical – Forces Chemical Action
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Solution Exfoliation (Flakin) – Exfoliation Domes Carbonation " Signifi cance of Weathering Hydration Soil Formation Oxidation & Reduction Biomes and Biodiversity " Physical Forces Gravitational, Leaching / Enrichment Expansion, Water Pressure Unloading & Expansion " Mass Movements Temperature changes and Expansion Activating causes Freezing, Thawing, & Frost Wedging Forms of movement – Heave Flow Slide Salt Weathering " Biological Weathering 7. Landforms across the world Burrowing " Rivers and lakes (Factual) Wedging " Plant Roots Mountain and Peaks (Factual) " Effects of Weathering " Plateaus ( Factual)
OCEANOGRAPHY 1. Hydroshpere 3. Temperature and Salinity
" W ater on the Surface of the Earth " Temperature of the Ocean Water " Hydrological Cycle Vertical Component Spatial Processes Factors affecting Temperature distribution Latitude 2. Submarine Relief Features Unequal distribution of land & Water
" Oceans Prevailing wind Ocean Currents " Relief of the Ocean fl oor Horizontal & Vertical Distribution " Divisions of the ocean fl oor " Salinity of the Ocean Water Continental Shelf Factors affecting salinity Continental Slope Evaporation and precipitation Deep sea plain Fresh water fl ow from rivers Oceanic deep and Trenches Ocean currents " Minor relief features Horizontals distribution of salinity Mid oceanic ridges Vertical Distribution of salinity Seamount " Density of Ocean Waters Submarine canyons Guyouts 4. Waves, Ocean Currents, Tides Volcanic Islands " Movements of ocean Water Fracture Zones " Factors infl uencing Movement Hotspots Temperature Coral Islands Salinity Atoll Density
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" Motion – Horizontal and Vertical Currents Types of ocean currents: " Waves Surface currents & Deep water currents based on Depth Motion of waves and water molecules Cold and Warm Currents based Characteristics of wave on Temperature Crest and Trough Major Ocean currents of the World Height Effects of Ocean Currents Amplitude Period 5. Marine Resources Length " Underground water resource Speed " Surface water resources Frequency " Inland water resources: Utilization " Tides of inland water resources Relation between Gravitational " Oceanic Water Resources (Marine Resource) Forces and Tides " Utilization of oceans by man Tidal currents " Water consumption patterns Types of Tides " Conservation of Water Resources Based on Frequency – " Semi Diurnal, Diurnal, mixed Techniques of Water Conservation Based on SME position – spring and Neap Tides 6. Ocean Deposits and Corals Importance of Tides " Terrigenous Deposits " Ocean Currents " Volcanic Deposits Primary Force that initiates the movement " Biotic deposits Heating of solar energy Neritic Wind Pelagic ( Calcereous , Siliceous ) Gravity " Abiotic Deposits Coriolis force " Coral Reefs Secondary force that infl uence the currents to fl ow " Great Barrier Reef
CLIMATOLOGY
1. Atmosphere " Stratosphere " Troposphere " Composition " Altitude vs. Temperature " Gases " Water Vapour 2. Inversion of Temperature " Dust Particles " Temperature " Structure " Factors controlling Temp distribution " Exosphere " Distribution of Temp Month of January-July " Thermosphere " Range of Temp Month of January-July " Mesosphere " Inversion of Temperature
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3. Insolation and Heat Budget " Distribution of continents & Oceans " " Solar Radiation Heat Balance Temperature Rotation of the Earth " " Insolation Circulation " " Aphelion and Perihelion Simplifi ed Global Circulation – Hadley Cell , Ferrel Cell " Variability of Insolation at the " surface of the Earth Seasonal Wind " Day Season Year Local Wind " Rotation on Axis, Angle of Land and Sea Breezes Inclination of sun rays, Length of the day " Mountain and Valley Winds Transparency of Atmosphere, confi guration of land in terms of its aspect. 5. Air Mass, Fronts, Cyclones and Jet " Heat Balance Stream " Heating and cooling of atmosphere " Air mass & fronts Conduction " Cyclones Convection " Thunderstorms Advection " Tornadoes " Terrestrial Radiation " Monsoons " Heat Budget of the Planet Earth " Fronts " Macro Budget Albedo 6. Precipitation Shortwave Radiation " Water in the Atmosphere Long wave Earth Radiation " Water Vapour " Variation in the net Heat Budget " Precipitation at the Earth’s Surface " Humidity – Absolute and Relative 4. Winds and Pressure belts " Saturation – Dew Point " Evaporation and Condensation " Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems " Dew " Atmospheric Pressure " Frost " Vertical variation of pressure " Fog & Mist " Horizontal distribution of pressure " Clouds " World Distribution of Sea Level Pressure Types – Cirrus, Cumulus, Stratus, Nimbus " Factors affecting the velocity and direction of the Wind High – Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus " Pressure Gradient Force Middle – Altostratus, Altocumulus " Frictional Force Low – Stratocumulus, Nimbostratus " " Coriolis Force Vertical Development – Cumulus and Cumulonimbus " Pressure and Wind " (Cyclonic & Anticyclone Circulation) Precipitation " Rainfall, Snowfall, Sleet Hail, Hailstones " General Circulation of the Atmosphere – Pattern of Planetary Winds " Types of Rainfall " Latitudinal Variation of Atmospheric Heating " Conventional " Orographic " Emergence of Pressure Belts " Cyclonic " Migration of Belts Following apparent Path of Sun " World Distribution of Rainfall
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7. Climatic Zones of the World " The Temperate Continental (Steppe Climate) " Koppene’s Classifi cation Climatic Zones " The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin " World Climate (China Type Climate) " The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate " The Cool Temperate Western Margin " The Tropical Monsoon and Tropical (British Type Climate) Marine Climates " The Cool Temperate Continental " The Savanna or Sudan Climate (Siberian) Climate " The Hot Desert and Mid-Latitude " The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin Desert Climates (Lauren-tian) Climate " The Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean) Climate " The Arctic or Polar Climate BIO-GEOGRAPHY
1. Soil Characteristics " Desert vegetation " " Soil Characteristics Tundra Vegetation " " Factors Responsible for Soil Formation Economic utilization of forests " Stages of Soil Formation " Deforestation " Soil Forming Processes " Deforestation in tropical forests " Soil Profi les and Horizons " Deforestation in temperate forests " Soil Classifi cation " Rate and extent of deforestation " Soil Erosion and Conservation " Causes and factors of deforestation: Immediate causes of deforestation 2. Vegetation resources " Indirect deforestation " " Types of natural vegetation Underlying causes of deforestation " " Forests Conservation of forests " " Signifi cance of forests Forest conservation strategies " " Economic signifi cance, Ecological signifi cance Reforestation " Cultural signifi cance " Monoculture plantation " Factors of forest development " Afforestation " Extent of forest cover " Types of forestry " Classifi cation of forests " Social forestry " Grasslands " Agro-forestry
HUMAN AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD
1. Demography and Census Climate
" Concept of human resources Soils " Factors affecting the distribution of Population Economic Factors Geographical Factors Minerals Availability of water Urbanisation Landforms Industrialisation
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Socio-cultural factors Declining Popoulation " Population Growth Literacy – literacy Rate Growth of Population Rural Urban Composition Growth Rate of Population Occupational Structure Natural growth of Population Religion based Composition Positive Growth of Population " Population problems Negative Growth of Population Population problems of developing countries " Components of Population change Population problems of developed Crude Birth Rate countries Crude Death Rate Population Policies: of China, of India Migration – Place of Origin " Census 2011 and Place of Destination Census Terminologies Immigration Census of India important information Emigration Push Factors and Pull Factors 2. Human Development " Trends in Population Growth " Growth vs Development " Doubling time of world population " The four pillars of Development " Spatial pattern of Population change Equity " Impact of Population Change Sustainability " Demographic Transition Productivity Demographic Transition Theory Empowerment Demographic Cycle " Approaches to Human Development " Theories of population growth " Measuring Human Development Malthusian theory Income Approach Marxian theory Welfare Approach Demographic Transition Theory Basic Needs Approach Optimum population Capability Approach Over-population " Internation Comparisions of Human Under-population Development " Population Control Measures " World population distribution, Density 3. Economic activities and Growth " Primary Activities Continent-wide distribution of population Hunting and Gathering Pastoralism Pattern of population density globally Nomadic Herding Population increase in the world Commercial livestock Rearing " Population Composition Agriculture Sex composition Subsistence Agriculture Sex Ratio Primitive Subsistence Agriculture Natural Advantage vs Social Advantage Intensive Subsistence Agriculture Age Structure Planation Agriculture Age – sex Pyramid Extensive Commercial Grain Expanding Populations Cultivation Constant Population Mixed Farming
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Dairy Farming People engaged in tertiary Activities Mediterranean Agriculture Tourism Viticulture Medical Services Market Gardening and Quaternary Activities Horticulture – Truck Farming Quinary Activities Cooperative Farming " Concept of Digital Divide Collective Farming Mining 4. Transport and Communication Factors affecting Mining " Transport Methods of Mining – Open Cast and Modes of Transportation underground mining Land Transport " Secondary Activities Roads Manufacturing Railways Characteristics of Modern large scale Manufacturing Water Transport Specialisation of Skills/ methods of Sea Routes Production, Mechanisation - Inland Waterways Technological Innovation Air Transport Access to market, Access to labour Supply, Access to Sources of Energy, Pipelines Access to Transportaion and " Communications communication Facilities Satellite communication Government Policy Cyber space internet Classifi cation of Manufacturing Industries
Industries based on size 5. International Trade Small Scale manufacturing " History of international Trade Large Scale manufacturing " Basis of International Trade Industries based on Inputs/ Raw Materials Difference in national resources Agro Based industries Population Factors Mineral Based Industries Stage of Economic Development Chemical based Industries Extent of Foreign Investment Forest based Raw material using Transport industries " Important aspects of International Trade Animal Based industries Volume of Trade Industries based on Output/Product Composition of Trade Industries based on ownership Direction of Trade " Tertiary, Quaternary and Quinary Activities Balance of Trade Types of Tertiary Activities " Types of International Trade Retail trading " Case of Free Trade Trade and commerce " WTO – World Trade Organisation Wholesale Trading and Regional Trade Blocs Transport " Gateways of International Trade Communication Ports Services Industrial Ports
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Commercial Ports rural settlements Comprehensive Ports Patterns of Rural settlements Inland Ports " Urban Settlements Out Ports Classifi cation of Urban Settlements Oil Ports Factors affecting location of rural Port of call settlements Packet station Functions of Urban Centre Entrepot Ports Classifi cation of Towns on the basis Naval Ports of Forms Types of Urban Settlements 6. Settlement Town, City, Conurbation, Megalopolis, Million City " Types and Patterns of settlements " Compact of Nucleated Settlements Issues of Urbanization in India " Dispersed settlement Rural Urban Migration " Rural Settlements " Emergence of Slums Factors affecting location of " Inclusive Cities/Smart cities
INDIAN GEOGRAPHY
1. Physiography of India " Indus drainage system " " Geological Region Ganga River System " Brahmaputra river system " Location " Peninsular River System " Physiographic Sub-Units " East fl owing Rivers Himalayans " West fl owing Rivers Northern Plains " Mains Rivers and their tributaries Peninsular Plateau " Famous cities and river banks Thar Desert Coastal Plain 3. Climate The Islands " Factors infl uencing the climate of India " Mountain System " Monsoon Classifi cation of The Himalayan System " Mechanism of the Monsoon Regional Division of the Himalaya Classical Theory " The Peninsular - Peninsular Plateaus Modern theory " Plains - Northern Plains of India Air mass theory " Lakes Lakes Jet stream theory " Deserts Deserts " EL NINO and LA NINA " Indian Coasts and Islands " Seasonal rhythm " Koppen’s Climatic classifi cation 2. Drainage System " Indian Droughts and Floods " Classifi cation of Drainage 4. Soils in India " Himalayan Drainage " Indus river system " Soil Acidity
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" Soil textures 8. Land Resource " Minerals of Soil " Land-use " Soil Erosion " Land capability classifi cation " Soil Conservation " Causes of Land Degradation " Impact of Land Degradation 5. Natural Vegetation " Steps taken by GOI " Vegetation " Sustainable Land Management " Mangroves " Distribution of Forest Area 9. Mineral Resource " Forest Problems in India " Types of minerals: Metallic minerals " Non-metallic mineral 6. Population " Distribution of minerals and mining regions " Size, growth rate and distribution " Distribution, production and international of population trade of Metallic minerals: Ferrous metals: " India in World Population Iron ore " Demographic transition " Ferro-alloys and non-ferrous " Census in India " Manganese " Ranking of States and Union " Chromium " Territories by population: 2001 & 2011 " Nickel " Population Growth Rates " Tungsten " Population: States and UT " Antimony " Decadal growth rate " Copper " National Population Policy " Bauxite and Aluminium " Density of population " Zinc; Lead " Literacy " Tin " Literacy in major states " Gold " Literacy rate in India: 1951-2011 " Silver " Ranking of States and UTs by 206 " Platinum literacy rate: 2011 " Mineral chemicals " Gender composition of the Population " Mica " Trends in Sex Ratio in India " Potash " Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 yrs " Phosphate " Sex ratio of age 7 years and above " Nitrates population " Sulphur " Old Age People " Conservation of mineral resources " Health Indicators 10. Energy resources 7. Settlements and Urbanization " Classifi cation of energy " Rural Settlements " Production of conventional energy " Factors affecting settlement patterns " General trends of energy production " Settlement types and consumption " Urbanization " Reserves and sources of energy " Urban Agglomeration / Cities " Coal
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" Nature and origin of coal " Organic farming " Constituents and kinds of coal " Cropping seasons in India " Coal fi elds and coal production " Cropping Pattern in India " Byproducts of coal " Agriculture regionalization " Conservation of Coal " Infrastructure factors: Seeds; Fertilizers; Irrigation " Petroleum " Land use pattern in India " Nature and properties of petroleum " Institutional Factors as land reform " Origin and recovery " Horticulture sector in India " Exploration " Agricultural revolutions " Petroleum refi ning " Agricultural labours " Petroleum reserves " Price Policy for Agriculture " Producing areas " Agricultural marketing " Consumption of petroleum " Agricultural Insurance " International trade " Agricultural Census " OPEC and its role in oil trade " Major schemes in agricultural sector " Natural gas: Reserves and Production " National Policy for farmers " Hydro-electricity " Impact of climate change on agriculture " Advantages of hydro-electricity " What is sustainable agriculture? " Ideal conditions for generation of " Use of IT in agriculture hydro-electricity " Agriculture Issues and Challenges " Distribution of potential hydro-power " Hydro-electric power generation in India 12. Recent developments in agriculture " Atomic (nuclear) energy fi eld " Atomic: source minerals: Uranium " NITI Aayog proposed the idea of taxation of " World distribution of Uranium agricultural income " Production of Uranium " Removing agricultural commodities from the " Thorium essential commodities Act: NITI Aayog " " Production of Atomic (Nuclear) Energy Feminization of Agriculture " " Nuclear Energy e-auction portal : e-Rakam for selling agricultural produce " Alternative (non-conventional) " sources of energy “AGRI-UDAAN” – Food and agri-business acceleration 2.0 to bring startup revolution " Solar energy " APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food " Wind energy Products Export Development Authority Act) " Geothermal power " SMAM (Sub-Mission on Agricultural " Tidal energy Mechanization) " " Wave energy Jute-ICARE Project " " Biomass energy Project CHAMAN " Doubling the farmers income: Ashok Dalwai 11. Agriculture Basic Terminologies Committee " RKVY-RAFTAAR " Performance of the agriculture sector " Agro Irradiation Centers " Types of farming in India " Agricultural Marketing and Farm " Dry zone farming Friendly Reforms Index
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" National Food Security Act Conditions of growth " Digitization and Agriculture Production pattern " Direct Benefi t Transfer in Fertilizer Sector International trade " Draft Regulation on Fortifi cation of Foods " Oats " Law Commission Recommendation " Rye on Food Laws " Beverages " Concept of Modern Terminal Markets " Tea " Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Condition of growth " e-Pashuhaat Portal Production pattern " Schemes of Bio-Tech Kisan and International trade Cattle Genomics " Coffee " RashtriyaGokul Mission Types of coffee " Mission Fingerling Conditions of growth " Ornamental Fishing Production pattern " Agricultural Science Congress International trade " RubSiS " Cocoa " Ethanol Blending Conditions of growth " National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Production pattern " Amendments to the NABARD Act, 1981 International trade " Revenue Insurance Scheme for Plantation Crops " Tobacco " Neem Coating of Urea Conditions of growth " National Agriculture Market Production pattern International trade 13. Productivity of Crops and " Fibre Crops conditions for growth " Cotton " Wheat Varieties of cotton Conditions of growth Conditions of growth Varieties Production pattern Types of cultivation International trade Production pattern " Jute International trade Conditions of growth " Rice Production pattern Conditions of growth International trade Varieties Substitutes of Jute: Flax, Hemp Methods of cultivation " Raw Silk Production pattern Production pattern International trade States " Maize (Corn) " Natural Rubber Conditions of growth Other sources of rubber Production pattern Plantations in South-east Asia International trade Production pattern " Barley " Sugarcane
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Conditions of growth conditions for pulp production " Production pattern Production of paper and paper board International trade " Newsprint Sugarbeet—Conditions of growth " Cement industry Production pattern " Distribution of cement industry Sugar industry " Recent trends: Main global competitors Sugar consumption " Petroleum refi ning industry: Localization International trade. " Site selection of petroleum refi neries " History of oil refi neries 14. Industry " World pattern of oil refi ning " Industrial development " Petroleum products " Iron and Steel Industry " Industrial Regions " Location of iron and steel industry " Characteristics of industrial regions " Development of iron manufacture " Delimitation of an industrial region " Distribution of iron and steel industry " Principal industrial regions of the world " Global steel production " Industrial regions of Anglo America—USA, " International trade in Steel Canada, Western Europe and Central Britain, " Textile Industry Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Italy, Eastern Europe, Poland, Former USSR " Cotton Textile Industry: Location of the industry " Eastern Asia—Japan, China, the " Recent trends in localization ‘Dragons’, India, High tech patterns. " Distribution and production of cotton textiles " Woollen textile industry: Location 15. Transport of the industry " " Silk textile industry: Raw silk manufacture Importance and development of transport " " Silk textile manufacturing Means of transport " Synthetic (artifi cial) silk industry " Transport costs and economic distance " Distribution of man-made fi bre and fabrics " Operating costs in transport " Engineering Industries " Relative importance of means of transport: Railways, Roads, Pipeline, " Machine tools and machines: Areas of production Oceans, Air transport " " Industrial machinery: Textile machinery Profi ts and freight rates " " Agricultural machinery Government’s transport policy " " Manufacturing of transport equipment Ocean transport routes " Automobile industry " Inland waterways " Shipbuilding " Main regions of inland waterways " Aircrafts Industry " Railways: Factors affecting the railroads " Fertilizer industry: Nitrogen fertilizers " Distribution of railroads in the world " Phosphate fertilizers " Air transport: Factors infl uencing air transport " Potash fertilizers " Air transport in various continents " Agro-industries " Pipeline transport " Synthetic rubber industry " Petroleum (oil) pipelines " Pulp and paper industry: Essential " Gas pipelines
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16. Recent Development in Transport " National Road Safety Policy Sector " TARANG " Rural electrifi cation corporation: " E-trans First green bond " DEEP (Discovery of Effi cient " Time and costs over runs of infrastructure Electricity Pric projects " " India’s First Mega Coastal Economic Zone GARV II APP (CEZ) to come up in Maharashtra " Trading of Energy Saving Certifi cates " Logistic sector gets infrastructure status " Powers for all 24x7 " AIIB approves $150 million for India " infrastructure fund Draft National Electricity Plan " " Ro-Ro Ferry service Habitat Commitment Index " Bharatmala project for construction of 24,000 km of highway connecting 17. Recent developments in Industrial Western and Eastern part Sector " Union Ministry of shipping is planning to expand Logistics Data Bank (LDB) " Disinvestment of PSUs " Railways India Development Fund " Report titled “India’s Labor Market: " National Infrastructure Investment Fund A New Emphasis on Gainful Employment " Defence Innovation Fund " Wage code Bill in line of recommendations nd " Flexi Fare Method in Railway of 2 National Commission on Labor " Rail Cadre Management " CAR for the operation of Drones in India. " TRI-NETRA in Railways " Draft Evaluation template for the star " National Rail Plan 2030 rating of Minor Minerals " India’s First Caterpillar Train " Online database containing GIS-Enabled portal Maps land related information " Green corridor concept " " Made in India ‘Medha’ train Chennai-Bangalore Industrial Corridor " Antyodaya Express " Apex Corridor Developmental Authority " Smart Railway Station " Tamra Portal " Yatri Mitra Seva " Mining Surveillance System " National Highways Interconnectivity " Coal Mitra " Vehicle Fleet Modernization Programme " M-SIPS for Electronic Sector " Transit Oriented Development Policy " Indian Enterprise Development Service " Logistic Effi ciency Enhancement Programme " Trade Receivables Discounting System " Indian Bridge Management System " SME Business Environment Index Remarks
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WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
1. Continents Countries and Cities " World Petroleum Congress, Turkey " " Continents and Important Cities of the Kaleshwaram project World " Mega food park in Kapurthala " Important Cities Situated on the " Assam’s disturbed area tag Banks of Rivers " North Koel project " Changed Names of Some Cities, States, and Countries " BIMSTEC " Distinctive Names of Countries/Towns— " Conservation of Pagodas to Bagan Geographical Epithets " Bridge over Mechi River " Regional Grouping of Countries of the World " Pangong Lake " Economic Classifi cation of Countries " World’s most liveable city of the World " Asia Africa Corridor 2. Location in NEWS " Xiamen declaration " " Govardhan Eco village Sir Creek " " City livability index Chakma, Majong Refugees Rohingya " " Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat Cleanest Iconic place Meenakshi temple " " Yethinahole Project OBOR " SMARTGRAM " Hambantota " Kaladan project in Myanmar " Chahbahar Port " Doklam plateau " Gwadar Port " Gilgit-Ballistan " National Waterway – 4 " SCO Summit-Astana " Polavaram project " Bosporus strait " UNESCO creative cities network " Nathu-La " Singapore Changi Naval base " Lisbon " India in Antarctica " Mahadayi tribunal " Concept of Resilient Cities " Jaravas Jaravas " Sericulture " Bengaluru declaration " Blizzards " SASEC road connectivity " New tectonic plate discovered " Doklam Doklam " Report on Palaeo Channel of " dams bottom trawling North West India " Hambantota Port " Cyclones in News Remarks
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ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY
1. Origin of Life forms Biotic Components " " Origin of Life forms Ecosystem Dynamics " Life on earth Flow of Energy in Ecosystem Trophic Levels 2. Basic Concepts of Ecology Food Chain Types & Signifi cance of Food Chain " Types of Ecology Food Web " Ecological Hierarchy Models for Energy Flow " Scope of Ecology Ecological Productivity " Habitat & Ecological Niche Ecological Pyramid " Deep vs Shallow Ecology " Biomagnifi cations " Ecological Principles " Biological Control " Ecological Community Structure and Characteristics of 4. Population Ecology a Community Stratifi cation " Types of species Ecotone " Population Ecology Ecological Dominance " Population Growth Models Seasonal and Diurnal Fluctuation " Methodology of Tiger census Periodicity " Methodology of Lion Census Turnover 5. Adaptation of Species and Interdependence Interactions " Ecological Succession " Types and Process of Succession Adaptation Climax Community Examples of adaptation in plants " Range of Tolerance , Maximum Range Examples of Adaptations in animals " " Difference between Ecology , Environment Homeostasis and Ecosystem " Interaction between Species " Ecotone 3. Ecosystem functions " Endemic Species " Ecosystem Defi nitions " Keystone Species " Functions and Properties of Ecosystem " Indicator Species " The Structure/Components of Ecosystem " Invasive Species Abiotic Components " Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation 34 www.iasscore.in GS SCORE UPSC - PRELIMS SYLLABUS 2019-20
6. Terrestrial ecosystems Parts of a Biogeochemical Cycle
" Terrestrial ecosystem Types of Biogeochemical Cycle " Forest Ecosystem in India " Carbon Cycle " Grasslands " Tundra Steps in the carbon cycle " Deserts Deserts Carbon cycle: Long term and Short term " Mountains Carbon act as Climate Buffer 7. Aquatic ecosystem Human Impact on the Carbon Cycle " Aquatic ecosystem Effects of high concentration " Factors affecting the productivity of aquatic ecosystems of Greenhouse Gases " Fresh water ecosystem " Hydrological Cycle " Marine ecosystem Different Steps of the Hydrologic Cycle " Marine Organisms " Plankton Storage " Phytoplankton " Nitrogen Cycle " Factors Affecting Phytoplankton Biodiversity Importance of phytoplankton Human Impact on the Nitrogen Cycle Zooplankton " Oxygen Cycle Sea-grass Seaweeds " Sulphur Cycle " Human Modifi ed Ecosystems Human Impact on the Sulphur Cycle
8. Nutrient Cycling " Phosphorus Cycle
" Concept of Biogeochemical Cycle Human Infl uence on Phosphorus Cycle
BIODIVERSITY
1. Basics of Biodiversity 2. Animal and Plant Diversity
" Biodiversity " Plant and Animal Kingdom " Types of biodiversity Marine Mammals " Patterns of biodiversity Egg laying Mammals " Bio-geographical classifi cation of World Marsupials " Bio-geographical classifi cation of India 3. Threats to biodiversity " Functions of biodiversity " Hotspots of biodiversity " Causes of Biodiversity losses " Bio informatics " Effects of Loss of Bio-Diversity " Eco Regions " Extinction of species " Role of Traditional Knowledge in Biodiversity " Mass Extinction " Biopiracy " IUCN Red List and Classifi cation Scheme
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4. Biodiversity Conservation 5. Estuaries
" Scheduled Animals in the Wildlife Protection Act " What are estuaries? " In-situ methods of Conservation " Types of Estuaries Protected Area Categories " Importance of estuaries Forms of Protected Areas " Threats to estuaries Biosphere reserves " Major Estuaries in Indian coastal states Sacred forests and sacred lakes " Monitoring and Prediction of Health World Heritage sites of Estuarine and Coastal Waters " Geo-heritage sites Difference between Lagoon and Estuary " Advantages of In-situ conservation Estuary ecosystem: Adaptations made in organisms Disadvantages of In-situ conservation " Conservation of Estuaries " Ex-situ methods of Conservation Advantages of ex-situ preservation: 6. Mangroves Disadvantages of Ex-situ conservation " What are mangroves? Zoological Parks " Mangroves in India Botanical Gardens " Importance of Mangroves Seed banks " Mangroves under threats " National Parks " Legal and Regulatory Approaches " Wildlife Sanctuaries for Protection " Biosphere Reserves " Community based mangrove regeneration " Species based conservation programmes Project Tiger 7. Coral Reef Project Elephant " About coral reefs Project Snow Leopard " What do corals feed on? Vulture conservation project " Geographical Conditions Crocodile conservation project " Types Of Coral Reefs Ganges dolphin project " Uses of coral reefs Indian Rhino Vision " Concept of Bio-rock reefs Other projects " Threats to Coral reefs India adopts SAWEN " Conservation of coral reef " Important Coastal and marine Biodiversity Areas 8. Wetlands " Global initiative " State of Protected Areas in the World What are wetlands? " MAB – Man and Biosphere Programme Types of wetlands World network of Biosphere Reserves " Wetlands in India Biodiversity Hotspots " Importance of wetlands CBD – Convention of Biological Diversity " Threats to wetland ecosystems Cartegana Protocol " Conservation of Wetlands Nagoya Protocol " About Ramsar Convention Aichi Biodiversity Diversity " About Asian Water bird Census
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RESOURCE DEGRADATION AND MANAGEMENT
1. Land Resource " Surface Water Resource " " Causes of land degradation Ground Water Resources " Sources of Water Pollution " Impact of land degradation " Measurement of Water pollution " Desertifi cation " Causes of Water Pollution " Sustainable Land Management " Harmful effects of water pollution 2. Forest resource " Other terms associated with water pollution Algal Bloom " Defi nition of forests by FSI Eutrophication " Types of Forest Cover Arsenic contamination of water " Forest Survey of India (FSI report 2017) Mercury Pollution " Types of Forests In India Oxygen Stratifi cation " Deforestation 5. Energy Resources " Causes of Deforestation " Consequences of Deforestation " Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion on the Wildlife of India " Tidal Energy " Strategies for Reducing Deforestation " Wave energy " Government Programmes " Fuel Cell for Conservation of Forests " Microbial fuel cell " Biofuels 3. Soil Resource " Biogas " Soil Characteristics and " Geothermal Energy Soil formation process " Solar Energy " Factors Responsible for Soil Formation " New Energy Resources " Soil Forming Processes " Renewable Energy and Development " Soil Profi les and Horizons " Petroleum Conservation Research " Type of Soils Association " Soils in India " Atomic Energy Bill " Soils in World " Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Bill " Soil Erosion " National Electric Mobility Mission Plan " Problems due to excessive irrigation " National Policy on Biofuels " " Soil Conservation Three Stage Nuclear Power Programme " " Soil health card scheme Solar Renewable purchase Obligation " " Organic Farming Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell " New Energy Policy 4. Water Pollution " Energy Organisation
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
1. Basics of Pollution Effect of Housing on Environment " Sources of pollution Effect of Power Generation Effect of Modern Agriculture on Environment on Environment
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Effect of River Valley Projects " Trash and Other Debris in ocean (Water Resource Projects) on Environment " Microplastics and its impact Effect of Mining on Environment " Coastal Regulation Zone Notifi cation, 2011 Effect of Transportation Activities on Environment 5. Noise Pollution Effect of Tourism on Environment " " Classifi cation of pollutants Causes of Noise pollution " " Pollution Indicator species Noise Levels " Effects of Noise Pollution on human health 2. Mining and pollution " Corrective actions
" Mining and Environment 6. Biological Pollution " Sensitivity of Select Ecosystems to Mining " " Impact of Mining Sources of biological pollution " " Indirect Impact of Mining Harmful effects from biological contaminants " International Laws on Mining " Corrective actions " Main Act or Statue to regulate the impact of 7. Radioactive Pollution " Indian Mining Sector " Sustainable Mining " Sources of Radioactive Pollution " Harmful effects of Radioactive Pollution 3. Air pollution " Corrective actions " Causes of air pollution 8. Thermal Pollution " Harmful Effects of air pollution " Top-ten gases in air pollution " Causes of Thermal Pollution " Control of Air Pollution " Effect of Thermal Pollution " Concepts related to Air pollution " Control of Thermal Pollution Smog and its impact Ozone depletion 9. Waste Management Acid rain " Solid waste management Respirable Suspended Types of Solid Waste Particulate Matter (RSPM) What is solid waste management? Fly Ash Issues in solid waste management in India Bharat stage Norm Waste Management Practices National Air Quality Index Technologies for the Generation Comprehensive Environmental of Energy from Waste Pollution Index Policy on Promotion of City Compost Salient features of SWM Rules, 2016 4. Marine Pollution " E-Waste Management " Sources of marine pollution Pollutants and their health impacts " Effects of marine pollution E-waste status in India " Concept of dead zone Importance of the E-waste management " Concept of Ocean acidifi cation Steps taken for combating mounting " Oil spill E-Waste
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E-waste (Management & Handling) " Hazardous and Other Wastes Rules, 2016 (Management & Trans-boundary Movement) Rules, 2016 " Biomedical Waste Management " Treatments Methods in Waste Management Hazards associated with waste management Methods for sewage treatment Bio-Medical Waste Management Treatments Methods for waste Rules, 2016 management " Hazardous waste and its Characteristics " Hazardous waste treatement
CLIMATE CHANGE
1. Climate Change Basics " What is greenhouse effect?
" What is Climate Change? " Non green House Gases and Aerosols " What is Global warming? " Radioactive forcing and global warming " Factors Affecting Climate Change " " Causes of climate change Ecological footprint Extra-Terrestrial Sources of " Carbon footprint Climate Change " Global Warming Potential (GWP) Terrestrial Sources of Climate Change Anthropogenic sources of Climate Change 2. Climate Change Impact " Urbanization and climate change Pollution in metros and climate change " Impacts of the Climate Change Real estate boom and environment degradation Acid Rain Urban Heat Island El Nino Polythene bags and pollution La Nina Methane generation from waste " Impact of agriculture on climate Ozone Depletion Agriculture increases Carbon Ocean Acidifi cation Dioxide Emissions " Global Warming & Health Monoculture practice impacts biodiversity Health impacts of global warming Pollution due to use of chemical fertilizers Mosquito-borne diseases Soil-related effects Fertilizer’s Effect on the Environment Ozone depletion and human health Impact of livestock on environment " Climate change mitigation Impact of use of Pesticides on environment Carbon Sequestration Impact of GM crop on environment Carbon Sink Emission of Methane from Carbon Credit agricultural practices Sustainable Agriculture Techniques Carbon Tax
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ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE
1. Acts and Policies " Various Indices relate to Environment " " Constitutional Provisions related to Climate Change Governance environment United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Conference) " Wildlife Protection Act 1972 " United Nations Environment Programme Environmental Protection Act (UNEP) " National Forest Policy Montreal Protocol and Kigali Agreement " Biological Diversity Act 2002 The Earth Summit: United Nations " Schedule Tribes and Other Forest Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Rio de " Dwellers Act 2006 Janerio, 1992 " Coastal Regulation Zone Global Environment Facility (GEF) " Wetland Rules 2010 Rio Declaration: 1992 " National Green Tribunal Agenda 21:1992 " Ozone Depleting Substance Rules Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) 2. Environment Impact Assessment United Nations Convention to Combat (EIA) Desertifi cation (UNCCD) United Nations Framework Convention on " What is EIA? Climate Change (UNFCCC): 1992 " Brief History of EIA in India " Global Climate Finance Architecture " EIA Process in India 4. India and Climate Change " The 8 steps of the EIA process " " Environmental Appraisal Process India’s Position with regards to policy on Climate Change " Drawback in EIA Process " Observed Climate and Weather " Recommendations for Improvement Changes in India " Environment Management " NAPCC " EIA in India – Sectorial Analysis " Indian Climate Change Assessement Mining Sector " Indian Policy Structure Relavant to GHG Emissions Agricultural Sector Industrial Sector 5. Environment related Institutions in India 3. International Environmental Governance " Pollution Control Boards " National Green Tribunal " UNEP " National Board for Wildlife " UNDP " Animal Welfare Board " Centre for Biological Diversity " Central Zoo Authority " WWF for Nature " National Biodiversity Authority " IUCN - Red List " Birdlife International 6. Environmental schemes in India " International Conventions / Protocols & their Objectives " National Wildlife Action Plan " Sustainable Development Goals " CAMPA
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" Joint Forest Management " Shrinking of Cauvery Delta " Social Forestry " Use of Garbage to Construct Road " National Bamboo Mission " Moss as Pollution Monitor " National Action Plan on Climate Change " Graded Plan for Air Pollution " National Solar Mission " Air Quality Index " Ganga Rejuvenation Plan " Polluter Pay Principle " Benefi ts of River Ganga " Pesticide Poisoning Facts about Ganga River Pollution " Aerosols and its impacts " Anti-Smog guns " Ecomark Scheme " Particulate matter " Swachch Bharat Mission " Nalanda Model of Water Conservation " Swachch Bharat Kosh " Wetland Rules, 2017 " Grants in Aid Scheme " Permaculture and Monoculture " National Afforestation Program " Sand Mining Guidelines " National River Conservation Plan " Coastal Erosion (Parali Island) " National Mission for Clean Ganga " Bottom Trawling to Deep Sea Fishing " National Air Quality Index (AQI) " ‘Wadi’ Model " National Action Programme to Combat " Desertifi cation Re-greening of Village Commons Project " " Pradhan Mantri Sauchalay Yojana Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage " UJALA Scheme " Namami Ganga Programme " Bharat Stage Norms " River Ganga (Rejuvenation, Protection and " Corporate Social Responsibility Management) Authorities Order, 2016 and Environment Protection " Smart Ganga City Scheme 7. APPENDIX " Ganga Task Force " Ganga, Yamuna termed ‘living persons’ " National Parks " National Capacity Building Project " Tiger Reserves of India for Waste Management " Elephant Reserves in India " NGT Bans Plastic " Mike Sites in India " Mission Innovation " Biosphere Reserves " Tribunal – Dumping Waste in Ganga " Biosphere Reserves in UNESCO’s Map List " Ease in Norms for Sewage Plants " Ramsar Wetland Sites " Organic Waste to Make Green Fuel " Natural World Heritage Sites " New Technologies for Waste Management " List of Sacred Groves " Melting of Antarctic Iceberg " Mangrove Sites in India " Melting of Gangotri Glacier " Pollution " Carbon Capture Key activities and Likely Associate Air Pollutants " Black Carbon Respiratory Irritants and Toxic Chemicals " 30 th Montreal Protocol and World Ozone Day " El-Nino Caused Record CO2 Spike 8. Recent developments " Glaciers in Asia to sink " Mobile Tower Radiation " Tropics emit more Carbon
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" Climate change impact on Natural " COP-23 Heritage Sites - Impact on Sunderbans " Air Quality Index likely to be added " Marine Diversity in Antarctica under threat to ‘playing condition” " Carbon Credit " HFCs - India to eliminate use by 2030 " 2 nd Kyoto Protocol " Kigali agreement " Green Metro System " Carbon Neutrality Concept " Negative Emissions " Marrakesh Climate Change Conference " Geo-engineering Climate Change " International Solar Alliance (ISA)
" " nd Sequestering CO2 Kyoto Protocol (2 Commitment 2013-20) " Bonn Challenge " Climate Change Performance Index
Remarks
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INDIAN POLITY AND GOVERNANCE
EVOLUTION OF THE CONSTITUTION
1. The Company Rule (1773-1858) " Indian Councils Act, 1909 " " Regulating Act, 1773 Government of India Act, 1919 " Amending Act, 1781 " Simon Commission " Pitt’s India Act, 1784 " Government of India Act, 1935 " Amending Act of 1786 " Indian Independence Act, 1947 " Charter Act, 1793 " Charter Act, 1813 3. Drafting and Sources of Indian " Charter Act, 1833 Constitution) " Charter Act, 1853 " Seminal Sources " External Sources 2. The Crown Rule (1858-1947) " Developmental Sources " Government of India Act, 1858 " Constitutional Practices " Indian Councils Act, 1861 " Important Committees of the Constituent " Indian Councils Act, 1892 Assembly and their Chairman
SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION
1. Constitution and Types " Features of Semi-Presidential System " What is a Constitution? 3. Types of Majorities as per the " Types of Constitution Indian Constitution " Functions of the Constitution " Historical evolution of the Constitution " Absolute Majority " Constituent Assembly " Effective Majority " Objectives of the Constitution " Simple Majority " Unitary features " Special Majority " Federal features 4. Preamble and Values in the 2. Types of Political System Constitution
" Types of Political System " The objectives laid down in the Preamble " Types of Government " Whether the Preamble is a part " Parliamentary form of government of the Constitution or not? " Features of the Presidential System " Whether Preamble can be amended or not?
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" Ideals (mentioned in the Preamble) 6. Doctrine and Terms Democratic " Doctrine of severability Sovereign " Validity of Re-Constitutional Laws Socialist " Doctrine of Eclipse Secular " Republic Doctrine of Harmonious Construction Justice " Doctrine of Pith and Substance Equality " Doctrine of Colorable Legislation (Article 246) Liberty Liberty " Doctrine of Territorial Nexus Fraternity Fraternity " Doctrine of Laches Integrity " Due Process of Law 5. Amendment of The Constitution " Procedure Established by Law " Procedure for amendment 7. Other Constitutional Dimensions " Types of Amendments " Amendability of FR’s " Schedules and Subjects " Ingredients of basic structure " Offi cial Languages
UNION & ITS TERRITORY
1. ARTICLE 1-4 " Article 3: Formation of new States and alternation of areas, boundaries or " Article 1: Name and Territory of the Union names of existing States " Committee/commission for State " Article 4: Laws made under articles Re-organisation 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment " The State Reorganization Commission of the First and the Fourth Schedule and (SRC) 1953 Supplemental. " Article 2: Admit or Establish new State " Delimitation Commission CITIZENSHIP
1. Constitutional Provisions " Special privileges enjoyed by citizens in India " Constitutional provisions of citizenship " Rights and Duties of Citizens " Citizenship Act, 1955 " The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2016 2. Indian Diaspora Methodology of getting citizenship Modes of Losing the Citizenship of India " Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Concept of dual citizenship " Non-Resident Indians
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
1. Evolution Objectives And Features " Features " Meaning " Importance " Objectives " Restrictive limitations on fundamental rights
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2. Article 12 and Article 13 " Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation " Defi nition of state or religion " Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights " Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs 3. Right to Equality " Article 27: Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion. " Article 14: Equality before the law or the Equal protection of Law " Article 28: Freedom from attendance religious instruction or worship in educational " Article 15: Prohibition of Discrimination institutions on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth " Article 16: Equality of Opportunity 7. Cultural and Educational Rights in matters of Public Employment " Article 29: Protection of interest of Minorities " Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability " Article 30: Right of minorities to establish " Article 18: Abolition of Titles and administer educational institutions
4. Right to Freedom 8. Right to Constitutional Remedies " Article 19 " Article 32: Right to Constitutional " Article 20: (Protection in respect Remedies: of conviction for offenses) Habeas Corpus " Article 21: Protection of life and Mandamus personal liberty Certiorari " Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention Prohibition Quo Warranto 5. Right against Exploitation 9. FR’s other Dimensions " Article 23: Prohibition of Traffi c in human beings and forced labour " Article 33 " Article 24: Prohibition of employment " Article 34 of children in factories, etc " Article 35 6. Right to Freedom of Religion " Article 35A
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (DPSP)
1. Evolution, objectives, and features " Article: 42 " " Basic features Article: 43 " " Types Article: 43-A " Amendments " Article: 47 " Implementation 3. Gandhian Principles
2. Socialistic Principles " Article: 40 " Article: 38 " Article: 43 " Article:39 " Article: 46 " Article: 39A " Article: 47 " Article: 41 " Article: 48
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4. Liberal-Intellectual Principles " Article: 51 " Article: 44 " Article: 45 5. Directive Principle Outside Part IV " Article: 48 " ARTICLE 335 IN PART XVI " Article: 48A " " Article: 49 ARTICLE 350-A IN PART XVII " Article: 50 " Article 351 in Part XVII
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
1. Article: 51A " National Anthem - Mandatory " Features in Cinema Halls - Article 51(a) " Relation between of Fundamental Rights " Prevention of Insults to and Fundamental Duties National Honour Act, 1971 " List Of Fundamental Duties " " 86 th Constitutional Amendment Act 2003 : RTE Triple Talaq Issue " Uniform Civil Code Recent developments " MGNREGA: Right to Work " Fundamental Duties - Awareness Campaigns is the Duty of Centre " Making Aadhar mandatory
SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE
1. Centre-State Relations " Inter state councils
" Legislative relations (Articles) 245 " Inter state trade and commerce " Related to Territorial Powers " Zonal Councils " Related to Legislative Powers " Related to Parliament’s Powers 3. Special Provisoions for some States to make Laws in State " Sarkaria Commission’s Opinion " Provisions for Maharastra and on Legislative Relations Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam and Manipur " Administrative Relations " Provisions for Jammu and Kashmir (A370) " Delegation of Union Functions to the States (now abrogated) " Sarkaria Commission’s Opinion on Administrative Relations 4. Types of Emergencies " Financial relations " National Emergency " National Integration Council " Constitutional/State Emergency 2. Inter State Relation /President’s Rule
" Inter state water dispute " Financial Emergency
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UNION EXECUTIVE
1. President " Vacancy " Eligibility " Functions of the Vice-President " Conditions of Offi ce " Term of Offi ce 3. The Prime Minister " Election Election " Appointment " Manner of Election " Eligibility " Impeachment of the President " Powers and Functions of Prime Minister " Impeachment of the President " Relationship between the President " Vacancy in the Offi ce of President and the Prime Minister " Powers of the President " Deputy Prime Minister Executive powers (Article 53) " Prime Minister’s Offi ce Legislative Powers Financial Powers 4. Union Council of Minister Ordinance Issuing Power (Article 123) " Judicial/Pardoning Power Article 74: Council of Ministers to aid and advice President Military " Article 75: Other Provisions as to Ministers Diplomatic " Emergency Powers Article 77: Conduct of Business of the Government of India 2. Vice President " Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister " Nature of advice by Ministers " Qualifi cation " Strength of the Council " Conditions of Offi ce " " Term of Offi ce Appointment of a Non-legislator as a Minister " Election " Collective responsibility of the Ministers " Removal " Individual Responsibility of Ministers
UNION LEGISLATURE
1. Organisation of Parliament 2. Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha " Organisation of Parliament " Lok Sabha Composition " Qualifi cations and Disqualifi cations for being a Member of Parliament (Article 84) " Rajya Sabha Composition " " Functions of the Parliament Presiding Offi cers of the Parliament " Speaker " Functioning of the Parliament " Powers & Functions of the speaker " Sessions of Parliament " Deputy Speaker " Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings " Panel of Chairpersons of Lok Sabha " Parliamentary Privileges and Immunities " Speaker Pro Tem " Collective Privileges of the House " Chairman of Rajya Sabha " Individual Privileges " Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha " Houses of the Parliament " Panel of Vice-Chairpersons of Rajya Sabha
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" Chairman and Deputy chairman " Annual Financial Statement: Budget of the Council of States (Article 112)
3. Legislative Procedure and " Demand of Grants Committees of Parliament " Appropriation Bill " Legislative Procedure in Parliament " Cut motions " Ordinary Bill " Stages in Enactment of Budget " Money Bill " Other Grants " Financial Bill " " Constitution Amendment Bill Related Information of Budget " Lapsing of Bills " Parliamentary committees
UNION EXECUTIVE
1. Governor " Article 162: Extent of executive power " Article 152: Defi nition of State " Article 153: Governors of States Recommendations on the offi ce of Governor " Article 154: Executive power of State " ARC ( Administrative Reforms Commission) Powers of Governor " Sarkaria Commission Executive power " National Commission to Review the Legislative power working of the Constitution Financial Power Judicial Power 2. The Chief Minister and the CoM " Discretionary power " Powers and Functions of Chief Minister " Article 155: Appointment of Governor " Article 156: Term of offi ce of Governor In Relation to Council of Ministers " Article 157: Qualifi cations for In relation to the Governor Appointment as Governor In Relation to State Legislature " Article 158: Conditions of Governor’s offi ce " Article 159: Oath or affi rmation Other Powers and Functions by the Governor " Composition of the Council of Ministers " Article 160: Discharge of the functions " of the Governor in certain contingencies Responsibility of Ministers " Article 161 " Advocate-General for the State
STATE LEGISLATURE 1. Legislative Assembly 2. Legislative Council (Article 169)
" Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) " Qualifi cations " Powers and Functions " Powers and Functions " Speaker & Deputy Speaker " Parliament’s Control over State Legislature
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LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1. Panchayati Raj 2. Urban Local Government " Evolution of the Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI) " 74 th Constitutional Amendment Act " 73 rd Amendment Act of 1992 " Types of Urban Governments In India " Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions UNION TERRITORIES AND SPECIAL AREAS
1. Union Territories " Special Category Status
" Creation of Union Territories 2. Schedule and Tribal Areas " Administration of UT’s " Administration of Schedule Areas " Special provisions for Delhi " Administration of Tribal areas
THE JUDICIARY 1. The Supreme Court 2. The High Court Subordinate Courts & Lok Adalats " Chief Justice of India " Acting Chief Justice of India " The High Courts " Appointment of Supreme Court Judges " Jurisdiction of the High Courts " Qualifi cations for Supreme Court Judges " Subordinate Courts " Removal of a Supreme Court Judges " Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 " Process of Impeachment " Alternative dispute Resolution " Ad hoc and Retired Judges " Lok Adalat " Salaries and allowances of Supreme " All India Judicial Service Court Judges " E-governance in Judiciary " Chief Justices of India (Since 1951) " Judicial Impact Assessment " Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court " Judges Standards and Accountability " Judicial Independence Bill, 2010 " Judiciary Executive Relations " National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)
CONSTITUTIONAL AND NON CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES
1. Constitutional Bodies " Appointment " Functions and Responsibilities Finance Commission " Constitution Other Constitutional Bodies " All India Services " Functions " Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Comptrollerand Auditor General of India " State Public Service Commission (SPSC) " Comptroller and Auditor-General " Joint State public Service Attorney-General of India Commission (JSPSC)
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" National Commission For SCs " Central Information Commission " National Commission For STs " State Information Commission " Special Offi cer for Linguistic Minority " Lokpal and Lok Ayukta " The Advocate General (Article 165) " National Human Rights Commission 2. Non Constitutional " State Human Right Commission " Special offi cer for linguistic Minorities " CVC (Central Vigillance Commission)
Remarks
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POLITICAL DYNAMICS
1. Political Parties and Election Problems in the working of parties
" Electoral System in India Casteism and Politic " Electoral Reforms Since 1988 Strengthening of Anti-defection measures Salient features of the Representation of People Act, 1950 2. Pressure Groups Salient features of Representation of Peoples Act, 1951 " Meaning and Techniques Elections in India " Pressure Groups in India Electoral reforms since 1988 " Types of pressure groups Criminalization of politics Role of pressure group Negative or neutral voting in developing countries State funding of Election Functions of pressure groups in India Irregularities in polling Pressure groups methods " Types of Political Parties " Party System in India Pressure groups and Democracy " Political Parties in India Criticism of pressure groups
GOVERNANCE
1. Governing Institutions in India " Lokpal " " Structure of Ministries/departments Lok Ayukta " Political head 3. Role of SHG, NGOs, Civil Society " Secretariat organization secretary " SHGs " Functions of the secretariat Characteristics " Functions of attached and subordinate offi ce Role of SHGs in development " Other organizations " NGOs " Public sector undertakings Functions " The Executive organization Role of NGOs in development " Advantages of the separation of " Micro Finance Institutions secretariat and executive organization. Salient features " Strengths and weaknesses of the existing structure Role of MFIs in development " Recommendations for improving 4. Social Sector Bills the Organizational structure " The Juvenile Justice (Care and 2. Audit and other Transparency Protection of Children) Act " initiatives Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016 " Child Labour (Prohibition " CVC and Amendment) Bill, 2016 " CAG " Maternity Benefi t Bill, 2016
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" Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal " Atal Pension Yojana Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act " Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana " Mental Health Care Bill, 2013 " Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana " Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO) " Nai Roshni Scheme " Anti Traffi cking Bill with Stringent Penalty " USTAAD Scheme (Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for " HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Development) Bill- 2014 - Amendments " Nai Manzil Scheme " Domestic Violence Act, 2005 - SC Widens Ambit " Women and Child Development " Rights of Persons with Disabilities " Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Bill, 2014 with more Benefi t " Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana " Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) " Digital Gudda Guddi Board Bill 2016 " Ujjawala Scheme " The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled " Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Janani Suraksha Yojana Amendment Act " Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram " SC/ST 5. Welfare Schemes " Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana Health " Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana " Disability " National Health Mission " Accessible India Campaign " National Ayush Mission (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan) " Jan Aushadhi Scheme " Rural and Urban Development " Mission Indradhanush " Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana " NFHS-4 survey " Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday Abhiyan Education " Shyama Prasad Mukharjee Rurban Mission " Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat " Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana " Mid Day Meal Scheme " Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana " GIAN (Global Initiative of " Swachch Bharat Abhiyan Academic Networks) " Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Gramin " SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active – Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) " Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban " Housing for all by 2022 Start-up and Skill Development " Smart Cities Mission " Start Up India Scheme " Hriday - National Heritage City " Stand up India Scheme Development and Augmentation Yojana " National Student Start-up Policy " AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation " National Skill Development Mission and Urban Transformation) " Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana Inclusive growth " Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana " Measurement criteria " Government initiatives for inclusive growth " Skill Development Initiative Scheme " Basic Amenities: Housing/Drinking Waters/ " Self-Employment & Talent Utilisation (SETU) Sanitations " Atal Innovation Mission " Sustainable Development Vulnerable Sector Rural Development " Social Security " Rural development and poverty alleviation
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" Review of the existing Programmes " SAKAAR " Development Administration " Digital India " Panchayati Raj " Namami Gange Project " Agriculture and Rural Development (Integrated Ganga Conservation Mission Project) Miscellaneous schemes " Ganga Gram Yojana " Digilocker " Khelo India " Bharatnet Project (National Optical " Fibre Network) PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation) " INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research) " Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF)
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. India’s Foreign Policy 5. Asia – Pacifi c
" Evolution of India’s Foreign Policy " Asia-Pacifi c Region " Post 1990 Scenario " India-South East Asia Relations " Global Issues " India-Asean Cooperation " Indo-Japan Relations 2. South Asia " Indo-Australia Relations " India – Nepal Relations " India – South Korea Relations " India and Bhutan " India-Vietnam " India-Afghanislam Relations 6. Africa " India-Bangladesh Relations " India-Maldives Relations " India-South Africa Relations " India-Sri Lanka Relations " India-Nigeria Relations " India-Myanmar Relations " India-Kenya Relations " India-Pakistan Relations " India-Sudan Relations " SAARC " NAM (Non-Alignment Movement): Relevance 7. Europe " India-Russia Relations 3. Central Asia " India-France Relations " Mongolia " India-Germany Relations " Kazakhastan " India-United Kingdom Relations " Tukmenistan " India-EU Kingdom Relations " Uzbekistan 8. US-China 4. West Asia " India-USA Relations " India – UAE Relations " India-China Relations " India IRAN Relations " Israel and Palestine Relations 9. Indian Ocean Region " India – Israel Relations " Seychelles " India – Saudi Arabia " Mauritius " Maldives
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10. Indian Diaspora
" Indian Diaspora in West Indian Diaspora in Gulf Indian Diaspora in East and Middle East
Remarks
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ECONOMY
BASIC CONCEPTS
1. Macroeconomic Concepts " Sectors of an Economy " Other Sectors of Economy " Meaning of Economics " Types of Economies 2. Microeconomic Concepts
ECONOMIC MEASUREMENTS
1. National Income Concepts and WPI, CPI Methods of Calculation Producer Price Index " National Income GDP Defl ator " Real National Income Core Infl ation " " Calculating National Income Change in Reporting of Infl ation " " Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) Measures to Check Infl ation " National Organizations Related Fiscal Measures to National Income Accounts Administrative Measures " Latest India’s National Income Estimates Monentary Measures " New Series of National Statistics (Base Year 2011-12) 3. Economic Growth and " Annual Estimates of Expenditures on GDP Development " Per Capita Income " Economic Growth " Purchasing Power Parity " Economic Development " Lorenz Curve " Measurement of Economic Development " Philip’s Curve " Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) " Gini Coeffi cient " Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) " Different Levels of Economic Development 2. Infl ation " Economy and Environment " Concepts and Types of Infl ation " Environment Taxes " Causes of Infl ation Carbon Tax " Effects of Infl ation Green Accounting " Measures of Infl ation " 12 th Five Year Plan and Sustainability
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MONEY AND BANKING
1. Money Function and Classifi cation " Call Rates
" Money Concept " Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) " Measures of Money Supply in India " Bank Rate " Indian currency system " Banking Sector Reforms in India " Broad and Narrow Money " Differentiated Banks " Money multiplier Payment Banks " Digital Money " New Monetary Aggregates Small Banks " Monetary Policy " New banking licence " White Label ATM 2. Financial Market and its Instruments " Uni fi ed Payments Interface " Bank Board Bureau " Concept and functions of fi nancial markets " " Importance of money market Marginal Cost of Funds Based Lending Rate (MCLR) " Types of capital market " " Distinguish between capital market Priority Sector Lending Certifi cates and money market " Concept of Micro ATM Nature and functions of a stock exchange " Banking Reforms Advantages of stock exchanges " Basel Norms Limitations of stock exchanges " The stock exchanges in India Banking Ombudsman " Insurance Industry - Insurance Industry " Development Financial Institutions and Reforms " Insurance Companies " Role of Financial Regulators: SEBI and IRDA " Recent developments in Economic Sector 3. Banking Structure in India Government to recapitalize the PSB’s
" Scheduled Commercial Banks RBI rule and regulation " Nationalized Banks for peer to peer (P2P) lending " Public Sector Banks Domestic Systematically Important Banks State Bank of India (SIBs) of India " Private Banks Financial Inclusion in India " Foreign Banks The Concept of Bad Bank " Regional Rural Banks Alternative Mechanism Panel " Scheduled Co-operative Banks for PSB consolidation " Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Employee Provident Fund of India " Methods of Credit Control Enforcement Department In RBI " Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) Gold Monetization Scheme (GMS) " Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) " Repo Rate Indian Post Payment Bank (IPPB) " Reserve Repo Rate Indian Gold Coins/Gold Bullion Scheme
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PUBLIC FINANCE IN INDIA
1. Budgeting " De fi cit Financing
" Union Budget 3. Centre State Distribution " Plan and Non Plan Expenditure " Finance Commission (A280) " Revenue Receipts 4. Tax Structure in India Tax Revenue Receipts " Tax – Direct Tax, Indirect Tax Non-Tax Revenue Receipts " Methods of Taxation – Progressive, Regressive, Proportional 2. Fiscal Policy " Value Added Tax – VAT in India " Fiscal Responsibility and Budget " Goods and Services Tax – GST, Management (FRBM) Act, 2003 GST Council " Revenue Defi cit, Fiscal Defi cit, Primary Defi cit " Service Tax " De fi cit and Surplus Budget " DTC – Direct Tax Code PLANNING
1. Meaning Objectives and History " Central Planning – 5 Year Plans, 20 Point Program, MPLADS " Meaning of Economic Planning " " Objectives of Planning Decentralized Planning " Strategies of Planning 2. Planning Institutions Harrod Domar strategy Nehru Mahalonobis strategy " Planning Commission Gandhian strategy " NITI Aayog LPG strategy " National Development Council (NDC) " Regional and National Planning " Imperative and Indicative Planning 3. Five Year Plans in India " History of Planning in India " 12 th Five Year Plan (2012-2017) " Visvesvaraya Plan, Gandhian Plan FICCI Proposal, Congress Plan " Alternative Scenarios During 12th Plan Bombay Plan " Economic Reforms " Planning Commission and National Development Council(NDC) " Vision Documents OPEN ECONOMY
1. Foreign Trade Concepts " NRI Deposits " " Balance of Payments Trade Composition " Foreign Capital – FDI, FPI, FII, QFH 2. Trade Policy and Agreements " Foreign Exchange–Exchange Rate NEER & REER, ETF " Import Cover " FERA & FEMA " Import/Export Controls " Capital Account Convertibility in India " Foreign Trade policy 2015-20 " India's External Debt " Export Promotion
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" General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade " Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AII) " New Development Bank 3. Exchange Rate " African Development Bank " Exchange Market " LERMS 5. Trade Agreements " NEER " RCEP " REER " TPP " ETF " NAFTA 4. International Organization " MERCOSUR " United Nations " Southern African Development " Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Community (SADC) " International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) " ASEAN " International Fund for Agricultural " SAFTA Development (IFAD) " International Labour Organization (ILO) 6. Recent Developments in External " International Maritime Organization (IMO) Sector " International Monetary Fund (IMF) " " International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Global foreign exchange committee " United Nations Educational, Scientifi c " Price capping of medical devices in India and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) " Review of the International Investment " United Nations Industrial Development Agreement (IIA) Organization (UNIDO) " " Universal Postal Union (UPU) India signed the OECD multilateral convention to prevent BEPS " World Bank Group (WBG) (Base Erosion and Profi t Shifting) " International Bank for Reconstruction and " Development (IBRD) Second Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) Bharat 22 " International Finance Corporation (IFC) " " International Development Association (IDA) Double Tax Avoidance Treaty " World Health Organization (WHO) " Preferential Trade Agreement with Chile " World Intellectual Property " Advance Pricing Agreement Organization (WIPO) " National Committee on Trade Facilitation " World Meteorological Organization (WMO) " E-tourist Visa " World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) " " World Trade Organization (WTO) India’s Asylum Policy " Asian Development Bank " Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)
ECONOMIC SECTORS
1. Poverty 2. Employment
" De fi nition and Indices " Employment and Unemployment " Poverty in India " Poverty Eradication and Employment Related Related programs " Human Poverty Index (HPI) " Expert Groups for Estimating Poverty 3. Government Schemes " Inequality and Programs
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" New Social Welfare Schemes 4. Committees " Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana " Ratan P Watal Committee (PMJJBY) on Digital Payment " Other Social Protection Programmes " Committee for Market " Rural Infrastructure and Development Infrastructure Institution (MII) " Urban Infrastructure, Housing and Sanitation " D. P. J. Nayak Committee " Education Schemes " Deepak Mohanty Committee Report on Medium-term Path on Financial Inclusion " Financial Inclusion Schemes " Narasimham Committee Report " Health Schemes on Banking Sector Reforms " Women Empowerment Programmes " Uday Kotak Committee on Corporate " Other Women Empowerment Programmes Governance " Social Security " Nachiket Mor Committee
Remarks
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
1. Policy Development of S&T in India 2. Different Organization Institution
" Role of S&T in the Developing World and Various Department for the " S&T Policy in India S&T The S&T Policy Resolution in 1958 " List of Various Centre Institutions S&T Policy of the 1983 and Bureaus S&T Policy of the 2003 " Ministries and Department for science and S&T Policy 2013 Technology " Science and technology as a source of Human Resource Development " Institutional structure " Awards related to Science Department of Science & Technology " New Initiatives Aligned with the National Agenda CSIR " India and World collaboration in science Survey of India projects " Technology Vision Document 2035 Science and Engineering Research " National Biotechnology Development Council Strategy 2015-2020 Technology Development Board " National Intellectual Property Rights Policy " Organ donation rules in India National Accreditation Board " Policy on Synthetic Biology for Testing and Calibration Laboratories
SPACE
1. Space Research Programme, Orbits 2. Satellites, Launch Vehicles and India and Launch Satellite Programmes " " Space Technology Earth Observation Systems " Satellite Communication in India " Indian Space research Programme " Remote sensing applications - IRS Sytems " ISRO and ANTRIX " INSAT Satellite Application " Orbits Type " GSAT Satellite Application " Satellite Launching Systems " Launch vehicle Technology " Terminologies Related to the Space Science " GSLV and Various Engine
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" Recent National and International " OSIRIS-Rex passed by earth to reach Space Missions asteroid Bennu " Cryogenic rockets " Hackathon # Open Gov Data Hack Global Positioning System " Google Lunar X Prize Competition Galileo " NASA-ISRO synthetic aperture radar GLONASS satellite (NISAR) IRNSS " GSAT-17 heaviest communication GAGAN satellite of ISRO " Chandrayaan – I & II " Astrosat, Chandra and Hubble " Mars Orbitor Mission Jointly detect massive cosmic explosion Space Organisations " Scientists create fi rst global map of water Space race/Space junk on moon " Recent updates " World’s largest aircraft “Strato launch” South Asia Satellite: Signifi cance " MOM complete 3 years in orbit Neutrino Observatory " Solar mission Aditya L-1 in 2019 Solar Mission- ADITYA " Gravitational waves news Gravitational Waves " Radio galaxies RECENT DEVELOPMENTS " Indigenously developed S-Band " Spitzer Space Telescope Doppler weather radar " Chandra X-Ray Observatory " Kelvin waves " Multi Application Solar Telescope " ISRO made satellite based chip system " Thirty Metre Telescope " TDRS-M NASA " Resourcesat-2A " Neutrino Observatory " Astrosat " Indian Space Vision-2025 " Sunspot ‘NIRBHAY’ sub sonic cruise missile " Magnetars Brahmos " Neutron stars " Air-breathing propulsion system INS Koltar " Space Junk INS Kiltan " Graveyard Orbit NAG missile " Super cluster of galaxies known as Hydrogen bomb “Saraswati”. Vikram OPV " NASA: Asteroid impact and Integrated Quarter Master Package defl ection assessment mission. INS Kalvari " Commercial use of Lithium-Ion battery technology Prithvi II " Hyperspectral imaging satellite Air Independent Propulsion " Water propulsion system in CUBESAT Rukmini " Saturn-cassini Mission
IT AND COMMUNICATION
1. Different Regulatory Bodies in " Initiatives in 12th 5 year plan India for ICT " Major Policy Initiatives " Ministry of Communication and National Optical Fibre network information Technology
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" Spectrum Management " Networking : Bluetooth , WiFIHotSpot " Government initiatives " National E Governance Plan " Cyber Law " Recent Developments Government initiatives 2. Computer Terminology and Digital India Initiative Fundamental MeghRaj " History of Computers Code Free for India " Types of Computer E-Kranti " Component of Computer system Bharat Net project " Computer Languages Bharat QR " Generation of computers Contemporary debates Computer terminologies Net Nuetrality Supercomputer and its applications Internet of Things " Display technologies Big Data Initiative and Privacy " Cathode ray Cyber crime and security " LCD " LED 5. Spectrum Policy, Broad Band Policy " Plasma Monitors " Spectrum Policy in India " OLED " Spectrum " Mobile Spectrum 3. Mobile Generations and " Broadband Policy in India Technology " Cloud Computing " Defi nition and Impact of ICT on Society " Big Data " Evolution of Telecommunication " " Media Transmission technology Encyption " " Wireless , Optical Fibres, VSAT Biometrics SIM IMEI 3G 4 G VolTE Wi Max " Virtual Reality " Mobile generations " Digital India Smartphone " QR Codes Important concepts Recent Developments in IT & Telecom " Quantum computing 4. Internet, Types of Network and " e- Governance Project brainwave " Sagar Vani System " Internet " Locky Ransomware, Petya, WannaCry " WWW " Hindi word for computer i.e., “SANGANAK” " IP " India’s fi rst technology and innovation support " URL centre (TISC) " HTTP " Net neutrality " Computer Security Tools: fi rewalls, hackers " National cyber coordination center " Global Internet Governance e " Hortinet " Internet of things " Digital Transaction Methodologies " Internet Protocol " Block chain Technology " VPN " Bitcoins
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" Cyber Swachhta Kendra " Wi-Fi Technology " Digital Terrestrial Television " Digital Transaction Methodologies Transmission System " Bharat Net Project " Internet of Things
MATERIALS, NANO TECHNOLOGY AND ROBOTICS
1. Superconductivity Laser, Artifi cial Outer Space Intelligence Exploration " History Classifi cation and Properties of Military Robots Superconductors Disaster Areas " Application of Superconductors Entertainment " Types and Applications of LASERS Agriculture " Artifi cial Intelligence and Application Domestic work " Advantages and Disadvantages of Artifi cial Intelligence 3. Nano Technology
2. Superconductivity Laser, Artifi cial " What is Nanoscience and Nanotechnology? Intelligence " Origination of Nanoscience and Technology " What is Robotics? " Basics of Nanoscience " Robotics Terminologies " Nanomaterials " Laws of Robotics " Applications of nanotechnology " Robotics in India Nano medicine " Machine vs Computer vs Robots Semiconductors and computing " Parts of a Robot Food Controller Textiles Manipulator Sustainable energy End Effector Environment Sensor Transport " Classifi cation of Robots Space Rolling Robots Carbon Nanotube Walking Robots Graphene Autonomous Robots Quantum Dots " Artifi cial Intelligence Nano Bots " Advantages and Disadvantages of Robot Agriculture " Applications of Robotics " Adverse Health and Environmental Industrial Sector Impacts of Nanotechnology Aerospace " Social and Ethical Impacts: Healthcare Delivery " Nano-science and Nano-technology in India DEFENCE
1. Defence Technology On the basis of type
" Organisations On the basis of launch vehicle " Missile system and classifi cation On the basis of Range
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On the basis of propulsion system " Light Combat Aircraft " Ballistic vs Cruise Missile Unmanned Aerial Vehicle " IGMDP Intergrated Guided Missile Stealth technology Development Programme PrithviTrishul Nag Akash AGNI Chemical Weapon Shaurya Missile Biological Weapon ASTRA Missile Dhanush 2. Submarines Prahaar " Indian Submarines and Naval Ships " Brahmos Missile System " Commissioned Submarines " Anti-Ballistic Missile System " " Frigates Destroyers and Aircraft Carriers Project 75 " AWACS " INS Astradharini
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
1. Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Fuels " Nuclear Reactors in India " " Types of nuclear reactions Kudankulam Project " Nuclear Fusion Jaitapur Plant Nuclear Fission 3. Organisation Institutions " Nuclear Fuel – Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 " Department of Atomic Energy 2. Nuclear Programme in India " BHABHA " N-Power Policy of India 4. Radioactivity Advantages of Nuclear Energy Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy " Radiation and Radioactivity " Institutions involved in Nuclear " Radiation Technologies and Applications energy Development, AERB " Radioactive Waste and Nuclear " Safety standards in Nuclear Power plants Waster Management " India’s 3 stage Civil Nuclear Programme " Nuclear & Radiological Disasters
IPR AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES
1. IPR Intellectual Property Rights " Industrial Design " Copyrights " Trades Secrets " Trademarks " IPR and Agriculture " Patents BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Biotechnology in India " Various Fields of BT " " Department of BT R&D
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2. Genetics and biotechnology Public acceptance and safety of new biotechnology foods " Industrial genetics " Biotechnology and medicine " Genetic engineering Pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals " DNA sequencing Antibiotics " Nucleic acid probes " Genomics and proteomics Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies " Bioprocess/fermentation technology Biopharmaceuticals/therapeutic proteins Pharmacogenetics 3. Biological fuel generation Molecular biology and human disease " Global warming and the signifi cance Diagnostics in developing countries of fossils fuels Gene therapy " Biofuels from biomass Systems biology and medicine " Bioethanol from biomass " Stem cell biotechnology " Biodiesel " Methane 8. Protection of biotechnological " Hydrogen inventions
4. Environmental biotechnology " Patent protection Trade secrets " Plant breeders’ rights " Microbial Ecology Environmental Biotechnology 9. Recent development in " Waste water and sewage treatment Biotechnology " Landfi lling technologies " Composting " Achievements of Biotechnology in different fi elds " Bioremediation " " Detect and monitoring of pollutants Genome sequencing of Ragi done for the fi rst time in the world " Microbes and the geological environment " GM mustard policy 5. Plant and Forest biotechnology " DNA as storage device " Biomarker " Plant biotechnology " Algae based footwear " Forest biotechnology " Artifi cial Womb 6. Animal and insect biotechnology " U.K. grants gene editing license " " Genetic manipulation and transgenic animals GM Mosquito " Genetically engineered hormone and vaccines " DBT launched “Sohum” an innovative newborn " Animal organs for human patients hearing screening device " Genetically modifi ed insects " Biotech-KISAN scheme " India’s fi rst biomass to ethanol plant & its 7. Food and beverage biotechnology commercialization " " Food and beverage fermentations Digital Biopiracy " Microorganisms as food, Enzymes Genetically Modifi ed Mosquito and food processing " Designer Babies’ or Three Parents Babies Amino acids, vitamins and sweeteners " National Biotechnology Development Organic acids and polysaccharides Strategy 2015-2020
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GENERAL SCIENCE
BIOLOGY
1. Origin of Life and Cells " Animal Evolution " " Cell Structure Human Evolution " Membranes 5. Tissues " Cell-Cell Interactions " " Energy and Metabolism Epithelial tissue " " Respiration Connective tissue " " Cell Division Muscle tissue " Sexual Reproduction 6. Endocrine system
2. Genetics " Hypothalamus " Inheritance " Pineal body (epiphysis) " DNA, The Genetic Material " Pituitary gland (hypophysis) " Gene Expression " Thyroid " Gene Regulation " Adrenal glands " Mutation " Reproductive glands " Recombinant DNA Technology 7. Respiratory System
3. Classifi cation of Living Things " External and Internal Respiration " Classifi cation and Domains of Life " Respiratory system in Plants " General Biology/Classifi cation " Respiratory System in Insects of Living Things/Viruses " Respiratory System in Humans and Animals " Prokaryotes " Eukaryotes 8. The Transport System in Organisms Protista " Transport system in a Cell Plants " Transport System in Plants Fungi " Transport System in Animals Animals " Blood Vascular System " The Lymphatic System 4. Evolution of Life
" Evolution of Life 9. Skeletal and Muscular Systems
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" Bone and Skeleton System (Osteology) " Non-Communicable diseases " Ligaments (Syndesmology) Diabetes mellitus " Muscular System (Myology) " Vertebrates 14. Economic Zoology
" 10. Reproductive System Benefi cial animals: Corals - Earthworm - Vermiculture " Asexual Reproduction in Plants " Benefi cial insects - Prawns - Lobsters - " Asexual Reproduction in Animals Crabs - Pearl oysters - Fishes - Guano - " Sexual Reproduction in Plants Aquarium - Vivarium. " Sexual Reproduction in Animals " Harmful animals: Disease causing " Sexual Reproduction in Humans organisms - Vectors - Poisonous organisms - Fouling organisms - Pests. 11. Excretory System
" Excretory products 15. Recent Development " Excretion in plants " India has declared free from Bird fl u " Excretion in Animals " Revised Draft guidelines for stem " Osmoregulation, ADH and formation cell research, 2017 of Urine in Animals " " Physiological and Behavioural Adjustments Therapy for sepsis " Curcumin, A bioactive component 12. Nutrition of turmeric treats cancer " " Classifi cation by Source of Energy Embryo transfer technology and Carbon to increase livestock productivity " Plant Nutrition " “SOHUM’ an indigenously developed " Animal Nutrition newborn hearing screening device " Human Diet " Kyasanur forest disease or monkey " The Digestive System fever developed " Photosynthesis " India Declared Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus, H5N1 and Yaws Free 13. Diseases " Mission Indradhanush " Tuberculosis " New TB Drug Regimen Remarks
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