USX Duluth Works, Health Consultation, September 1998 (PDF)
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Health Consultation: USX Duluth Works - Saint Louis River NPL Site Duluth, St. Louis County, MN CERCLIS # MND039045430 August 13, 1998 Prepared By: The Minnesota Department of Health in Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry FOREWORD This document summarizes potential public health concerns associated with the U. S. Steel Duluth Works portion of the Saint Louis River National Priority List (NPL) Site in Duluth Minnesota. This document is based on a formal site evaluation prepared by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH). A number of steps are necessary to do such an evaluation, and include the following: ! Evaluating exposure: MDH scientists begin by reviewing available information about environmental conditions at the site. The first task is to find out how much contamination is present, where it is found on the site, and how people might be exposed to it. Usually, MDH does not collect its own environmental sampling data. We rely on information provided by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and other government agencies, businesses, and the general public. ! Evaluating health effects: If there is evidence that people are being exposed—or could be exposed—to hazardous substances, MDH scientists will take steps to determine whether that exposure could be harmful to human health. The report focuses on public health—the health impact on the community as a whole—and is based on existing scientific information. ! Developing recommendations: In the evaluation report, MDH outlines its conclusions regarding any potential health threat posed by a site, and offers recommendations for reducing or eliminating human exposure to contaminants. The role of MDH in dealing with hazardous waste sites is primarily advisory. For that reason, the evaluation report will typically recommend actions to be taken by other agencies—including EPA and MPCA. However, if there is an immediate health threat, MDH will issue a public health advisory warning people of the danger and will work to resolve the problem. ! Soliciting community input: The evaluation process is interactive and ongoing. Typically, MDH begins by soliciting and evaluating information from various government agencies, the organizations responsible for cleaning up the site, and the community surrounding the site. Any conclusions about the site are shared with the groups and organizations that provided the information. Once an evaluation report has been prepared, MDH seeks feedback from the public. If you have questions or comments about this report, we encourage you to contact us. Please write to: Community Relations Coordinator Site Assessment and Consultation Unit Minnesota Department of Health 625 Robert St. N., Box 64975 St. Paul, MN 55164-0975 OR call us at: (651) 201-4897 or 1-800-657-3908 (toll free call—press "4" on your touch tone phone) Introduction The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) was requested by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) to complete a Health Consultation on issues of concern for public health at the U.S. Steel - Duluth Works (USX) “Superfund” (National Priorities List; NPL) site in St. Louis County, Duluth, Minnesota. The site is extremely large and contains large deposits of contaminated and non-native soils and sediments as a result of operations on the site. Furthermore, there is a large amount of contaminated sediment adjacent to the site in the St. Louis River. The sediments include elevated concentrations of mercury, PCBs, and other compounds which can be ingested by aquatic organisms. There is an MDH Fish Consumption Advisory in effect for the entire lower St. Louis River (including regions upstream of the site) for mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A Community Workgroup (CWG) initiated by MPCA has been involved in discussions associated with the cleanup of this site since 1995. MDH has regularly attend the monthly CWG meetings, as has MPCA and representatives of US Steel. Carl Herbrandson, MDH staff, toured portions of the site in June 1997 and April 1998. MDH has reviewed documents on file at MPCA offices, reviewed independent research reports on the St. Louis River Bay region, and had discussions with MPCA staff and community members as part of our information gathering process. MDH has also reviewed historic site activities and steelmaking processes. There is a large amount of environmental data available on the USX site. Unfortunately, data on specific activities or locations at the site are not easily found. During the file review for this health consult, MDH was unable to locate information about mercury contamination on the site, the cleanup of mercury from the ‘meter shop’, or a significant amount of data on the groundwater springs known as Seep 1 and Seep 2. To a certain extent this is to be expected due to the sheer volume of files on this site. However, MDH recommends that data submitted by USX or their consultants be organized into reports containing associated references and that the transfer of data as attachments to letters be limited. Since the review of data for this health consultation was completed, MDH has received data described as an incomplete Phase 2 investigation (received by MPCA from USX on July 8, 1998). This data will be reviewed at a later date. To facilitate cleanup, the most contaminated areas of the USX site were identified as operable units (OUs). Cleanup of these disconnected operable units has been, in general, guided by the Record of Decision (ROD) of February 22, 1989 (MPCA 1989). United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concurrence on the ROD was not obtained (EPA 1989). EPA has had no involvement on this site since their review of the ROD. Given the size and the current dormant condition of the site it is easy to overlook that this site was historically an integrated operation where use of one area may have led to contamination of adjacent areas. MDH has attempted in this health consultation to identify data gaps which need to be filled for us to be able to make confident statements about health risks which may be associated with areas of the site and the site as a whole. The identification of data gaps should not be confused with identification by MDH of specific health risks. MDH emphasizes that 1 these data gaps represent uncertainties which, at this point, make qualitative or quantitative health risk analysis not possible. MDH views the uncertainty about environmental conditions over large areas of the site as one of the most important issues (along with sediment remediation and the long term maintenance of remediated areas) remaining to be investigated which could potentially impact public health. As mentioned above, USX has recently made new data available which may address some of these remaining issues. This health consultation discusses data gaps which MDH has identified at this time. For the purposes of this document MDH did not review information or issues concerning the demolition of facilities, demolition landfills, the current condition of remediated operable units on site, or any data which has been submitted to MPCA since June 1, 1998. This health consultation by no means contains discussion of all issues related to health which could be associated with the USX site. Health consultations are used by MDH to disseminate information and MDH positions to the public and interested parties. In order to do this in a timely manner, MDH does not discuss all issues of concern but attempts to focus on a few important issues. Future health consultations can focus on other issues related to public health and this site. Site Background The USX site is a 640 acre plot on the St. Louis River about 8 miles southwest of downtown Duluth, MN (Figure #1). US Steel operated a steel mill on the site until the 1970's. The site was designated a Superfund site in 1984. The USX site is listed with the Interlake Duluth Tar site as the St. Louis River Site on the National Priority List and is also listed separately as a RCRA Site (MND981098577, MND980615710). Preliminary environmental data on the site was primarily contained in two documents: 1) Plans Submitted Pursuant to Part IV and Part V, Task A to Exhibit A March 26, 1985 Response Order by Consent (Barr 1985); and 2) Remedial Investigation Final Report - December 1986 (Barr 1986). Remediation of the site began in the 1980's and is continuing. Areas containing open tar, tanks, and buildings have been remediated. Some of the areas containing tar have been treated on site, others have been removed and the tar used as fuel. Tanks and products inside them have been removed from the site. Buildings have been demolished and moved to demolition landfills both on site and off site. MDH has written two previous health consultations on the USX site: 1) Health Assessment for St. Louis River Site, Duluth, MN (MDH 1989) which contains information about both the USX site and the Interlake site; and 2) Health Consultation on Contaminated Sediments: St. Louis River/U.S. Steel-Duluth Works (MDH 1995). Operations on-site US Steel began operation of a steel mill in the Morgan Park area of Duluth, Minnesota in 1915. The facilities on-site included coke ovens, a coke by-products plant, open-hearth and blast furnaces, a blooming mill, a billet mill, and a merchant mill. Storage facilities for ore, coal, and limestone were also located on-site. In 1922 a continuous rod mill, wire mill, nail mill, pot annealing equipment, staple and woven fence machines, nail cleaning, bluing and coating 2 facilities, rod and wire cleaning facilities, and galvanizing facilities were added. From 1918 until 1929 benzene and toluene were also produced on-site. Operation of the steel mill continued until 1975 when open hearth and blast furnaces were shut down.