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Acting the Nation
Acting the Nation Women on the Stage and in the Audience of Theatre in the Late Ottoman Empire and Early Turkish Republic Cora Skylstad TYR 4590 – Master’s thesis in Turkish Studies Area Studies of Asia, the Middle East and Africa Department of Cultural Studies and Oriental Languages UNIVERSITY OF OSLO October 2010 ii iii Abstract In the first decades of the 20th century, the public position of actresses underwent a radical transformation in Turkey. While the acting profession had long been commonly regarded as unsuitable for Muslim women and had been monopolized by women belonging to the non- Muslim minorities, in the 1920s the Muslim actress was not only legitimized but in fact embraced by the state as a model for Turkish women. In the works of Turkish and Ottoman theatre history, the emergence of Muslim actresses has been given some attention, but it has not been studied from a critical perspective inspired by theoretical questions. Moreover, the process of legitimization of Muslim women as theatre audience, which took place prior to the legitimization of the actresses, has been ignored. The present thesis seeks to develop a better understanding of these developments by approaching them as part of social and political history, while drawing inspiration from an interdisciplinary field of scholarship on gender and theatre. The time period studied begins with the late era of the Ottoman Empire and ends with the early years of the Turkish Republic, covering a time span of more than fifty years. In order to capture the complexities of the subject, a wide array of written sources, including memoirs, interviews, theatre reviews, books and a theatre play, are included in the analysis. -
= Mühim Bir Hadise
Şimdiye kadar memleket İspanyada grevin muvaffak haricine milyonlarca döviz ka olmadığı anlaşılıyor. Dün çır an bir şebeke efradı yakayı Madritte sadece iki gazete ele verdi. neşredildi. :Sahip ve Batmuharriri : Siirt Meb'uııu MAHMUT Tel. { P.1üdür: 24318. Yazı itleri müdürü: 24319. 9 uncu sene No. 2907 ÇARŞAMBA 14 MART 1934 • Jdare •• Matbaa : 24310. Silah yarışı • • • Bir hırMtan clnletfer aa ı ımda silalı Başvekil ilk e r mes,,.. esını çıkç a t "''·-me müzııkereleri devam ederken, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~·-.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- diğer tarak.on da sililılanma yanıı bat· la.iuı görünüyor. lngiltere, Fransa ve Amerika, 1934 aenesi zarfıoda "milli bıÜdafaa" namı a1tmda ordu, donanma ''Meseleyi cesaretle, hakikati olduğu gibi görerek \re hava kuvvetleri için ayırdııldarı tah•İ aatı Millet Mecliılerine tevdi etmişleT· dir. mütalea etmek ve memlekete bildirmek vazifemizdir,, Tllhıisıı.tlann her rııkamında bir lazlalık 6lduğu iddia edilebilir. Bilhuaa donan· ..... ve hava kuvvetleri için ayrılan tah· f"aatlardaki fazlalık nazarı dikkati cel· ı111111111111111111111111111uıııııııııııı11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111uıııııııııııııııııııııımııııuıııııııııııııııııııııııııı~ ı· Ik d . h kk d ı· loııdiyor. lngilterenin altı aeneden beri en yiİI<· •..ı. milli müdafaa bütçeoidir. Deniz, ka = T·· k. ·ı · d - te rısat a ın a smet ~· ve han kuvvetleri için 1934 aenesin ur ıye ı e unanıstan arasın a == p F k d b t Je aarfedilecek para, yüz yirmi mrlyon lngiliz Jiraıma yaklll§ıyor. Bunun aıağı - k .. ere mı· ? = aşanın ır a a eyana 'YUkan, yamı donanmaya ıarfedilecek. ~~ye kalan altmıı milyonun da üçte as e apı ıyor. .. İkisi orduya Ye Üçte biri havaya tahsiı edilecelııtir. Gerçi Waşington ve Londra Misakın Yunan meclisinde İnüna- Tetkikat yapmak uzere Fırkada bir d~niz 111üları mukaveleleri, lngiltere "!n 1936 -.i sonuna kadar daha ge - k k b - komisyon teşkiline "~f _ınikyaeta harp gemisi yapmasına ma ";'dir. -
Ufukta Bizi Tehdid Eden Bir Hadise Yoktur!
CUMA TAN EVi Casetecilik, MatLaacılık, ICliıecilik Okuyucularımızı TELEFON ı Z4318, %4319, 24310. 29 TELGRAF ı T A N , l.taabal 1000 Liraya MAYIS lKlNCl YIL No. !9L 1936 5 KURUŞ Sigorta Ediyoruz GÜNDELiK GAZETE Ufukta bizi tehdid eden bir hadise yoktur! ismet lnönu muhim bir nutuk söyledi Askeri tatbikat Müdafaa vasıtalarımızı fennin en yeni Atatürk uçaklarımızıft gece hareketlerini icatlarına göre teçhiz etmekteyiz ! yakınd~n takip ettiler Umumi müvazene İstanbul, 28 (A.A.) - Harp akademisi tarafından Eğer ufkun arkasında görmediğimiz yapılan ve 2 8 mayıs sabahı başlayan tümen tatbikatı es Kanun Mecliste nasında bilhassa tayyarecilerin gece harekatını takip et tehlike varsa ondan da korkmuyoruz mek üzere Reisicümhur Atatürk 28 mayıs saat 24 te tat dün ittifakla bikat sahasını teşrif etmişler ve harekatı takibe başla mışlardır. Meclis itti/akla hükumete itimadını bildirdi kabul edildi hkara, 28 (A.A.) -Kamutay bu na getirdiğimiz eser, hakiki manasiy tun Abdülhalik Rendanm başkanh le tam ve mütevazin bir bütçedir. fında yaptığı toplantıda 1936 bütçe• - Arkadaşlar , bilhassa son sene ltalya, Türkiye ve Yunanistan •lnin müzakeresini bitirmiştir. Bu mü lerde biltün dünyanın geçirdiği iktı nasebetle söz alan Başbakan !smet sadi şartlar yüzünden meydana çı ile olan dostluk misakına lnönU aşağıdaki beyanatta bulun • kan ve bütçe muvazenesi kadar mü• !nuştur: him olan diğer bir amil, döviz muva hürmet etmek kararındadır Arkadaşlar, zenesi vardır. Biz, gerek bütçede ve Londra, 28 (A.A.) - Daily Teleg Devlet hizmetlerinin tatbik oluna gerek mali siyasetimizde döviz mu raf gazetesinin muhabiri ile bir ko takları sahayı gösteren bütçe müza• vazenesini ciddi bir surette temin et nuşma ynpan Mussolini ezcümle şun keresi sona ermiştir. Vekil arkadaş mek için çok kayıtlı bulunuyoruz. -
Yarın: Muhakemesi B~Gün Eona Ermiıtir
Yirmi yedinci yıl No. 7350 Cumartesi 6 Teşrinisani 937 Jap.on gençleri, Tokyoda lngiliz sefa· rethanesi önOnde nümayiş y~ptılare Şanhhay, 5 (Radyo) - Dün Sanghay, 5 (Radyo) - (Su· gece sabaha kadar devam eden çeo) nehrinin öbür sahıline geç• şiddetli ve büyük bir muhare mek istiyen Japonlar, Çin top nıi lisanile böyle bir talebi iler~ Berlin, 5 (Radyo) - Tokyo- Oral ve Tıansiberyen demir· '""\ beden sonra Japon kuvvetleri, çularının şiddetli hücumuna ma sürmemiş, müstemleke taleplerı dan alınan haberlere göre, dış yolları, asker ve mühimmat se~- Sevid Rıza Çin cebhesini yarmışlar ve So ruz kaldıklarından gerilemişlerdir. ikinci derecedeki şahısların ağ· Mongolistanda gece gündüz Rus kiyatile meşguldür. Bu iki hatte, 'J çeo nehrinin öte ta r afına geç• Bu hücum neticesinde Japon zmda veyahut gazete sütunla- kuvvetlen tahşid edilmektedir. - Sonu 70 unca sa/ti/ede - ·Ve arkadaflarının meğe muvaffak olmuşlardır. - Sonu 1O uncu sayfada • rmda gevelenip durmuştur. Almanlar pratik adamlar olduk 9 lar konferansı idamları istendi ları için Versay muahedesile el· letanbul, !l (Roıu•i) - Seyid lerinden alman bütün haklarını Rıza 11ergerdeai ile arkadaılannıo Yarın: muhakemesi b~gün eona ermiıtir. birden istemek gibi çıkmaz bir Müddeiumumi iddiaoameıioi yola girmekten kemalidikkatle okumuı ve Seyid Rıza ile arkadao ictinap ettiler. Geçenlerde Bay lanoıo idamlanoı ietemiıur. Maç ve güreşler var ~~~~---~~~~- Mussoliniye atfen ileri 6Ürülen K o nfar an s, Salı günü tekrar toplanacak ve Sergerdeler ikinci celııede mfl· muvaffakıyet sımna tamamile dafaalanoı yapmışlar ve bermutad Güreşlerde iki Yunanlı ile iki uyarak istiyeceklerini hep birer Japonyanın vereceği cevabı tetkik edecektir. kaodınldıklarım aöylemiılerdir. Mahkemenin, pazarteıi giloü birer istediler ve onu isterken - miyerek, konferanstan ayrılaca karan tefhim edeceği ıöyleniyor. Türk pehlivanı karşılaşacak! ğını bildirmiştir. -
Lspanyada Bir Hadise / Emir Abdullah Isfanbuf Da / Hükümetci Tayyareler Dün Almanların Doyçland Zırhlısına Bom.Ha Attılar
HER YERDE PAZARTESi s 31 KURUŞ Mayıs 18 inci Yd 1937 Tel: Başmuharrir 1063 No. 5689 A D 1 M 1 Z, ANDIMIZDl ·R Yazı İşleri Müd. 1062 lspanyada bir hadise / Emir Abdullah isfanbuf da / Hükümetci tayyareler dün Almanların Doyçland zırhlısına bom.ha attılar ismet inönü at ı Yirmi beş kişinin öldüğü ve yarışlarında yirmi kişinin de ağır surette yaralandığı bildiriliyor Emir Abdu/lah dün lstanbulda kendisini kar!jılıyanlar ve vali Ostündağla ~rabft Valansigaga göre ilk taarruzu Maverayi şeria emiri Dogçland zırhlısı yapmıştır Berlin, 30 "(A.A.) - Alman ajansı bildiriyor: bugün Ankaraya geliyor Şimdiye kadar emsali görülmem it ve inanılması güç bir hadise ol muştur. Bolşevik İspanyol tayyare! eri hiçbir sebeb olmaksızın bir al man harb gemisini bombardıman et mişlerdir. Bu gemi ispa·nyol sahi Emir Abdullah A tatürke ve linde demirli bulunuyordu. Bu bom bardımaın neticesinde 20 alman bahriyelisi ölmüştür. Alman hüküm eti bu hadise hakkında aşağıdaki türkigege hayranlığını anlatıyor deklarasyonu neşretmiştir: İstanbul, 30 (Telefonla) - Maverayı Şeria hükümdarı Abdullah ''Daha birkaç gün evel bolşe- s=~ bu sabah Semplon ekspresiyle Avrupadan tehrimize gelmitler •• vik İspanyol tayyareleri Palma li 8. incide Maverayişeria ve türk bayraklariyle süslenmit olan istasyonda lıtan manında demirli bulunan İngiliz, bul valisi Üstündağ fstanbul kumandam korgeneral Halis ve diğer Dünkü at ;yarrşlan çok giz.el geç• alman ve İtalyan gemilerinin üze• birçok amirallar, generallar, emniyet direktörü Salih Kılıç, vilayet ve miştir. Baş Bahanımrz ismet lnönü de Günec: ve açık rine bombalar atmıtlar ve bir ital· belediye muavinleri, mülki ve askeri rical ve daha birçok zevat tara· ;yarışlarda bulunmuştur. Yarlflara aiJ yan gemisinde aJtı subayı öldür• hl!_~~n1n faydası fından karşılanmışlardır. -
Iran Chamber of Commerce,Industries and Mines Date : 2008/01/26 Page: 1
Iran Chamber Of Commerce,Industries And Mines Date : 2008/01/26 Page: 1 Activity type: Exports , State : Tehran Membership Id. No.: 11020060 Surname: LAHOUTI Name: MEHDI Head Office Address: .No. 4, Badamchi Alley, Before Galoubandak, W. 15th Khordad Ave, Tehran, Tehran PostCode: PoBox: 1191755161 Email Address: [email protected] Phone: 55623672 Mobile: Fax: Telex: Membership Id. No.: 11020741 Surname: DASHTI DARIAN Name: MORTEZA Head Office Address: .No. 114, After Sepid Morgh, Vavan Rd., Qom Old Rd, Tehran, Tehran PostCode: PoBox: Email Address: Phone: 0229-2545671 Mobile: Fax: 0229-2546246 Telex: Membership Id. No.: 11021019 Surname: JOURABCHI Name: MAHMOUD Head Office Address: No. 64-65, Saray-e-Park, Kababiha Alley, Bazar, Tehran, Tehran PostCode: PoBox: Email Address: Phone: 5639291 Mobile: Fax: 5611821 Telex: Membership Id. No.: 11021259 Surname: MEHRDADI GARGARI Name: EBRAHIM Head Office Address: 2nd Fl., No. 62 & 63, Rohani Now Sarai, Bazar, Tehran, Tehran PostCode: PoBox: 14611/15768 Email Address: [email protected] Phone: 55633085 Mobile: Fax: Telex: Membership Id. No.: 11022224 Surname: ZARAY Name: JAVAD Head Office Address: .2nd Fl., No. 20 , 21, Park Sarai., Kababiha Alley., Abbas Abad Bazar, Tehran, Tehran PostCode: PoBox: Email Address: Phone: 5602486 Mobile: Fax: Telex: Iran Chamber Of Commerce,Industries And Mines Center (Computer Unit) Iran Chamber Of Commerce,Industries And Mines Date : 2008/01/26 Page: 2 Activity type: Exports , State : Tehran Membership Id. No.: 11023291 Surname: SABBER Name: AHMAD Head Office Address: No. 56 , Beside Saray-e-Khorram, Abbasabad Bazaar, Tehran, Tehran PostCode: PoBox: Email Address: Phone: 5631373 Mobile: Fax: Telex: Membership Id. No.: 11023731 Surname: HOSSEINJANI Name: EBRAHIM Head Office Address: .No. -
Music and Cultural Memory: a Case Study with the Diaspora from Turkey in Berlin
Music and Cultural Memory: A Case Study with the Diaspora from Turkey in Berlin Submitted by Pinar Güran to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology In May 2014 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ………………………………………………………….. Abstract This thesis explores the relationship of music and cultural memory in a migrant community, namely the Turkish diaspora in Berlin, Germany, and the changing patterns of music consumption within generations. Music is a significant agent that helps communities bridge the past and present time and place and carries the material that is used to create cultural memories for communities. This research attempts to put forward how music, as a part of our daily lives, is a part of the social arrangements that structure the operations of memory. In the context of modern diaspora, this study looks at the role of music in producing and shaping cultural memory in Berlin with the community with ties to Turkey, and how it is practiced by three different generations in the Turkish diaspora who experience music as a socially constructive element. The study also considers the extent that Turkish cultural heritage and identity is transmitted via music to the third generation, who were born and raised in Germany, examining the narrative of ‘Turkishness’ being woven into the music production of the third generation Turks. -
Nioec-Vls-00-01(2)
(NIOEC-VLS-00-01(2 2015 ربماتپس 1. MECHANICAL 24 1.1.1 VESSELS& TANKS 24 1.1.2 VESSELS/ DRUM 24 1.1.3 TOWER/ COLUMN 28 1.1.4 PROCESS VESSEL PACKAGES 31 1.1.5 TRAYS & INTERNALS 31 1.1.5.1 TRAYS & PACKING 32 1.1.5.2 INTERNALS 32 1.1.5.3 REGENERATOR INTERNALS 33 1.1.6 REACTOR (HEAVY WALL) 33 1.1.7 REACTOR (THK.<40MM & ID.<=4M) 35 1.1.8 STORAGE TANK(FLOATING & FIXED ROOF) & MISC ATMOSPHERIC TANKS 36 1.1.8.1 TANK SEALING 38 1.1.8.2 EMERGENCY & RIMVENTS 39 1.1.8.3 TANK HEATER 39 1.1.8.4 ROOF DRAIN SYSTEM 39 1.1.8.5 ROOF SEAL SYSTEM 40 1.1.8.6 DOUBLE WALL STORAGE TANK 40 1.1.9 SPHERE TANK 40 1 (NIOEC-VLS-00-01(2 2015 ربماتپس 1.1.10 DISH 40 1.2 HEAT EXCHANGERS 41 1.2.1 EXCHANGER (SHELL & TUBE) 41 1.2.2 TUBULAR TURBINE CONDENSERS 45 1.2.3 PLATE EXCHANGER 45 1.2.4 DOUBLE PIPE EXCHANGERS 46 1.2.5 AIR COOLED EXCHANGER(AIR FIN EXCHANGER) 46 1.2.6 HIGH TEMPERATURE SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER 48 1.3 HEATERS & BOILERS 48 1.3.1 FIRED HEATER/HYDROGEN REFORMER 48 1.3.1.1 DIRECT FIRE AIR HEATERS 49 1.3.1.2 BURNER 49 1.3.1.3 REFRACTORY LINING 49 1.3.2 INERT GAS GENERATOR 50 1.3.2.1 BY COMBUSTION 50 1.3.2.2 BY AIR SEPARATION 50 1.3.3 SULFUR REACTION FURNACE & ASSOCIATED W.H.B 50 1.3.4 INCINERATORS 51 1.3.5 AIRPREHEATER START UP HEATER 51 2 (NIOEC-VLS-00-01(2 2015 ربماتپس 1.3.5.1 GAS PREHEATER/ AIR PREHEATER 52 1.3.6 ELECTRIC HEATERS 52 1.3.7 UTILITIES BOILERS 53 1.3.7.1 HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR(HRSG)/WASTE HEAT BOILER 54 1.4 PUMPS & TURBINES 54 1.4.1 CENTRIFUGAL WATER PUMP 55 1.4.2 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP (API & NON API) 56 1.4.3 SEA WATER LIFT PUMPS 57 1.4.4 PUMP-PROPORTIONING 58 1.4.4.1 LIQUID RING VACUUM PUMPS 58 1.4.4.2 SUBMERGED PUMPS 59 1.4.4.3 BOILER FEED WATER PUMPS 59 1.4.4.4 HEAVY DUTY IND. -
Economic and Social Councu
UNITED NATIONS Economic and Social Distr. GENERAL CouncU E/CN.4/1991/35 13 February 1991 i <* r. c T! '"> i ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH/FRENCH/ SPANISH ft ' COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Forty-seventh session Agenda item 12 QUESTION OF THE VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS IN ANY PART OF THE WORLD, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO COLONIAL AND OTHER DEPENDENT COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES Report on the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran by the Special Representative of the Commission on Human Rights, Mr. Reynaldo Galindo Pohl. pursuant to Commission resolution 1990/79 GE.91-10587/2898B E/CN.4/1991/35 page ii CONTENTS Chapter Paragraphs Page INTRODUCTION 1- 5 1 I. COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN AND THE SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE SINCE THE INTERIM REPORT TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY 6 - 28 2 A. Written communications of a general nature 6 - 9 2 B. Written communications concerning allegations received by the Special Representative and transmitted to the Government 10 - 22 3 C. Conversations with representatives of the Islamic Republic of Iran 23 - 28 7 II. INFORMATION RECEIVED BY THE SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE 29-327 11 A. Right to life 30 - 72 11 B. Enforced or involuntary disappearances 73 22 C. Right to freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment . 74 - 141 22 D. Administration of justice 142 - 185 30 E. Freedom of opinion, expression, press and association and right to peaceful assembly ... 186 - 204 36 F. Freedom of movement; right to leave one's country and to return 205 - 208 41 G. -
Npao News Clippings Dtd 21 August 2021
Today’s News 21 August 2021 (Saturday) A. NAVY NEWS/COVID NEWS/PHOTOS Title Writer Newspaper Page NIL NIL NIL NIL B. NATIONAL HEADLINES Title Writer Newspaper Page 1 All-time high: Pjl logs 17,231 new infections S Crisostomo P Star 1 Daily covid tally hits a new high as curbs are D Yap PDI A1 2 relaxed C. NATIONAL SECURITY Title Writer Newspaper Page DeL Rosario: Duterte chooses China over D Yap PDI A5 3 Filipinos D. INDO-PACIFIC Title Writer Newspaper Page NIL NIL NIL NIL E. AFP RELATED Title Writer Newspaper Page 4 All fatalities in C-130 plane crash identified P Star 8 All 50 soldiers who died in C-130 crash in PDI A6 5 Sulu indentified 6 Navy shows capability in SEACAT D Tribune 9 F. CPP-NPA-NDF-LCM Title Writer Newspaper Page 7 2 NPA rebels, soldier killed in Negros clash G Bayoran P Star 10 8 3 todas sa engkwentro sa Negros Occ D Franche Ngayon 9 9 2 pregnant NPA rebs among surrenderees D Tribune 3 Bicol cops to priorities rebel threats in P Tonight 1 10 Masbate A Dalizon 11 Reds condemned over banned landlines J Dela Torre P Journal 7 Rockie cop killed in clash with NPA rebels in M Martico Tempo 2 12 Samar G. MNLF/MILF/BIFF/ASG Title Writer Newspaper Page NIL NIL NIL NIL H. EDITORIAL-OPINION-COMMENTARY-SPECIAL Title Writer Newspaper Page NIL NIL NIL NIL I. ONLINE NEWS Title Link NATIONAL NEWS Miranda bombing: Beyond the scars https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/08/21/mira 13 nda-bombing-beyond-the-scars/ Further warming could worsen extreme https://mb.com.ph/2021/08/20/further- 14 weather events in PH, warns Filipino warming-could-worsen-extreme-weather- -
Translation of the Death List As Given by Late Afghan Minister of State Security Ghulam Faruq Yaqoubi to Lord Bethell in 1989
Translation of the death list as given by late Afghan Minister of State Security Ghulam Faruq Yaqoubi to Lord Bethell in 1989. The list concerns prisonners of 1357 and 1358 (1978-1979). For further details we refer to the copy of the original list as published on the website. Additional (handwritten) remarks in Dari on the list have not all been translated. Though the list was translated with greatest accuracy, translation errors might exist. No.Ch Name Fathers Name Profession Place Accused Of 1 Gholam Mohammad Abdul Ghafur 2nd Luitenant Of Police Karabagh Neg. Propaganda 2 Shirullah Sultan Mohammad Student Engineering Nerkh-Maidan Enemy Of Rev. 3 Sayed Mohammad Isa Sayed Mohammad Anwar Mullah Baghlan Khomeini 4 Sefatullah Abdul Halim Student Islam Wardak Ikhwani 5 Shujaudin Burhanudin Pupil 11th Grade Panjsher Shola 6 Mohammad Akbar Mohabat Khan Luitenant-Colonel Kohestan Ikhwani 7 Rahmatullah Qurban Shah Police Captain Khanabad Ikhwani 8 Mohammad Azam Mohammad Akram Head Of Archive Dpt Justice Nejrab Ikhwani 9 Assadullah Faludin Unemployed From Iran Khomeini 10 Sayed Ali Reza Sayed Ali Asghar Head Of Income Dpt Of Trade Chardehi Khomeini 11 Jamaludin Amanudin Landowner Badakhshan Ikhwani 12 Khan Wasir Kalan Wasir Civil Servant Teachers Education Panjsher Khomeini 13 Gholam Reza Qurban Ali Head Of Allhjar Transport. Jamal-Mina Khomeini 14 Sayed Allah Mohammad Ajan Civil Servant Carthographical Off. Sorubi Anti-Revolution 15 Abdul Karim Haji Qurban Merchant Farjab Ikhwani 16 Mohammad Qassem Nt.1 Mohammad Salem Teacher Logar Antirevol. -
U.S. and Iranian Strategic Competition
U.S. AND IRANIAN STRATEGIC COMPETITION: Iranian Views of How Iran’s Asymmetric Warfare Developments Affect Competition with the US and the Gulf, Sept. 2010 – Feb. 2011 By Alexander Wilner March 28, 2011 Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy [email protected] 2 On Jan. 12, 2011, the Fars News Agency released a report in which the commander-in- chief of Iran‟s army, Brigadier General Attaollah Salehi, made revealing statements regarding the role of asymmetric warfare in his country‟s military doctrine. General Salehi was extensively quoted, stating that, “All divisions of the Islamic Republic‟s military pay close attention to events in neighboring states and incorporate these into their asymmetric warfare training. For Example, if we train pilots in aerial combat, we actively link those lessons with asymmetric warfare.”1 Furthermore, General Salehi was quoted as stating that an example of Iran‟s asymmetric doctrine was the country‟s decision to dispatch military vessels to the Gulf of Aden.2 General Salehi also noted that Iran‟s military views the ongoing conflict wars in Iraq and Afghanistan as “lessons,” and that the country “adjusts its manuals according to these lessons.”3 Such statements are useful in assessing Iran‟s perception of its strategic competition with the US. They provide valuable insight regarding Iran‟s disposition toward the US military presence in the region, its responses to that presence, and ultimately how it intends to confront the US strategically. In the case of Iran‟s asymmetric developments, however, actions often speak louder than words; Iran usually remains silent regarding its support and use of paramilitary proxies.