Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020

WATERWORKS UTILITY ANNUAL REPORT 2020 The Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 cover image was designed by Cynthia Nguyen, a Media Arts student at Sir Charles Tupper Secondary School. Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020

This report summarizes the City of Vancouver Waterworks Utility activities and program outcomes for 2020. It provides a financial synopsis for the year, and gives detailed information on Waterworks performance in programs for: Water Quality; Water Conservation; Capital Asset Management, and; Asset Operations & Maintenance.

In 2020, a new strain of coronavirus called COVID-19 reached the City of Vancouver. This report includes details on related operational challenges and opportunities as Waterworks staff adapted to new health and safety protocols and continued to work diligently to monitor water quality, minimize water waste, maintain Vancouver’s drinking water system, and to ensure the delivery of over 100 billion litres of safe, high quality drinking water to our customers.

This report is posted on the City’s website to assure the public of the excellent quality of Vancouver’s drinking water, and to promote the programs and activities supporting continuous delivery of clean, safe drinking water to Vancouver customers.

Provincial regulations governing water suppliers in British Columbia require the City of Vancouver to conduct drinking water quality monitoring and publicly post the results within 6 months of year- end. This report satisfies those requirements.

2020 Report Statistics at a Glance

• Waterworks delivered 108.5 billion litres of drinking water throughout Vancouver.

• The drinking water quality met or exceeded Provincial Regulatory requirements, Health Canada standards and relevant International best practices.

• Water conservation policies and projects resulted in a 26% decrease of potable water use from 2006 rates.

• 8.6 kilometres of water mains were replaced, and 0.2 kilometres of new water mains were constructed.

• 10 temporary handwashing stations, 9 temporary drinking fountains and 13 temporary

misting stations were deployed strategically to increase access to water for vulnerable

populations.

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When the weather gets warmer, Waterworks deploys temporary drinking fountains and misting stations to provide clean, safe water to the public for drinking and hygienic purposes. The equipment is placed strategically in areas that serve seniors, children and vulnerable people in Vancouver. In 2020, following the Covid-19 provincial lockdown, access to public facilities was restricted. Waterworks added 10 temporary hand wash stations on city streets to improve access and support public hygiene.

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Contents

City of Vancouver Waterworks Utility ...... 1 Source Water ...... 2 Water Quality Monitoring Program ...... 3 Vancouver Drinking Water Quality ...... 5 Bacteriology ...... 5 Sampling Frequency ...... 7 Physical and Chemical Parameters ...... 7 Disinfection By-products, Metals, Volatile Organic Compounds and Aesthetics ...... 10 Groundwater ...... 13 Cross Connection Control Program ...... 13 Access to Water ...... 13 Temporary Drinking Fountains, Handwashing Stations and Misting Stations ...... 14 Public Drinking Fountains and COVID-19 ...... 14 Emergency Response Plan ...... 15 Water Conservation and Efficiency ...... 16 Asset Management ...... 18 Capital Program ...... 18 Distribution Main Construction ...... 18 Transmission Main Construction ...... 22 Service Installations ...... 23 Operations and Maintenance Programs ...... 24 Main Breaks ...... 24 Service Leak Repairs ...... 25 Water Meters ...... 26 Hydrants ...... 27 Financial Review ...... 27 Summary ...... 29

Appendices

Appendix A – Water Sampling Stations (Map) Appendix B – Metals Sampling Results Appendix C – Disinfection By-products Appendix D – Groundwater Sampling Results Appendix E – Sampling Site Characterization

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Acronyms

A/O Aesthetic Objective BCDWPA British Columbia Drinking Water Protection Act BCDWPR British Columbia Drinking Water Protection Regulation CFU Colony Forming Units COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease (novel strain discovered in 2019) DBP Disinfection By-product DCL Development Cost Levy E. coli Escherichia coli EPA Environmental Protection Agency (USA) ERP Emergency Response Plan Green Ops Green Operations GCAP Greenest City 2020 Action Plan GCDWQ Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality GVWD Greater Vancouver Water District HAA Haloacetic Acid HPC Heterotrophic Plate Count HUSAR Heavy Urban Search & Rescue km Kilometre m Metre M Million MAC Maximum Acceptable Concentration mg/L Milligram per Litre mL Millilitre mm Millimetre N/A Not Available / Not Applicable NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit. pH Measure of acidity or basicity; pH 7 is neutral ppb Parts per Billion ppm Parts per Million SCFP Seymour Capilano Filtration Plant THM Trihalomethane μg/L Micrograms per Litre µS/cm Micro-Siemens per centimetre WHO World Health Organization WQMRP Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Plan

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Useful Websites and Contact Information

3-1-1 City of Vancouver vancouver.ca/ Outside Vancouver: 604-873-7000

Vancouver Coastal Health vch.ca/ 604-675-3800

Waterworks Bylaw 4848 bylaws.vancouver.ca/4848c.PDF

Metro Vancouver metrovancouver.org/ 604-432-6200

Metro Vancouver metrovancouver.org/events/watershed-tours/Pages/default.aspx Watershed Tours Page

Health Canada canada.ca/en/health-canada.html 1-833-784-4397

BC Drinking Water bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/00_01009_01 Protection Act

BC Drinking Water bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/200_2003 Protection Regulation

Metro Vancouver’s metrovancouver.org/services/water/quality-treatment-testing/tap- TapMap App water/tapmap/Pages/default.aspx

Sampling Results app.vancouver.ca/EngWaterQuality_Net/Default.aspx

“Building a City We Love” youtube.com/watch?v=zG0dhtSFSNI Water Sampling

How to Check your Toilet youtube.com/watch?v=3TtNRUf7-lg for Leaks

The Ambassador Program youtube.com/watch?v=SJ4A54jkpMk

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City of Vancouver Waterworks Utility

The City of Vancouver Waterworks Utility purchases treated drinking water from Metro Vancouver, and operates a City-wide network of transmission and distribution water mains to deliver this water to customers. In 2020, Waterworks delivered 108.5 billion litres of drinking water throughout Vancouver.

Waterworks consists of the Design Branch, which designs and administers the utility, and the Operations Branch, which builds, operates and maintains the distribution system.

Waterworks has three core functions: 1. Ensure the drinking water delivered to customers meets health and quality standards. 2. Ensure water system assets are well managed and resilient. 3. Ensure that progress is made towards the City’s Greenest City 2020 Action Plan’s Clean Water goals.

Waterworks is self-funded. Revenues collected from water users and the water stabilization reserve offset the cost of water purchased from Metro Vancouver’s supply system, capital and operating expenses, and city debt. Total actual expenditures in 2020 were CDN$145M. Of this amount, $85M was used to purchase bulk water from Metro Vancouver and the remaining $60M was spent rebuilding and maintaining the water system, including debt servicing costs for capital borrowing.

Greenest City 2020

In 2011, Vancouver adopted the goal of having the greenest city in the world by 2020. The Greenest City 2020 Action Plan (GCAP) contains 10 strategic goals and targets for Vancouver to achieve this ambition. Goal 8 of the GCAP states that Vancouver will have the best drinking water of any city in the world. To accomplish this goal, Waterworks has two identified targets:

Target #1 Meet or beat the strongest of British Columbian, Canadian or appropriate international drinking water quality standards and guidelines.

Target #2 Reduce per capita water consumption by 33% from 2006 levels.

Results for the targets are detailed in this year’s report.

To learn about the Greenest City 2020 Action Plan, visit the City of Vancouver’s website.

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Source Water

Vancouver’s drinking water comes from rain and snowmelt captured in the Capilano, Seymour and Coquitlam watersheds. The Greater Vancouver Water District (GVWD) manages and protects the watersheds and keeps them closed to the public. No recreational, agricultural, or industrial activities that may contaminate the water are permitted inside watershed boundaries. The GVWD owns and operates the region’s Seymour-Capilano Filtration Plant and the Coquitlam Water Treatment Plant, where source water undergoes treatment, disinfection and pH adjustment.

Metro Vancouver monitors and tests the treated water source. Results are available on Metro Vancouver’s website.

Metro Vancouver is not currently providing guided tours of the watersheds. Guided watershed tours will be rescheduled once permitted by Provincial Health Order. To stay up to date on rescheduling, contact Metro Vancouver, or visit their Watershed Tours page.

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Water Quality Monitoring Program

Vancouver continues to meet or beat the strongest of British Columbian, Canadian, and appropriate international drinking water quality standards and guidelines.

Water suppliers in British Columbia are regulated by the Drinking Water Protection Act (BCDWPA) and Drinking Water Protection Regulation (BCDWPR). The BCDWPA requires each municipal water purveyor to hold an annual operating permit issued by the region’s Medical Health Officer, approving water potability, monitoring, reporting protocol and emergency response.

To ensure compliance with provincial legislation, the Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Plan for Metro Vancouver and Member Municipalities (WQMRP) was jointly developed by regional Medical Health Officers, Metro Vancouver and member municipalities, including the City of Vancouver. The Waterworks Emergency Response Plan identifies actions taken when there is a risk to the water quality.

The City of Vancouver has a long-standing water quality monitoring program that operates under the protocol developed in the WQMRP. Drinking water is routinely collected from 53 sampling stations located throughout the City’s distribution system (Appendix A), and analyzed for compliance with Provincial Health Standards, the WQMRP, Health Canada’s Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ), and international recommendations by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO). Sampling parameters and reference frequencies are shown in Table 1. If a water quality parameter value falls outside of standards and guidelines, an investigation is conducted to identify and correct any possible causes.

In 2020, Waterworks collected over 2,000 water samples for analysis of: • Bacteria - E. coli, total coliforms, heterotrophic plate count • Chemical and physical parameters - chlorine, conductivity, pH, temperature, turbidity • Metals • Disinfection by-products.

Sampling results are made available to the public on the City’s website. The City spotlighted Water Sampling in its YouTube series “Building a City We Love”.

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Table 1. Water Quality Parameter and Testing Frequency Sample Station Category Parameter Reference Frequency Sites

E. coli BCDWPR Weekly1 Total coliform 2 Bacteriological All

HPC WQMRP Weekly

Chlorine – free WQMRP

Chlorine – total 2 Chemical Recommended Weekly All Conductivity WQMRP pH (representative sites) WQMRP – Quarterly Temperature (representative sites) 2 Physical Weekly All Turbidity WQMRP

Copper Iron WQMRP – Semi-annually Semi- Representative Metals Lead (representative sites) annually sites Zinc

3 Other Not required

Haloacetic Acids Disinfection WQMRP – Quarterly Representative Quarterly By-products (representative sites) sites Trihalomethanes

Volatile WQMRP – Semi-annual 4 Organic Vinyl Chloride N/A (representative sites) Compounds

WQMRP – Complaint Aesthetic Odour & Taste Any site Complaint basis basis

1. The BCDWPR requires monthly sampling (see Table 2). The City exceeds this requirement. 2. “All” refers to all Vancouver’s water sampling stations (53). 3. The methodology for metals analysis produces additional results (Appendix B). 4. Vinyl chloride testing is required where PVC pipe is used in the distribution system. Ratio of PVC pipe in Vancouver is less than 0.1% and thus insignificant for testing at this time.

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Vancouver Drinking Water Quality Bacteriology In 2020, Vancouver’s drinking water was in full compliance with potable water quality standards set in Schedule A of the BCDWPR.

Schedule A Water Quality Standards for Potable Water

Parameter: Standard: No detectable fecal coliform bacteria per Fecal coliform bacteria 100 ml Escherichia coli No detectable Escherichia coli per 100 ml

No detectable total coliform bacteria per Total coliform bacteria 100 ml (a) 1 sample in a 30 day period At least 90% of samples have no detectable (b) more than 1 sample in a 30 day period total coliform bacteria per 100 ml and no sample has more than 10 total coliform bacteria per 100 ml

E. Coli Zero (0) samples contained E. coli.

The E. coli group has a stringent standard of zero maximum acceptable concentration (MAC). If E. coli is found in the water, under the BCDWPA, the laboratory conducting the analysis must immediately notify the City and the Medical Health Officer. Together, an assessment will be made to determine the possible health risks and the most effective approach to protecting the public. This assessment will include a review of the bacteriological records, chlorine residuals, pressure levels, and other relevant factors. The water will be resampled immediately.

If the risk assessment indicates the water system is operating within expected parameters, then a decision may be made to wait for confirmation of the follow-up sample results. However, if the assessment identifies a risk to water quality, immediate intervention may be necessary including issuing a boil water notice and corrective action taken in accordance with the City’s Waterworks Emergency Response Plan.

Total Coliform bacteria Four (4) samples tested positive for total coliform bacteria. 1. Sampling Station #66 (W 42nd Av & Laburnum St) on July 7th. TC count/1000 mL was 1. 2. Sampling Station #20 (W 68th Av & Cornish St) on July 20th. TC count/1000 mL was 9. 3. Sampling Station #03 (Porter St & Victoria Dr) on September 23rd. TC count/1000 mL was 1. 4. Sampling Station #60 (York Av and Vine St) on September 24th. TC count/1000 mL was 1.

After each positive test result, the sampling station was retested immediately and results showed no further bacteria.

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Total coliforms measure all the coliform bacteria species present in a water sample. While not directly correlated with human health risk, they are used as indicators of how well the drinking water treatment and distribution systems are operating. The detection of total coliforms may indicate possible conditions for pathogen and/or parasite contamination within the water supply. Alternatively, it can indicate contamination during sample collection or laboratory test analysis.

The number of positive samples did not exceed 10% of samples in a 30-day period, as permitted by the BCDWPR.

Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) 93% of the samples contained 0 CFU/mL as per the HPC test. The remaining samples did not show significant levels of HPC, nor trends requiring further investigation.

HPC is not listed as a health standard; however, the HPC test is a useful indicator for monitoring the effectiveness of disinfection and early signs of bacterial growth. Alternatively, it can indicate contamination during sample collection or laboratory test analysis.

Water quality samples are routinely collected from 53 sampling stations located around Vancouver. Physical and chemical parameters are analyzed in the City’s mobile lab, while bacteriological, metals and volatile organic compounds are transported to an accredited laboratory. A map of Vancouver’s sampling stations is provided in Appendix A.

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Sampling Frequency In 2020, Vancouver’s drinking water was in full compliance with potable water quality standards set in Schedule B of the BCDWPR.

Schedule B Frequency of Monitoring Samples for Prescribed Water Supply Systems

Population Served by the Prescribed Number of Samples Per Month Water Supply System less than 5 000 4 5 000 to 90 000 1 per 1 000 of population more than 90 000 90 plus 1 per 10 000 of population in excess of 90 000

The City’s water sampling program exceeded the minimum number of samples per month required by Schedule B (Table 2).

Table 2. Population size and water sampling frequency in Vancouver (2016-2020) Number of Number of Number of City of Vancouver samples per samples per samples per year Year Population month month (incl. undercount) Required1 Collected2 Collected 2020 685,410 150 168 2,022 2019 674,600 148 169 2,031 2018 676,100 148 167 2,000 2017 649,600 146 1573 1,878 2016 643,900 145 165 1,976

1. Minimum number of samples per month required by Schedule B of the BCDWPR. 2. The number of samples collected per year does not include samples taken for metals, disinfection by-products or site investigations. 3. In 2017, sampling station maintenance procedures reduced the total number of samples collected. However, the total number of samples still exceeded provincial requirements.

Physical and Chemical Parameters The majority of physical and chemical parameter results were within acceptable ranges. When a sample fell outside the guideline range, it was a temporary occurrence and did not affect water potability. Monthly results for temperature, turbidity, and free chlorine at each sampling station are available in Appendix E.

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Table 3. Physical and Chemical Parameters Results Parameter Reference Guideline Av. Min Max

Chlorine – free (mg/L Cl2) GCDWQ ≥0.2 mg/L Cl2 0.64 0.01 1.39

Chlorine – total (mg/L Cl2) EPA ≤4.0 mg/L Cl2 0.70 0.07 1.49 Conductivity (us/cm) None N/A 30.2 20.9 38.6 Temperature (°C) GCDWQ ≤15°C 10.8 5.0 21.6 Turbidity (NTU) GCDWQ ≤1 NTU 0.19 0.07 7.50 pH GCDWQ 7.0 – 10.5 7.74 7.15 8.71

Chlorine (Cl2) Chlorine is used to disinfect the water and safeguard against microbial re-growth or contamination. Per the BCDWPA section 8 (3) (a), the region's Medical Health Officers determined a chlorine residual minimum of 0.2 mg/L Cl2 to protect drinking water. The City refers to the EPA’s standard of 4.0 mg/L as an upper, aesthetic limit for total chlorine.

Chlorine levels in the City’s distribution system were within recommended levels, with few exceptions. When chlorine readings were lower than the required minimums, localized flushing restored pipe conditions and chlorine levels returned.

Figure 1. Average Monthly Free Chlorine (mg/L)

Free Chlorine Minimum Free Chlorine per GCDWQ 0.80 0.76 0.70 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.70 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.60 0.60 0.56 0.56

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

In the summer of 2020, Metro Vancouver temporarily increased chlorine levels to assist with flushing stagnant water and introducing fresh chlorinated water into plumbing of buildings or businesses that may have been vacant or under-occupied for some time, until the majority of businesses were able to re-open. Vancouver customers may have noticed a stronger odour of

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chlorine during this time; However, drinking water testing ensured that tap water met guidelines and was safe to drink.

Conductivity Conductivity measures the ability of water to pass an electrical current. There is no guideline for conductivity in the GCDWQ. Natural weathering of rock and/or water treatment process can influence water conductivity. Each water source will have its own characteristic conductivity depending on its source and treatment. The measure of conductivity should be relatively constant; monitoring could indicate changes in water quality.

Conductivity in Vancouver ranges between 15-40 µS/cm and is considered low. Results from 2020 were consistent with previous years. pH pH is a measure of the acidity/basicity of water. Per the GCDWQ, drinking water should have a pH range of 7 to 10.5.The pH of water can determine which chemical reactions will occur in piping infrastructure and possible leaching of metals. Metro Vancouver’s corrosion control program treats the region’s naturally soft and acidic water by raising the pH and alkalinity so that it is less likely to corrode building pipes made of copper or lead.

The average pH in Vancouver was 7.74.

Figure 2. Average pH (2011-2020)

pH Minimum pH per GCDWQ 8.0 7.74 7.63 7.67 7.50 7.5 7.46 7.25 7.30 7.31 7.10 7.09 7.0

6.5 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

The City of Vancouver primarily consumes water treated by the Seymour-Capilano filtration plant (SCFP). SCFP uses calcium hydroxide (lime) to increase pH and carbon dioxide to increase alkalinity. The water treatment plant on the Coquitlam source uses sodium carbonate to increase pH.

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Temperature The GCDWQ sets an aesthetic objective for drinking water at less than 15°C. Temperatures above 15°C can impact aesthetic qualities and bacterial re-growth.

Vancouver’s drinking water temperature is directly related to the source water and seasonal changes. The average drinking water in the distribution system remained below 15°C most of the year, with the exception of summer months.

Figure 3. Average Monthly Temperature (°C)

Temp (°C) Maximum Temperature (A/O) per GCDWQ 18 15.2 15.6 16 14.0 14 12.9 12.7 11.9 12 10 9.4 8.4 8.9 8 6.9 7.0 7.2 6 4 2 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Turbidity Turbidity is a measure of the clarity or cloudiness of water. The GCDWQ sets an objective of less than or equal to 1.0 NTU for turbidity in drinking water. Elevated turbidity levels can pose an aesthetic concern for customers and limit the effectiveness of disinfection.

The majority (98.8%) of water samples had turbidity results lower than 1.0 NTU. When turbidity above 1.0 NTU was briefly observed, there was no associated bacteriological growth.

Disinfection By-products, Metals, Volatile Organic Compounds and Aesthetics All Disinfection By-Products (DBP) were well below the Maximum Acceptable Concentrations (MAC) as per the GCDWQ. Metals results were below GCDWQ MAC and met aesthetic objectives (A/O). Metals Analysis and DBP results are provided in Appendices B and C.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) testing is required where poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is used. The ratio of PVC in Vancouver is insignificant for testing at this time.

Aesthetic concerns from the public were managed on a case-by-case basis.

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Table 4. Disinfection By-products, Metals, Volatile Organic Compounds and Aesthetics Category Parameter Reference Guideline Results Copper GCDWQ ≤ 1.0 mg/L (A/O) All sample results Iron GCDWQ ≤0.3 mg/L (A/O) were below Metals Lead GCDWQ 0.005 mg/L (MAC) guideline MAC or Zinc GCDWQ ≤5.0 mg/L (A/O) A/O (Appendix B) Other GCDWQ Parameter specific Haloacetic Acids, All sample results Disinfection By- GCDWQ MAC 80 ppb total (HAAs) were below products (DBPs) Trihalomethanes, guideline MAC GCDWQ MAC 100 ppb total (THMs) (Appendix C) Volatile Organic Compounds Vinyl Chloride GCDWQ MAC 0.002 mg/L Not applicable (VOCs) Case-by-case Aesthetics Odour & Taste GCDWQ Not specified assessment

Metals City water consistently met the GCDWQ guidelines for metal concentrations.

Disinfection By-products (DBPs) DBPs are compounds formed by the interaction between chlorine and naturally occurring organic substances in the water, such as breakdown products of decaying leaves and vegetation. Two groups of DBPs are monitored within Vancouver’s drinking water: Haloacetic acids (HAA) and Trihalomethanes (THM). The MAC listed in the GCDWQ is based on locational running annual averages from quarterly samples.

The running locational averages for THM and HAA in Vancouver’s water are below the MAC.

VOCs Not applicable. Vinyl chloride testing is required where PVC pipe is used in the distribution system. Ratio of PVC pipe in Vancouver is less than 0.1% and thus insignificant for testing at this time.

Aesthetics Waterworks staff received 391 water quality complaints in 2020, separated into 4 major complaint types shown in Figure 4. Staff performed 72 water quality investigations; the remaining cases were resolved over the phone.

Vancouver customers are encouraged to report water quality complaints by calling 3-1-1. Customer feedback supports our ability to promptly address possible issues with our distribution system, or to improve customer experience when the root cause is on the private side.

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Figure 4. Water Quality Complaints in 2020

Chemical/Chlorine Odour – 22 Complaints

Vancouver residents that detect a chlorine or chemical odour to their tap water are advised to check the exterior hose bib connections to garden hoses. Water trapped in the hose can 6% expand when heated and contaminate household water. Always turn off the water supply at the tap when the hose is not being used and be sure a vacuum breaker is installed to prevent backflow.

Looks Milky/Cloudy – 41 Complaints

Bubbles of trapped air can cause water to appear cloudy or milky.

During the winter, if your glass of drinking water appears milky when first poured, but clears from bottom of glass to top in less

10% than a minute after water is drawn from the tap, the cause is likely to be air bubbles. This condition is not a health concern.

Miscellaneous – 43 Complaints

Other complaints about water quality included the appearance of harmless pink or reddish bacteria called Serratia marcensens that lives in the air and thrives in moist environments. The 11% bacteria are most often found along the waterline of bathtubs, toilets and sinks, and can be wiped away with a cleaning agent.

Looks Dirty/Turbid – 286 Complaints

Most complaints about the tap water were related to localized turbidity in the water mains and subsequent water discolouration. Water flow may be disrupted by construction, hydrant use, 73% street cleaning, or by leaks or breaks. When water flow is restored to regular conditions, the tap water will return to clear.

Water discolouration typically resolves by itself within 24 hours.

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Groundwater Groundwater is not a source of potable water in Vancouver and does not flow through the City’s distribution system. However; groundwater has been used to augment non-potable needs, including irrigation on City-owned golf courses, and may be accessed in an emergency event, therefore Waterworks routinely monitors groundwater quality (Appendix D).

Cross Connection Control Program Backflow assemblies protect the water supply from connections to private properties by preventing contamination in the event of back siphonage or back pressure. The Cross Connection Control program works proactively with water customers to ensure appropriate backflow assemblies are installed, tested annually, and maintained in good working condition, as prescribed by Waterworks Bylaw 4848.

In 2020, an online reporting system for submitting backflow assembly test reports was implemented. Eliminating paper test reports from the program resulted in environmental savings equivalent to three trees and 600,000 liters of water required to produce the paper for the test reports. The online system is more effective and efficient: The Waterworks Utility received over 33,000 backflow assembly test reports in 2020, a 95% increase over the number of reports received in 2018 and a 215% increase over the past decade.

Access to Water Drinking fountains are important assets that provide access to water in the public realm and help promote the region’s excellent water supply. As of December 31, 2020, the Utility owned 46 permanent outdoor drinking fountains and 6 bottle filling stations. The Parks Board owns 187 permanent outdoor drinking fountains. There are several apps available to help locate fountains, including Metro Vancouver’s TapMap app.

New fountain infrastructure focuses on areas of greatest need. If you believe an area in our City is lacking access to water, and would benefit from a public drinking fountain, please email your suggestion to: [email protected]

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Temporary Drinking Fountains, Handwashing Stations and Misting Stations In addition to the permanent drinking fountains, Waterworks deploys temporary drinking fountains and misting stations in the summer months. The temporary equipment connects to exterior taps or fire hydrants to provide additional access to water and cooling in areas that are underserved or have high foot traffic. The temporary fountains are sampled bi-weekly to ensure water quality. The fountains are typically retrieved in the fall, when the weather is cooler.

Because of the pandemic in 2020, community centers and many businesses were closed and activation of the City’s permanent drinking fountains was delayed, decreasing public access to water.

To support residents, Waterworks augmented the supply of temporary stock and deployed: • 10 new temporary handwashing stations • 8 temporary drinking fountains • 13 misting stations

Public Drinking Fountains and COVID-19 Potable water helps fight the spread of the COVID-19 virus via good hygiene practices such as washing hands. There is no evidence to suggest that the surfaces of drinking fountains are sources of COVID-19 transmission. However, like any other common-touch surfaces in the public realm, please apply common sense precaution:

• If the fountain requires you to push a button or lever, use a clean tissue or glove to protect your hands. • Let the water flow for 10 – 20 seconds to remove the standing water in the pipe prior to drinking. • Do not place your mouth on the spout of the fountain or allow your water bottle to come into

contact with the nozzle when refilling. • Clean your hands afterwards with an alcohol-based rub, or wash them with soap and water

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Emergency Response Plan The Waterworks Utility has an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) that provides a structured method of responding to an emergency within the City of Vancouver’s water distribution system. An emergency includes any event that affects the entire or large portion of the water system, lowers the quality or quantity of water and may put the health and safety of customers at risk. This does not include the COVID-19 pandemic.

The ERP has been assembled to address the following emergency response objectives: provide water for firefighting, including the Dedicated Fire Protection System; repair and restore the water system on a priority basis; provide an adequate supply of potable water focusing on high priority facilities, and; protect public safety through maintaining high standards of water quality:

In the event of an emergency, the primary goal of Vancouver’s water system is to preserve health and safety of the people it serves. The intent of the ERP is to ensure that this goal is maintained before, during, and after an emergency event.

HUSAR Canada Task Force 1 Water team

The City’s Heavy Urban Search and Rescue (HUSAR) task force is comprised of up to120 volunteers with medical, fire suppression, emergency response, search and rescue, and engineering backgrounds. THE HUSAR Canada Task Force 1 Water team consists of 6 members, 5 of whom are certified by the Environmental Operators Certification Program (BC/Yukon) as Small Water System operators. Part of their mandate is to help supply potable water in the event of a catastrophic emergency such as an earthquake.

Waterworks supports the HUSAR team with water sampling and reporting.

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Water Conservation and Efficiency

As our growing population, thriving economy and the effects of climate change put increasing demand on the potable water supply, water conservation remains a key component of water resource planning. Expanding supply has high financial, social and environmental costs. Reducing demand through conservation is the best way to avoid the need for source expansion and a further strain on our environment.

Vancouver’s Greenest City Action Plan set a goal to reduce per capita potable water consumption 33% from 2006 levels, by 2020. At the end of 2020, consumption was at 433 L/cap/day; a 3% drop from 2019 consumption, and a 25.8% reduction from 2006 consumption. The City has developed a new Water Demand Management Strategy that identifies a 15% reduction goal of per capita consumption by 2030, from a 2019 baseline (note: a 2019 baseline was chosen as 2020 showed trends related to pandemic closures).

Figure 5. Per Capita Water Consumption (litres/capita/day)

Per Capita Consumption 2006 Baseline GCAP 2020 Target 2030 Target 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 650 650 26% reduction from 600 583 2006 levels 600 542 550 550 519 520 488 486 489 493 500 485 480 476 500 455 455 446 450 433 450

Litres per capita per day 400 400

350 350

300 300 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Past conservation efforts have included changes to the Vancouver Building By-law to require the use of more water efficient fixtures, seasonal water pricing, leak detection, lawn watering enforcement, educational programs, water metering, and work with multi-family buildings and the industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI) sector.

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Highlights of the Water Conservation 2020 program include: • Development of a new strategy to reduce potable water use a further 15% by 2030 (Water Demand Management Strategy). • Addition of a third by-law officer for the Drinking Water Conservation By-law enforcement program: 4:00 am morning shifts, alternative ticketing strategy with respect to COVID-19 hardship, and construction of an online water exemption permit system. • Conversion of 10 temporary drinking fountains into handwashing stations for vulnerable population use during COVID-19 restrictions. • Installation of water meters on 229 single-family residential properties 0.4 acres or larger. • Installation of a pond timer at Vanier park to reduce water consumption from 128,000 litres per day to 15,000 litres per day. • Installation of 36 new water meters in existing civic facilities.

As part of its Green Operations goals, the City has been working to reduce potable water consumption in civic facilities 33% from 2006 levels, by 2020. Figure 6 shows achievements to date; note: civic water use between 2007 and 2013 has not been estimated, so there is no data for those years. In 2019, the 33% reduction goal was surpassed. Consumption reductions in 2020 are primarily associated with pandemic-related facility closures. An updated operational plan (GreenOpsPlan 2.0) will work to reduce corporate potable water use a further 10% from 2019 consumption, by 2030.

Figure 6. City Facilities and Operations Water Consumption

Estimated Consumption 2006 Baseline Green Ops Goal Green Ops 2.0 Goal

2.60 2.60 2.42 2.40 2.32

2.20 2.06 2.06 2.01 2.00

1.80 1.65

1.60 Billions of of litres Billions

1.40 1.32

1.20

1.00 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 17

Asset Management

The City of Vancouver is responsible for the installation, operation and maintenance of its water distribution system, which includes 1,488 km of water mains, 101,354 service connections, 21,868 meters, 6,517 hydrants, 25,000 valves, and 28 pressure reducing valve (PRV) stations.

The Utility also operates and maintains the Dedicated Fire Protection System, which consists of 12 km of 600 mm diameter steel pipe that is designed to withstand the maximum credible earthquake for Vancouver.

Waterworks expenditures are from capital and operating programs. The capital program funds the installation, replacement and upgrading of infrastructure. The operating program includes the purchase of bulk water from Metro Vancouver and all expenses related to maintaining and operating the City water system.

Capital Program In 2020, the capital investment in the water system totaled approximately $23.6M. The investment funded twenty-five sub-programs, which supported the installation of new infrastructure primarily replacing aged water mains, services, hydrants, and meters. Major capital programs are highlighted in the following sections.

Distribution Main Construction Distribution main construction, funded through the Distribution Main Replacement and Development Cost Levy (DCL) programs, is the largest component of the Waterworks capital budget. In 2020, a total of 8.6km distribution mains were constructed at a cost of $13.5M: • As shown in Table 5, 8.4 km of distribution main replacement, 0.60% of Vancouver’s distribution system, at a cost of $13.3M funded by Distribution Main Replacement Program. • As shown in Table 6, 0.2 km of new distribution mains were installed at a cost of $0.2M funded by the DCL Program.

The Waterworks asset management team ensures the water system remains reliable by identifying replacement candidates and setting a target replacement rate for each capital plan. The target rate is selected by reviewing the overall distribution system condition, specifically considering main age, material, and the leak or break history, to determine what replacement rate would minimize risk of water main failure while maximizing the service life of system assets. The target rate has changed: in 2011, the target rate was set at 80%; from 2012-2019 that target rate was set at 50%, and in 2020 the target rate was increased to 55%.The replacement rate trend is shown in Figure 7.

Replacement rates provide valuable information on what is achievable with an approved capital budget. For example, a lower rate may indicate numerous aspects such as increasing construction costs, decreased crew production rates, or decreased levels of investment.

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 18

Figure 7: Annual Distribution Main Replacement Rate (2011-2020)

Distribution Main Replaced (%) Target 1.00% 0.88% 0.90% 0.80% 0.70% 0.58% 0.60% 0.60% 0.56% 0.57% 0.45% 0.47% 0.42% 0.50% 0.40% 0.36% 0.36% 0.30% 0.20% 0.10% 0.00% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Note: City of Vancouver water main renewal rate will be increased to 1.3% over the next 10 years to account for aging infrastructure that is reaching the end of its life.

Waterworks completes many distribution main replacement projects throughout the year to ensure our water supply is reliable and resilient. Customers potentially impacted by upcoming work will be notified by letter. Projects causing road closures are reported on the City’s website: https://vancouver.ca/streets-transportation/roadwork.aspx

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 19

Table 5. Completed Distribution Main Replacement Projects Pipe Diameter Length of Project Name (mm) Project (m) Alberni Street, Cardero Street to Broughton Street 300 125 Arbutus Street, West 16th Avenue to West 19th Avenue 200 231 Ash Street, West 27th Avenue to West 29th Avenue 200 221 Boundary Road, Dundas Street to Pandora Street 200 216 Cambie Street, West 45th Avenue to West 46th Avenue 300 200 Drake Street, Hornby Street to Homer Street 300 523 East 11th Avenue, Commercial Drive to Victoria Drive 200 278 East 19th Avenue, Ontario Street to Quebec Street 200 155 East 35th Avenue, Quebec Street to Main Street 200 138 East 37th Avenue, Ontario Street to Main Street 200 300 East 40th Avenue, Victoria Drive to Rhodes Street 200 1156 East 43rd Avenue, Kerr Street to Joyce Street 200 213 Gilford Street, Robson Street to Haro Street 200 125 Highbury Street, 5865 Highbury Street to Lane South of 200 293 Southwest Marine Drive Manitoba Street, West 41st Avenue to West 45th Avenue 200 416 Nanaimo Street, East 33rd Avenue to East 35th Avenue 200 265 Nanaimo Street, East 37th Avenue to East 41st Avenue 200 532 North Boundary Road, Cambridge Street to Oxford Street 200 120 Oak Street, West 64th Avenue to West 67th Avenue 300 753 Ontario Street, East 37th Avenue to East 35th Avenue 200/300 227 Quebec Street, East 33rd Avenue to East 35th Avenue 200 164 West 18th Avenue, Arbutus Street to Yew Street 200 186 West 19th Avenue, Yukon Street to Ontario Street 200 582 West 35th Avenue, Cambie Street to Kersland Drive 200 88 West 43rd Avenue, Columbia Street to Ontario Street 150 365 West Georgia Street, Thurlow Street to Howe Street 300 408 Yukon Street, West 18th Avenue to West 19th Avenue 200 122

Total 8.4km

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 20

Table 6. Completed New Distribution Main Installation Projects Pipe Diameter Length of Project Name (mm) Project (m) Cambie Street, West 33rd Avenue to 4908 Cambie Street 300 96 South Property Line West 67th Avenue, Shaughnessy Street to Fremlin Street 200 95 Total 0.2km

Large Waterworks Construction Projects In 2020, the City of Vancouver continued to coordinate work closely with other utilities to minimize impact to the public during essential water main replacements. Construction crews and design staff adapted to new COVID-19 safety protocols and were able to maintain productivity throughout the year.

West Georgia Street

Water main construction on West Georgia Street at Howe Street, in front of the Vancouver Art Gallery.

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 21

The water main on West Georgia Street from Thurlow Street to Howe Street experienced multiple failures in 2019, and the main was found to be in very poor condition. This 408 m water main replacement was completed ahead of schedule, and was followed by a full road width grind and overlay as part of the Streets Department’s Major Road Network rehabilitation program. Due to the complexity of the traffic arrangement on this major arterial road, the Waterworks Design and Construction Department worked extensively with the Traffic Data Management Department and a traffic management consultant to prepare a signed and sealed traffic management plan. This plan accommodated the construction footprint, minimized traffic disruption, and maintained traffic capacity during rush hour.

Oak Street The Oak Street Project replaced 753 m of water main between West 64th Avenue and West 71st Avenue. 295 m from West 64th Avenue to West 67th Avenue were replaced to upgrade system capacity in support of upcoming developments funded by the City-Wide Development Cost Levy Program (DCL), and the remaining 458 m were replaced to renew the asset lifespan and improve overall system capacity.

The main from West 67th Avenue to West 71st Avenue was originally identified in 2019 as a candidate for replacement primarily based on the opportunity to coordinate this work with the Oak Street DCL upgrades, but also on its age and condition. However, the requirements to maintain traffic capacity on this section due to close proximity to the Oak Street Bridge significantly increased the construction cost and duration and made this replacement unfeasible. In April, with decreased volumes of bridge traffic due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the design team identified an opportunity to move ahead with this replacement. The design and project teams coordinated with the BC Ministry of Transportation to obtain approval to proceed with the construction, and were able to fast track and complete the design in one month. The project was delivered on budget and on schedule from May to June.

Drake Street The water main on Drake Street between Hornby Street and Howe Street was assessed to be in poor to very poor condition based on the age and materials of the main. The crews were able to construct the replacement main through the corridor of densely packed underground utilities and complete the job ahead of schedule.

Transmission Main Construction Similar to the distribution main replacement program, the transmission main replacement program supports water system reliability by replacing aging infrastructure. Transmission mains (larger than 300 mm in diameter) are essential to convey large volumes of water throughout the City. Of the 1488 km of water mains in the City, transmission mains account for ~5% of the total system length. The City allocates funding for one or two transmission replacement projects in each capital plan.

Haro Street Phase 1 of the Haro Street transmission main project replaced 1.4 km of transmission main in 2020. The new main followed an alignment on Robson Street from Chilco Street to Gilford Street, Gilford

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 22

Street from Robson Street to Haro Street, and Haro Street from Gilford Street to Smithe Street. In addition, 125 m of distribution main was replaced on Gilford Street, from Robson Street to Haro Street. The total transmission main expenditure in 2020 was $6.66M. Phase 1 will be completed in Q2 2021, with Phase 2 on Bute Street, from Haro Street to West Pender Street beginning afterwards.

Waterworks Design engineers perform a routine inspection on an 800 mm riveted steel

transmission main installed in 1912.

Service Installations The City of Vancouver owns more than 100,000 water service lines which connect commercial and residential properties to the water system.

The expected service life for water service lines was estimated to be between 60 to 70 years, however in recent years; leak trends have led Water Design to reconsider this estimated service life. Between 2018 and 2020, Waterworks has noted a decrease in the number of leaking copper services more in-line with an average service life of 70 to 80 years. This is believed to be a result of adjustments made by Metro Vancouver to the pH of our drinking water, which is resulting in less corrosion of copper services and an extended service life.

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 23

In 2021, Waterworks will be updating its survival analysis that was used to project time to failure for services and the resulting “minimum lifecycle cost” service life. This rate of replacement provides a balance between investing in replacement and managing the number of leaks to a reasonable figure.

Based on the expected life and current age of service assets, there is a goal to replace 1,400 to 1,550 services each year, achieved through: 1. 350 to 420 reactive renewals (leaking services replaced instead of repaired) 2. Approximately 1,000 services upgraded through redevelopment (though not all will be “old” services due for renewal), and 3. 50 to 100 service renewals through the distribution main replacement program.

The asset management team monitors the number of service leaks/failures and the replacement levels achieved year to year to ensure that funding levels continue to support the required renewal rates for the service network. Table 7 illustrates the number of services that were installed and/or replaced in 2020.

Table 7. Service Installations Program Installations Reactive replacement of leaking services 179 Proactive replacement of aging services 172 New commercial services 123 New single family residential services 675 Total 1,149

Residential service installations were lower than anticipated in Q2 and Q3 of 2020 due to the impacts of COVID-19. Additionally, the number of leaking services were lower than forecast, which resulted in fewer reactive replacements. Operations and Maintenance Programs Operating and maintenance expenditures in 2020 were approximately $6.3M, under the program budget of $6.8M. The annual maintenance budget supports reactive maintenance to complete emergency repairs and ongoing corrective and preventative maintenance programs designed to: • Ensure that water system components are reliable and in good working order. • Maximize service life of components to realize the initial capital investment benefit. • Promote efficient operation of the water system, resulting in a higher level of customer service.

Main Breaks Responding quickly to water main breaks is important, because large breaks can result in disruption of water service to customers, property damage and significant water loss.

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 24

In 2020, crews responded to 78 water main failures. The majority of the water main breaks and leaks occurred during the winter months from October to January. There were fewer main breaks than anticipated in 2020, likely due to the relatively mild winter season.

Waterworks collects data to track and report on program and system performance. The number of main breaks per 100 km of pipe is typically used as an indicator of the overall condition of a water distribution system.

The City of Vancouver ranks well relative to Canadian municipal water systems despite having one of the oldest systems, with 8.0 breaks per 100km of pipe, compared to the national median of 7.6 breaks per 100km. When compared to other systems with a similar system age (40-50 years), Vancouver has a below average main break rate.

Figure 8. Main Break/Leak History (2011-2020)

Major Main Failures Main Leaks 10-year Average 140

120

30 25 100

24 25 35 80 24 19 10 13 60 12 91 93 40 72 73 65 68 71 68 65 49 20

0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Service Leak Repairs In 2020, 236 leaking services were repaired (57) or replaced (179). The number of leaking services in 2020 was a significant drop compared to previous years. This is the third year in a row we have seen a significant decrease in the number of service leaks, so the Utility will be reviewing its estimated service life and forecasts for copper services in 2021.

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 25

Figure 9. Service Leak History (2011-2020)

Leaking Service Replacements Leaking Service Repairs 700

600

151 154 500 274 164 116 319 400 119

300 70 78

453 447 413 57 200 375 344 318 277 282 277 100 179

0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

In 2020, crews were dedicated to surveying City neighbourhoods for otherwise undetected leaks. Identifying and repairing leaking services benefits the City’s water conservation objectives. Throughout the year, the leak detectors identified 200 leaks. The leak detection summary is provided in Table 8.

Table 8. Proactive Leak Detection Results Main City side Hydrant Valve Private Total leaks service leaks leaks leaks side leaks 0 15 122 30 33 200

86% 17%

Water Meters In 2020, the aging meter replacement capital funding was used to replace 225 water meters. Waterworks replaced 74 large meters (>50mm), with a focus on some of the older, more costly meters. The remaining meters replaced were aging small meters (≤50mm).

The City tests large meters every 1-3 years and repairs and replaces them as required. This typically results in an average of 75 replacements per year. Small meters are expected to last 20-25 years depending on their level of consumption. As small meters age, they gradually lose accuracy, and

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 26

after 20-25 years it becomes economical to replace the meter. A large portion of our small meter inventory is approaching the end of its expected life and will require replacement over the next 5 years. Starting in 2021, a large number of small meters will be replaced.

Hydrants

As part of the annual fire hydrant inspection program, 100% of the hydrants in the system were inspected in 2020 to ensure proper operation.

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 27

Financial Review

The Water Utility is self-funded. Water purchases, capital and operating expenses and City debt are paid by revenues collected from water users each year. Total actual expenditures for 2020 were $144.5M. Of this amount, $84.6M was used to purchase bulk potable water from Metro Vancouver and the remaining $59.9M was spent rebuilding and maintaining the water system, including servicing debt costs from past capital borrowing. A breakdown of budgeted versus actual expenditures and revenues is provided in Table 9.

Waterworks carries a “Water Rate Stabilization Reserve” to provide a funding buffer for year- over-year variations in demand and increases of bulk water rates from Metro Vancouver. In 2020, total revenues exceeded total expenditures, so the surplus of $2.85M was transferred to the reserve.

Table 9. 2020 Financial Summary

2020 Revenue Budget Actual Flat Rate ($60,032,619) ($59,311,637) Metered Rate ($80,226,521) ($76,912,560) Meter Service Charge ($4,587,225) ($5,051,174) Fire Line Flat Rate ($3,399,960) ($3,271,852) Other Revenues ($3,270) - Total Revenues ($148,249,595) ($144,547,223)

2020 Expenditures Budget Actual City Debt $43,813,272 $43,813,272 Water Purchases (Metro Vancouver) $88,193,724 $84,611,192 Operating & Maintenance $15,035,689 $13,277,136 Total Expenditures $147,042,685 $141,701,600 Transfer (from)/to Stabilization Reserve $1,206,910 $2,845,623 Total Expenditures (inc. Transfer) $148,249,595 $144,547,223

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 28

Summary

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic highlighted the importance of clean, accessible drinking water for hydration and hygienic purposes. Despite challenges, Waterworks staff adapted and achieved our objectives.

• We delivered over 100 billion litres of safe, high quality drinking water throughout Vancouver. • With businesses and community centres closed, Waterworks increased public access to water by installing innovative, mobile handwashing stations and temporary fountains in high priority areas. • Conversion of 10 temporary drinking fountains into handwashing stations for vulnerable population use during COVID-19 restrictions. • By upholding Water Conservation By-law policies and enforcement, and completing meter installation on all residential properties 0.4 acres or larger, we continued to reduce water wastage, and we developed a Water Demand Management Strategy that addresses key topics for current and future water use. • We continued to improve the water system reliability by replacing deteriorating infrastructure, and, thanks to cooperation among internal and external stakeholders, we were able to take advantage of the reduction in traffic volume to perform water main replacement projects in key commuter routes. • We completed all requisite annual infrastructure inspections.

If you have any questions about Vancouver’s drinking water, please contact the City of Vancouver.

Waterworks Utility Annual Report 2020 29

Appendix A

Water Sampling Stations (Map) 74

76 STANLEY PARK 50 WATER SAMPLING SITES 49 Georgia St. BURRARD INLET 53 DEDICATED STATIONS Robson St. DenmanHaro St. St. 27

Slocan St. Hastings St. 26 Hamilton14 St. Burrard St. Pender St. ENGLISH BAY 15 Homer St. 1 Venables 59 62

60 St. Princess 1st Ave. 17 2

16 8th Ave. Boundary Rd. Broadway 30 Broadway 25 W. 10th Ave. 13

Sasamat St. 34 28 Dr. Commercial 16th Ave.

16th Ave. Hemlock St. Hemlock

Main St. Main 12

Nootka St. Nootka

Knight St. Renfrew St. Renfrew 5 22 24th Ave.

Cambie St. Cambie 3 4 22nd Ave. 55 King Edward Ave. Kingsway

PACIFIC SPIRIT 42

Oak St. Oak Dunbar St. Dunbar

REGIONAL PARK St. Arbutus 29th Ave. 29th Ave. 61 40 56

Granville St. Granville 33rd Ave. 81 33rd Ave. Camosun St. Camosun 18 St. MacDonald 63 37 19 66 58 41st Ave. 39 41st Ave. 36 54 42nd Ave. 64 Dr. Victoria 45th Ave. 38

West Blvd. West 49th Ave. 65 54th Ave. 44 Boundary Rd. 57th Ave. 57th Ave. Argyle Dr. 24 57 45 11 S. W. Marine Dr. 8 St. Kerr FRASER RIVER 9 7 Fraser St. Fraser 46 20 St. Cambie S. W. Marine Dr. 67th Ave. e Marin Dr. W. S.

FRASER RIVER Appendix B

Metals Sampling Results Metals Sampling Results1

COV Sampling COV Sampling COV Sampling COV Sampling COV Sampling Canadian Station 9 Station 19 Station 26 Station 34 Station 39 Metals Units Guideline (MAC) 2 Harrison & Rosedale 38th & Camosun Franklin & Kootenay 10th & Willow 37th & Hudson 2020-Mar-25 2020-Oct-27 2020-Mar-25 2020-Oct-27 2020-Mar-25 2020-Apr-09 2020-Oct-27 2020-Mar-25 2020-Oct-27 2020-Mar-25 2020-Oct-27 Aluminum Total μg/L <100 3 (A/O) 26 40 25 25 75 24 26 26 27 26 25 Antimony Total μg/L 6 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Arsenic Total μg/L 10 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Barium Total μg/L 1000 2 2.4 2 3.4 3.2 2.7 3.5 1.9 3.4 2 3.6 Boron Total μg/L 5000 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 Cadmium Total μg/L 5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Calcium Total μg/L n/a 3940 4510 4040 4540 4300 4570 4550 4170 4470 4130 4590 Chromium Total μg/L 50 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Cobalt Total μg/L n/a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Copper4 Total μg/L ≤1000(A/O) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1 <0.5 <0.5 10.7 3.4 <0.5 <0.5 Iron Total μg/L ≤300 (A/O) 45 114 18 14 5455 25 55 <5 6 <5 <5 Lead Total μg/L 5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Magnesium Total μg/L n/a 149 182 149 193 153 179 193 155 192 153 190 Manganese Total μg/L ≤50 (A/O) 2.7 4.9 1.3 1.9 92.3 4.7 3.1 1.7 2.1 1.4 1.3 Mercury Total μg/L 1 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Molybdenum Total μg/L n/a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Nickel Total μg/L n/a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Potassium Total μg/L n/a 157 201 159 204 160 179 209 160 200 160 200 Selenium Total μg/L 50 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Silver Total μg/L n/a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Sodium Total μg/L ≤200000 (A/O) 1630 1720 1470 1710 1440 1500 1730 1460 1760 1460 1720 Zinc Total μg/L ≤5000 (A/O) <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0

1. Metals analysis performed by Metro Vancouver Laboratory. 2. MAC = Maximum Acceptable Concentration. A/O = Aesthetic Objective. n/a = MAC or A/O not available. 3. A/O for conventional treatment; 200 mg/L for nonconventional treatment types. 4. Copper, Iron, Lead and Zinc require semi-annual testing as per the Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Plan for the GVRD and Member Municipalities. Since the method produces other metal results, these values are also provided. 5. On March 25, use of a nearby hydrant caused turbidity in the cast iron water main serving this sampling station. The station was resampled the following week, and iron levels returned to typical values. Appendix C

Disinfection By-products Disinfection By-products1

THM (ppb) HAA (ppb)

Total THM Quarterly Total HAA Quarterly Average Average

(Guideline Limit 100 (Guideline Limit 80 ppb) ppb) Station Date Sampled Bromodichloromethan Bromoform Chlorodibromomethan Chloroform Trihalomethanes Total Acid Dibromoacetic Acid Dichloroacetic Acid Monobromoacetic Acid Monochloroacetic Acid Trichloroacetic Acid Haloacetic Total 2019-May-13 <1 <1 <1 25 27 <0.5 13 <1 <2 12.7 27.5 2019-Aug-19 1 <1 <1 22 25 <0.5 13 <1 <2 14.8 28.8 COV Sampling Station 2019-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 24 25 <0.5 6 <1 <2 8.1 14.5 3 2020-Feb-24 <1 <1 <1 22 23 25 <0.5 9 <1 <2 9.6 18.7 22 2020-May-28 <1 <1 <1 24 26 <0.5 10 <1 <2 8.9 19.6 Porter & Victoria 25 20 2020-Aug-06 <1 <1 <1 30 32 27 <0.5 11 <1 2 12.2 26.3 20 2020-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 22 23 26 <0.5 11 <1 <2 13.3 26.7 23 2019-May-13 <1 <1 <1 30 32 <0.5 19 <1 2 25.5 47.6 2019-Aug-19 1 <1 <1 26 29 <0.5 14 <1 <2 17.1 32.1 COV Sampling Station 2019-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 27 29 <0.5 7 <1 <2 9.3 17 7 2020-Feb-24 <1 <1 <1 23 24 29 <0.5 <1 <1 <2 <0.5 <5 32 2020-May-28 <1 <1 <1 32 34 <0.5 16 <1 <2 22.5 39 8100 Champlain 29 29 2020-Aug-06 1 <1 <1 29 31 30 <0.5 15 <1 <2 17.6 33.5 30 2020-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 20 21 28 <0.5 9 <1 <2 7.9 18.9 24 2019-May-13 <1 <1 <1 23 25 <0.5 10 <1 <2 8.8 20.9 2019-Aug-19 1 <1 <1 23 26 <0.5 11 <1 <2 9.4 20.7 COV Sampling Station 2019-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 25 26 <0.5 6 <1 <2 6.9 13.3 24 2020-Feb-24 <1 <1 <1 23 24 25 <0.5 9 <1 <2 9.1 18.1 18 2020-May-28 <1 <1 <1 26 28 <0.5 10 <1 <2 9.3 20.4 Champlain & Arlington 26 18 2020-Aug-06 <1 <1 <1 23 25 26 <0.5 9 <1 <2 6.7 16.1 17 2020-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 21 22 25 <0.5 11 <1 <2 9.8 20.8 19 2019-May-13 <1 <1 <1 25 27 <0.5 12 <1 <2 10.6 24.9 2019-Aug-19 2 <1 <1 25 28 <0.5 13 <1 <2 13.7 27.1 COV Sampling Station 2019-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 29 31 <0.5 7 <1 <2 8.9 16.3 28 2020-Feb-24 <1 <1 <1 24 25 28 <0.5 10 <1 <2 12.6 22.9 23 2020-May-28 <1 <1 <1 29 31 <0.5 12 <1 <2 12.4 25.2 10th & Woodland 29 23 2020-Aug-06 1 <1 <1 23 25 28 <0.5 9 <1 <2 8.5 18.9 21 2020-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 23 24 26 <0.5 12 <1 <2 12.4 26.7 23 2019-May-13 <1 <1 <1 18 20 <0.5 9 <1 <2 6.2 16.7 2019-Aug-19 1 <1 <1 19 21 <0.5 10 <1 <2 9.1 19.8 COV Sampling Station 2019-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 20 21 <0.5 5 <1 <2 5.8 11.5 30 2020-Feb-24 <1 <1 <1 18 20 28 <0.5 7 <1 <2 6.5 14.4 16 2020-May-28 <1 <1 <1 23 25 <0.5 9 <1 <2 6.5 16.1 1100 Foundry Quay 22 15 2020-Aug-06 <1 <1 <1 16 18 21 <0.5 7 <1 <2 4.8 12.1 14 2020-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 22 23 22 <0.5 12 <1 <2 12.3 26.1 17

1. Disinfection By-product analysis performed by Metro Vancouver Laboratory. Disinfection By-products1

THM (ppb) HAA (ppb)

Total THM Quarterly Total HAA Quarterly Average Average

(Guideline Limit 100 (Guideline Limit 80 ppb) ppb) Station Date Sampled Bromodichloromethan Bromoform Chlorodibromomethan Chloroform Trihalomethanes Total Acid Dibromoacetic Acid Dichloroacetic Acid Monobromoacetic Acid Monochloroacetic Acid Trichloroacetic Acid Haloacetic Total 2019-May-13 <1 <1 <1 27 29 <0.5 17 <1 <2 22.3 41.8* 2019-Aug-19 1 <1 <1 23 25 <0.5 13 <1 <2 13.4 27.4 COV Sampling Station 2019-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 24 25 <0.5 5 <1 <2 6.4 12.6 46 2020-Feb-24 <1 <1 <1 21 22 25 <0.5 8 <1 <2 9.1 17.7 25 2020-May-28 1 <1 <1 37 39 28 <0.5 18 <1 2 25.6 46.3 26 North Kent & Fraser 2020-Aug-06 <1 <1 <1 23 25 28 <0.5 11 <1 <2 10.4 22.5 25 2020-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 19 20 27 <0.5 10 <1 <2 8.9 21.4 27 2019-May-13 <1 <1 <1 25 27 <0.5 13 <1 <2 10.7 24.8 2019-Aug-19 1 <1 <1 21 24 <0.5 10 <1 <2 10 21.2 COV Sampling Station 2019-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 24 25 <0.5 5 <1 <2 7.5 13.8 54 2020-Feb-24 <1 <1 <1 21 23 25 <0.5 8 <1 <2 8.8 17.4 19 Salish & Sennok 2020-May-28 <1 <1 <1 26 28 25 <0.5 10 <1 <2 8.4 19 18 2020-Aug-06 <1 <1 <1 19 21 24 <0.5 8 <1 <2 6.2 14.9 16 2020-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 22 23 24 <0.5 9 <1 <2 9.2 19 18 2019-May-13 <1 <1 <1 24 26 <0.5 10 <1 <2 8.2 20.4 2019-Aug-19 1 <1 <1 22 25 <0.5 11 <1 <2 10.4 21.9 COV Sampling Station 2019-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 22 23 <0.5 5 <1 <2 5.3 10.6 58 2020-Feb-24 <1 <1 <1 20 21 24 <0.5 7 <1 <2 6.4 13.7 17 Euclid & Chatham 2020-May-28 <1 <1 <1 22 24 23 <0.5 7 <1 <2 5.2 13.7 15 2020-Aug-06 <1 <1 <1 21 22 23 <0.5 7 <1 <2 4.1 11.2 12 2020-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 21 22 22 <0.5 11 <1 <2 9.1 20.2 15 2019-May-13 <1 <1 <1 26 28 <0.5 11 <1 <2 10.1 23.2 2019-Aug-19 1 <1 <1 21 24 <0.5 10 <1 <2 10.9 21.9 COV Sampling Station 2019-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 31 32 <0.5 3 <1 <2 9.2 13.6 62 2020-Feb-24 <1 <1 <1 27 28 28 <0.5 9 <1 <2 11.5 20.8 20 2020-May-28 <1 <1 <1 24 26 28 <0.5 7 <1 <2 6.1 14.1 18 Belmont & Tolmie 2020-Aug-06 <1 <1 <1 30 32 30 <0.5 7 <1 <2 6.9 14.1 16 2020-Dec-02 <1 <1 <1 28 29 29 <0.5 5 <1 <2 13.5 19.1 17

1. Disinfection By-product analysis performed by Metro Vancouver Laboratory. Appendix D

Groundwater Sampling Results Groundwater Sampling Program - Results1

Canadian Guideline 3 Langara Golf Course - Langara Golf Course - Oakridge site Fraserview Golf Course McCleery Golf Course for Drinking Parking Lot Trail Water(MAC) 2 27-Oct-20 19-Oct-2020 19-Oct-2020 19-Oct-2020 19-Oct-2020 Physical Tests Conductivity ( µS/cm) n/a 352 177.0 182 177 221 Alkalinity, Total (as CaCO3) (mg/L) n/a 60.5 81.5 75.9 82 107 Colour, True (CU) ≤15 A/O <5.0 <5.0 11.3 <5.0 13.3 Hardness (as CaCO3) (mg/L) n/a 121 57 55.3 57 61.9 pH 7.0 - 10.5 7.00 8.30 8.21 8.3 8.34 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) ≤500 A/O 260 124 126 124 158 Turbidity (NTU) ≤1.00 0.20 <0.10 0.80 <0.10 0.15 Anions and Nutrients Chloride (Cl) (mg/L) ≤250 53.2 2.07 4.03 2.07 3.83 Fluoride (F) (mg/L) ≤1.5 0.030 0.122 0.134 0.122 0.199 Nitrate (as N) (mg/L) ≤10 1.87 <0.0050 <0.0050 <0.0050 <0.0050 Nitrite (as N) (mg/L) ≤3.2 <0.0010 <0.0010 <0.0010 <0.0010 <0.0010 Sulfate (SO4) (mg/L) ≤500 24.5 2.39 5.68 2.39 1.54 Bacteriological Tests E. coli (MPN/100mL) <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Coliform Bacteria - Total (MPN/100mL) <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

1. Lab analysis performed on grab samples by Metro Vancouver laboratory 2. MAC = Maximum Acceptable Concentration. A/O = Aesthetic Objective. None = MAC or A/O not available 3. The “Oakridge site” is not City-owned. A long-standing agreement exists between its owner and the City of Vancouver for use of groundwater in the event of an emergency. 4. 0.1 mg/L for conventional treatment; 0.2 for other treatment types. Groundwater Sampling Program - Results1

Canadian Guideline 3 Langara Golf Course - Langara Golf Course - Oakridge site Fraserview Golf Course McCleery Golf Course for Drinking Parking Lot Trail Water(MAC) 2 27-Oct-20 19-Oct-2020 19-Oct-2020 19-Oct-2020 19-Oct-2020 Total Metals Aluminum (Al)-Total (mg/L) 0.2 (A/O) 4 <0.0100 <0.0100 <0.0100 <0.0100 <0.0100 Antimony (Sb)-Total (mg/L) 0.006 <0.00050 <0.00050 <0.00050 <0.00050 <0.00050 Arsenic (As)-Total (mg/L) 0.01 0.0007 0.00339 0.00356 0.00339 0.00657 Barium (Ba)-Total (mg/L) 1 <0.0200 <0.0200 <0.0200 <0.0200 <0.0200 Boron (B)-Total (mg/L) 5 <0.100 <0.100 <0.100 <0.100 <0.100 Cadmium (Cd)-Total (mg/L) 0.005 <0.00020 <0.000200 <0.000200 <0.000200 <0.000200 Calcium (Ca)-Total (mg/L) n/a 32.4 15.60 13.8 15.6 17.2 Chromium (Cr)-Total (mg/L) 0.05 <0.00200 <0.00200 <0.00200 <0.00200 <0.00200 Copper (Cu)-Total (mg/L) 1.0 (A/O) 0.00907 <0.00100 <0.00100 <0.00100 <0.00100 Iron (Fe)-Total (mg/L) 0.3 (A/O) 0.064 0.038 0.107 0.038 0.046 Lead (Pb)-Total (mg/L) 0.005 <0.000500 <0.000500 <0.000500 <0.000500 <0.000500 Magnesium (Mg)-Total (mg/L) n/a 9.79 4.40 5.04 4.40 4.63 Manganese (Mn)-Total (mg/L) 0.05 (A/O) <0.00200 0.0515 0.072 0.0515 0.0641 Mercury (Hg)-Total (mg/L) 0.001 <0.0000050 <0.0000050 <0.0000050 <0.0000050 <0.0000050 Potassium (K)-Total (mg/L) n/a 4.26 4.58 2.76 4.58 3.18 Selenium (Se)-Total (mg/L) 0.01 <0.00100 <0.00100 <0.00100 <0.00100 <0.00100 Sodium (Na)-Total (mg/L) 200 (A/O) 17.2 10.4 14.2 10.4 21.2 Uranium (U)-Total (mg/L) 0.02 0.000298 <0.000100 <0.000100 <0.000100 <0.000100 Zinc (Zn)-Total (mg/L) 5.0 (A/O) <0.0500 <0.0500 <0.0500 <0.0500 <0.0500

Canadian Guideline 3 Langara Golf Course - Langara Golf Course - Oakridge site Fraserview Golf Course McCleery Golf Course for Drinking Parking Lot Trail Water(MAC) 2 27-Oct-20 19-Oct-2020 19-Oct-2020 Volatile Organic Compounds (mg/L) Chlorobenzene n/a <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 Chloromethane n/a <0.0050 samples not required samples not required <0.005 <0.005 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 0.2 <0.0005 <0.001 <0.001 1,3-Dichlorobenzene n/a <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 0.005 <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 1,2-Dichloropropane n/a <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 cis & Trans 1,3-Dichloropropylene n/a <0.0010 <0.0005 <0.0005 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane n/a <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane n/a <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 1,1,2-Trichloroethane n/a <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 Trichlorofluoromethane n/a <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 Volatile Organic Compounds [Drycleaning] (mg/L) Carbon Tetrachloride 0.002 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 Chloroethane n/a <0.0010 samples not required samples not required <0.001 <0.001 1,1-Dichloroethane 0.014 <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 1,2-Dichloroethane 0.005 <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 1,1-Dichloroethylene 0.014 <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene n/a <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene n/a <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 Dichloromethane 0.05 <0.0050 <0.005 <0.005 Tetrachloroethylene 0.01 <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 1,1,1-Trichloroethane n/a <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 Vinyl Chloride 0.002 <0.0004 <0.0004 <0.0004 Volatile Organic Compounds [Fuels] (mg/L) Benzene (mg/L) 0.005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 Ethylbenzene 0.14 <0.0005 Samples not required Samples not required <0.0005 <0.0005 Styrene n/a <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 Toluene 0.06 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 Meta- & Para-Xylene n/a <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 Ortho-Xylene n/a <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 Xylenes (total) 0.09 <0.00075 <0.00075 <0.00075 Volatile Organic Compounds [THMs] (mg/L) Bromodichloromethane n/a <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 Bromoform n/a <0.0010 Samples not required Samples not required <0.001 <0.001 Chloroform n/a <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001 Dibromochloromethane n/a <0.0010 <0.001 <0.001

1. Lab analysis performed s by ALS Laboratory 2. MAC = Maximum Acceptable Concentration. A/O = Aesthetic Objective. None = MAC or A/O not available 3. The “Oakridge site” is not City-owned. A long-standing agreement exists between its owner and the City of Vancouver for use of groundwater in the event of an emergency. 4. 0.1 mg/L for conventional treatment; 0.2 for other treatment types. Appendix E

Sampling Station Characterization Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 1 COV Sampling Station 2 COV Sampling Station 3 Adanac & Garden 2nd & Garden Porter & Victoria

Note: Beginning in summer 2020, Metro Vancouver temporarily increased chlorine levels to assist with flushing stagnant water and introducing fresh chlorinated water into plumbing of buildings and businesses that may have been un- or under-occupied for some times, until the majority of businesses were able to re-open. Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 4 COV Sampling Station 5 COV Sampling Station 7 20th & Penticton Haida & Malta 8100 Champlain Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 8 COV Sampling Station 9 COV Sampling Station 11 Bobolink & Vivian Harrison & Rosedale 59th & Fraser Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 12 COV Sampling Station 13 COV Sampling Station 14 15th & Prince Edward 11th & Prince Edward 250 W Pender Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 15 COV Sampling Station 16 COV Sampling Station 17 1143 Davie 3792 W 4th 3rd & Sasamat Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 18 COV Sampling Station 19 COV Sampling Station 20 35th & Camosun 38th & Camosun 68th & Cornish Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 22 COV Sampling Station 24 COV Sampling Station 25 1690 Matthews Champlain & Arlington 7th & Nootka Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 26 COV Sampling Station 27 COV Sampling Station 28 Franklin & Kootenay Wall & Slocan 10th & Woodland Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 30 COV Sampling Station 34 COV Sampling Station 36 1100 Foundry Quay Wall & Slocan Euclid & Cecil Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 37 COV Sampling Station 38 COV Sampling Station 39 33rd & St Catherines 45th & Main 37th & Hudson Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 40 COV Sampling Station 42 COV Sampling Station 44 28th & Willow King Edward & Wallace Balaclava & Celtic Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 45 COV Sampling Station 46 COV Sampling Station 49 59th & Cambie N Kent & Fraser 2nd & Beach

COV Sampling Station 50 COV Sampling Station 54 COV Sampling Station 55 Brockton Point Salish & Sennok 23rd & Balaclava Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 56 COV Sampling Station 57 COV Sampling Station 58 26th & Skeena 58th & Angus Euclid & Chatham Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 59 COV Sampling Station 60 COV Sampling Station 61 Malkin & Atlantic York & Vine Valley & King Edward Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 62 COV Sampling Station 63 COV Sampling Station 64 Belmont & Tolmie 33rd & Dumfries 43rd & Manitoba

WSS-064 W 43rd & Manitoba was not available for sampling in August 2020 as the water main along W 43rd was undergoing replacement at that time. Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 65 COV Sampling Station 66 COV Sampling Station 74 49th & Dawson 41st & Laburnum Prospect Point Sampling Station Characterization

COV Sampling Station 76 COV Sampling Station 81 Teahouse Restaurant Seasons Restaurant

The drop in chlorine between Oct-Dec at CoV Sampling Station 81 Seasons Restaurant was caused by damage to the water main, which restricted water flow. For More Information: Visit: vancouver.ca Phone: 3-1-1 TTY: 7-1-1 Outside Vancouver: 604-873-7000

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