DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Bradford Ethesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Bradford Ethesis University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars – The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team © University of Bradford. This work is licenced for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence. THE ROLE OF BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN SIGNALLING IN THE CONTROL OF SKIN REPAIR AFTER WOUNDING Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cutaneous wound healing mediated by bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonist Noggin Christopher John LEWIS Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Medical Biosciences School of Life Sciences University of Bradford 2013 Abstract The role of bone morphogenetic protein signalling in the control of skin repair after wounding. Christopher John LEWIS Keywords: Wound healing, bone morphogenetic protein, BMP, skin, keratinocyte, Noggin, Smad Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors (BMPRs) coordinate tissue development and postnatal remodelling by regulating proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, their role in wound healing remains unclear. To study this, transgenic mice overexpressing Smad1 (K14-caSmad1) or the BMP antagonist Noggin (K14-Noggin) were utilised, together with human and mouse ex vivo wound healing models and in vitro keratinocyte culture. In wild-type mice, transcripts for Bmpr-1A, Bmpr-II, Bmp ligands and Smad proteins were decreased following tissue injury, whilst Bmpr-1B expression was up-regulated. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed a down-regulation of BMPR-1A in hair follicles adjacent to the wound in murine skin, whilst in murine and human wounds, BMPR-1B and phospho-Smad-1/5/8 expression was pronounced in the wound epithelial tongue. K14-caSmad1 mice displayed retarded wound healing, associated with reduced keratinocyte proliferation and increased apoptosis, whilst K14-Noggin mice exhibited accelerated wound healing. Furthermore, microarray analysis of K14- caSmad1 epidermis revealed decreased expression of distinct cytoskeletal and ii cell motility-associated genes including wound-associated keratins (Krt16, Krt17) and Myo5a versus controls. Human and mouse keratinocyte proliferation and migration were suppressed by BMP-4/7 both in vitro and ex vivo, whilst they were stimulated by Noggin. Additionally, K14-caSmad1 keratinocytes showed retarded migration compared to controls when studied in vitro. Furthermore, Bmpr-1B silencing accelerated migration and was associated with increased expression of Krt16, Krt17 and Myo5a versus controls. Thus, this study demonstrates that BMPs inhibit proliferation, migration and cytoskeletal re-organization in epidermal keratinocytes during wound healing, and raises a possibility that BMP antagonists may be used for the future management of chronic wounds. iii Acknowledgements I would like to pay special thanks to Professor Vladimir Botchkarev and Dr Natasha Botchkareva for their support and advice throughout this project, and to Professor David Sharpe for his unfailing enthusiasm and support, and for giving me the opportunity to work within the Bradford Plastic Surgery & Burn Research Unit. I would also like to thank Dr Andrei Mardaryev for his support and advice in all of my work, together with his patience. Finally, I would like to thank my wife Emma, for her support and love throughout this work. iv Dedicated to my family, whose sacrifices have made me who I am today Bradford City Football Club 11th May 1985 – You’ll Never Walk Alone v Contents Abstract ................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgements .............................................................................. iv Dedication ............................................................................................ v Contents .............................................................................................. vi List of tables ................................................................................. xi List of figures ................................................................................ xi Abbreviations ................................................................................ xv I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. The skin: a multifunctional organ ............................................ 2 1.2. Anatomy of the skin ................................................................ 3 1.2.1. Epidermis ......................................................................... 3 1.2.2. Dermis ............................................................................. 7 1.3. Molecular regulation of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in postnatal epidermis ..................................... 10 1.3.1. p63 transcription factor ..................................................... 10 1.3.2. Regulation of keratinocyte proliferation in the epidermis ... 12 1.3.3. Regulation of postnatal epidermal differentiation .............. 14 1.3.4. Regulation of keratinocyte apoptosis in the epidermis ...... 16 1.4. The hair follicle ....................................................................... 17 1.5. Hair follicle development and hair cycling ............................... 20 vi 1.6. The pathophysiology of wound healing ................................... 24 1.6.1. The haemostatic phase .................................................... 27 1.6.2. The inflammatory phase ................................................... 30 1.6.3. The proliferative phase ..................................................... 32 1.6.4. The remodelling phase ..................................................... 37 1.7. The molecular regulation of wound healing............................. 39 1.7.1. Transcriptional regulation of re-epithelialization ................ 39 1.7.2. Transcriptional regulation of acute inflammation ............... 41 1.7.3. Transcriptional regulation of skin remodelling ................... 42 1.8. Hair follicles and wound healing ............................................. 44 1.9. Bone morphogenetic proteins ................................................. 52 1.9.1. BMP structure and subgroups .......................................... 53 1.9.2. BMP receptors and signalling cascades ........................... 54 1.9.3. BMP antagonists .............................................................. 58 1.9.4. BMPs in skin development and postnatal remodelling ...... 60 1.9.5. The role of BMPs in hair follicle embryogenesis................ 62 1.9.6. The role of BMPs in hair cycle regulation .......................... 65 1.9.7. The role of BMPs in wound healing .................................. 66 RESEARCH AIMS ........................................................................ 72 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Animals and tissue collection ................................................. 75 2.2. Isolation and culture of primary mouse keratinocytes.............. 77 vii 2.3. Cell line culture ...................................................................... 78 2.4. Cell treatment with BMP-4/7 and Noggin ................................ 79 2.5. Cell transfection ..................................................................... 80 2.6. Cell proliferation assay ........................................................... 80 2.7. Flow cytometric cell cycle analysis ......................................... 81 2.8. Transwell migration assay ...................................................... 82 2.9. Mouse explant migration model .............................................. 83 2.10. Scratch migration assay ....................................................... 85 2.11. Human ex vivo wound healing model ................................... 86 2.12. Immunohistochemistry.......................................................... 88 2.13. Phalloidin staining ................................................................ 89 2.14. Alkaline phosphatase staining .............................................. 90 2.15. Quantitative wound histomorphometry .................................. 91 2.16. RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis ....................................... 92 2.17. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis ..................................... 93 2.18. Microarray analysis .............................................................. 95 III. RESULTS 3.1. BMP pathway components display a dynamic expression profile during wound healing .................................................. 98 3.2. Histomorphological analysis of wound healing in wild-type, K14-caSmad1 and K14-Noggin mouse models ....................... 103 3.3. Expression of injury-induced keratins and keratinocyte morphology in control and transgenic wounds ........................ 112 viii 3.4. Global microarray analysis reveals changes in the expression of cytoskeletal and cell migration-associated genes in the epidermis of K14-caSmad1 mice ............................................ 116 3.5. BMP signalling suppresses in vitro human and mouse keratinocyte proliferation ........................................................ 121 3.6. BMP signalling slows in vitro and ex vivo keratinocyte migration ................................................................................ 131 3.7. BMPRs differentially modulate keratinocyte migration in vitro . 137 3.8. BMPR-1B signalling regulates expression of migration-related genes ..................................................................................... 140 3.9. Human skin heals and exhibits
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Commencement Program
    Sunday, the Sixteenth of May, Two Thousand and Ten ten o’clock in the morning ~ wallace wade stadium Duke University Commencement ~ 2010 One Hundred Fifty-Eighth Commencement Notes on Academic Dress Academic dress had its origin in the Middle Ages. When the European universities were taking form in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, scholars were also clerics, and they adopted Mace and Chain of Office robes similar to those of their monastic orders. Caps were a necessity in drafty buildings, and Again at commencement, ceremonial use is copes or capes with hoods attached were made of two important insignia given to Duke needed for warmth. As the control of universities University in memory of Benjamin N. Duke. gradually passed from the church, academic Both the mace and chain of office are the gifts costume began to take on brighter hues and to of anonymous donors and of the Mary Duke employ varied patterns in cut and color of gown Biddle Foundation. They were designed and and type of headdress. executed by Professor Kurt J. Matzdorf of New The use of academic costume in the United Paltz, New York, and were dedicated and first States has been continuous since Colonial times, used at the inaugural ceremonies of President but a clear protocol did not emerge until an Sanford in 1970. intercollegiate commission in 1893 recommended The Mace, the symbol of authority of the a uniform code. In this country, the design of a University, is made of sterling silver throughout. gown varies with the degree held. The bachelor’s Significance of Colors It is thirty-seven inches long and weighs about gown is relatively simple with long pointed Colors indicating fields of eight pounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Show Must Go on As Children's Day Gala Adapts to Pandemic
    18 | Monday, June 1, 2020 HONG KONG EDITION | CHINA DAILY LIFE o foster a love of reading than 30,000 book­related events, and build a learning socie­ influencing more than 10 million ty was an area of focus at people, according to Beijing Reading the recent two sessions, as Festival, a reading­promotion orga­ Tmembers from China’s top political nization. advisory body suggested on May 25 Love of books Zhu Yongxin, another CAPD cen­ to elevate the idea to that of a nation­ tral committee vice­chairman, has al strategy, and ensure its implemen­ spent 30 years promoting the habit tation by setting up administrative Delegates at the recent two sessions offer suggestions to elevate the of reading and has brought up the regulations. idea of national reading day for 18 “A reading day is better to be set promotion of reading to that of a national strategy, Mei Jia reports. years during the two sessions. and included as a national festival,” Zhu is accustomed to rising early said Zhang Yudong, member of every day to read and write. He National Committee of the Chinese keeps diaries, and has had several People’s Political Consultative Con­ published. ference and vice chairman of China “The reading day is not about holi­ Association for Promoting Democ­ day leave, it’s about an awakening racy central committee, in a speech and a ritual to remind people of how made via video conference during reading shapes us and our society,” the third session of the 13th CPPCC Zhu said. National Committee. Twenty years ago, parents would Reading is the most straightfor­ snatch picture books or cartoon ward, efficient, convenient and the books from their children, believing least costly way to eliminate educa­ that they were not reading the tional injustice and to raise the over­ “right” material, such as textbooks all caliber of the population, Zhang or that which was related to school said.
    [Show full text]
  • A Quest to Champion Local Creativity
    CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Friday, December 13, 2019 | 21 LIFE SHANGHAI A quest to champion local creativity Shanghai Culture Square is ramping up efforts to promote Chinese musicals by establishing a research center for performances and productions, Zhang Kun reports. AIC Shanghai Culture The three winning plays from the Square announced on Dec 2 first incubation program consist of that it will host the second a thriller about a teenage survival Shanghai International game, a contemporary interpreta­ SMusical Festival in 2020 and join tion of the life of Li Yu, a legendary hands with new partners to pro­ poet from 1,000 years ago, and a mote the development of original fantasy love story involving time Chinese musical productions in travel. Shanghai. “We are still taking our first steps Shanghai has arguably been the in creating original musicals,” says largest and most developed market theater director Gao Ruijia, a men­ for musical shows in China. tor on the incubation program. According to the live show trade “You will only be able to achieve union of Shanghai, 292 musical steady development after you have performances took place in theaters mastered these first steps.” across the city in the first six There are as yet no plans to push months of 2019. These shows were any of these plays into the commer­ watched by more than 287,000 peo­ cial phase, but professor Jin Fuzai ple and had raked in more than 61 with the Shanghai Conservatory of million yuan ($8.68 million) in box­ Music, who is also a mentor on the office takings, more than any other incubation program, says that the sector in the theater industry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Construction of the Abanyole Perceptions on Death Through Oral Funeral Poetry Ezekiel Alembi
    Ezekiel Alembi The Construction of the Abanyole Perceptions on Death Through Oral Funeral Poetry Ezekiel Alembi The Construction of the Abanyole Perceptions on Death Through Oral Funeral Poetry Cover picture: Road from Eluanda to Ekwanda. (Photo by Lauri Harvilahti). 2 The Construction of the Abanyole Perceptions on Death Through Oral Funeral Poetry ISBN 952-10-0739-7 (PDF) © Ezekiel Alembi DataCom Helsinki 2002 3 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my late parents: Papa Musa Alembi Otwelo and Mama Selifa Moche Alembi and to my late brothers and sisters: Otwelo, Nabutsili, Ongachi, Ayuma and George. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 PROLOGUE 9 PART ONE: INTRODUCTION 12 CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH THEME, SIGNIFICANCE AND THEORETICAL APPROACH 14 1.1 Theme and Significance of The Study 14 1.1.1 Focus and Scope 14 1.1.2 ResearchQuestions 15 1.1.3 Motivation for Studying Oral Funeral Poetry 15 1.2 Conceptual Model 18 1.2.1 Choosing from the Contested Theoretical Terrain 18 1.2.2 Ethnopoetics 19 1.2.2.1 Strands of Ethnopoetics 20 1.2.3 Infracultural Model in Folklore Analysis 22 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Trends and Issues in African Oral Literature 25 2.2.1 Conceptualization 25 2.2.2 The Pioneer Phase 26 2.2.3 The Era of African Elaboration and Formulation 28 2.2.4 Consolidation and Charting the Future 31 2.3 Trends and Issues in African Oral Poetry 33 2.3.1 The Controversy on African Poetry: Does Africahave Poetry Worth Studying? 33 2.3.2 The Thrust and Dynamics of Research
    [Show full text]
  • Success Story E-Mag June 2008 (About Talented Cameroonians At
    About Talented Cameroonians at Home and Abroad N° 010 JUNE 2008 Les NUBIANS Sam Fan Thomas Ekambi Brillant Salle John Jacky Biho Majoie Ayi Prince Nico Mbarga BENGA Martin Directeur Général elcome, my Dear Readers to the 10th Issue of your favourite E-Magazine that brings talented Cameroonians every month to your Desktop. W In this colourful Issue, we take you into the world of Cameroonian Music to meet those talented ladies and gentlemen whose voices and rhythms have kept us dancing and singing for generations. Every Cameroonian has his/her own daily repertoire of Cameroonian hits that he/she hums all day at work, at home, at school and other places. Over the radio, on TV and the internet, we watch our talented musicians spill off traditional rhythms that have been modernized to keep us proud of more than 240 tribes from ten provinces that make up Cameroon. For a start, let’s take you to Tsinga Yaounde to watch Ekambi Brillant, Jacky Biho, Salle John and Sam Fan Thomas on stage at Chez Liza et Christopher. To get a touch of world music we go to France to watch Les Nubians. We return to Yaounde to join Ottou Marcelin, Ateh Bazor, Le- Doux Marcellin, Patou Bass, Atango de Manadjama, Majoie Ayi, LaRosy Akono and several others to celebrate the World Music Day in a live con- cert that was organised by CRTV FM94 on June 21 2008 at the May 20 Boulevard. How many music genres are there in Cameroon? We attempt to answer that question by taking you around, in a world of rhythms that you know so well: makossa, bikutsi, zingué, ambassbay, bendskin, bottledance, assiko, tchamassi, makassi, Zeke Zeke and hope to see you dancing while you go through our attempt to explain their origins and present their promoters.
    [Show full text]
  • I Wesleyan University Creating a Native Space In
    Wesleyan t University Creating a Native Space in the City: An Inupiaq Community in Song and Dance By Heidi Aklaseaq Senungetuk Faculty Advisor: Dr. Mark Slobin A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Wesleyan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Middletown, Connecticut May 2017 i Copyright © 2017 Heidi Aklaseaq Senungetuk All Rights Reserved i Acknowledgements I wish to thank everyone who has supported me through my process of completing graduate studies. I am most appreciative of the advisors on my dissertation committee, especially Mark Slobin, who has provided invaluable insight, guidance, suggestions, and criticisms over the course of several years of graduate work, and generously agreed to work with me on this project. Su Zheng always finds new ways of seeing issues, and I welcome her sharp intellect. I am grateful for Maria Shaa Tláa Williams, who is one of a handful of Alaska Native professors, and serves as a role model, sounding board, and friend. Taikuutanni imatnuvaa. The Kingikmiut Dancers and Singers of Anchorage have shown me the way to become Inupiaq, a real person, through music and dance. Gregory Tungwenuk Nothstine, Sophie Tungwenuk Nothstine, Richard Atuk, Jane Atuk, Roy Roberts, Ruth Koenig, Reba Dickson, Cecilia Nunooruk Smith, Jessica Saniguq Ullrich, Mellisa Maktuayuk Heflin, Jennifer Aposuk McCarty, and many others have all been generous in showing me the way. Thank you to our relatives in the Native Village of Wales for hosting us at the Kingikmiut Dance Festival and sharing in the joy of dance. This dissertation was made possible with financial support from the Wesleyan University Music Fellowship and Graduate Assistantship, Wesleyan University Summer Research Travel Grants, Bering Straits Foundation Scholarship, Sitnasuak Foundation Scholarship, and the American Indian Graduate Center AIGC Fellowship.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 95 Us $7 95 Can
    $5 95 US $7 95 CAN :1 0744708,51 <i ..~ Join Uj \ in Minneapolis this Spring! FOR IN THE HEART OF THE BEAST , PUPPET AND MASK THEATRE's *-, 4/-l' 30th Parade '1.,A2/\ un, 'alv~j.-21 and Festival May 2,2004 Join us for parade building workshopsthroughout F I in 4,1 F themonthofApril. 11 . , . /1 1 It 1 1 Editor Andrew Periale 56 Woodland Drive /UPPETRY INTERNATIONAL Strafford, NH 03884 the puppet in contemporary theatre, film & media perryalley @ rscs.net Designer/Assistant Editor issue no. 15 Bonnie Periale Editorial Advisor The Editor's Page . 2 Leslee Asch THE ADAPTABLE PUPPET Historian John Bell The Survival of Chinese Shadow Puppetry bu Kuang-Yu Fong & Stephen Kaplin . ... ..... 4 Media Review Editor Donald Devet Thriving in St. Petersburg by Samuel Wooten 10 2 lst Century Punch by Konrad Fredericks . ... 12 Advertising Last Street Punch in London? bv Rolande Dupreli .13 Reay Kaplan [email protected] Wayang Arja: Survival & Change by I Nvoman Sedana .16 Pulcinella & Orlando Furioso by Andrew Per-fate ... 18 Distribution Tricia Berrett Indian Glove Puppets Struggle to Survive by Nirmala Kapila Venit ..20 Ningyo Joruri Bunraku bu Nancy Lohmann Staub .... 22 Advisors Vince Anthony Preserving & Transmitting Cultures by Leslee Asch . ... 28 Meg Daniel ..30 Puppet History Colunin by John Bell Norman Frisch Stephen Kaplin ON STAGE Mark Levenson Amanda Maddock Dragon Dance Theatre's Seven Angry Men review bv Jerome Lipani .32 Michael Malkin Dassia Posner BOOKS Hanne Tierney Amy Trompetter Short Notices on New Books bu John Bell .. 34 Puppet Mania review bv Kat/ileen Dapid .
    [Show full text]
  • School of Medicine 2006–2007
    December 1, 2006 ale university 2007 – Number 17 bulletin of y Series 102 School of Medicine 2006 bulletin of yale university December 1, 2006 School of Medicine Periodicals postage paid New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8227 ct bulletin of yale university bulletin of yale New Haven Bulletin of Yale University The University is committed to basing judgments concerning the admission, education, and employment of individuals upon their qualifications and abilities and affirmatively seeks to Postmaster: Send address changes to Bulletin of Yale University, attract to its faculty, staff, and student body qualified persons of diverse backgrounds. In PO Box 208227, New Haven 06520-8227 ct accordance with this policy and as delineated by federal and Connecticut law, Yale does not PO Box 208230, New Haven ct 06520-8230 discriminate in admissions, educational programs, or employment against any individual on Periodicals postage paid at New Haven, Connecticut account of that individual’s sex, race, color, religion, age, disability, status as a special disabled veteran, veteran of the Vietnam era, or other covered veteran, or national or ethnic origin; Issued seventeen times a year: one time a year in May, November, and December; two times nor does Yale discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity or expression. a year in June; three times a year in July and September; six times a year in August University policy is committed to affirmative action under law in employment of women, Managing Editor: Linda Koch Lorimer minority group members, individuals with disabilities, special disabled veterans, veterans of Editor: David J. Baker the Vietnam era, and other covered veterans.
    [Show full text]
  • Active U.S. Cphqs (As of March 9, 2020)
    Active U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • I TIV PANEGYRIC POETRY: a STUDY of PEVIKYAA ZEGI by FELIX
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Benue State University Institutional Repository i TIV PANEGYRIC POETRY: A STUDY OF PEVIKYAA ZEGI BY FELIX TERLUMUN IORYUE- LAWRENCE BSU/AR/Ph.D/07/907 BEING A PhD THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY MAKURDI, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTORATE DEGREE (PHD) IN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH OCTOBER, 2018 ii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this work is my own research, undertaken under the supervision of Dr. Moses Tsenongu and Dr. Maria Ajima and that this work has not been presented anywhere for the award of a degree or certificate. All sources both primary and secondary materials have been properly acknowledged. Sign:__________________ FELIX TERLUMUN IORYUE- LAWRENCE BSU/AR/Ph.D/07/907 iii CERTIFICATION We certify that this thesis titled “Tiv Panegyric Poetry: A Study of Pevikyaa Zegi” has been duly presented by FELIX TERLUMUN IORYUE- LAWRENCE BSU/AR/Ph.D/07/907 of the Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Benue State University, Makurdi. First Supervisor: Second Supervisor: Signature:………………………. Signature:……………………….. Name: Prof. Moses Tsenongu Name: Dr. Maria Ajima Date:…………………………..... Date:…………………………....... Head of Department Name: Prof. Abimbola Shittu Signature:……………………… Date:…………………………... Having met the stipulated requirements, the thesis has been accepted by the Department of English. …………………………………………. Prof. Toryina Ayati VARVAR Dean, Postgraduate School Date:……………………….. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to The Almighty God without whom this work would have not been a success. I give Him praise and thanks. I am greatly indebted to my supervisors: Professor Tyodzuah Akosu, who started the supervision of this work before handing it over to Professor Moses Tsenongu as a result his sabbatical leave.
    [Show full text]
  • Seller to Cellar, a Glass of Wine Still Has a Lot of Fizz and Sparkle
    18 | Tuesday, November 24, 2020 HONG KONG EDITION | CHINA DAILY LIFE Seller to cellar, a glass of wine still has a lot of fizz and sparkle Wine may be fine, but it has nev- tells me that the overall wine mar- perceived in China. Wine played the and not as harsh as other spirits, ferred choices in China. Red wine is steps up its globalization efforts. er been my favorite tipple or topic ket in India is roughly about 1 mil- role of a social indicator in the old- said Tommy Keeling, research undoubtedly the market leader in Viticulture, or the growing of wine of discussion unlike several of my lion cases or about $31.6 million a en days and was considered as director for Asia-Pacific at Interna- China and the best-selling due to grapes, is another sector that has peers. Over the years I have attend- year and growing by about 25 per- “expensive and prestigious”, says tional Wines and Spirits Record, a cultural traditions and the “health seen considerable growth in China ed several functions, but by and cent annually. There are already the report. It was more of a mascu- market research firm that focuses benefits associated with it”, said in recent years, especially in the large stayed away Indian companies, which have line drink and consumed largely in on the liquor industry, during a Keeling. Ningxia Hui autonomous region. from wines. A lot of it come out with brands that are gain- the north of the country. But all of recent webinar. “High-end wine products have Investors such as LVHM (Moet and had to do with my ing consumer acceptance, he said.
    [Show full text]
  • The Han Lens: Media Representation and Public Reception of Chinese Ethnic Minorities: a Case of Ayanga
    THE HAN LENS: MEDIA REPRESENTATION AND PUBLIC RECEPTION OF CHINESE ETHNIC MINORITIES: A CASE OF AYANGA A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Communication, Culture, and Technology By Zhengyan Cai, B.A. Washington, D.C. April 28, 2021 Copyright 2021 by Zhengyan Cai All Rights Reserved ii THE HAN LENS: MEDIA REPRESENTATION AND PUBLIC RECEPTION OF CHINESE ETHNIC MINORITIES: A CASE OF AYANGA Zhengyan Cai, B.A. Thesis Advisor: Diana M. Owen, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This research examined the ways that ethnic minorities are depicted in mainstream media representations in China and how the public accepts and consumes such depictions. It provides a case study of the Inner Mongolian singer Ayanga, who made his debut in the media in 2012 and gained great popularity in a musical talent show in 2018. The thesis put various media texts produced by related fans communities into a database for analysis. By looking into the media strategies used by the state power structure and the majority ethnic group of China, a country where the dominant mainstream Han group makes up over 90% of the national population, the study discovers how representations of ethnic minorities help to construct the Han's subjectivity in China's nationality. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to first say thank you to my thesis advisor, Professor Owen. Without you, I would not be able to finish this thesis. I have received a lot of help and support from you.
    [Show full text]