White-Tailed Deer Winter Feeding Strategy in Area Shared with Other Deer Species
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Species Fact Sheet: Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) [email protected] 023 8023 7874
Species Fact Sheet: Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) [email protected] www.mammal.org.uk 023 8023 7874 Quick Facts Recognition: Small deer, reddish brown in summer, grey in winter. Distinctive black moustache stripe, white chin. Appears tail-less with white/ cream rump patch which is especially conspicuous when its hairs are puffed out when the deer is alarmed. Males have short antlers, erect with no more than three points. Size: Average height at shoulder 60-75cm. Males slightly larger. Weight: Adults 10—25kg Life Span: The maximum age in the wild is 16 years, but most live 7 years.. Distribution & Habitat Roe deer are widespread throughout Scotland and much of England, and in many areas they are abundant. They are increasing their range. They are spreading southwards from their Scottish refuge, and northwards and westwards from the reintroduced populations, but are not yet but are not yet established in most of the Midlands and Kent. They have never occurred in Ireland. They are generally found in open mixed, coniferous or purely deciduous woodland, particularly at edges between woodland and open habitats. Roe deer feed throughout the 24 hours, but are most active at dusk and dawn. General Ecology Behaviour Roe deer exist solitary or in small groups, with larger groups typically feeding together during the winter. At exceptionally high densities, herds of 15 or more roe deer can be seen in open fields during the spring and summer. Males are seasonally territorial, from March to August. Young females usually establish ranges close to their mothers; juvenile males are forced to disperse further afield. -
Ecology of Red Deer a Research Review Relevant to Their Management in Scotland
Ecologyof RedDeer A researchreview relevant to theirmanagement in Scotland Instituteof TerrestrialEcology Natural EnvironmentResearch Council á á á á á Natural Environment Research Council Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Ecology of Red Deer A research review relevant to their management in Scotland Brian Mitchell, Brian W. Staines and David Welch Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Banchory iv Printed in England by Graphic Art (Cambridge) Ltd. ©Copyright 1977 Published in 1977 by Institute of Terrestrial Ecology 68 Hills Road Cambridge CB2 11LA ISBN 0 904282 090 Authors' address: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Hill of Brathens Glassel, Banchory Kincardineshire AB3 4BY Telephone 033 02 3434. The Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) was established in 1973, from the former Nature Conservancy's research stations and staff, joined later by the Institute of Tree Biology and the Culture Centre of Algae and Protozoa. ITE contributes to and draws upon the collective knowledge of the fourteen sister institutes which make up the Natural Environment Research Council, spanning all the environmental sciences. The Institute studies the factors determining the structure, composition and processes of land and freshwater systems, and of individual plant and animal species. It is developing a Sounder scientific basis for predicting and modelling environmental trends arising from natural or man-made change. The results of this research are available to those responsible for the protection, management and wise use of our natural resources. Nearly half of ITE'Swork is research commissioned by customers, such as the Nature Conservancy Council who require information for wildlife conservation, the Forestry Commission and the Department of the Environment. The remainder is fundamental research supported by NERC. -
Behavioral Changes, Stress, and Survival Following Reintroduction of Persian Fallow Deer from Two Breeding Facilities
Contributed Paper Behavioral Changes, Stress, and Survival Following Reintroduction of Persian Fallow Deer from Two Breeding Facilities ROYI ZIDON,∗§ DAVID SALTZ,† LAURENCE S. SHORE,‡ AND UZI MOTRO∗ ∗Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel †Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boqer Campus 84990, Israel ‡Veterinary Services and Animal Health, P.O. Box 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel Abstract: Reintroductions often rely on captive-raised, na¨ıve animals that have not been exposed to the various threats present in natural environments. Wild animals entering new areas are timid and invest much time and effort in antipredator behavior. On the other hand, captive animals reared in predator- free conditions and in close proximity to humans may initially lack this tendency, but can reacquire some antipredator behavior over time. We monitored the changes in antipredator-related behaviors of 16 radio- collared Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) reintroduced to the Soreq Valley in Israel from 2 breeding facilities: one heavily visited by the public (The Biblical Zoo of Jerusalem, Israel) and the other with reduced human presence (Hai-Bar Carmel, Israel). We monitored each individual for up to 200 days after release, focusing on flush and flight distance, flight mode (running or walking), and use of cover. In addition, we compared fecal corticosterone (a stress-related hormone) from samples collected from -
Wild Ways Well and Deer
Wild Ways Well and Deer Today’s Wild Ways Well task is to go for a walk in your local greenspace and keep an eye out for deer… Remember to follow the guidelines on Social Distancing, stay 2m apart from other people and only walk in your local area – and remember to wash your hands! You’ll Be Active by carefully walking outdoors (observing social distancing) keeping your mind busy and occupying your time looking for signs of these elusive mammals. Deer are quite common, even in urban areas, but spotting them can be difficult. We can Connect with deer by opening up our senses and empathising with the way they live their lives. Deer have many of the same needs as us – how do they find food, water and shelter in Cumbernauld? How do their senses compare to ours? Do they see the world in the same way we do? We can Keep Learning, there are hundreds of web pages, book and tv programmes dedicated to deer. Deer have been part of human culture for thousands of years, we can learn what our ancestors thought of them and how we can live alongside them today. Although they are secretive and hard to see Deer area actually all around us, and are vital to the ecosystem we all share but we rarely Take Notice and look very closely at them. It’s amazing how much we miss out in nature when we just walk through without paying attention to what is around us. We can Give by giving ourselves a break from the drama of the current events and focusing on the little things around us that give us pleasure and by sharing these with others, in person or online. -
The Management of Wild Deer in Scotland
The Management of Wild Deer in Scotland Report of the Deer Working Group RED DEER ROE DEER SIKA DEER FALLOW DEER 1 The Management of Wild Deer in Scotland Report of the Deer Working Group Simon Pepper OBE, Andrew Barbour, Dr Jayne Glass Presented to Scottish Ministers by the Deer Working Group December 2019 2 Front Cover Maps The maps show the distributions in 2016 of the four species of wild deer that occur in Scotland. The maps are shown at a larger scale in Section 2 of the Report. The Deer Working Group is very grateful to the British Deer Society for providing these maps. © Crown copyright 2020 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open- government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.scot Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at The Scottish Government St Andrew’s House Edinburgh EH1 3DG ISBN: 978-1-83960-525-3 Published by The Scottish Government, February 2020 Produced for The Scottish Government by APS Group Scotland, 21 Tennant Street, Edinburgh EH6 5NA PPDAS687714 (02/20) 3 PREFACE PREFACE The Deer Working Group was established by the Scottish Government in 2017, as a result of the Government’s concern at the continuing issues over the standards of deer management in Scotland and the levels of damage to public interests caused by wild deer. -
The Impact of Lynx and Wolf on Roe Deer Hunting Value in Sweden
The Impact of Lynx and Wolf on Roe Deer Hunting Value in Sweden 2002-2012 KATARINA ELOFSSONa1, TOBIAS HÄGGMARK SVENSSONa aDepartment of Economics, Box 7013, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 ABSTRACT Large carnivores provide ecosystem and cultural benefits but also impose costs on livestock owners, due to predation, and on hunters, due to the competition for game. The benefits as well as the costs that accrue to livestock owners have been studied, but this is not the case for the costs that accrue to hunters. The aim of this paper was to identify the impact of lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) hunting value. We applied a production function approach, using a bioeconomic model where the number of roe deer harvested was assumed to be jointly determined by hunting effort, abundance of predators, availability of other game, and climatic conditions. The impact of the predators on the roe deer harvests was estimated econometrically, and carnivore impacts for a constant and adjusted, steady state hunting effort were derived. The results showed that the marginal cost in terms of hunting values foregone varied between the counties and ranged between 18,000 and 58,000 EUR for lynx and 79,000 and 336,000 EUR for wolf. Larger costs were found in counties where the hunting effort was high, mainly located in south Sweden. The regional variation in costs has implications for decisions on policies affecting the regional distribution of wolf and lynx. KEY WORDS costs, hunting, lynx, moose, predation, production function approach, roe deer, wolves. -
What Is the Risk of a Cervid TSE Being Introduced from Norway to Britain?
What is the risk of a cervid TSE being introduced from Norway into Great Britain? Qualitative Risk Assessment June 2018 © Crown copyright 2018 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence v.3. To view this licence visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ or email [email protected] This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at [[email protected]] www.gov.uk/defra Contents Summary ............................................................................................................................. 1 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. 3 Background .......................................................................................................................... 4 Hazard identification ............................................................................................................ 5 Risk Question .................................................................................................................... 11 Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................... 12 Terminology related to the assessed level of risk ........................................................... 12 Entry assessment .......................................................................................................... -
Know Your Venison Photos by - Neil Mcintyre and Glyn Satterley
Know your Venison Photos by - Neil McIntyre and Glyn Satterley This leafl et is produced by the Scottish Venison Partnership and Nichola Fletcher, author of Ultimate Venison Cookery, in conjunction with the Scottish Federation of Meat Traders Association with support from Scottish Natural Heritage. More information www.scottish-venison.info Venison – the prestigious meat from our iconic or www.nicholafl etcher.com Scottish deer. With its healthy image and fantastic fl avour it has everything going for it. Not surprisingly, venison has been experiencing a surge in demand. www.scottish-venison.info Essential facts about venison because of these differences, and also because deer these terms, it is more helpful to refer to loins as deer feed on grass and vegetation rather than for butchers and their customers. that damage crops and forestry can legally be shot loin or loin fi llet and to the true fi llet as fi let mignon, high-energy cereals. out of season, it is usually possible to buy some kind undercut or tenderloin. A carvery saddle is cut of wild venison throughout the year. Farmed deer are between the 6th & 7th ribs. It may also be because they have not been artifi cially The four deer species found in Scotland are: exempt from all close seasons so farmed venison is bred for centuries to produce fat; indeed venison is available all year round. Some venison dealers also 2. Haunch (back leg). Can be cut into bone-in the meat our ancestors ate for millennia, it is really Red deer (males: stags females: hinds) handle imported venison. -
VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS Irma Pūraitė
VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS GAMTOS MOKSL Ų FAKULTETAS BIOLOGIJOS KATEDRA Irma P ūrait ė ELNINI Ų GENETIN Ė ĮVAIROV Ė BEI J Ų PERNEŠAMŲ ERKI Ų UŽSIKR ĖTIMAS BORRELIA BURGDORFERI S.L. IR ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM Magistro baigiamasis darbas Molekulin ės biologijos ir biotechnologijos studij ų programa, 62401B107 Biologijos studij ų kryptis Vadovas prof. Algimantas Paulauskas (parašas) (data) Apginta prof. habil. dr. Gintautas Kamuntavi čius (parašas) (data) KAUNAS, 2010 Darbas atliktas: 2008 – 2010 m. Vytauto Didžiojo universitete, Biologijos katedroje, Kaune, Lietuvoje ir 2009.07.01 – 2009.09.30 LLP Erasmus student ų praktikos metu, Telemark University College, Department of Environmental and Health Studies, Bø i Telemark, Norvegijoje. Recenzentas: dr. J.Radzijevskaja, fiziniai mokslai, biochemija. Darbas ginamas: viešame magistr ų darb ų gynimo komisijos pos ėdyje 2010 met ų birželio 3d. Vytauto Didžiojo universitete, Biologijos katedroje, 801 auditorijoje, 10 val. Adresas: Vileikos g. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lietuva. Protokolo Nr. Darbo vykdytojas: I.P ūrait ė Mokslinis vadovas: prof. A.Paulauskas Biologijos katedra, ved ėjas: prof. A.Paulauskas 2 TURINYS SANTRAUKA .................................................................................................................................. 4 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 5 ĮVADAS ........................................................................................................................................... -
The Genetic and Phenotypic Consequences of Translocations of Deer (Genus Cervus) in Scotland
The Genetic and Phenotypic consequences of translocations of deer (Genus Cervus) in Scotland Graeme Mackie Swanson Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Edinburgh 1999 To Lisbeth and Rory "The Japanese are a most satisfactory little deer.. " Viscount Powers court (1884) CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ 4 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 GENERAL WTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 6 1.1.1 Conservation genetics .......................................................................................................... '7 1.2 TI-IE GENUS CERVUS ...................................................................................................................... 9 1.2.1 Phenotype ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.2.2 Genotype ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.3 Phylogeny ......................................................................................................................... -
'Deer Management Strategy for the NFE'
Forest Enterprise Scotland Deer Management on the National Forest Estate Current Practice and Future Directions 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2016 [Draft 20.03.2013] Contents Introduction The significance of deer on the National Forest Estate Protecting and enhancing the environment Supporting social well-being Supporting sustainable economic development Distribution of deer on the National Forest Estate Working with others Deer Management Groups Working with neighbours and stakeholders Leading by example Our approach to professional standards The FES deer management team Professional standards Operational guidance Forestry Commission Firearms Advisory Group Industry best practice Deer Management Qualifications Raising Awareness Health and safety Resources for deer management How we manage deer Planning deer management Evidence-based Management Deciding the management approach Fencing Culling Setting Cull Targets Distribution of the cull Deer Culled on the NFE 2010/11 & 11/12 Firearms and ammunition Out of season and night shooting Safeguarding the welfare of deer and the wider environment Deer health Deer vehicle collisions Despatch of wounded deer Managing significant incursions of deer Sika deer Other non-native species Wildlife crime and disturbance Deer stalking on the NFE Recreational stalking Accompanied stalking Venison Venison Supply Quality Assurance Deer Larders Summary of key commitments 2 INTRODUCTION Forestry Commission Scotland (FCS) serves as part of the Scottish Government’s Environment and Forestry Directorate and is responsible to Scottish Ministers. Forest Enterprise Scotland (FES) is an agency of Forestry Commission Scotland charged with managing the National Forest Estate (NFE). FES manages about 9 per cent of Scotland’s land area in line with the Scottish Government’s ‘Land Use Strategy’ to deliver a wide range of public benefits, including those outlined in the Scottish Government’s ‘Scottish Forestry Strategy’. -
Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs, Wild
Spancerniene et al. Acta Vet Scand (2018) 60:13 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-018-0367-7 Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica RESEARCH Open Access Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus in pigs, wild boars, roe deer, red deer and moose in Lithuania Ugne Spancerniene1* , Juozas Grigas1, Jurate Buitkuviene2, Judita Zymantiene1, Vida Juozaitiene3, Milda Stankeviciute4, Dainius Razukevicius4, Dainius Zienius5 and Arunas Stankevicius1 Abstract Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the major causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. In Europe, food- borne zoonotic transmission of HEV genotype 3 has been associated with domestic pigs and wild boar. Controversial data are available on the circulation of the virus in animals that are used for human consumption, and to date, no gold standard has yet been defned for the diagnosis of HEV-associated hepatitis. To investigate the current HEV infection status in Lithuanian pigs and wild ungulates, the presence of viral RNA was analyzed by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) in randomly selected samples, and the viral RNA was subsequently genotyped. Results: In total, 32.98 and 22.55% of the domestic pig samples were HEV-positive using RT-nPCR targeting the ORF1 and ORF2 fragments, respectively. Among ungulates, 25.94% of the wild boar samples, 22.58% of the roe deer samples, 6.67% of the red deer samples and 7.69% of the moose samples were positive for HEV RNA using primers targeting the ORF1 fragment. Using primers targeting the ORF2 fragment of the HEV genome, viral RNA was only detected in 17.03% of the wild boar samples and 12.90% of the roe deer samples.