DOCSLIB.ORG

The Evolutionary History of the Cellophane Bee Genus Colletes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146 (2020) 106750 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev The evolutionary history of the cellophane bee genus Colletes Latreille T (Hymenoptera: Colletidae): Molecular phylogeny, biogeography and implications for a global infrageneric classification ⁎ Rafael R. Ferraria, , Thomas M. Onuferkoa,b, Spencer K. Moncktona, Laurence Packera a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada b The Beaty Centre for Species Discovery, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Colletes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) is a diverse genus with 518 valid species distributed in all biogeo- Apoidea graphic realms, except Australasia and Antarctica. Here we provide a comprehensive dated phylogeny for Colletinae Colletes based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood-based analyses of DNA sequence data of six loci: 28S rDNA, Dated phylogeny cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, elongation factor-1α copy F2, long-wavelength rhodopsin, RNA polymerase II Geodispersal and wingless. In total, our multilocus matrix consists of 4824 aligned base pairs for 143 species, including 112 Historical biogeography Colletes species plus 31 outgroups (one stenotritid and a diverse array of colletids representing all subfamilies). Systematics Overall, analyses of each of the six single-locus datasets resulted in poorly resolved consensus trees with con- flicting phylogenetic signal. However, our analyses of the multilocus matrix provided strong support forthe monophyly of Colletes and show that it can be subdivided into five major clades. The implications of our phy- logenetic results for future attempts at infrageneric classification for the Colletes of the world are discussed. We propose species groups for the Neotropical species of Colletes, the only major biogeographic realm for which no species groups have been proposed to date. Our dating analysis indicated that Colletes diverged from its sister taxon, Hemicotelles Toro and Cabezas, in the early Oligocene and that its extant lineages began diversifying only in the late Oligocene. According to our biogeographic reconstruction, Colletes originated in the Neotropics (most likely within South America) and then spread to the Nearctic very early in its evolutionary history. Geodispersal to the Old World occurred soon after colonization of the Northern Hemisphere. Lastly, the historical biogeo- graphy of Colletes is analyzed in light of available geological and palaeoenvironmental data. 1. Introduction Kuhlmann et al., 2009; Bystriakova et al., 2018; Ascher and Pickering, 2019). A recent analysis of the environmental factors determining the With 518 valid described species, the cellophane bee genus Colletes global distribution of Colletinae demonstrated that their highest species Latreille (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) is the seventh-most diverse of all richness is in the semi-arid regions located at middle latitudes bee genera and second among colletids, after Hylaeus Fabricius (Ascher (Bystriakova et al., 2018). Contrary to Colletes, the other genera of and Pickering, 2019). The actual species richness of Colletes, however, Colletinae—Hemicotelles Toro and Cabezas (2 spp.), Mourecotelles Toro has been estimated to be closer to 700 (Kuhlmann et al., 2009). The and Cabezas (12 spp.) and Xanthocotelles Toro and Cabezas (11 genus has received a significant amount of taxonomic attention over the spp.)—are all confined to South America, most of them to thesub- past decade resulting in a large number of new species (> 70 spp.) tropical and temperate portions of Chile and Argentina (Moure et al., being described (Kuhlmann, 2014a,b; Kuhlmann and Proshchalykin, 2007, 2012). It is important to emphasize that the generic classification 2011, 2013, 2014a, 2015, 2016; Kuhlmann and Pauly, 2013; of Colletinae is controversial, with the number of genera accepted Proshchalykin and Kuhlmann, 2015; Niu et al., 2013a, b, 2014; Ferrari varying from two to six among authors (Toro and Cabezas, 1977, 1978; and Silveira, 2015; Hall et al., 2016; Balboa et al., 2017; Ferrari, 2017, Michener, 1989, 2007; Moure and Urban, 2002; Moure et al., 2007, 2019). Unlike most colletid genera, which have a comparatively re- 2012; Ascher and Pickering, 2019). stricted geographic distribution, Colletes is found in all biogeographic Colletes are typically robust, mid-sized (8–15 mm) bees with rela- realms except Australasia and Antarctica (Michener, 1989, 2007; tively dense pubescence compared to most other colletids (Michener, ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (R.R. Ferrari). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106750 Received 20 September 2019; Received in revised form 27 January 2020; Accepted 28 January 2020 Available online 03 February 2020 1055-7903/ © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. R.R. Ferrari, et al. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146 (2020) 106750 1989, 2007). Morphological synapomorphies supporting the mono- this with the following objectives: (i) to determine the little known phyly of the genus include the form of the subhorizontal surface of the relationships among the NW lineages of Colletes and thus provide a metapostnotum which has a series of longitudinal carinae or sinuous basis for future systematic studies; (ii) to assess the validity of the striae in both sexes (unique within Colletinae), forewings with a sig- currently available subgenera from the OW; and (iii) to reconstruct a moidal second recurrent vein in both sexes (unique among all bees), biogeographic scenario that explains the current distribution of the and T1 subequal in length to T2 in males (unique within Colletinae). genus around the globe in light of geological and palaeoenvironmental Colletes is also monophyletic according to maximum parsimony data. (Kuhlmann et al., 2009) and Bayesian (Almeida and Danforth, 2009; Almeida et al., 2012, 2019) analyses of DNA sequence data; the former 2. Material and methods publication provided the most comprehensive phylogeny for Colletes so far (91 spp.; Kuhlmann et al., 2009) based on two genes (28S rDNA and 2.1. Taxon sampling and specimens studied cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1). With the exception of the subgenus Ptilopoda Friese, which was The subfamilial classification of Colletidae adopted herein follows proposed for an unusual species (C. maculipennis Friese [= C. spilopterus Almeida et al. (2019), in which Paracolletes Smith is a member of Di- Cockerell]) with spotted wings from Central America (Friese, 1921), no phaglossinae, Callomelitta Smith is in its own subfamily, and the other infrageneric classification for Neotropical Colletes has been suggested genera traditionally classified in Paracolletinae (e.g. Michener, 2007, as (Michener, 2007; Kuhlmann et al., 2009). All subgroups proposed Paracolletini) are considered to belong to Neopasiphaeinae. Our taxon within the genus so far—the species groups defined by Noskiewicz, sampling comprises 143 species, 31 of which were sampled as out- Stephen and Kuhlmann as well as all other subgenera (Albocolletes groups and 112 are Colletes (Table S1). Among the outgroups, 22 spe- Warncke, Denticolletes Noskiewicz, Elecolletes Warncke, Nanocolletes cies were chosen to represent the diversity within all colletid sub- Warncke, Pachycolletes Bischoff, Rhinocolletes Cockerell and Simcolletes families based on previous phylogenetic analyses (Magnacca and Warncke)—cover exclusively the Nearctic and/or Old World (OW) Danforth, 2006; Packer, 2008; Almeida and Danforth, 2009; Almeida faunas (Noskiewicz, 1936; Stephen, 1954; Stoeckhert, 1954; Warncke, et al., 2012, 2019). They belong to the following subfamilies: Callo- 1978; Kuhlmann, 2014). All subgenera were subsequently ignored with melittinae (1 sp.), Diphaglossinae (3 spp.), Euryglossinae (3 spp.), Hy- the justification that they had been described for either a single unusual laeinae (4 spp.), Neopasiphaeinae (5 spp.), Scrapterinae (2 spp.) and species (Denticolletes, Ptilopoda and Rhinocolletes) or for artificial groups Xeromelissinae (4 spp.). We also sampled eight species of the other of rather ordinary species (Pachycolletes and Warncke’s subgenera) with genera of Colletinae – Hemicotelles (1 sp.), Mourecotelles (2 spp.) and a restricted geographic distribution in the western Palaearctic Xanthocotelles (5 spp.) – the closest relatives of Colletes (Michener, 1989, (Michener, 1989, 2007). More recently, Kuhlmann et al. (2009) re- 2007; Kuhlmann et al., 2009). The generic classification of Colletinae assessed the status of the available subgenera from the OW and pro- follows Toro and Cabezas (1977, 1978), in which Hemicotelles and posed an updated infrageneric classification for the lineages found Xanthocotelles are recognized as genera (as opposed to subgenera of there, based on their phylogenetic results. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic Mourecotelles; as in Michener, 2007) and Rhynchocolletes Moure is a relationships among the New World (NW) lineages of Colletes remain junior synonym of Colletes (rather than a senior synonym of Mour- poorly understood. The Neotropical Colletes in particular have histori- ecotelles; as in Moure et al., 2007, 2012). Finally, one stenotritid (Ste- cally received much less taxonomic attention compared to those from notritus sp.) was sampled to root the trees given that Stenotridae is the the other biogeographic realms (Michener, 2007: 169). However,
Recommended publications
  • Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)

    Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)

    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Mi Bee Lab 9-21-1990 Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera) Charles D. Michener University of Kansas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_mi Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Michener, Charles D., "Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)" (1990). Mi. Paper 153. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_mi/153 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Bee Lab at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 4 WWvyvlrWryrXvW-WvWrW^^ I • • •_ ••^«_«).•>.• •.*.« THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCIENC5;^ULLETIN LIBRARY Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 75-164 Sept. 21,1990 OCT 23 1990 HARVARD Classification of the Apidae^ (Hymenoptera) BY Charles D. Michener'^ Appendix: Trigona genalis Friese, a Hitherto Unplaced New Guinea Species BY Charles D. Michener and Shoichi F. Sakagami'^ CONTENTS Abstract 76 Introduction 76 Terminology and Materials 77 Analysis of Relationships among Apid Subfamilies 79 Key to the Subfamilies of Apidae 84 Subfamily Meliponinae 84 Description, 84; Larva, 85; Nest, 85; Social Behavior, 85; Distribution, 85 Relationships among Meliponine Genera 85 History, 85; Analysis, 86; Biogeography, 96; Behavior, 97; Labial palpi, 99; Wing venation, 99; Male genitalia, 102; Poison glands, 103; Chromosome numbers, 103; Convergence, 104; Classificatory questions, 104 Fossil Meliponinae 105 Meliponorytes,
  • Iconic Bees: 12 Reports on UK Bee Species

    Iconic Bees: 12 Reports on UK Bee Species

    Iconic Bees: 12 reports on UK bee species Bees are vital to the ecology of the UK and provide significant social and economic benefits through crop pollination and maintaining the character of the landscape. Recent years have seen substantial declines in many species of bees within the UK. This report takes a closer look at how 12 ‘iconic’ bee species are faring in each English region, as well as Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. Authors Rebecca L. Evans and Simon G. Potts, University of Reading. Photo: © Amelia Collins Contents 1 Summary 2 East England Sea-aster Mining Bee 6 East Midlands Large Garden Bumblebee 10 London Buff-tailed Bumblebee 14 North East Bilberry Bumblebee 18 North West Wall Mason Bee 22 Northern Ireland Northern Colletes 26 Scotland Great Yellow Bumblebee 30 South East England Potter Flower Bee 34 South West England Scabious Bee 38 Wales Large Mason Bee 42 West Midlands Long-horned Bee 46 Yorkshire Tormentil Mining Bee Through collating information on the 12 iconic bee species, common themes have Summary emerged on the causes of decline, and the actions that can be taken to help reverse it. The most pervasive causes of bee species decline are to be found in the way our countryside has changed in the past 60 years. Intensification of grazing regimes, an increase in pesticide use, loss of biodiverse field margins and hedgerows, the trend towards sterile monoculture, insensitive development and the sprawl of towns and cities are the main factors in this. I agree with the need for a comprehensive Bee Action Plan led by the UK Government in order to counteract these causes of decline, as called for by Friends of the Earth.
  • Mating Cluster Behaviour in the Solitary Bee Colletes Succinctus

    Mating Cluster Behaviour in the Solitary Bee Colletes Succinctus

    To confirm species identification a small sample was Mating cluster behaviour in the collected in 2006 when the population reappeared. The identity was established from a male specimen whose solitary bee Colletes succinctus morphological characters, including features in the (Linn.), Hymenoptera, Colletidae genitalia, match those of Colletes succinctus , the girdled Colletes (Saunders, 1896; Step, 1946). This is 1 1 a common species on heaths and commons and usually Pauline Lang , E. Geoffrey Hancock , Kevin forages on heather. 1 2 J. Murphy & Robert L. Watt 1Division of Environmental Biology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QQ 2Bogendreip Farm, Strachan, Banchory, Kincardineshire, Scotland AB31 6LP In August 2005, during a botanical freshwater survey of the Water of Dye, a tributary of the River Dee at the Bridge of Bogendreip, Kincardineshire (NGR: NO 662910), our attention was drawn to the behaviour of a population of solitary bees. These bees were occupying plots of soil in the garden of Bogendreip Farm (Fig 1). Only in the last few years had Mr. Watt Fig. 2. Mating cluster in Colletes succinctus. observed the bees and not previously, in his more than fifty years of farm occupancy. The bees were A related species, Colletes hederae (Schmidt & subsequently identified as Colletes succinctus (Linn.). Westrich), the ivy bee, has been observed to form small knots of males when competing for females. A The bees had colonized extensive areas of sandy soils coloured photograph of a small group is shown in adjacent to the farmhouse, in which hundreds of Moenen (2005). Other species of the genus also individual nests formed two main “villages” with exhibit mating clusters.
  • Scottish Bees

    Scottish Bees

    Scottish Bees Introduction to bees Bees are fascinating insects that can be found in a broad range of habitats from urban gardens to grasslands and wetlands. There are over 270 species of bee in the UK in 6 families - 115 of these have been recorded in Scotland, with 4 species now thought to be extinct and insufficient data available for another 2 species. Bees are very diverse, varying in size, tongue-length and flower preference. In the UK we have 1 species of honey bee, 24 species of bumblebee and the rest are solitary bees. They fulfil an essential ecological and environmental role as one of the most significant groups of pollinating insects, all of which we depend upon for the pollination of 80% of our wild and cultivated plants. Some flowers are in fact designed specifically for bee pollination, to the exclusion of generalist pollinators. Bees and their relatives Bees are classified in the complex insect order Hymenoptera (meaning membrane-winged), which also includes many kinds of parasitic wasps, gall wasps, hunting wasps, ants and sawflies. There are about 150,000 species of Hymenoptera known worldwide separated into two sub-orders. The first is the most primitive sub-order Symphyta which includes the sawflies and their relatives, lacking a wasp-waist and generally with free-living caterpillar-like larvae. The second is the sub-order Apocrita, which includes the ants, bees and wasps which are ’wasp-waisted’ and have grub-like larvae that develop within hosts, galls or nests. The sub-order Apocrita is in turn divided into two sections, the Parasitica and Aculeata.
  • Pollination Requirements and the Foraging Behavior of Potential Pollinators of Cultivated Brazil Nut (Bertholletia Excelsa Bonpl.) Trees in Central Amazon Rainforest

    Pollination Requirements and the Foraging Behavior of Potential Pollinators of Cultivated Brazil Nut (Bertholletia Excelsa Bonpl.) Trees in Central Amazon Rainforest

    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2012, Article ID 978019, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2012/978019 Research Article Pollination Requirements and the Foraging Behavior of Potential Pollinators of Cultivated Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) Trees in Central Amazon Rainforest M. C. Cavalcante,1 F. F. Oliveira, 2 M. M. Maues,´ 3 and B. M. Freitas1 1 Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceara´ (UFC), Avenida Mister Hull 2977, Campus do Pici, CEP 60021-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil 2 Department of Zoology, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barao˜ de Geremoabo 147, Campus de Ondina, CEP 40170-290, Salvador, BA, Brazil 3 Entomology Laboratory, Embrapa Amazoniaˆ Oriental (CPATU), Travavessa Dr. En´eas Pinheiro s/n, CEP 66095-100, Bel´em, PA, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to B. M. Freitas, [email protected] Received 5 December 2011; Revised 7 March 2012; Accepted 25 March 2012 Academic Editor: Tugrul Giray Copyright © 2012 M. C. Cavalcante et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This study was carried out with cultivated Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl., Lecythidaceae) in the Central Amazon rainforest, Brazil, aiming to learn about its pollination requirements, to know the floral visitors of Brazil nut flowers, to investigate their foraging behavior and to determine the main floral visitors of this plant species in commercial plantations. Results showed that B. excelsa is predominantly allogamous, but capable of setting fruits by geitonogamy. Nineteen bee species, belonging to two families, visited and collected nectar and/or pollen throughout the day, although the number of bees decreases steeply after 1000 HR.
  • Tracking Plant Phenology and Pollinator Diversity Across Alaskan National Parks a Pilot Study

    Tracking Plant Phenology and Pollinator Diversity Across Alaskan National Parks a Pilot Study

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Tracking Plant Phenology and Pollinator Diversity Across Alaskan National Parks A Pilot Study Natural Resource Report NPS/AKRO/NRR—2021/2291 ON THE COVER Clockwise from top left: A. Mocorro Powell collecting pollinators in Denali NPP; long-horned beetle on common yarrow; K. Fuentes scoring phenophases on common yarrow in Klondike Gold Rush NHP; bumble bee on fireweed NPS/Jessica Rykken Tracking Plant Phenology and Pollinator Diversity Across Alaskan National Parks A Pilot Study Natural Resource Report NPS/AKRO/NRR—2021/2291 Jessica J. Rykken National Park Service Denali National Park and Preserve PO Box 9 Denali Park, AK 99755 August 2021 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
  • Bees and Wasps of the East Sussex South Downs

    Bees and Wasps of the East Sussex South Downs

    A SURVEY OF THE BEES AND WASPS OF FIFTEEN CHALK GRASSLAND AND CHALK HEATH SITES WITHIN THE EAST SUSSEX SOUTH DOWNS Steven Falk, 2011 A SURVEY OF THE BEES AND WASPS OF FIFTEEN CHALK GRASSLAND AND CHALK HEATH SITES WITHIN THE EAST SUSSEX SOUTH DOWNS Steven Falk, 2011 Abstract For six years between 2003 and 2008, over 100 site visits were made to fifteen chalk grassland and chalk heath sites within the South Downs of Vice-county 14 (East Sussex). This produced a list of 227 bee and wasp species and revealed the comparative frequency of different species, the comparative richness of different sites and provided a basic insight into how many of the species interact with the South Downs at a site and landscape level. The study revealed that, in addition to the character of the semi-natural grasslands present, the bee and wasp fauna is also influenced by the more intensively-managed agricultural landscapes of the Downs, with many species taking advantage of blossoming hedge shrubs, flowery fallow fields, flowery arable field margins, flowering crops such as Rape, plus plants such as buttercups, thistles and dandelions within relatively improved pasture. Some very rare species were encountered, notably the bee Halictus eurygnathus Blüthgen which had not been seen in Britain since 1946. This was eventually recorded at seven sites and was associated with an abundance of Greater Knapweed. The very rare bees Anthophora retusa (Linnaeus) and Andrena niveata Friese were also observed foraging on several dates during their flight periods, providing a better insight into their ecology and conservation requirements.
  • YSF 2020-PROGRAMME-1.Pdf

    YSF 2020-PROGRAMME-1.Pdf

    YOUNG SYSTEMATISTS' FORUM Day 1 Monday 23rd November 2020, Zoom [all timings are GMT+0] 11.50 Opening remarks David Williams, President of the Systematics Association 12.00 Rodrigo Vargas Pêgas Species Concepts and the Anagenetic Process Importance on Evolutionary History 12.15 Katherine Odanaka Insights into the phylogeny and biogeography of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Nomada 12.30 Minette Havenga Association among global populations of the Eucalyptus foliar pathogen Teratosphaeria destructans 12.45 David A. Velasquez-Trujillo Phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Holcosus COPE 1862 (Squamata: Teiidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence 13.00 Break 10 minutes 13.10 Arsham Nejad Kourki The Ediacaran Dickinsonia is a stem-eumetazoan 13.25 Flávia F.Petean The role of the American continent on the diversification of the stingrays’ genus Hypanus Rafinesque, 1818 (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) 13.40 Peter M.Schächinger Discovering species diversity in Antarctic marine slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) 13.55 Alison Irwin Eight new mitogenomes clarify the phylogenetic relationships of Stromboidea within the gastropod phylogenetic framework 14.10 Break 20 minutes 14.30 Érica Martinha Silva de The lineages of foliage-roosting fruit bat Uroderma spp. (Chiroptera: Souza Phyllostomidae 14.45 Melissa Betters Rethinking Informative Traits: Environmental Influence on Shell Morphology in Deep-Sea Gastropods 15.00 J. Renato Morales-Mérida- New lineages of Holcosus undulatus (Squamata: Teiidae) in Guatemala 15.15 Roberto
  • Evolution of the Pheromone Communication in the European Beewolf Philanthus Triangulum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)

    Evolution of the Pheromone Communication in the European Beewolf Philanthus Triangulum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)

    3 Evolution of the Pheromone Communication System in the European Beewolf Philanthus triangulum F. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Gudrun Herzner aus Nürnberg Würzburg 2004 4 Evolution of the Pheromone Communication System in the European Beewolf Philanthus triangulum F. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Gudrun Herzner aus Nürnberg Würzburg 2004 5 Eingereicht am………………………………………………………………………………….. Mitglieder der Promotionskommission: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Scheer Gutachter: Prof. Dr. K. Eduard Linsenmair Gutachter: PD Dr. Jürgen Gadau Tag des Promotionskolloquiums:……………………………………………………………….. Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am:………………………………………………………………. 6 CONTENTS PUBLIKATIONSLISTE.................................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 1: General Introduction ......................................................................................... 7 1.1 The asymmetry of sexual selection .................................................................................. 7 1.2 The classical sexual selection models .............................................................................. 8 1.3 Choice for genetic compatibility.....................................................................................
  • The Type Material of Swedish Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) I

    The Type Material of Swedish Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) I

    Ent. Tidskr. 128 (2007) Type material of Swedish bees The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) I. L. ANDERS NILSSON Nilsson, L.A.: The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) I. [Typmaterial av svenska bin (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) I.] – Entomologisk Tidskrift 128 (4): 167-181. Uppsala, Sweden 2007. ISSN 0013-886x. Sweden with Carl von Linné is the cradle of Systematics and therefore also the origin of a disproportionate part of the taxonomic type material. Bees are no exception. This report is the first part of an examination, including taxonomic revision, of the actual, re- puted or potential bee type material of Swedish origin. Focus is on the status, type locality, present condition, depository and history. Here, a total of 20 original specific taxa have been studied. Lectotypes are designated for 13 whereby it is stated that seven epithets are valid (bold), viz. Andrena cincta Nylander 1848, A. clypearis Nylander 1848, A. subopaca Nylander 1848, Coelioxys temporalis Nylander 1848, Colletes suecica Aurivillius 1903, Halictus sexnotatulus Nylander 1852, Heriades breviuscula Nylander 1848, Kirbya mel- anura Nylander 1852, Megachile apicalis Nylander 1848 which replacement name Mega- chile analis Nylander 1852 has the same type, Nomada cincticornis 1848, N. obtusifrons Nylander 1848, Prosopis armillata Nylander 1848 and Rhophites halictulus Nylander 1852. Especially, Kirbya melanura is found to be a senior synonym of Cilissa wankowiczi Radoszkowski 1891. The valid name of the species is Melitta melanura (Nylander) and its type locality the island of Gotland in the Baltic. L. Anders Nilsson, Department of Plant Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Villavägen 14, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden, E-mail: anders.nilsson@ebc.
  • The Bees of the Genus Colletes (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae) from China

    The Bees of the Genus Colletes (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae) from China

    Zootaxa 3856 (4): 451–483 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.4.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:76364451-1292-4506-893D-90E626657578 The Bees of the Genus Colletes (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae) from China ZE-QING NIU1, CHAO-DONG ZHU1,3 & MICHAEL KUHLMANN2,3 1Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] 3Corresponding author Abstract Available information about the bees of the genus Colletes from China is summarized. Currently, 66 species are recorded from China, of which two species, Colletes linzhiensis sp. nov. and C. spinatus sp. nov., are described as new. Type spec- imens are deposited in the Insect Collection of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Thirteen species are recorded for China for the first time: C. edentuloides Kuhlmann, 2011, C. pauljohni Kuhlmann, 2002, C. tuberculatus Morawitz, 1894, C. annapurnensis Kuhlmann, 2002, C. laevigena Noskiewicz, 1936, C. annejohnae Kuhlmann, 2003, C. eous Morice, 1904, C. squamosus Morawitz, 1879, C. wollmanni Noskiewicz, 1936, C. bhutanicus Kuhlmann, 2003, C. kaszabi Kuhlmann, 2002, C. uralensis Noskiewicz, 1936, and C. dorni Kuhlmann, 2002. The male of C. edentuloides Kuhlmann, 2011 and the female of C.
  • Sources and Frequency of Brood Loss in Solitary Bees

    Sources and Frequency of Brood Loss in Solitary Bees

    Apidologie Original Article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature, 2019 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-019-00663-2 Sources and frequency of brood loss in solitary bees 1 2 Robert L. MINCKLEY , Bryan N. DANFORTH 1Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA 2Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Received4February2019– Revised 17 April 2019 – Accepted 4 June 2019 Abstract – We surveyed the literature for reports of parasites, predators, and other associates of the brood found in the nests of solitary bees. Studies were included in this survey if they reported the contents of all the bee brood cells that they examined. The natural enemies of solitary bees represented in the studies included here were taxonomically diverse. Although a few studies report high loss of solitary bee brood to a species-rich set of natural enemies, most studies report losses of less than 20% to few natural enemies. Brood parasitic bees are the greatest source of mortality for immatures of pollen-collecting solitary bees followed by meloid beetles (Meloidae), beeflies (Bombyliidae), and clerid beetles (Cleridae). Most groups, however, are reported from only a few host species and attack a low proportion of brood cells. Mortality due to unknown causes is also common. The suite of natural enemies that attack ground- and cavity-nesting solitary bees is very different. The cavity-nesting species have higher reported mortality due to unknown causes perhaps related to how nests are manipulated and handled by researchers. brood parasite / predator / cavity-nesting bees / ground-nesting bees / meta-analysis 1.