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Memorium of Don Merton Xi Foreword Xix Preface Xxiii Reintroduction Biology Conservation Science and Practice Series Published in association with the Zoological Society of London Wiley-Blackwell and the Zoological Society of London are proud to present our Conservation Science and Practice series. Each book in the series reviews a key issue in conservation today. We are particularly keen to publish books that address the multidisciplinary aspects of conservation, looking at how biological scientists and ecologists are interacting with social scientists to effect long-term, sustainable conservation measures. Books in the series can be single or multi-authored and proposals should be sent to: Ward Cooper, Senior Commissioning Editor, Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Email: [email protected] Each book proposal will be assessed by independent academic referees, as well as our Series Editorial Panel. Members of the Panel include: Richard Cowling, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa John Gittleman, Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, USA Andrew Knight, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Georgina Mace, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, UK Daniel Pauly, University of British Columbia, Canada Stuart Pimm, Duke University, USA Hugh Possingham, University of Queensland, Australia Peter Raven,Missouri Botanical Gardens, USA Helen Regan, University of California, Riverside, USA Alex Rogers, Institute of Zoology, London, UK Michael Samways, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Nigel Stork, University of Melbourne, Australia Previously published Trade-offs in Conservation: Deciding What to Recreational Hunting, Conservation and Rural Save Livelihoods: Science and Practice Edited by Nigel Leader-Williams, William M. Edited by Barney Dickson, Jonathan Hutton and Adams and Robert J. Smith Bill Adams ISBN: 978-1-4051–9383-2 Paperback; ISBN: ISBN: 978-1-4051–6785–7 Paperback; ISBN: 978-1-4051–9384–9 Hardcover; 398 pages; 978-1-4051–9142–5 Hardcover; 384 pages; September 2010 March 2009 Urban Biodiversity and Design Participatory Research in Conservation and Edited by Norbert Muller,¨ Peter Werner and Rural Livelihoods: Doing Science Together John G. Kelcey Edited by Louise Fortmann ISBN: 978-1-4443–3267-4 Paperback; ISBN ISBN: 978-1-4051–7679-8 Paperback; 316 pages; 978-1-4443–3266–7 Hardcover; 640 pages; April October 2008 2010 Bushmeat and Livelihoods: Wildlife Wild Rangelands: Conserving Wildlife While Management and Poverty Reduction Maintaining Livestock in Semi-Arid Edited by Glyn Davies and David Brown Ecosystems ISBN: 978-1-4051-6779-6 Paperback; 288 pages; Edited by Johan T. du Toit, Richard Kock and December 2007 James C. Deutsch Managing and Designing Landscapes for ISBN: 978-1-4051–7785–6 Paperback; ISBN Conservation: Moving from Perspectives to 978-1-4051–9488-4 Hardcover; 424 pages; Principles January 2010 Edited by David Lindenmayer and Richard Reintroduction of Top-Order Predators Hobbs Edited by Matt W. Hayward and Michael J. ISBN: 978-1-4051-5914-2 Paperback; 608 pages; Somers December 2007 ISBN: 978-1-4051–7680–4 Paperback; ISBN: 978-1-4051–9273–6 Hardcover; 480 pages; April 2009 Conservation Science and Practice Series Reintroduction Biology: Integrating Science and Management Edited by John G. Ewen, Doug P. Armstrong, Kevin A. Parker and Philip J. Seddon A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication This edition first published 2012, © 2012 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered office: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic forms. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data has been applied for. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDF 9781444355802; Wiley Online Library 9781444355833; ePub 9781444355819; Mobi 9781444355826 Set in 10.5/12.5 pt Minion by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India 1 2012 Contents Contributors vii Memorium of Don Merton xi Foreword xix Preface xxiii 1. Animal Translocations: What Are They and Why Do We Do Them? 1 Philip J. Seddon, W. Maartin Strauss and John Innes 2. A Tale of Two Islands: The Rescue and Recovery of Endemic Birds in New Zealand and Mauritius 33 Carl G. Jones and Don V. Merton 3. Selecting Suitable Habitats for Reintroductions: Variation, Change and the Role of Species Distribution Modelling 73 Patrick E. Osborne and Philip J. Seddon 4. The Theory and Practice of Catching, Holding, Moving and Releasing Animals 105 Kevin A. Parker, Molly J. Dickens, Rohan H. Clarke and Tim G. Lovegrove 5. Dispersal and Habitat Selection: Behavioural and Spatial Constraints for Animal Translocations 138 Pascaline Le Gouar, Jean-Baptiste Mihoub and Franc¸ois Sarrazin 6. Modelling Reintroduced Populations: The State of the Art and Future Directions 165 Doug P. Armstrong and Michelle H. Reynolds 7. Monitoring for Reintroductions 223 James D. Nichols and Doug P. Armstrong vi Contents 8. Adaptive Management of Reintroduction 256 Michael A. McCarthy, Doug P. Armstrong and Michael C. Runge 9. Empirical Consideration of Parasites and Health in Reintroduction 290 John G. Ewen, Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse, Maurice R. Alley, Claudia Carraro, Anthony W. Sainsbury, Kirsty Swinnerton and Rosie Woodroffe 10. Methods of Disease Risk Analysis for Reintroduction Programmes 336 Anthony W. Sainsbury, Doug P. Armstrong and John G. Ewen 11. The Genetics of Reintroductions: Inbreeding and Genetic Drift 360 Lukas F. Keller, Iris Biebach, Steven R. Ewing and Paquita E.A. Hoeck 12. Genetic Consequences of Reintroductions and Insights from Population History 395 Jim J. Groombridge, Claire Raisin, Rachel Bristol and David S. Richardson 13. Managing Genetic Issues in Reintroduction Biology 441 Ian G. Jamieson and Robert C. Lacy 14. Summary 476 Philip J. Seddon, Doug P. Armstrong, Kevin A. Parker and John G. Ewen Index 483 Contributors Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom and Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76 230, Mexico. Email: karina.acevedo. [email protected] Maurice R. Alley, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, PB 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Email: [email protected] Doug P. Armstrong, Ecology Building 624, Massey University, PB 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Email: [email protected] Iris Biebach, Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich,¨ Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich,¨ Switzer- land. Email: [email protected] Rachel Bristol, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Kent CT2 7NR, United Kingdom and Nature Seychelles, PO Box 1310, Victoria, Mahe,´ Republic of Seychelles. Email: [email protected] Claudia Carraro, Facolta` di Medicina Veterinaria, Dipartimento di Scienze Sperimentali Veterinarie, Universita` degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italia. Email: [email protected] Rohan H. Clarke, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Mel- bourne, Victoria 3800, Australia. Email: [email protected] Molly J. Dickens, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege,` 1 avenue de l’Hopitalˆ (Bat. B36), B-4000 Liege,` Belgium. Email: molly.dickens@ ulg.ac.be John G. Ewen, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom. Email: [email protected] StevenR.Ewing, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, United Kingdom. Email: [email protected] JimJ.Groombridge, Durrell Institute
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