DOCSLIB.ORG

Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic Of Figure 1. Malaria by Annual Parasite Index (API) at VENEZUELA, BOLIVARIAN municipality level (ADM2), Venezuela 2014 REPUBLIC OF Venezuela is one of the few countries in the Americas that has had an increase of cases since 2000 and ranks as the country with the highest increase at 205% of cases. There were 90,708 cases reported in 2014, which is more than the country has reported in over 50 years (Figures 1 and 2). In the 1950s, Venezuela actually served as a model for elimination efforts and was certified by WHO to have eliminated malaria in its northern part. Despite the current alarming morbidity, Venezuela the death rates have not mirrored the morbidity trends Guyana and there has been a 79% decrease since 2000. API Malaria mostly occurs in the southern states of per 1,000 people Amazonas and Bolivar. Sifontes, a municipality in Bolivar No casesColombia state that shares a border with Guyana, has reported ≤ 0.1 0.11 - 1 1.01 - 5 5.01 - 10 ®Brazil 0 40 80 160 240 Figure 2. Number of cases and deaths due to 10.01 - 50 Kilometers Longitude/Latitude >50 Datum WGS84 malaria in Venezuela, 2000-2014 Source: PAHO/CHA/VT 100,000 50 80,000 40 10058%,000 of all cases in the country (Figure 3).50 The areas s most affected are those where gold mining occurs. The e 80,000 40 s a 60,000 30 s large population in mining areas, poor living conditions, f c s h t o e s and lack of development have all led to the increase of ea a 60,000 30 D s f c h 40,000 20 t o malaria in this area. umber ea N 40,000 20 D 20,000 10 umber In 2014, P. vivax caused 69.3% of malaria infections N in the country, while P. falciparum caused 23.2% of 0 0 20,cases.000 There were also 15 reported cases 1of0P. malariae 2 5 7 9 2 4 0 1 3 4 6 0 3 8 1 in 2014. Anopheles darlingi is the predominant vector in 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 201 0 0 2 5 7 9 2 4 0 1 3 4 6 0 3 the country. 8 1 Con■firmed Cases P. ■falciparum & Mixed ■ Deaths P. falciparum & mixed Confirmed cases Deaths 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 201 Confirmed Cases P. falciparum & Mixed Deaths Age groups Municipality State Figure 3. Municipalities with the highest number of malaria cases in Venezuela, 2012-2014 80+ Sifontes Bolivar 31,396 46,610 52,509 Female Age groups Municipality70-79St ayearte s Male 80+ Atures Amazonas 2,269 4,377 5,897 Sifontes 60-69Bo liyearvars 31,396 46,610 52,509 Female 70-79 years 3,604 5,057 5,289 50-59 years Male Cedeno Bolivar Atures Amazonas 2,269 4,377 5,897 60-69 years 45-49 years 2,985 5,195 5,224 50-59 years Gran Sabana Bolivar Cedeno 40-44Bo liyearvars 3,604 5,057 5,289 45-49 years Raul Leoni Bolivar 1,363 2,844 5,130 35-39 years 2,985 5,195 5,224 Gran Sabana Bolivar 40-44 years 30-34 years Sucre Bolivar 1,916 2,691 3,490 Raul Leoni Bolivar 1,363 2,844 5,130 35-39 years 25-29 years 30-34 years Piar Bolivar 2,272 2,642 2,089 Sucre 20-24Bo liyearvars 1,916 2,691 3,490 25-29 years Manapiare Amazonas 378 818 1,776 15-19 years Piar Bolivar 2,272 2,642 2,089 20-24 years 10-14 years Antonio Diaz Delta Amacuro 807 395 1,403 378 818 1,776 15-19 years Manapiare 5-9Am yearazonass 757 829 1,263 10-14 years Atabapo Amazonas Antonio Diaz DUndeltaer A 5macuro 807 395 1,403 5-9 years 10,000 5,000 0 5,000 10,000 0 80,000 0 80,000 0 Atabapo80,000 Amazonas 757 829 1,263 Under 5 Decrease Increase 2012 2013 2014 Confirmed cases 0 80,000 0 80,000 0 80,000 10,000 5,000 0 5,000 10,000 Decrease Increase 2012 2013 2014 Confirmed cases 97 97 - 98 - 100,000 50 80,000 40 s e s a 60,000 30 1,000 s Female f c h t o le 856 p 800 Male ea D peo 40,000 20 0 umber 600 00 N , 0 568 10 20,000 10 r 400 pe s 241 e s 161 318 185 a 200 0 0 C 2 5 7 9 2 4 0 1 3 4 6 0 3 8 1 147 0 73 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 201 Under 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50+ Confirmed Cases P. falciparum & Mixed Deaths 5 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Figure 4. Malaria cases by age and sex in Figure 6. Blood slides examined and SPR in Venezuela, 2014 Venezuela, 2000-2014 Age groups Municipality State 600,000 30% 80+ Sifontes Bolivar 31,396 46,610 52,509 Female 70-79 years SPR) d Male ( e 2,269 4,377 5,897 400,000 20% e n Atures Amazonas 60-69 years t i a m a 3,604 5,057 5,289 50-59 years x Cedeno Bolivar e e 45-49 years l p sitivity R 2,985 5,195 5,224 o Gran Sabana Bolivar 1eo ,20000,000 10% P 40-44 years P Female e d 1,363 2,844 5,130 35-39 years le 856 Sli Raul Leoni Bolivar p 800 Male 30-34 years peo Sucre Bolivar 1,916 2,691 3,490 0 0 0% 600 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 25-29 years 3 4 , 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 Piar Bolivar 2,272 2,642 2,089 0 568 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20-24 years 10 r 400 378 818 1,776 15-19 years pe Blood Slides Examined SPR (%) Manapiare Amazonas s 241 e s 161 318 185 10-14 years a 200 Antonio Diaz Delta Amacuro 807 395 1,403 C 5-9 years 147 0 73 Atabapo Amazonas 757 829 1,263 Under 5 DiagnosisUnder and5-9 Treatment10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50+ 0 80,000 0 80,000 0 80,000 10,000 5,000 0 5,000 10,000 5 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Microscopy125,000 is used to diagnose malaria, though the Decrease Increase 2012 2013 2014 Confirmed cases Global Fund via PAMAFROFirst-line trea tdonatedments RDTs in 2007 for a s 100,000 e Confirmed Cases pilots study conducted in the Amazon forest area (Figure a f c 75,000 6).o In 2014, the SPR was 17.36% which, has risen in the 600,000 30% Generally, young men between the ages of 20-24 r 97 years were the most affected (Figure 4). The malaria past5 0few,000 years along with the incidence rate. Medication umbe incidence in women (14.5 cases per 100,000) was less is N free in the public health system, but stock-outs have SPR) d 25,000 ( e been400, 00reported.0 A 14-day treatment of cholorquine20% e n t than half of that in men (36.5 cases per 100,000 men) i 0 a m anda primaquine is the first-line treatment forP. vivax in 2014 (Figure 5). Occupation is a risk factor for men. x 1 1 2 2 0 0 9 8 7 3 3 6 5 4 4 e 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 infections,e while the combination drug of artesunate- l 20 The incidence in pregnant women was 69 malaria cases 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 p sitivity R mefloqiune-primaquine is used for P. falciparum. Drug o per 100,000 pregnant women in 2014, which was eo 200,000 10% P *DP ata for first-line treatment unavailable for 2011-2013. e significantly lower than that in non-pregnant women of efficacy studies have not been reported in the past d child-bearing age (267 cases per 100,000 women for 10 years even as the probability of development of Sli that year). This is perhaps because malaria transmission resistance0 to artemisinin remains high in the Guiana0% 8 0 2 4 0 1 3 5 7 $15M 2 4 6 9 1 3 s) 6M 60,000 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Shield area. 0 0 0 0 1 1 largely happensn outdoors. o 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 illi m s) n Blood Slides Examined SPR (%) i n ( $10M Priority Groups y ITNs Figureo 7. Number of malaria cases and those 4M 40,000 b illi Gold miners are the principal population of concern d m e treated with first-line treatment in Venezuela, y IRS ct n i b e ( t as well as those who live in populated areas near gold d o 2000-2014$ e pr ct $5M mines.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • <I>Scutellospora Tepuiensis</I>
    MYCOTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 January–March 2017—Volume 132, pp. 9–18 http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/132.9 Scutellospora tepuiensis sp. nov. from the highland tepuis of Venezuela Zita De Andrade1†, Eduardo Furrazola2 & Gisela Cuenca1* 1 Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Ecología, Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela 2Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, CITMA, C.P. 11900, Capdevila, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract—Examination of soil samples collected from the summit of Sororopán-tepui at La Gran Sabana, Venezuela, revealed an undescribed species of Scutellospora whose spores have an unusual and very complex ornamentation. The new species, named Scutellospora tepuiensis, is the fourth ornamented Scutellospora species described from La Gran Sabana and represents the first report of a glomeromycotan fungus for highland tepuis in the Venezuelan Guayana. Key words—arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, taxonomy, tropical species, Gigasporaceae, Glomeromycetes Introduction The Guayana shield occupies a vast area that extends approximately 1500 km in an east-to-west direction from the coast of Suriname to southwestern Venezuela and adjacent Colombia in South America. This region is mostly characterized by nutrient-poor soils and a flora of notable species richness, high endemism, and diversity of growth forms (Huber 1995). Vast expanses of hard rock (Precambrian quartzite and sandstone) that once covered this area as part of Gondwanaland (Schubert & Huber 1989) have been heavily weathered and fragmented by over a billion years of erosion cycles, leaving behind just a few strikingly isolated mountains (Huber 1995). These table mountains, with their sheer vertical walls and mostly flat summits, are the outstanding physiographic feature of the Venezuelan Guayana (Schubert & Huber 1989).
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of the Amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and Annotated Species List, Distribution, and Conservation 1,2César L
    Mannophryne vulcano, Male carrying tadpoles. El Ávila (Parque Nacional Guairarepano), Distrito Federal. Photo: Jose Vieira. We want to dedicate this work to some outstanding individuals who encouraged us, directly or indirectly, and are no longer with us. They were colleagues and close friends, and their friendship will remain for years to come. César Molina Rodríguez (1960–2015) Erik Arrieta Márquez (1978–2008) Jose Ayarzagüena Sanz (1952–2011) Saúl Gutiérrez Eljuri (1960–2012) Juan Rivero (1923–2014) Luis Scott (1948–2011) Marco Natera Mumaw (1972–2010) Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 13(1) [Special Section]: 1–198 (e180). Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation 1,2César L. Barrio-Amorós, 3,4Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, and 5J. Celsa Señaris 1Fundación AndígenA, Apartado Postal 210, Mérida, VENEZUELA 2Current address: Doc Frog Expeditions, Uvita de Osa, COSTA RICA 3Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010-A, VENEZUELA 4Current address: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619–900, BRAZIL 5Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, apartado 20632, Caracas 1020, VENEZUELA Abstract.—Presented is an annotated checklist of the amphibians of Venezuela, current as of December 2018. The last comprehensive list (Barrio-Amorós 2009c) included a total of 333 species, while the current catalogue lists 387 species (370 anurans, 10 caecilians, and seven salamanders), including 28 species not yet described or properly identified. Fifty species and four genera are added to the previous list, 25 species are deleted, and 47 experienced nomenclatural changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Shrouds of Mystery
    Story Giles Foden Photographs Philip Lee Harvey SHROUDS OF MYSTERY Venezuela’s bizarre antediluvian landscape hides many secrets, tempting fearless adventurers over the years with the possibility of riches and even enlightenment The waterfall seemed to fall through eternity. Sifted in the sieve of itself – hovering in the air, staggering but never stopping – it appeared to be part of a world in which time had slowed down, or somehow been canceled altogether. There are verifiable reasons to explain how this impression could form in my head. Water from above was decelerating as it hit water below, water that had itself already slowed down – and so on and on. The phenomenon that is Angel Falls comes down in some of the world’s oldest natural formations: the table- like “tepui” mountains that rise, suddenly and inconceivably, from the Gran Sabana. This vast area of grassland and jungle is the heartland of Venezuela. The tepuis themselves are remnant geological features of Gondwanaland, Myth and legend surround a supercontinent that existed some 180 million years ago, when Africa and South America were conjoined. It was the American pilot Jimmie no wonder I felt out of time. Angel, after whom Angel Falls in Venezuela is Silent and amazed, perched on a rocky outcrop opposite the falls, I watched the cascade’s foaming sections, named. He was born streaming and checking in the roaring flow. At 3,212 feet high, Angel Falls is the world’s tallest waterfall, a “vertical in Missouri in 1899 river” that has mesmerized many before me. With a flash of insight, I realized its movement exemplified humanity’s never-ending Auyántepui, the mountain from which it descends, reads like dance between holism and separation; everything is connected, something out of a novel.
    [Show full text]
  • Scienze Geologiche
    Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN SCIENZE GEOLOGICHE Ciclo XXVI Settore Concorsuale di afferenza: 04/A3 Settore Scientifico disciplinare: GEO/04 SPELEOGENESIS AND SECONDARY CAVE MINERALS IN QUARTZ‐SANDSTONE AND QUARTZITE ENVIRONMENT Presentata da: Francesco Sauro Coordinatore Dottorato Relatore Prof. Roberto Barbieri Prof. Jo De Waele Correlatore Prof. Leonardo Piccini Esame finale anno 2014 ... and the moon appeared as on a dead world of sole geology. You really had up there, the sense of the earth and rock as living bodies ... Seemed to be dreaming in terms of mineral. ... e apparve la luna come su un mondo morto di sola geologia. Si aveva veramente lassù, il senso della terra e della roccia come corpi viventi... Pareva di sognare in termini di minerale. Alfonso Vinci, Auyan Tepui, 1949 SPELEOGENESIS AND SECONDARY CAVE MINERALS IN QUARTZ-SANDSTONE AND QUARTZITE ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT 9 RIASSUNTO 11 1. INTRODUCTION 13 1.1 Quartzite caves: beyond the quartz insolubility paradox 13 1.2 The mechanisms of quartz and silica weathering 14 1.2.1 Forms of quartz and silica 14 1.2.2 Characteristics of the silica-water system 14 1.2.3 Influence of inorganic and organic cations 16 1.2.4 Influence of organic compounds and microbial activity 17 1.3 Quartzite and quartz-sandstone weathering 18 1.3.1 Orthoquartzite and Metaquartzite 18 1.3.2 Quartz weathering landscapes and caves of the World 19 1.3.3 The Gran Sabana: the World’s finest epigenic quartzite Karst 22 1.3.4 Corona Sa Craba: an example of hypogenic speleogenesis in quartzites 23 1.4 Objectives and outline of the thesis 26 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Gran Sabana/Venezuela)
    Matthias Lewy* Different “seeing” – similar “hearing”. Ritual and sound among the Pemón (Gran Sabana/Venezuela) Abstract: This paper discusses the theory of “perspectivism” (Viveiros de Castro) and its application to interpretation of the myths of the Pemón-speaking groups of the Gran Sabana (Arekuna, Kamarakoto, Taurepán); the paper aims to compare ontological conceptions of “seeing” and “hearing”. Performances of the shamanic healing ritual, the hunting ritual (parishara), and recent orekotón rituals (areruya, cho’chiman) serve as examples for understanding “hearing” and related practices of sound production (speech, singing, imitation of animal sounds, etc.). Whereas the particular representations of yaukarü (spirit/ Arekuna) or yekatón (spirit/ Taurepán, Kamarakoto), such as enek (animal), pemón (human being), and mawarí (spirit of the tepuy), illustrate different concepts of “seeing”, the use of the same communicative devices consisting of intelligible (speech, singing) and/ or unintelligible sound structures demonstrates the possibilities of communicative interaction between these representations. Along with my own material, contemporary indigenous discourses concerning Koch-Grünberg’s recordings from 1911 will be presented in an attempt to (re-) construct, or rather (re-)interpret, the healing ritual and the parishara and orekotón performances. Keywords: Perspectivism, ritual, sound, Pemón, Venezuela, 20th to 21st centuries. Resumen: En este artículo se hace referencia a la teoría del “perspectivismo” (Viveiros de Castro) y su aplicación en la interpretación de los mitos de los hablan- tes de pemón de la Gran Sabana (arekuna, kamarakoto, taurepán) con el propósito de comparar las concepciones ontológicas de “ver” y “escuchar”. Las representaciones del rito de curación chamánica, el rito de la caza (parishara) * Matthias Lewy studied anthropology and ethnomusicology at the Freie Universität Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Guiana Shield
    THIRTEEN The Guiana Shield NATHAN K. LUJAN and JONATHAN W. ARMBRUSTER Highland areas that serve as sources and boundaries for the a superfamily sister to all other Siluriformes, and their bio- great rivers of South America can be broadly divided into two geographic tractability due to distributions across headwater categories based on their geologic age and origin. As reviewed habitats and associated allopatric distribution patterns among elsewhere in this volume (Chapters 15 and 16), the allochtho- sister taxa. We conclude that the diverse loricariid fauna of the nous terrains and massive crustal deformations of the Andes Guiana Shield accumulated gradually over tens of millions of Mountains that comprise the extremely high-elevation west- years with major lineages being shaped by geologic evolution ern margin of South America have their origins in diastrophic across the whole continent, and not as the result of a rapid, (distortional) tectonic activity largely limited to the Late Paleo- geographically restricted adaptive radiation. We demonstrate gene and Neogene (<25 Ma; Gregory-Wodzicki 2000). In con- the role of the Guiana and Brazilian shields as ancient reser- trast, vast upland regions across much of the interior of the voirs of high-gradient lotic habitats infl uencing the origin of continent have been relatively tectonically quiescent since the frequently rheophilic loricariid taxa. We also show how diver- Proterozoic (>550 Ma; Gibbs and Baron 1993) and exhibit a sifi cation was infl uenced by a restricted number of landscape topography that is instead largely the result of nondeforma- scale features: especially dispersal and vicariance across several tional, epeirogenic uplift of the Guiana and Brazilian shields geologically persistent corridors, expansion and contraction of and subsequent erosion of overlying sedimentary formations.
    [Show full text]
  • KARST in SILICEOUS ROCKS KARST LANDFORMS and CAVES in the Auyan-TEPUI MASSIF (EST
    41 Int. J. Speleol. 24 (phys.), 1-4(1995): 41-54 KARST IN SILICEOUS ROCKS KARST LANDFORMS AND CAVES IN THE AUyAN-TEPUI MASSIF (EST. BOLIVAR, VENEZUELA) Leonardo Piccini • ABSTRACT During the expedition "Tepuy 93". six caves were explored in the precambrian quartzites. of Roraima Group, in the Auyan-tepui massif. One of this caves reaches the depth of 370 m and a development of almost 3 km; it's name is "Sima Auyan-tepui Noroeste" and it is currently the deepest cave in the world discovered in siliceous rocks. The geological and morphological study of this cave has underlined again the importance of deep solutional weathering, along the network of fractures, for the fortnation of caves in siliceous rocks. The different formation stages of the big superficial shafts called "simas" were observed in some vertical collapse eaves explored during the expedition, while galleries with phreatic fonns were observed in the deep network of caves. All these deep forms involve karst proce"es of solution at leasl in the initial stage. RIASSUNTO (II carsismo nelle rocce silicee-Forme carsiche e grotte nel Massiccio Auyan-Tepuy (Est. Bolivar, Venezuela) Durante la spedizione "Tepuy 93", organizzata dalla Sociela Speleologica Italiana e dalla Sociedad Venezolana de EspeIeologia, sono state esplorate sci nuove grandi grotte sviluppate nelle quarziti precambriane del Gruppo Roraima ehe fonnano ilmassiccio dell'Auyan-tepui. Una di queste raggiunge la notevole pro fondita di 370 m con uno sviluppo spaziale di quasi 3 km; questo sistema, denominato "Sima Auyan-tepui Noroeste", e attualmente la piiJ profonda grotta del mondo esplorata in rocce a composizione prevalentemente silicea.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tour of the Venezuelan Gran Sabana and Some of Its Tepuis by Andy Smith [email protected]
    SPECIAL ISSUE 2 Special edition Special Issue 2 - April 2010 A tour of the Venezuelan Gran Publication reserved to AIPC members Edited by AIPC - Associazione Italiana Piante Carnivore Sabana and some of its Tepuis www.aipcnet.it by Andy Smith Special Issue N° 2 Issued by AIPC Summary Editorial (Associazione Italiana Piante Carnivore) Special Edition the Editorial Group A tour of the Venezuelan Gran Sabana and some of ear readers, AIPC is pleased to present this Special Issue President D Graziella Antonello its Tepuis n° 2, which belongs to the series, available on CD, speci- [email protected] by Andy Smith fically addressed to the English-speaking friends of the As- Vicepresident sociation. Andrea Boldori [email protected] 5 A tour of the Venezuelan Gran Sabana and some of its Tepui This issue is completely devoted to a field trip report writ- Secretary ten expressly for our journal by our friend Andy Smith; it Andrea Scaccabarozzi 8 The Gran Sabana [email protected] has been published in a slightly reduced version in the Ita- 18 Amurí Tepui lian printed magazine, whereas it is here presented in its Treasurer entirety and enriched with many more photos. Luigi Tartaglia [email protected] 38 Kavac and Yunek 47 Auyan Tepui The experience it reports represents a dream for every CP Editor Gruppo Editoriale lover, and it is hard just to read this story without flying [email protected] 54 Ptari Tepui with the fantasy to those wonderful places, or without at least feeling a little empathy with the group of explorers, Editor in chief 67 Roraima Tepui Cristina De Rossi so enthusiastic and passionate to face any problem with a smile, regardless of any fatigue or hardship.
    [Show full text]
  • Avian Range Extensions from the Southern Headwaters of the Río Caroní, Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela
    Cotinga31-090608:Cotinga 6/8/2009 2:38 PM Page 5 Cotinga 31 Avian range extensions from the southern headwaters of the río Caroní, Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela Anthony Crease Received 7 December 2005; final revision accepted 25 December 2008 first published online 4 March 2009 Cotinga 31 (2009): 5–19 Este artículo se refiere a mis observaciones de aves durante más de ocho años de residencia en la región de las cabeceras sureñas del río Caroní en la parte sur de la Gran Sabana, en el Estado Bolívar de Venezuela. Para 145 especies, presento nuevos registros que están significativamente distantes de los publicados o fuera de los rangos altitudinales establecidos para Venezuela al sur del Orinoco. La gran cantidad de observaciones ha sido resumida en una tabla para proveer información sobre la magnitud de las extensiones aparentes dentro de Venezuela, una indicación aproximada de la abundancia y distribución detallada dentro del área de estudio y sus diferentes tipos de hábitat. Se proveen descripciones más completas, incluyendo detalles de distribución en zonas circundantes, para algunas especies seleccionadas, para las cuales la distancia a los registros establecidos son mayores o donde existe evidencia respecto a movimientos estaciónales. Las especies tratadas incluyen Poecilotriccus fumifrons, conocida previamente en Venezuela de un solo espécimen colectado en el extremo sur del país en 1992. The Gran Sabana in south- east Venezuela, in itating the arrival of lowland savanna species from Bolívar state, comprises a remnant of a band of Roraima state in Brazil. elevated savannas that once separated the The study area (Fig. 1), a strip of land c.80 km Amazonian and Guianan lowlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Flyover Angel Falls Adventure Venezuela
    Flyover Angel Falls Adventure Venezuela Angel Falls is the tallest waterfall on Earth. At 979 m in height (nearly a vertical kilometre high), this immense cascade is twice the height of the Empire State building and fifteen times the height of Niagara Falls - it is one of the great natural spectacles of our world. Seeing Angel Falls from a light aircraft is an unforgettable experience, and the possibility to capture spectacular photographs of this beautiful waterfall. We organise flyover tripson a bespoke private tour basis to fit your dates. We particularly recommend undertaking a flyover of Angel Falls before or after our helicopter or trekking expeditions to Mount Roraima, or our canoe trips to Angel Falls, as flying above this gigantic cascade really gives a full impression of the size of the Falls, and the dramatic scale of the Tepuis. While we recommend starting and finishing this expedition in Puerto Ordaz, we can arrange to meet you in Santa Elena, Caracas or any other city in Venezuela. Or in Boa Vista or Manaus in Brazil. Note: if you are undertaking our canoe trip to Angel Falls (either as a bespoke tour or as part of our one our other trips), we can often build in a flyover above Angel Falls very economically, either make use of the planned flight to/from Canaima Village. Please email us for details. START POINT: Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela END POINT: Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela BESPOKE TOUR: We organise this trip as a private trip to fit your dates and suit your interests. Please email us for details and a quote.
    [Show full text]
  • Lista Dendrológica De Los Bosques Montanos
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Saber UCV - Catálogo de Revistas Electrónicas (Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Central de Venezuela) ACTA BOT. VENEZ. 32 (1): 79-111. 2009 79 LISTADENDROLÓGICADE LOS BOSQUES MONTANOS DE LAESCALERA, SIERRADE LEMA, ESTADO BOLÍVAR, VENEZUELA Dendrological list of montane forests of La Escalera, Sierra de Lema, Bolivar State, Venezuela Elio SANOJA Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, UNEG, Puerto Ordaz Herbario Regional de Guayana GUYN. FJBO, Ciudad Bolívar. Estado Bolívar [email protected] RESUMEN Se presenta una lista de 239 morfoespecies arbóreas de los bosques montanos de La Escalera, Sierra de Lema, estado Bolívar, entre 1000-1530 m snm, incluyendo algunos nom- bres pemón-arekuna. El análisis florístico preliminar muestra que la familia con mayor nú- mero de taxones es Lauraceae (23) mientras que las leguminosas (14) son relativamente esca- sas. En esta laurisilva se ha encontrado un nuevo reporte para Venezuela,seis especies nuevas para la ciencia y alto endemismo local (13,7%), pero la falta de información florística en otros bosques montanos del Macizo Guayanés no permite adelantar comparaciones. Palabras clave: Árboles, endemismo, La Escalera, laurisilvas, Macizo Guayanés, pemón- arekuna, Sierra de Lema ABSTRACT A check-list of 239 tree morphospecies collected in the montane forests of La Es- calera, Sierra de Lema (Bolívar State) between 1000-1530 m asl, and some Pemon-Arekuna names are given. Floristic analysis reveals a remarkable richness of Lauraceae (23) but a rela- tive scarcity of legumes (14). So far, a new record for Venezuela, six new species for science, together with a high level of local endemism (13,7%), have been found in these laurel forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Valuing Nature: Why Venezuela’S Protected Areas Matter for Economic and Human Wellbeing
    Valuing Nature: Why Venezuela’s Protected Areas Matter for Economic and Human Wellbeing INVESTING IN NATURE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT KEY FACTS AND FIGURES Human wellbeing across the globe depends intimately on the state of • Protected areas underpin the human and natural ecosystems, and any threat to nature runs the risk of imposing economic wellbeing of more than 28 million untenable economic costs to almost every sector and social group. Venezuelans. Far from being a luxury that governments and the international community • There are more than 20 million hectares of cannot afford, nature conservation is something that they cannot afford forest land in protected areas available for not to invest in. It is absolutely fundamental to sustaining human climate mitigation, potentially storing carbon development, now and in the future. which would save global climate change damage costs of up to $28 billion. Unfortunately, nature is rarely appreciated as a productive economic asset which is a valuable public good and therefore requires high public • At the national level protected areas protect investment. The flows of funds and other resources which are allocated to the source of 530 thousand liters of water a conservation remain pitifully low. In many cases they are actually declining. second, serving 83% of the population, saving municipalities and industries hundreds of In collaboration with key partners, the Nature Conservancy has conducted millions of dollars on avoided siltation and a study which compiles information about how natural protected areas in sedimentation, and generating energy worth Venezuela generate extremely valuable goods and services for the benefit of $12.5 billion a year.
    [Show full text]