REPORT RESUMES UD 006 002 ED'020 215 ADDRESSES ADAPTED FROM THE 24THANNUAL INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS (FISK UNIVERSITY, AMISTADRESEARCH CENTER AND RACE RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, NASHVILLE,TENNESSEE). BY- SHERRY, P.H., ED. PUB DATE DEC 67 EDRS PRICE MF -$0.25 HC -$0.84 19P. DESCRIPTORS- *CIVIL RIGHTS, *NEGROES,*ECONOMIC PROGRESS, *SOCIAL CHANGE, *POLITICAL POWER, ECONOMICOPPORTUNITIES, GHETTOS, BLACK COMMUNITY, RACERELATIONS, SUMMER INSTITUTES, FISK UNIVERSITY THIS JOURNALCONTAINS SPEECHES ON RACE RELATIONS AND THE NEGRO'S STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL POWER.WHITNEY YOUNG DISCUSSES "THE SEARCH FOR LIBERALS" WHOWILL NOT SACK DOWN WHEN CONFRONTED BY ANGRY NEGRO DEMANDS FORINDEPENDENCE AND EQUALITY. BAYARD RUSTIN ANALYZES TRENDSIN THE CIVIL RIGHTS' MOVEMENT AND CONCLUDES THAT THE MOVEMENT'SCURRENT FOCUS IS ON ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE FOR THENEGRO AND THE ELIMINATION OF POVERTY. "POLITICAL POWER ANC SOCIALREFORM IN THE GHETTO" IS THE TOPIC OF A SPEECH BY PAUL L.PURYEAR. FINALLY, IN AN EDITORIAL BY CLIFTON H. JOHNSON,"HUMAN RELATIONS FRONTIERS"' ARE DISCUSSED. THIS DOCUMENT ISTHE "COUNCIL JOURNAL," VOLUME 6, NUMBER 3, DECEMBER 1967. (1.0) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINION STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION EDITORIAL POSITION OR POLICY. JOURNAL HUMAN Published Monthly Except July by The RELATIONS CouncilForHigherEducation, The Division of Higher Education and The American Missionary Association, The UnitedChurchBoardForHomeland Ministries,United Church of Christ, FRONTIERS Clifton H. Johnson 287 Park Avenue South, New York, New York 10010. W. A. Hotchkiss, General Secretary Director Amistad Research Center Division of Higher Education & Race Relations Department P. H. Sherry, Executive Secretary United Church of Christ & Editor W. Q. Mart, II, AMA Consultant & Photographer Designed and Published for the Council by The Institute of Public Relations, The founding of the Annual Institute of Race Relations at Fisk University, in Inc. Office of Publication: The 1944, was a reaffirmation of the historical commitment of the American Mis- JOURNAL, Todd Hill Road, Lakeside, and behavior Conn. 06758. sionary Association of the belief that the development of attitudes necessary to the improvement of humanrelations is amenable to the processes of Second -class postage paid at Lakeside, Conn. 06758. education. The Institute had its beginning at a time when wartime idealism and the rising expectations of American minority groups were combiningwith dislocations, The Council For Higher Education relocations, fear, hysteria and frustrations to force a reappraisal of the American R. T. Fauth, Chairman D. C. Kleckner, Vice Chairman creed which has produced a revolution in race relations in the United States. During H. H. Long, Secretary the years, the Institute has endeavored to serve and shape that revolution by finding K. Spalding, Treasurer constructive theories on which to base programs of reform and atthe same time pro- mote understanding to relieve the tensions of change. The Twenty-fourth Annual Institute, held this year from June 26 to July 8, registered 161 participants who came from twenty-six American states and fromabroad. The Vol. 6, No. 3 December 1967 theme "Human Relations Frontiers ..." was developed by twenty-four lecturers and in three clinics devoted to studying the problems of church and race,employment IN THIS ISSUE: opportunities for minority groups, and community action. Theunderlying premise ADDRESSES ADAPTED FROM of all discussion was that America in 1967 is moving from the phase of the human JTHE 24TH ANNUAL INSTITUTE rights revolution in which the emphasis was on civil rights to a phase which demands OF RACE RELATIONS more far reaching social changethan most Americans ever anticipated would be ,) Amistad Research Center necessary to correct the racial injusticesof our society. The civil rights phase of the & Race Relations Department revolution has affected the lives of only a few Negroes and other minority-group at individuals because the overwhelming majority of them aretoo poor to take advantage Fisk University of the public facilities it has desegregated. While the legal structure of Jim Crow has Nashville, Tennessee been destroyed, inequality of opportunity remains a reality throughout America. There- fore the goals of the phase of the human rights revolution in which we now find our- VHUMAN RELATIONS FRONTIERS An Editorial selves must be equal economic opportunity, integrated and quality education, open Clifton H. Johnson housing for all, and better housing for the poor. During the two weeks they were together, the Institute participants sought to get at FUNDING FULL CITIZENSHIP the factsnecessaryfor an evaluation of old methods and the formulation of the new Bayard Rustin strategies'and techniques required in dealing with the complex socio-economic prob- lems of kiday. Recognizing that moral concern and goodwill alone are not sufficient for producing the required social changes, a major interest was the exploration of the POWER AND possible means by which a national political commitment might be forged for pro- (,,JREFORM Paul L. Puryear viding the economic resources for eliminating poverty and making quality education and decent housing available for all citizens. The assumption that the changes could EARCH FOR LIBERALS result only from a national commitment was a rejection of the various separatist Whitney M. Young, Jr. movements of today which are challenging the basic principlesof Christian brother- hood and American democracy. In the final analysis, the Institute of Race Relations COVER: 'America's Mood Today" Richard R. Benda has never been primarily concerned with race or with minorities but with the future of Chicago, Illinois our nation and of man. 444 FUNDING FULL CITIZENSHIP Bayard Bustin Executive Director A. Philip Randolph Institute theaters, I want to do three things: first, to analyze the meritsof longer true! The battles for open accommodations, open 4- the contention that the civil rights movement isdead or open libraries, open swimmingpools essentially have been in confusion; second, on the basisof that analysis, to point up won. We are nowconfronted nationwide with problems of how and why the problem of civil rights haschanged in the housing, schools, and jobs, which, although mostgrievously last five years; and third, if the premises which arise outof affecting the Negro, affect also the 67 percentof the poor in has points one and two are defensible,what should be the direction this country who happen to be white. This new situation dealing with prob- of our future strategies. obvious strategic implications. When one is Since the founding of the NAACP in 1909, wehave gone lems which exclusively affect the Negro,then protest can do through three distinctly different periods. The firstand longest two things:it can call attention to and candestroy an evil period, which I shall henceforth refer to as thefirst period, ran simultaneously. When enough young Negroes and theirwhite from 1909 to 1954; the second period ranfrom 1955 to 1965; allies willingly sat and sat and sat at lunch counters,in swim- the third period we are just entering. I shallrefer, therefore, to ming pools, at libraries, in parks,if they had courage, per- the period from 1965 to the present as the currentperiod. Need- severance, and thewillingness to go to jail, they accomplished less to say, when one is evolving strategyand tactics, the their goals. But there is no way that any massof people, short tactician is aware that a division intothree periods is funda- of revolution, can deal with the problems of housing orschools mentally an analytical tool to determine direction;he knows or jobs through protest.Protest can call attention to the fact that in actual fact these periods overlap. But he mustbe aware that an evil exists but it cannot bring forth new institutions. of the center of gravity in order that both tacticsand strategy asked average will be dearly understood. Second: In the middle period, if you had In period number one, from the foundingof the NAACP intelligent Americans, "What is the most crucialsocial problem until 1954, the single fundamental objective was toestablish America faces?", most would have said: "Civilrights." Today, equal. The however, the same individuals are apt to reply: "VietNam." in the courts that "separate and equal" was not made the protest leadership of the NAACP permitted nothing todeter it from The national consensus and dynamic which going into court to file brief uponbrief until the 1954 decision movement meaningful hasdisappeared. It is not a question of established under law that any form of segregation was un- "backlash," as some would have us believe. It is abasic psycho- constitutional. If the symbol of the first period was alawyer logical change, and any responsible strategistbetter under- with a brief case going into court, thesymbol of the middle stand this clearly. period was people marching in the streets. There is afunda- who got mental relationship between these twoperiods, because no Third: In the middle period he who walked most, arrested most, who was brutalized most, had to emerge as a effective protest could have occurredMontgomerycould not have occurred; Selma could not have occurred;the sit-ins common and centralsymbol of the movement and that was Court decision Martin Luther King. This is at an end becauseneither Dr. could not have occurredhad not the Supreme become of 1954 been the platform which freed the Negropeople and King nor anyone else in Americablack or whitecan their white allies to protest. The year 1965marked the end of the symbol for the newer period of political struggle intowhich this second period and the beginning of thethirdthe period we are moving. I do not mean totake any credit away from living in a different of politics. I want to analyze why this has occurredand why Dr. King, whom I adore. We simply are the second period is at an end. time. In the middle period,identity of interest was manifest.