Techniques Three-Dimensional Representation 3D Representation on a Flat Surface Types Sculpture Chiaroscuro Fitting Drawing Type

THREE-DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATION TYPES

RELIEF 3D REPRESENTATION ON SCULPTURE IN THE A FLAT SURFACE ROUND

LINEAR SHADOWS TYPES SUSTRACTIVE ADITIVE PERSPECTIVE OF LIGHT LIGHT VANISHING LINES CARVING CASTING MODELING AREA SOURCE POSITION VANISHING POINT ARTIFICIAL LATERAL Stone CAST Vs BACK Clay SHADOWS Wood Metals HORIZON LINE NATURAL FRONT Plasticine Wax FORM SHADOWS Up to this point we have studied and practiced many ways and aspects of drawing, but mainly in two dimensions. In the Shape's unit we studied the bi-dimensional shapes, and actually we studied some resources or tricks to make the drawing appear to be three dimensional. Those tricks were displaying the shapes overlapping themselves, changing their size or using color contrasts. When we refer to a shape we usually think of a flat shape such as a polygon, a circle, etc. Unless we use the adjective "Three dimensional" a shape will be thought as flat. A form is always thought as three dimensional. Forms can be truly three dimensional, or even two dimensional but with a three dimensional or volume appearance. That appearance is obtained depicting the light and dark areas, the shadows. The light depiction is called chiaroscuro and it is achieved through shading the drawings. Shading or chiaroscuro can be done in many colors or with one single color, usually black and white. Perspective is another important aspect of three dimensional depiction.

Learn How to turn a flat STILL LIVES shape into a form by shading the areas of the A still life is a painting or drawing that shows non animated objects or drawing watching this short Youtube video food. Very important painters as Leonardo, Zurbaran,Morandi or Antonio http://youtu.be/ExRRHY9wT6Q Lopez have painted this kind of depictions. Observe both still lives below and think about which one depicts better space and volumes. Why?. It is not that Morandi did not know how to do it better, it is more that Morandi was not interested in chiaorscuro as much as Zurbarán.

Still life. Giorgio Morandi, 1947 Dish with lemons, basket with oranges and cup with a rose. Image source: http://closetpoesie.tumblr.com/post/ Francisco de Zurbarán, 1633 10256965074/1947-still-life-giorgio-morandi Image source:http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Zurbarán

SPACE, LIGHT AND VOLUME INTRO. Page: SHAPE AND FORM AND SILL LIVES 1 of 4 COLOR VALUE SCALES As clear or whithish (pale) the shapes are as far as they seem to be. Observe the picture on the right, see how the mountains that are further look much clearer or lighter than the ones which are closer. This is caused by the air moisture and other environmental agents. This phenomenom or resource is called Aerial perspective.

Aerial Perspective. Image Source: http://willkempartschool.com/ how-to-instantly-add-depth-to-your-mountains-in-acrylic-landscape-painting/ GORKY’S OVERLAPPING SHAPES

Observe how Arshile Gorky, who was an Armenian abstract painter, overlaps some shapes in order to create a depth impression in his paintings. While the shapes he paints look totally flat, the overlapping gives the depictions a spacial touch. Gorky did use different styles, mostly cubist as Picasso and also abstract expressionists did as Kandinsky. This image has a cubist style.

Still Life (Red and Yellow). Arshile Gorky. 1930 Image Source: http://arshilegorkyfoundation.org/image-gallery

PERSPECTIVE, LEONARDO DA VINCI, AND THE LAST SUPPER. Leonardo Da Vinci was one of the first artists studiying linear perspective. The last supper is one of his master pieces showing a one point perspective. Linear perspective comes from the observation and study on how we, human, see the world. Its main components to stablish a drawing or pictorial system are the point of view, the horizon line and the vanishing points and lines. Perspective is a system that needs lots and lots of auxiliary lines. Mark on the picture the vanishing lines, where they all intersect you will find the vanishing point and through it you can draw the horizon line. HORIZON PLANE PICTUREPLANE

PRINCIPAL RAY PV PP

HORIZONLINE

GROUNDLINE GROUND PLANE

Watch this Youtube video that shows the vanishing lines and the vanishing point in the last supper The Last supper. Leonardo da Vinci.(1452–1519) painting by Leonardo. Image Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Da_Vinci_5.jpg http://youtu.be/ODEvCINTADs

This is a Youtube video channel Besides Perspective, "The last supper" is a painting which has that shows different videos on drawing different stuff and famous a lot of misteries in its composition as well as in its symbolism. buildings in perspective.

https://www.youtube.com/user/DRArchW/videos

THREE DIMENSIONAL TIPS FOR SHAPES Page: AND PERSPECTIVE 2 of 4 '

Chiaroscuro takes place in a drawing or painting whenever the artist or HIGH LIGHT LIGHT AREA author is taking on acount the light on CORE SHADOW the objects as well as in the FORM SHADOW environment. To work more focused on chiaroscuro CAST SHADOW depictions are usually in black and white or in a grey scale, but they can also be colored. Any objects or subjects have different areas of ilumination. The main areas are the light area and the shadow area on the object. Shadow area on the object is called form shadow or core shadow. The Light area usually shows a high REFLECTED light spot or area where light hits harder LIGHT HALO or more perpendicular to the object ' ' ' The object drops, while blocking the light direction, a cast shadow that sometimes shows a little lighter area around it called halo. The halo has a higher value than the rest of the background because of the light direction. The cast shadow is usually the darkest area, or the lowest value, in the chiaroscuro drawings. PROCESS TO CREATE A CHIAROSCURO DRAWING LINE DRAWING GRISAILLE LIGHT AREAS SHADOW AREAS BLEND VALUES

A Grisaille consists on giving a meidum value (50% grey) to the drawing before the line drawing has been done. After the grisaille the artist would erase the medium grey where he or she wants the light areas and get the shadow areas darker. With that, the drawing will have a medium value, a general dark one and a general light area. When that is achieved, it is only about blending values and giving the last detail touches such as the reflected light area on the form shadow or the high light on the light area, also a halo around the cast shadow if the spotlight is hard. Not all the artists need to follow that process, it can be done in a different way, but this is one of the safest and easiest.

CHIAROSCURO By Paula Cole. Listen to the song and fill in the blanks with the given words below. Goya and el greco, Gaugin and Van Gogh How we lived a secret life from racist eyes painted light in the ______, chiaroscuro you said i couldn't understand you anyway i tried imagine we were a ______a woman and a man, But in this moment together, in our secret unity two lovers on a ______our skins become the ______, our souls epiphany one is white, one is black. Chorus Darkness and ____will be married tonight in chiaroscuro your body on mine - two colors combined in chiaroscuro In this Youtube video you can listen to Vermeer and Velazquez, Rembrandt and Rousseau "Chiaroscuro" by Paula ______perfect union, chiaroscuro Cole. the man and the woman http://youtu.be/6W6pLt2n3eM the knife and the spoon the xylem and the phloem the sun and the ______Chorus painting · still life · darkness · moon · canvas · light · painting

CHIAROSCURO Page: 3 of 4 A solid is a closed surface in three-dimensional space also such a surface together with the volume enclosed by it. Archimedes was the philosopher who studied deepest this concept in a scientific way Cézanne was interested in the simplification of naturally occurring forms to their geometric essentials and in the space representation in his paintings. Read in the following text what he was telling a friend: "Treat nature in terms of the cylinder, the sphere, and the cone, the whole put into perspective so that each side of an object, or of a plane, leads towards a central point. Lines parallel to the horizon give breadth,.... Lines perpendicular to this horizon give depth.. .." Source: What he told me – The motif, Joachim Gasquet, as quoted in Joachim Gasquet’s Cézanne, - a Memoir with Conversations, Thames and Hudson, London 1991 pp. 163-164

Polyhedra are Solid three-dimensional shapes formed by polygonal flat faces. Each polihedron face is a polygon. The lines where two faces meet are called edges and the points where several faces meet are called vertices. There are many types and ways to list a polihedron, but we can mainly tell three or four types: Regular and semi regular polihedra (whose faces are regular polygons and can be inscribed in spheres), Prisms and pyramids. While prisms have two bases and the edges that connect them are parallels, pyramids have only one base and an opposite vertex. Other type of Solids are round and don't have faces. Cones an cylinders have one or two bases and they are surfaces generated by making a straight line turn on a base, which is usually a circle. A sphere is generated by making a circle turn around itself and its main example is a ball. Mont Sainte Victoire (Barnes). Paul Cézanne, 1895 Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/ PLATONIC SOLIDS There are only five polihedra which can be made out only with one regular poygon. Plato, an ancient greek philosopher, associated each of these polyedra with the earth, air, water, fire and the universe. Fill in the labels of each polihedron below First read the descriptions below on the left. And after that you’ll be able to find out the association Plato made to each one reading his reasons for this associations.

NAME: NAME: NAME: NAME: NAME: ELEMENT: ELEMENT: ELEMENT: ELEMENT: ELEMENT: Was associated with water because it flows out of your hand if Tetrahedron: you hold it because it is very similar to an sphere as water which Formed by four triangles. is made of tiny little balls. Cube: Was associated to air because its minuscule components are so Formed by four square faces. smooth that one can barely feel it. This polihedron seems to be as light as the air. Octahedron: Formed by eight triangular faces. Was associated with fire because the heat of fire feels sharp and stabbing like this polihedron. Icosahedron: Formed by twenty triangular faces. Was associated with Earth because it is a very different to a sphere solid and looks very stable as Earth. Dodecaedron: formed by twelve pentagons. Plato associated it with the universe as he said it was God used it for making a plan for the constellations on the whole universe”

SOLIDS OR MAIN VOLUMES Page: 4 of 4