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Study on Fabrication and Characterization of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites and Nanocomposites

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Study on Fabrication and Characterization of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites and Nanocomposites JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131 STUDY ON FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES AND NANOCOMPOSITES Prof. Pankaj P. Awate1, Prof. Dr. S. B. Barve2 1 Ph.D.Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT WPU Pune, India 2 Prof. Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT WPU Pune, India [email protected] [email protected] Abstract – In today’s competitive world need has been increased towards development of low cost, efficient, lightweight, corrosion resistive, highly reflectivity, tough, conducive materials. Aluminium alloy composites are well known for its better thermal expansion coefficient, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other mechanical properties. Composites are materials which are made up of two or more materials; when combined together it shares some properties of these combined elements. These combinations can be designed to have different properties like stiffness, resistance to impact or use in high temperature Environments. Nanocomposite is emerging as high strength advanced materials for the industrial applications that have potential of satisfying recent demands of advanced engineering applications. In this paper an attempt has been made to provide a brief review on aluminium and its alloy, aluminium matrix composites and nanocomposites, fabrication and characterization technology and to suggest a least expensive method for production of nanocomposites. Keywords— Fabrication, Characterization, Aluminium, Composites, Nanocomposites etc I. INTRODUCTION The application of an advanced material may be the key to revolutionizing a product line and keep pace with accelerated market change and technology developments. The aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are low-weight and high- performance materials that have potential to replace conventional materials in many advanced applications. These materials can provide excellent combination of properties such as high specific strength, high specific stiffness, low density, improved dimensional stability and greater wear resistance. The metal matrix composites have various advantages over other types of composites. Such as high strength, high modulus, high toughness and impact properties, Low sensitivity to changes in temperature or thermal shock, high surface durability and low sensitivity to surface flaws, high electrical conductivity. The Aluminium metal matrix composites are finding widespread applications in engineering, automobile, aircraft, marine, aerospace, and defense and recreation industries etc. Nanocomposite is emerging as high strength advanced materials for the industrial applications that have potential of satisfying recent demands of advanced engineering applications. Nanocomposites are usually added nanoparticles or nanosized structure and fibers to enhance mechanical strength, toughness and electrical or thermal conductivity. The mechanical behaviors of nano-composite with reinforced particles and fibers, such as bending, buckling, vibration, etc., have attracted attention of many researchers around the world. We can expect superior capacities and remarkable enhancement in various properties in nanocomposites, as compared to traditional materials. Here an interest has been focused on the nano structured aluminium metal matrix composites, due to their predominant mechanical properties. An interest has been focused on the nano structured aluminium metal matrix composites, due to their predominant mechanical properties. Here attempt will be made to develope new nano structured aluminium metal matrix nanocomposite (AMMNC) with predominant mechanical, thermal, physical and vibration properties. Volume VI, Issue V, May/2019 Page No:2620 JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131 II. COMPOSITES A material is composite when two or more different materials are combined together to create a superior and unique material. Benefits of Composites are weight savings, Non-corrosive, Non-conductive, Flexible, will not dent, Low maintenance, Long life, Design flexibility etc. Metal matrix composites are made of a continuous metallic matrix and one or more discontinuous reinforcing phases. The reinforcing phase may be in the form of fibers, whiskers or particles. The metal matrix composites have various advantages over other types of composites. Such as high strength, high modulus, high toughness and impact properties, Low sensitivity to changes in temperature or thermal shock, high surface durability and low sensitivity to surface flaws, high electrical conductivity. 1. A. Aluminium Matrix Composites Aluminium material has been most attracted as matrix element in composites due to its special properties such as lower density, higher ductility and high strength to weight ratio. Aluminium matrix composites replaced cast iron and bronze alloys, steel and steel alloys in various sectors resulting in excellent predetermined properties. Composites are classified depending upon 1) matrix and 2) reinforcements. The role of matrix is to hold the fiber or particulate reinforcements in particular orientation as designed and protects from environmental reactions. 2. B. Classification of Composites 1. On the basis of matrix constituent 1.1 Organic Matrix Composites (OMCs) are Organic matrix composites are also known as polymer matrix composites, the polymers used as matrix may be of either thermoset or thermoplastics. Epoxy resins, phenolic olyamide resins and polyester resins are used as thermoset matrix elements. Polyethylene, polyamides nylons and polypropylene are used as thermoplastics matrix elements applications. 1.2 Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) use silicon di-oxide, alumina, glass, ferrites and titanates. These composites have high hot hardness property. They offers high melting point, good corrosion resistance, stability at elevated temperatures up to 1500oC and low coefficient of thermal expansion. 1.3 Carbon Carbon Composites (CCCs) - Carbon and graphite have special place in composite materials as their strength and rigidity can be maintained at temperatures around 2300oC. Carbon Carbon composites retain their properties at room temperature as well as at elevated temperature. Their dimensional stability makes them an obvious choice for aeronautics, military, industry and space applications 2. On the basis of reinforcement constituent 2.1 Fiber Reinforced Composite satisfies the desired properties of composites and transfer strength to matrix constituent. The orientation of the fiber in the matrix determines the strength of the composites and the strength is greater along the longitudinal direction of the fiber. Most commonly used fibers are glass fibers, metal fibers, Alumina fibers, boron fibers, silicon carbide fibers, graphite fibers and multiphase fibers. Composites with non continuous fiber as reinforcements do not have improved mechanical properties as continuous reinforced composites. But their production cost is lower, processing methods are more adaptable to conventional ones and their performance is acceptable. 2.2 Laminar Composites consists of different layers of materials arranged in particular orientation. Clad and sand-which laminates have many areas of applications as it ought to be. Powder metallurgical process such as roll bonding, hot pressing and diffusion bonding can be employed for the fabrication of different laminated composites. 2.3 Particulate Composites are composites in which particles of one phase strewn into the other, which is visible through microscope in metal and ceramic matrix composites. The size of the dispersed particles is of the order of few microns and their volume concentration varies as per the strength requirements. These dispersions strengthen the material matrix by arresting the motion of dislocations and hence enhancing the forces requiring for fracture. III. NANOCOMPOSITE Nanocomposite is multiphase solid material with its one dimension, two dimensions or three dimension less than 100 nanometer or phases having a nanoscale repeat distance that makes up the material. Nanocomposites are usually added nanoparticles and fibers to enhance mechanical strength, toughness and electrical or thermal conductivity. The mechanical behaviors of nano-composite with reinforced particles and fibers, such as bending, buckling, vibration, etc., have attracted attention of many researchers around the world. Aluminium-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with nanoparticles are attractive for many applications attributable to their excellent properties such as light weight, high stiffness and strength, high thermal stability, superior wear resistance. The fundamental component of nanotechnology is the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometres in size and are made up of carbon, metal, metal oxides or organic matter . The nanoparticles exhibit a unique Volume VI, Issue V, May/2019 Page No:2621 JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131 physical, chemical and biological properties at nanoscale compared to their respective particles at higher scales. This phenomena is due to a relatively larger surface area to the volume, increased reactivity or stability in a chemical process, enhanced mechanical strength, etc. These properties of nanoparticles has led to its use various applications. The nanoparticles differs from various dimensions, to shapes and sizes apart from their material. A nanoparticle can be either a zero dimensional where the length, breadth
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