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Umbanda: Africana Or Esoteric? Open Library of Humanities, 6(1): 25, Pp
ARTICLE How to Cite: Engler, S 2020 Umbanda: Africana or Esoteric? Open Library of Humanities, 6(1): 25, pp. 1–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16995/olh.469 Published: 30 June 2020 Peer Review: This article has been peer reviewed through the double-blind process of Open Library of Humanities, which is a journal published by the Open Library of Humanities. Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Open Access: Open Library of Humanities is a peer-reviewed open access journal. Digital Preservation: The Open Library of Humanities and all its journals are digitally preserved in the CLOCKSS scholarly archive service. Steven Engler, ‘Umbanda: Africana or Esoteric?’ (2020) 6(1): 25 Open Library of Humanities. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.16995/olh.469 ARTICLE Umbanda: Africana or Esoteric? Steven Engler Mount Royal University, CA [email protected] Umbanda is a dynamic and varied Brazilian spirit-incorporation tradition first recorded in the early twentieth century. This article problematizes the ambiguity of categorizing Umbanda as an ‘Afro-Brazilian’ religion, given the acknowledged centrality of elements of Kardecist Spiritism. It makes a case that Umbanda is best categorized as a hybridizing Brazilian Spiritism. Though most Umbandists belong to groups with strong African influences alongside Kardecist elements, many belong to groups with few or no African elements, reflecting greater Kardecist influence. -
Batá Drumming, Ifá Divination, and Orisha Worship in Cuba Michael Marcuzzi
Document generated on 09/25/2021 1:34 a.m. Canadian University Music Review Revue de musique des universités canadiennes Dancing with the Divine(r): Batá Drumming, Ifá Divination, and Orisha Worship in Cuba Michael Marcuzzi Canadian Perspectives in Ethnomusicology Article abstract Perspectives canadiennes en ethnomusicologie This paper is an examination of similarities between batá drumming and Ifá Volume 19, Number 2, 1999 divination among the Afrocuban socio-religious group, Lukumí. Primarily addressing the use of diametrically opposed social actions within each of these URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1014448ar practices, the paper maintains that this juxtaposition of opposites is a DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1014448ar constituent characteristic of divining modes—be they interpretive or mediumistic—in effecting suprahuman communication. The paper purports the necessity to examine batá drumming as a divination system; thus, it argues See table of contents the need for an expanded construct of divination that can readily include musical behaviours such as possession induction. Publisher(s) Canadian University Music Society / Société de musique des universités canadiennes ISSN 0710-0353 (print) 2291-2436 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Marcuzzi, M. (1999). Dancing with the Divine(r): Batá Drumming, Ifá Divination, and Orisha Worship in Cuba. Canadian University Music Review / Revue de musique des universités canadiennes, 19(2), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.7202/1014448ar All Rights Reserved © Canadian University Music Society / Société de musique This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit des universités canadiennes, 1999 (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. -
P E E L C H R Is T Ian It Y , Is L a M , an D O R Isa R E Lig Io N
PEEL | CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM, AND ORISA RELIGION Luminos is the open access monograph publishing program from UC Press. Luminos provides a framework for preserving and rein- vigorating monograph publishing for the future and increases the reach and visibility of important scholarly work. Titles published in the UC Press Luminos model are published with the same high standards for selection, peer review, production, and marketing as those in our traditional program. www.luminosoa.org Christianity, Islam, and Orisa Religion THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF CHRISTIANITY Edited by Joel Robbins 1. Christian Moderns: Freedom and Fetish in the Mission Encounter, by Webb Keane 2. A Problem of Presence: Beyond Scripture in an African Church, by Matthew Engelke 3. Reason to Believe: Cultural Agency in Latin American Evangelicalism, by David Smilde 4. Chanting Down the New Jerusalem: Calypso, Christianity, and Capitalism in the Caribbean, by Francio Guadeloupe 5. In God’s Image: The Metaculture of Fijian Christianity, by Matt Tomlinson 6. Converting Words: Maya in the Age of the Cross, by William F. Hanks 7. City of God: Christian Citizenship in Postwar Guatemala, by Kevin O’Neill 8. Death in a Church of Life: Moral Passion during Botswana’s Time of AIDS, by Frederick Klaits 9. Eastern Christians in Anthropological Perspective, edited by Chris Hann and Hermann Goltz 10. Studying Global Pentecostalism: Theories and Methods, by Allan Anderson, Michael Bergunder, Andre Droogers, and Cornelis van der Laan 11. Holy Hustlers, Schism, and Prophecy: Apostolic Reformation in Botswana, by Richard Werbner 12. Moral Ambition: Mobilization and Social Outreach in Evangelical Megachurches, by Omri Elisha 13. Spirits of Protestantism: Medicine, Healing, and Liberal Christianity, by Pamela E. -
AXÉ, ORIXÁ, XIRÊ E MÚSICA: Estudo De Música E Performance No Candomblé Queto Na Baixada Santista
Jorge Luiz Ribeiro de Vasconcelos AXÉ, ORIXÁ, XIRÊ E MÚSICA: Estudo de música e performance no candomblé queto na Baixada Santista Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Artes, da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, para obtenção do Título de Doutor em Música. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Roberto Zan . Campinas, 2010 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA BIBLIOTECA DO INSTITUTO DE ARTES DA UNICAMP Vasconcelos, Jorge Luiz Ribeiro de. V441a Axé, orixá, xirê e música: estudo de música e performance no candomblé queto na Baixada Santista. / Jorge Luiz Ribeiro de Vasconcelos. – Campinas, SP: [s.n.], 2010. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Roberto Zan. Tese(doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes. 1. Candomblé. 2. Música afro-brasileira. 3. Religiões afro- brasileiras. 4. Música e religião. 5. Etnomusicologia. I. Zan, José Roberto. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Artes. III. Título. (em/ia) Título em inglês: “Axé, orixá, xirê and music: a study of music and performance in Candomblé Queto.” Palavras-chave em inglês (Keywords): Candomblé ; afro-brazilian music ; afro-brazilian religions ; music and religion ; ethnomusicology. Titulação: Doutor em Música. Banca examinadora: Prof. Dr. José Roberto Zan. Prof. Dr. Ângelo Nonato Natale Cardoso. Prof. Dr. Vagner Gonçalves da Silva. Prof. Dr. Fernando Augusto de Almeida Hashimoto. Prof. Dr. Antônio Rafael Carvalho dos Santos. Prof. Dr. Alberto Tsuyoshi Ikeda. Prof. Dr. Eduardo Vicente. Prof. Dr. Claudiney Rodrigues Carrasco. Data da Defesa: 30-03-2010 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Música. iv v Aos pais e mães, Julião Vasconcelos (em memória) e Helena Ribeiro de Vasconcelos; Marcos D'Ogun e Sandra D'Eloyá. vii AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço: Primeiramente ao meu orientador Prof. -
Yoruba Art & Culture
Yoruba Art & Culture Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Yoruba Art and Culture PHOEBE A. HEARST MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY Written and Designed by Nicole Mullen Editors Liberty Marie Winn Ira Jacknis Special thanks to Tokunbo Adeniji Aare, Oduduwa Heritage Organization. COPYRIGHT © 2004 PHOEBE A. HEARST MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PHOEBE A. HEARST MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY ◆ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY BERKELEY, CA 94720-3712 ◆ 510-642-3682 ◆ HTTP://HEARSTMUSEUM.BERKELEY.EDU Table of Contents Vocabulary....................4 Western Spellings and Pronunciation of Yoruba Words....................5 Africa....................6 Nigeria....................7 Political Structure and Economy....................8 The Yoruba....................9, 10 Yoruba Kingdoms....................11 The Story of How the Yoruba Kingdoms Were Created....................12 The Colonization and Independence of Nigeria....................13 Food, Agriculture and Trade....................14 Sculpture....................15 Pottery....................16 Leather and Beadwork....................17 Blacksmiths and Calabash Carvers....................18 Woodcarving....................19 Textiles....................20 Religious Beliefs....................21, 23 Creation Myth....................22 Ifa Divination....................24, 25 Music and Dance....................26 Gelede Festivals and Egugun Ceremonies....................27 Yoruba Diaspora....................28 -
AFN 121 Yoruba Tradition and Culture
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Open Educational Resources Borough of Manhattan Community College 2021 AFN 121 Yoruba Tradition and Culture Remi Alapo CUNY Borough of Manhattan Community College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/bm_oers/29 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Presented as part of the discussion on West Africa about the instructor’s Heritage in the AFN 121 course History of African Civilizations on April 20, 2021. Yoruba Tradition and Culture Prof. Remi Alapo Department of Ethnic and Race Studies Borough of Manhattan Community College [BMCC]. Questions / Comments: [email protected] AFN 121 - History of African Civilizations (Same as HIS 121) Description This course examines African "civilizations" from early antiquity to the decline of the West African Empire of Songhay. Through readings, lectures, discussions and videos, students will be introduced to the major themes and patterns that characterize the various African settlements, states, and empires of antiquity to the close of the seventeenth century. The course explores the wide range of social and cultural as well as technological and economic change in Africa, and interweaves African agricultural, social, political, cultural, technological, and economic history in relation to developments in the rest of the world, in addition to analyzing factors that influenced daily life such as the lens of ecology, food production, disease, social organization and relationships, culture and spiritual practice. -
Mário De Andrade E O Tambor De Crioula Do Maranhão1
MÁRIO DE ANDRADE E O TAMBOR DE CRIOULA DO MARANHÃO1 Sergio F. Ferretti* RESUMO: Tambor de Crioula no Maranhão, é uma dança de negros ao som de tambores, sobre a qual, até hoje ainda há poucos trabalhos divulgados. É dança de umbigada semelhante a outras do mesmo gênero no país. No Maranhão possui características específicas e só aqui é conhecido com este nome. Mário de Andrade, diretor do Departamento Municipal de Cultura, organizou em 1937/38, atra- vés da Biblioteca Pública Municipal de São Paulo, uma Missão de Pesquisas Folclóricas ao Norte e Nordeste do Brasil que docu- mentou, entre diversas manifestações culturais, o tambor de cri- oula e o tambor de mina em São Luís, cujo relatório foi publicado por Oneyda Alvarenga em 1948. Comentamos aqui o trabalho da Missão de Pesquisas Folclóricas (MPF) sobre o tambor de criou- la, analisando a importância e a situação atual desta manifestação de cultura popular. Apresentamos caracterização geral da dança comparando-a com o tambor de mina, com a qual até hoje tem sido confundia. Talvez esta confusão, se deva em parte, a ambas terem sido classificadas por Mário de Andrade, como música de feitiçaria. Palavras-chave: Missão Folclórica. Mário de Andrade. Tambor de Crioula e Tambor de Mina. 1 INTRODUÇÃO Tambor de Crioula no Maranhão, é uma dança de negros ao som de tambo- res, sobre a qual há poucos trabalhos publicados. É dança de umbigada seme- lhante a outras do mesmo gênero existentes no país. No Maranhão o tambor de crioula possui características específicas e só aqui é conhecido com este nome. -
Festas De Encantarias
FESTAS DE ENCANTARIAS AS RELIGIÕES AFRO-DIASPÓRICAS E AFRO-AMAZÔNICAS, UM OLHAR FRATRIMONIAL EM MUSEOLOGIA por Diogo Jorge de Melo Aluno do Curso de Doutorado em Museologia e Patrimônio Linha 02 – Museologia e Patrimônio Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Museologia e Patrimônio. Orientador: Professora Doutora Priscila Faulhaber Barbosa UNIRIO/MAST - RJ, Fevereiro de 2020 Catalogação informatizada pelo(a) autor(a) Jorge de Melo, Diogo J528 FESTAS DE ENCANTARIAS: AS RELIGIÕES AFRO- DIASPÓRICAS E AFRO-AMAZÔNICAS, UM OLHAR FRATRIMONIAL EM MUSEOLOGIA / Diogo Jorge de Melo. -- Rio de Janeiro, 2020. 269 Orientadora: Priscila Faulhaber Barbosa. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Museologia e Patrimônio, 2020. 1. Museu. 2. Museologia. 3. Patrimônio. 4. Religiões Afro-diaspóricas. 5. Religiões Afro- amazônicas. I. Faulhaber Barbosa, Priscila, orient. II. Título. iv Dedico a toda a diversidade cultural e espiritual afro-diaspórico presente no Brasil, que constituíram um complexo religioso que muito me encanta e que de muitas formas possibilitaram a existência deste trabalho. v Estou vivendo como um mero mortal profissional Percebendo que às vezes não dá pra ser didático Tendo que quebrar o tabu e os costumes frágeis das crenças limitantes Mesmo pisando firme em chão de giz De dentro pra fora da escola é fácil aderir a uma ética e uma ótica Presa em uma enciclopédia de ilusões bem selecionadas E contadas só por quem vence Pois acredito que até o próprio Cristo -
Vodou and the U.S. Counterculture
VODOU AND THE U.S. COUNTERCULTURE Christian Remse A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2013 Committee: Maisha Wester, Advisor Katerina Ruedi Ray Graduate Faculty Representative Ellen Berry Tori Ekstrand Dalton Jones © 2013 Christian Remse All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Maisha Wester, Advisor Considering the function of Vodou as subversive force against political, economic, social, and cultural injustice throughout the history of Haiti as well as the frequent transcultural exchange between the island nation and the U.S., this project applies an interpretative approach in order to examine how the contextualization of Haiti’s folk religion in the three most widespread forms of American popular culture texts – film, music, and literature – has ideologically informed the U.S. counterculture and its rebellious struggle for change between the turbulent era of the mid-1950s and the early 1970s. This particular period of the twentieth century is not only crucial to study since it presents the continuing conflict between the dominant white heteronormative society and subjugated minority cultures but, more importantly, because the Enlightenment’s libertarian ideal of individual freedom finally encouraged non-conformists of diverse backgrounds such as gender, race, and sexuality to take a collective stance against oppression. At the same time, it is important to stress that the cultural production of these popular texts emerged from and within the conditions of American culture rather than the native context of Haiti. Hence, Vodou in these American popular texts is subject to cultural appropriation, a paradigm that is broadly defined as the use of cultural practices and objects by members of another culture. -
African Concepts of Energy and Their Manifestations Through Art
AFRICAN CONCEPTS OF ENERGY AND THEIR MANIFESTATIONS THROUGH ART A thesis submitted to the College of the Arts of Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Renée B. Waite August, 2016 Thesis written by Renée B. Waite B.A., Ohio University, 2012 M.A., Kent State University, 2016 Approved by ____________________________________________________ Fred Smith, Ph.D., Advisor ____________________________________________________ Michael Loderstedt, M.F.A., Interim Director, School of Art ____________________________________________________ John R. Crawford-Spinelli, D.Ed., Dean, College of the Arts TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………….. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS …………………………………… vi CHAPTERS I. Introduction ………………………………………………… 1 II. Terms and Art ……………………………………………... 4 III. Myths of Origin …………………………………………. 11 IV. Social Structure …………………………………………. 20 V. Divination Arts …………………………………………... 30 VI. Women as Vessels of Energy …………………………… 42 VII. Conclusion ……………………………………….…...... 56 VIII. Images ………………………………………………… 60 IX. Bibliography …………………………………………….. 84 X. Further Reading ………………………………………….. 86 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Porogun Quarter, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria, 1992, Photograph by John Pemberton III http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/cosmos/models.html. ……………………………………… 60 Figure 2: Yoruba Ifa Divination Tapper (Iroke Ifa) Nigeria; Ivory. 12in, Baltimore Museum of Art http://www.artbma.org/. ……………………………………………… 61 Figure 3.; Yoruba Opon Ifa (Divination Tray), Nigerian; carved wood 3/4 x 12 7/8 x 16 in. Smith College Museum of Art, http://www.smith.edu/artmuseum/. ………………….. 62 Figure 4. Ifa Divination Vessel; Female Caryatid (Agere Ifa); Ivory, wood or coconut shell inlay. Nigeria, Guinea Coast The Metropolitan Museum of Art, http://www.metmuseum.org. ……………………… 63 Figure 5. Beaded Crown of a Yoruba King. Nigerian; L.15 (crown), L.15 (fringe) in. -
Vocabulaire Des Musiques Latino-Américaines
JORGE ANTUÑES ISABELLE LEYMARIE CHRISTOPHE PIRENNE VOCABULAIRE DES MUSIQUES LATINO-AMERICAINES Minerve Musique Ouverte AVANT PROPOS L'immense espace géographique qui va de la Terre de Feu au Sud du Texas et des côtes du Chili aux Petites Antilles fut le théâtre sublime et sanglant d'une histoire marquée par d’incessants mouvements migratoires qui débutèrent au XVIe siècle, avec la colonisation. La diversité et l’ampleur de ces flux d'hommes de toutes races, de toutes provenances et de toutes croyances est à l'origine d’un univers culturel complexe, dont la principale caractéristique est le métissage. Les rencontres entre les indiens et les occidentaux, entre les indiens et les noirs africains, entre les occidentaux et les africains, entre les nombreuses races africaines... ont été à l'origine de phénomènes d'acculturation complexes et variés. Les musiques indigènes, européennes et africaines ont été réinterprétées, recréées pour aboutir à des formes inédites variant selon les régions ou le degré d’influence de chacune des sources. À côté des chocs brutaux résultant des génocides ou de la succession de colonisateurs, les différentes phases de colonisation de certaines régions se sont opérées tantôt par une lente maturation des acquis (lorsque ces régions connaissent une relative stabilité), tantôt "naturellement" (dans les régions les plus hostiles certains indigènes ont préservé leur culture). La collecte de ce répertoire traditionnel est, le plus souvent, très récente, et de nombreuses analyses ont porté sur des descriptions plutôt que sur des sources sonores ou de la musique écrite. Dans le cas de certaines civilisations précolombiennes (Aztèques, Mayas, Incas) l’archéologie, de même que la conservation de certains codex ou, comme au Pérou, le témoignage de colons avisés tels que Garcilaso de la Vega et Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, ont permis de combler certaines lacunes. -
Orisha Journeys: the Role of Travel in the Birth of Yorùbá-Atlantic Religions 1
Arch. de Sc. soc. des Rel., 2002, 117 (janvier-mars) 17-36 Peter F. COHEN ORISHA JOURNEYS: THE ROLE OF TRAVEL IN THE BIRTH OF YORÙBÁ-ATLANTIC RELIGIONS 1 Introduction 2 In recent years the array of Orisha 3 traditions associated withtheYorùbá- speaking peoples of West Africa has largely broken free of the category of “Afri- can traditional religion” and begun to gain recognition as a nascent world religion in its own right. While Orisha religions are today both trans-national and pan-eth- nic, they are nonetheless the historical precipitate of the actions and interactions of particular individuals. At their human epicenter are the hundreds of thousands of Yorùbá-speaking people who left their country during the first half of the 19th cen- tury in one of the most brutal processes of insertion into the world economy under- gone by any people anywhere; the Atlantic slave trade. While the journey of the Middle Passage is well known, other journeys under- taken freely by Africans during the period of the slave trade – in a variety of direc- tions, for a multiplicity of reasons, often at great expense, and sometimes at great personal risk – are less so. These voyages culminated in a veritable transmigration involving thousands of Yorùbá-speaking people and several points on both sides of 1 Paper presented at the 1999 meeting of the Société Internationale de la Sociologie des Religions. This article was originally prepared in 1999. Since then, an impressive amount of literature has been published on the subject, which only serves to strengthen our case. A great deal of new of theoretical work on the African Diaspora in terms of trans-national networks and mutual exchanges has not so much challenged our arguments as diminished their novelty.