DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessing Migration Patterns in [I]Passerina Ciris[I]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessing Migration Patterns in [I]Passerina Ciris[I] A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 7 April 2016. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/1871), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Linck E, Bridge ES, Duckles JM, Navarro-Sigüenza AG, Rohwer S. 2016. Assessing migration patterns in Passerina ciris using the world’s bird collections as an aggregated resource. PeerJ 4:e1871 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1871 Assessing migration patterns in Passerina ciris using the world’s bird collections as an aggregated resource Ethan Linck, Eli S Bridge, Jonah Duckles, Alfonso G Navarro Sigüenza, Sievert Rohwer Natural history museum collections (NHCs) represent a rich and largely untapped source of data on demography and population movements. NHC specimen records can be corrected to a crude measure of collecting effort and reflect relative population densities with a method known as abundance indices. We plot abundance index values from georeferenced NHC data in a 12-month series for the new world migratory passerine Passerina ciris across its molting and wintering range in Mexico and Central America. We illustrate a statistically significant change in abundance index values across regions and months that suggests a quasi-circular movement around its non-breeding range, and use enhanced vegetation index (EVI) analysis of remote sensing plots to demonstrate non-random association of specimen record density with areas of high primary productivity. We demonstrate how abundance indices from NHC specimen records can be applied to infer previously unknown migratory behavior, and be integrated with remote sensing data to allow for a deeper understanding of demography and behavioral ecology across space and time. PeerJ PrePrints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1567v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 5 Dec 2015, publ: 5 Dec 2015 1 Assessing migration patterns in Passerina ciris using the world’s bird collections as an 2 aggregated resource. 3 4 Ethan Linck1*, Eli S. Bridge2, Jonah Duckles3, Adolfo G. Navarro-Sigüenza4, Sievert Rohwer1 5 1 Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of 6 Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 7 2 Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA 8 3 Department of Information Techonology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA 9 4 Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 10 D.F., México 11 * Corresponding author: [email protected]; University of Washington, Kincaid Hall Box 351800, 12 Seattle, WA 98115 13 14 ABSTRACT 15 16 Natural history museum collections (NHCs) represent a rich and largely untapped source of data 17 on demography and population movements. NHC specimen records can be corrected to a crude 18 measure of collecting effort and reflect relative population densities with a method known as 19 abundance indices. We plot abundance index values from georeferenced NHC data in a 12- 20 month series for the new world migratory passerine Passerina ciris across its molting and 21 wintering range in Mexico and central America. We illustrate a statistically significant change in 22 abundance index values across regions and months that suggests a quasi-circular movement 23 around its non-breeding range, and use enhanced vegetation index (EVI) analysis of remote 24 sensing plots to demonstrate non-random association of specimen record density with areas of 25 high primary productivity. We demonstrate how abundance indices from NHC specimen records 26 can be applied to infer previously unknown migratory behavior, and be integrated with remote 27 sensing data to provide a deeper understanding of demography and behavioral ecology across 28 time and space. 29 INTRODUCTION 30 31 Natural history museum collections (NHCs) represent a rich and largely untapped source 32 of data on demography, behavioral ecology, and population movements. (Lister and Group 2011, 33 Suarez and Tsutsui 2004). Housed in museums and herbaria worldwide, NHCs are unique among 34 extant biological datasets in their breadth, depth, and, for the most part, in lacking biases intrinsic 35 to data collected for a specific research goal. NHCs are particularly valuable in that the oldest 36 specimens in collections predate even the longest running ecological surveys (Magurran et al. 37 2010), and that the majority of specimens are associated with detailed provenance data (Lister 38 and Group 2011). The combination of these records into sortable databases spanning multiple 39 institutions provides an invaluable resource in approaching a wide range of biological questions 40 through careful scrutiny and meta-analysis. 41 NHCs have traditionally been used to assess biogeographic range changes (Boakes et al. 42 2010), phenological shifts (Robbirt et al. 2011), hybridization (Rohwer and Wood 1998) and 43 evolutionary change in morphology. Applications of molecular techniques to NHCs have 44 extracted DNA from historic specimens to use in phylogenetic analyses (Paabo et al. 2004), 45 performed stable isotope analyses to track diet and migration in birds (Inger and Bearshop 2008), 46 and examined environmental contamination through trace element analysis (Berg et al. 1966, 47 Hickey and Anderson 1968). While specimen collections have obvious utility in addressing 48 questions of population biology, particularly in gaining access into otherwise-unknown historical 49 population dynamics, a major shortcoming of these data is the absence of information on 50 collecting effort associated with any individual specimen. 51 One method of overcoming this shortcoming is the application of indices that are 52 corrected to a crude measure of effort (Miki et al. 2000, Barry et al. 2009). These abundance 53 indices are calculated by use of electronic natural history museum catalogs (such as VertNet.org) 54 to aggregate records of specimens from a particular region and time period that are expected to 55 have been collected in a similar manner to the focal species of a study. Abundance indices have 56 been successfully applied to show molt migration (Barry et al. 2009), population dynamics in 57 medicinal plants (Miki et al. 2000), and in assessing migratory double-breeding (Rohwer et al. 58 2012) and changes in community composition from massive environmental pertubations 59 (Rohwer et al. 2015). A logical extension of these analyses is to examine spatial and temporal 60 changes in abundance index values to infer month-to-month population-level movements, where 61 technology, cost and unpredictable behavior often prohibit geotagging individuals. However, 62 such use of aggregated collection records remains untested. 63 Here, we demonstrate how abundance indices can be applied to infer population-level 64 movements from month to month across a migratory species’ non-breeding range. We plot 65 abundance index values from georeferenced NHC data in a 12-month series for the new world 66 migratory passerine Passerina ciris across its molting and wintering range in Mexico and central 67 America. We illustrate a statistically significant change in abundance index values across regions 68 and months that suggests a quasi-circular movement around its non-breeding range, and use 69 enhanced vegetation index (EVI) analysis of remote sensing plots to demonstrate non-random 70 association of specimen record density with areas of high primary productivity. 71 72 METHODS 73 74 Study species. The Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) is a migratory New World 75 passerine in the family Cardinalidae. Current taxonomy recognizes two subspecies of Painted 76 Bunting but the boundary between these races does not coincide with a nearly 500km gap 77 separating the east coast and the Midwestern breeding populations of Painted Buntings 78 (Thompson 1991). Further, these isolated breeding populations differ dramatically in their molt 79 scheduling, with the eastern population molting on its breeding range prior to migration and the 80 Midwestern population moving to the monsoon region of the southwestern United States and 81 northwestern Mexico where it pauses to molt before proceeding to its wintering range in 82 southern Mexico and Central America (Thompson 1991, Rohwer et al. 2005, V.G. Rohwer et al. 83 2009). 84 Across their range, Painted Buntings favor ecotones, brushy, weedy habitats in second 85 growth, and dense forest understory. Relatively little is known in detail about the species’ 86 movements following molt stopover, but progressive southward movements of populations along 87 the west coast of Mexico have been observed in the autumn (Rohwer 2014, pers. comm.; Contina 88 et al. 2013). 89 Calculating Abundance Indices. To track spatial and temporal changes in Painted 90 Bunting population densities during the wintering season, we employed a method of inferring 91 relative population densities from specimen collections data known as Abundance Indices. The 92 method, proposed in Rohwer et al. 2011 and developed independently by Miki et al. (2000), 93 adjusts for a major shortcoming of specimen collections data -- the absence of associated 94 information on collecting effort -- by producing an index that is corrected to a crude measure of 95 effort. This index is calculated by using electronic natural history museum catalogs (such as 96 VertNet.org) to aggregate records of specimens from a particular region and time period that are 97 expected to have been collected in a manner similar to the methods used to collect the focal 98 species of a study. 99 We used the formula for abundance index calculation proposed in Rohwer et al. (2015): 100 th 101 where xkr is number of specimens of the k species collected in r, the region and time period of 102 interest, and n is the number of specimens of all species that would be “expected” to be collected 103 using the same methods in that region and time period of interest. 104 Reference data. In order to calculate abundance indices for Painted Buntings, we 105 accessed two databases of specimen collection records: the Mexican Bird Atlas, and VertNet. 106 The Mexican Bird Atlas began compilation by A.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2018 Issued BL 11192018 by DATE
    2018 Issued Tukwila Business Licenses Sorted by Date of Application DBA Name Full Name Full Primary Address UBC # NAICS Creation NAICS Description Code Date TROYS ELECTRIC EDWARDS TROY A 2308 S L ST 602712157 238210 11/13/2018 Electrical Contractors TACOMA WA 98405 and Oth OLD MACK LLC OLD MACK LLC 2063 RYAN RD 604216260 423320 11/13/2018 Brick, Stone, and BUCKLEY WA 98321 Related Cons DRAGONS BREATH CREAMERY NITRO SNACK LLC 1027 SOUTHCENTER MALL 604290130 445299 11/9/2018 All Other Specialty Food TUKWILA WA 98188 Store NASH ELECTRIC LLC NASH ELECTRIC LLC 8316 71ST ST NE 603493097 238210 11/8/2018 Electrical Contractors MARYSVILLE WA 98270 and Oth BUDGET WIRING BUDGET WIRING 12612 23RD AVE S 601322435 238210 11/7/2018 Electrical Contractors BURIEN WA 98168 and Oth MATRIX ELECTRIC LLC MATRIX ELECTRIC LLC 15419 24TH AVE E 603032786 238210 11/7/2018 Electrical Contractors TACOMA WA 98445-4711 and Oth SOUNDBUILT HOMES LLC SOUNDBUILT HOMES LLC 12815 CANYON RD E 602883361 236115 11/7/2018 General Contractor M PUYALLUP WA 98373 1ST FIRE SOLUTIONS LLC 1ST FIRE SOLUTIONS LLC 4210 AUBURN WAY N 603380886 238220 11/6/2018 Plumbing, Heating, and 7 Air-Con AUBURN WA 98002 BJ'S CONSTRUCTION & BJ'S CONSTRUCTION & 609 26TH ST SE 601930579 236115 11/6/2018 General Contractor LANDSCAPING LANDSCAPING AUBURN WA 98002 CONSTRUCTION BROKERS INC CONSTRUCTION BROKERS INC 3500 DR GREAVES RD 604200594 236115 11/6/2018 General Contractor GRANDVIEW MO 64030 OBEC CONSULTING ENGINEERS OBEC CONSULTING ENGINEERS 4041 B ST 604305691 541330 11/6/2018 Engineering Services
    [Show full text]
  • 3825 J. Schnizlein Category: Standards Track M
    Network Working Group J. Polk Request for Comments: 3825 J. Schnizlein Category: Standards Track M. Linsner Cisco Systems July 2004 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Option for Coordinate-based Location Configuration Information Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). Abstract This document specifies a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Option for the coordinate-based geographic location of the client. The Location Configuration Information (LCI) includes latitude, longitude, and altitude, with resolution indicators for each. The reference datum for these values is also included. Polk, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 3825 DHCP Option for Coordinate LCI July 2004 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . 2 1.1. Conventions . 3 1.2. Motivation . 3 1.3. Rationale . 4 2. Location Configuration Information (LCI) Elements. 4 2.1. Elements of the Location Configuration Information . 5 3. Security Considerations. 8 4. IANA Considerations. 8 5. Acknowledgements . 9 Appendix Calculations of Imprecision possible with the DHC LCI . 10 A.1. LCI of "White House" (Example 1) . 10 A.2. LCI of "Sears Tower" (Example 2) . 12 6. References . 13 6.1. Normative References . 13 6.2. Informational References . 14 7. Author Information . 14 8. Full Copyright Statement . 15 1. Introduction This document specifies a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol [1] Option for the coordinate-based geographic location of the client, to be provided by the server.
    [Show full text]
  • Promise Beheld and the Limits of Place
    Promise Beheld and the Limits of Place A Historic Resource Study of Carlsbad Caverns and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks and the Surrounding Areas By Hal K. Rothman Daniel Holder, Research Associate National Park Service, Southwest Regional Office Series Number Acknowledgments This book would not be possible without the full cooperation of the men and women working for the National Park Service, starting with the superintendents of the two parks, Frank Deckert at Carlsbad Caverns National Park and Larry Henderson at Guadalupe Mountains National Park. One of the true joys of writing about the park system is meeting the professionals who interpret, protect and preserve the nation’s treasures. Just as important are the librarians, archivists and researchers who assisted us at libraries in several states. There are too many to mention individuals, so all we can say is thank you to all those people who guided us through the catalogs, pulled books and documents for us, and filed them back away after we left. One individual who deserves special mention is Jed Howard of Carlsbad, who provided local insight into the area’s national parks. Through his position with the Southeastern New Mexico Historical Society, he supplied many of the photographs in this book. We sincerely appreciate all of his help. And finally, this book is the product of many sacrifices on the part of our families. This book is dedicated to LauraLee and Lucille, who gave us the time to write it, and Talia, Brent, and Megan, who provide the reasons for writing. Hal Rothman Dan Holder September 1998 i Executive Summary Located on the great Permian Uplift, the Guadalupe Mountains and Carlsbad Caverns national parks area is rich in prehistory and history.
    [Show full text]
  • Telecommunications Provider Locator
    Telecommunications Provider Locator Industry Analysis & Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau March 2009 This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Information Center at 445 12th Street, S.W., Courtyard Level. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., Portals II, 445 12th Street S.W., Room CY-B402, Washington, D.C. 20554, telephone 800-378-3160, facsimile 202-488-5563, or via e-mail at [email protected]. This report can be downloaded and interactively searched on the Wireline Competition Bureau Statistical Reports Internet site located at www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/locator.html. Telecommunications Provider Locator This report lists the contact information, primary telecommunications business and service(s) offered by 6,252 telecommunications providers. The last report was released September 7, 2007.1 The information in this report is drawn from providers’ Telecommunications Reporting Worksheets (FCC Form 499-A). It can be used by customers to identify and locate telecommunications providers, by telecommunications providers to identify and locate others in the industry, and by equipment vendors to identify potential customers. Virtually all providers of telecommunications must file FCC Form 499-A each year.2 These forms are not filed with the FCC but rather with the Universal Service Administrative Company (USAC), which serves as the data collection agent. The pool of filers contained in this edition consists of companies that operated and collected revenue during 2006, as well as new companies that file the form to fulfill the Commission’s registration requirement.3 Information from filings received by USAC after October 16, 2007, and from filings that were incomplete has been excluded from this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Telecommunications Provider Locator
    Telecommunications Provider Locator Industry Analysis & Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau January 2010 This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Information Center at 445 12th Street, S.W., Courtyard Level. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., Portals II, 445 12th Street S.W., Room CY-B402, Washington, D.C. 20554, telephone 800-378-3160, facsimile 202-488-5563, or via e-mail at [email protected]. This report can be downloaded and interactively searched on the Wireline Competition Bureau Statistical Reports Internet site located at www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/locator.html. Telecommunications Provider Locator This report lists the contact information, primary telecommunications business and service(s) offered by 6,493 telecommunications providers. The last report was released March 13, 2009.1 The information in this report is drawn from providers’ Telecommunications Reporting Worksheets (FCC Form 499-A). It can be used by customers to identify and locate telecommunications providers, by telecommunications providers to identify and locate others in the industry, and by equipment vendors to identify potential customers. Virtually all providers of telecommunications must file FCC Form 499-A each year.2 These forms are not filed with the FCC but rather with the Universal Service Administrative Company (USAC), which serves as the data collection agent. The pool of filers contained in this edition consists of companies that operated and collected revenue during 2007, as well as new companies that file the form to fulfill the Commission’s registration requirement.3 Information from filings received by USAC after October 13, 2008, and from filings that were incomplete has been excluded from this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Facing Reality: Agriculture Without the Ogallala Aquifer
    FACING REALITY: AGRICULTURE WITHOUT THE OGALLALA AQUIFER A COMPARITIVE STUDY: THE TEXAS PANHANDLE & WESTERN AUSTRALIAN WHEATBELT Jacob Richter MAG GIS Directed Research Project 13 December 2018 Table of Contents − PROBLEM STATEMENT ................................................................................................... 2 − FORWARD ............................................................................................................................ 3 − INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 4 − BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 5 Texas Panhandle Ogallalla Region .......................................................................................... 5 Ogallala Aquifer ........................................................................................................................ 6 Western Australia Wheatbelt (WAW) .................................................................................... 8 − LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 10 Ogallala Aquifer’s Depletion and Impacts ........................................................................... 10 WAW/TPOR Comparison & Dryland Farming Strategy ................................................... 12 − RESEARCH METHODS...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • From 'Factions' to Attack Ads – a History of American Politics
    From ‘Factions’ to Attack Ads – A History of American Politics Class 4 William A. Reader E-mail: [email protected] What We Will Cover Today • The Impact of Andrew Jackson • Political Conventions & the Nominating Process in Presidential Elections • The 1840 & 1844 Elections • The Mexican War and its consequences • Immigration and the Collapse of the Second Party System • The Coming of the Civil War Key Events of Jackson’s Presidency • The Battle of the Petticoats • Indian Removal • Veto of the Rechartering of the BUS • The Maysville Veto • Resistance to Nullification • Paying off the National Debt • Appointment of 6 Supreme Court justices, including Chief Justice Roger B. Taney • Institution of the Spoils System The Battle of the Petticoats - 1 • Margaret “Peggy” Eaton was the well- educated, vivacious daughter of the owner of the Franklin House, a Washington boarding house • In 1828, Peggy married Senator John Eaton, soon to be Jackson’s Secretary of War • This and Peggy Eaton’s past led Cabinet wives and Washington socialites to snub Mrs Eaton The Battle of the Petticoats - 2 • Jackson had lost his wife, Rachel, months before his inauguration – He blamed her death on the vicious attacks made upon her – He saw Peggy Eaton as an innocent victim of the same type of slanderous allegations • Since Martin Van Buren, a widower and Secretary of State, was kind to Mrs Eaton, he rose in Jackson’s favor The Battle of the Petticoats - 3 • Jackson, who felt that the Vice President had at least tacitly approved of Floride Calhoun’s attack on
    [Show full text]
  • A Biostratigraphic Study of Late Tertiary Freshwater Diatoms from the Ogallala of Western Kansas Steven Blaine Selva Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1976 A biostratigraphic study of late Tertiary freshwater diatoms from the Ogallala of western Kansas Steven Blaine Selva Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Selva, Steven Blaine, "A biostratigraphic study of late Tertiary freshwater diatoms from the Ogallala of western Kansas " (1976). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5801. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5801 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014/033 – Listing of State Assessees
    STATE OF CALIFORNIA BETTY T. YEE STATE BOARD OF EQUALIZATION First District, San Francisco PROPERTY AND SPECIAL TAXES DEPARTMENT SEN. GEORGE RUNNER (RET.) 450 N STREET, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA Second District, Lancaster PO BOX 942879, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 94279-0064 MICHELLE STEEL 1-916 274-3350 FAX 1-916 285-0134 Third District, Orange County www.boe.ca.gov JEROME E. HORTON Fourth District, Los Angeles July 18, 2014 JOHN CHIANG State Controller _______ CYNTHIA BRIDGES Executive Director No. 2014/033 TO COUNTY ASSESSORS AND COUNTY AUDITOR/CONTROLLERS: LISTING OF STATE ASSESSEES Enclosed are two listings of 692 companies whose property is subject to ad valorem tax assessment by the Board of Equalization (Board) for the lien date 2014. The first list is alphabetical by assessee name. The second list is numerical by assessee SBE number. These listings are current as of July 17, 2014. The State-Assessed Properties Division groups the assessees numerically by industry as follows: Industry SBE No. Gas, Electric, Water and Gas Transmission 100 - 199 Local Exchange Telephone Companies 200 - 399 Pipeline Companies 400 - 499 Railcar Maintenance Facilities 500 - 699 Railroad Companies 800 - 899 Electric Generation Facilities 1100 - 1199 Long Distance Telephone Companies 2000 - 2499 Wireless Telephone Companies 2500 - 3999 Long Distance Telephone Companies 7500 - 8999 Wireless Telephone Companies D001 - D999 Electric Generation Facilities E001 - E999 Long Distance Telephone Companies P001 - P999 Long Distance Telephone Companies Q001 - Q999 Long Distance Telephone Companies R001 - R999 The property of these companies is subject to state assessment pursuant to section 721 and section 721.5 of the Revenue and Taxation Code and section 19 of Article XIII of the California Constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • Thematic Survey of Historic Barns in Northwestern Oklahoma
    Thematic Survey of Historic Barns in Northwestern Oklahoma Alfalfa, Beaver, Cimarron, Ellis, Garfield, Grant, Harper, Kay, Major, Noble, Texas, Woods, and Woodward Counties Prepared for: OKLAHOMA HISTORICAL SOCIETY State Historic Preservation Office Oklahoma History Center 800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105-7914 Prepared by: Brad A. Bays, Ph.D. Department of Geography 337 Murray Hall Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-4073 1 Acknowledgment of Support The activity that is the subject of [type of publication] has been financed [in part/entirely] with Federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior. (Note that only relevant portions of the required statement need to be applied and should be used as appropriate depending on the content of the publications; e.g., if there are no commercial products, then that part of the statement can be omitted.) Nondiscrimination Statement This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act or 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability, or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity National Park Service 1849 C Street, N.W.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Mexico Constitution Meets the “Facts on the Ground” by Mark Thompson
    The New Mexico Constitution Meets the “Facts On The Ground” By Mark Thompson The next time you are heading up U.S. 84 to Chromo, Colorado, That part of the southern boundary in the Organic Act using 32° stop at the state line and with your trusty GPS see what it says for N was part of the Texas compromise and it went west to the “main the degree of latitude north of the Equator. Then compare that channel” of the Rio Grande. From there, however, it was a guessing with the “legal description” in Article I of the pocket edition of the game, the result of the mess created by the Treaty of Guadalupe Constitution of the State of New Mexico, which you always carry for Hidalgo, a whole other story. One result of the Gadsden Treaty was the purpose of instantly settling disputes. Or perhaps when you to set a point in the river at 31° 47´ N and then extend the boundary are heading for Texline, Texas, on U.S. 87, stop at the state line west from that point.7 But that meant following the channel from to compare your GPS reading of the meridian, i.e. the degrees of those two parallels and, surprise, the river changed course. The solu- longitude west of Greenwich, England, with the Constitution’s legal tion, expressed in the Constitution, was to modify the description description of the eastern border. What gives? to use the main channel “as it existed” on Sept. 9, 1850, the date of adoption of the Organic Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Mid-Continental Magnetic Declination: a 200-Year Record Starting with Lewis and Clark Robert E
    Mid-continental magnetic declination: A 200-year record starting with Lewis and Clark Robert E. Criss, p. 4 North-Central Section Meeting, p. 44 Call for Committee Service, p. 46 Call for Nominations, GSA Awards and Medals, p. 49 VOLUME 13, NUMBER 10 OCTOBER 2003 Cover: Part of the map resulting from the Lewis GSA TODAY publishes news and information for more than and Clark expedition of 1803-1806, showing 17,000 GSA members and subscribing libraries. GSA Today the Rocky Mountains, the confluence of the lead science articles should present the results of exciting new Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers, and other research or summarize and synthesize important problems or geographic features (map copied in 1814 by issues, and they must be understandable to all in the earth science community. Submit manuscripts to science editors Samuel Lewis from William Clark’s original Keith A. Howard, [email protected], or Gerald M. Ross, drawing). Instrument is an octant. Right: [email protected]. William Clark’s Whitney pocket compass. Map GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) is published 11 and compass images courtesy of the Library of times per year, monthly, with a combined April/May issue, by The Congress, Geography and Map Division. See Geological Society of America, Inc., with offices at 3300 Penrose “Mid-continental magnetic declination: A 200- Place, Boulder, Colorado. Mailing address: P.O. Box 9140, year record starting with Lewis and Clark,” by Boulder, CO 80301-9140, U.S.A. Periodicals postage paid at Boulder, Colorado, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Robert E.
    [Show full text]