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170907 GN Short History UBC School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture LARC 444/553 Green Network Planning September 7, 2017 GREEN NETWORKS A Short History A Very Selective History…. THEMES 1. Origins of green space systems 2. Greenspace systems influence urban form 3. Early green infrastructure 4. Origins- Green networks in Vancouver EARLY GREEN SYSTEMS THINKING & PLANS Olmsted(s), Kessler, Cleveland FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED by creativemarket.com FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED (FLO) First to coin “landscape architect”/ Father of Landscape Architecture With Calvert Vaux, designed Central Park in 1858 Landscape architecture consulting firm 1865- 1898 Olmsted Brothers: FLO Junior and John Charles 1898- ?? source Getty Images BUFFALO PARK SYSTEM Olmsted & Vaux 1868-1872 USA- “first system of parks and historic parkways” Buffalo Olmsted Parks Conservancy Source: Albert Fein, (1972) FLO and the American Environmental Tradition. BOSTON PARK SYSTEM aka Emerald Necklace (1878-1895) Frederick Law Olmsted, Charles Elliot, John Charles Olmsted, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. (Olmsted coined the term “park system”) source wikimedia.org BACK BAY FENS First Green Infrastructure “Frederick Law Olmsted….proposed to flush out the stagnant waterway and add naturalisc planngs to emulate the original de marsh ecology of the Fenway area. His plan was true to both the character of the land and the needs of the growing populaon.” Boston Mayor Marn J. Walsh Boston Park Department & Olmsted Landscape Architects, “Map of the Back Bay Fens,” The Urban Imagination, accessed September 4, 2017, http:// dighist.fas.harvard.edu/courses/2015/HUM54/items/show/70. KANSAS CITY PARK SYSTEM (1883- present) George Kessler 1893 1977 Heckscher: Planning the “bones” or structure of the city & Expandable system source Heckscher 1977, page 200, 201 MINNEAPOLIS PARK SYSTEM (1880’s) H.W.S. (Horace) Cleveland Heckscher: Protecting and interconnecting natural features A city of parkways A city characterized by natural features source Heckscher 1977, page 207 94 HUMBOLDT GREENWAY JOHN C. CREEKVIEW PARK BOHANON PARK PARK SHINGLE CREEK MINNEAPOLIS PARK SYSTEM (2017) 49th Ave N PARK 49TH AVENUE OSSEO ROAD CORRIDOR PROPERTY NORTH Ryan Lake MISSISSIPPI PARK Memorial Pkwy 37th Ave NE VICTORY Webber PARK CHARLES C. Pond ARCHITECT WEBBER HIVIEW TRIANGLE PARK CAVELL 42nd Ave N PARK Pkwy PARK mbia WAITE N Colu PARK e e COLUMBIA 34th Ave NE Av PARK / GOLF oldt 94 St Anthony Pkwy mb Hu Memorial Pkwy Memorial Dowling Ave N St An St NE St DEMING HEIGHTS th PARK on hall y Pk PERKINS rs 29th Ave NE wy FOLWELL HILL Ma PARK PARK MARSHALL NE NE N e NE AUDUB ON e TERRACE St e e PARK PARK Av Av Av ty l l CLEVELAND si ra OAK CREST ysses ysses PARK er nt TRIANGLE iv Ul FRANCIS A. Ce Lyndale Lowry Ave N Un Lowry Ave NE GROSS We EDGEWATER GOLF 23rd Av e NE st PARK COURSE Broadw WINDOM 35W NE PARK JORDAN GLUEK JACKSON wy BOTTINEAU SQUARE re St ay PARK PARK FIELD Pk mo h ll Stinson Pkwy NEWTON ORVIN St NE Fi Wirt "OLE" TRIANGLE FARVIEW oe GLEN OLSON NE PARK nr Ridgway Pkwy RUSSELL GALE PARK St PARK Mo NORTHEAST VALLEY VIEW TRIANGLE COTTAGE 2nd ICE PARK ARENA PARK IRVING TRIANGLE SHERIDAN LOGAN OLIVER NORTHEAST MEMORIAL PARK TRIANGLE West Broadway PARK PARK Golden Valley Rd N Broadway St NE e WASHINGTON WILLARD SCHERER TRIANGLE Av DICKMAN PARK PARK SIBLEY BELTRAMI ng PARK PARK e NE TRIANGLE NORTH 94 Av COMMONS Irvi HALL PARK 8th PARK PIONEER MO NROE PLACE Best Park System in connental TRIANGLE Plymouth Ave N TRIANGLE James I. ST ANTHONY Twin Lake BOOM ISLAND BF NELSON in East Hennepin MARY McLEOD PARK PARK PARK nnep BETHUNE FARWELL SUMNER Rice Pkwy st He PARK Ea PARK LOVELL FIELD CHUTE SQUARE SQUARE NW BELL HOLMES PROPERTY THEODORE PARK VAN CLEVE WIRTH BARNES HUMBOLDT FIRST PARK PARK / GOLF PLACE Main St TRIANGLE BRIDGE MARCY 55 PARK NICOLLET HENNEPIN ISLAND PARK ke BLUFFS THE US- 2013 Trust for Public Land PARK HARRISON GATEWAY SE h La rt Glenwood Ave N PARK e FUJI YA PROPERTY Av Wi BASSETT'S CREEK 35W 394 LUCY WILDER th PARK Rd STONE ARCH Ave MORRIS PARK 15 Theodore Wirth Pkwy ke in S BRIDGE LOT La r e MILL RUINS nnep da Av PARK Ce BRYN MAWR He d Un MEADOWS 3r iver SE si e ty Av Birch Pond LAUREL Av 8t e SE TRIANGLE THE h St S BOHEMIAN ParkScore ranking ms PARADE FLATS EAST RIVER FLATS lia TOWER Wil HILL 394 Spring PARK AVENUE CURRIE PARK Lake Loring PARK GEORGE Pond LORING TRIANGLE Mississi LUXTON CLARENCE PARK 14th St E ELLIOT VINELAND FRANKLIN STEELE ppi PARK TRIANGLE Brownie PARK Ri BARTON FREMONT TRIANGLE SQUARE MURPHY ve Lake CLIFTON SVEA r TRIANGLE BEDFORD TRIANGLE SQUARE THOMAS TRIANGLE 94 35W TRIANGLE TRIANGLE AIL TR ORLIN TRIANGLE LAKE KENWOOD LOWRY STEVENS CEDAR Cedar Kenwood Pkwy PARK PARK SQUARE FRANK H. PEAVEY 94 CALEB DORR Lake RIVERSIDE PARK CHERGOSKY Franklin Ave W FIELD CIRCLE PARK PROPERTY Franklin Ave E East River Pkwy Pkwy KENWOOD PHILLIPS POOL EAST PHILLIPS & GYM PARK Cedar Lake TRIANGLE SMITH WASHBURN PARK West River Pkwy TRIANGLE FAIR OAKS NORMANNA RESERVE BLOCK 40 24th St W PARK TRIANGLE PARK JOANN CLINTON FIELD LEVIN DORILUS MATTHEWS Pkwy MUELLER CEDAR AVENUE PARK 26th St Lake of the Isles Lake PARK MORRISON PARK FIELD 94 of the PARK 35W S 55 Isles S e e WEST END TRIANGLE WHITTIER S Pkwy STEWART S e Av PARK Av PARK e CHOWEN TRIANGLE Av BRACKETT Dean Av r SOO LINE ago PARK THE MALL S FIELD th da GARDEN ic ALCOTT TRIANGLE SIDING e Lyndale 29 Ce Ch PARK Lake St W Av Lake St E ST LOUIS TRIANGLE BRYANT S th e SQUARE 10 S Av e s Av en th ev 38 St S CORCORAN Ave Powderhorn ROLLINS e Lake PARK SEVEN OAKS in TRIANGLE GREEN OVAL Av PAINTER Lake nt CENTRAL nnep PARK GYM LONGFELLOW 35th St E Lake Calhoun PkwyLake Calhoun Calhoun POWDERHORN He Brya PARK S PARK 36th St W e Av th 38th St E 38th St W 20 William Berry 39th St W WILLIAM LYNDALE BERRY Pkwy FARMSTEAD PARK S e ADAMS 40th St W EDMUND J. SIBLEY PHELPS Av TRIANGLE PA RK PARK th LINDEN HILLS S Hills Blvd Hills 28 42nd St E FIELD e S DR. MARTIN Av r LUTHER e Linden da 43rd St W KING PARK Av HIAWATHA MEADOWBROOK Ce SCHOOL DELL Pkwy 55 PARK GOLF COURSE WAVELAND komis PARK Lake Harriet TRIANGLE No BEARD'S King's Highway HIAWATHA Lake MINNEHAHA PLAISANCE Lake Harriet 46th St W PARK / GOLF Hiawatha CREEK PARK S e S e MCRAE Godfrey Pkwy RUSTIC LODGE Av 48th St W Av PARK nd MINNEHAHA TRIANGLE la Minnehaha Creek Pkwy PARK wy LYNNHURST FULLER Pk PERSHING Port S Minnehaha Park Dr PARK PARK nnehaha PARK 50th St W Lyndale 50th St E E Mi S S ELMWOOD e e GLADSTONE TRIANGLE S e Av Av MINNEHAHA TRIANGLE Pkwy KEEWAYDIN Av en es CREEK PARK PARK th ow Nokomis 40 Xerx Minnehaha Creek Pkwy Ch PEARL Lake 54th St W Diam PARK Lake SHOREVIEW & 54TH ST E ondLake Rd Nokomis W PROPERTY MORRIS S E Rd 55th St E 1 PARK e SHOREVIEW & 54 /2 ST E S Av PROPERTY e rn rn ARMATAGE Av SHOREVIEW & KENNY S S bu PARK GEORGE 55TH ST E Diamond e nn PARK e BOSSEN sh Lake TODD PROPERTY Av Pe FIELD WINDOM SOUTH PARK Av th Wa 58th St W PARK r 28 S da e PENN MODEL S Ce e VILLAGE TRIANGLE Av WASHBURN Av DIAMOND AVENUE t LAKE ago EDWARD C. SOLOMON TOTLOT on PARK ic PARK Grass Ch Lake Frem minneapolisparks.org LEONARD H. NEIMAN SPORTS COMPLEX FORT SNELLING GOLF 35W INFLUENCES IN CANADA 1877 Mount Royal Park, Montreal F. L. Olmsted Sr. FREDERICK TODD, Landscape Architect First resident landscape architect in Canada EXAMPLES OF WORK: 1904 Assiniboine Park, Winnipeg 1899 Park system of the National Capital- Ottawa 1905 Park system, Edmonton Residential developments in Vancouver- Shaughnessy and Point Grey Greenspaces along the North Saskatchewan River, Edmonton OLMSTED BROTHERS- PORTLAND John Charles Olmsted, December 1903 Proposed system of parks for Portland, Oregon • parks should be part of a system • park systems should be comprehensive • connected by boulevards and parkways • sited to take advantage of natural landscapes & scenery • include ill-drained areas and areas subject to flooding Unknown author_graphic interpretation of the John Charles Olmsted proposal PORTLAND 2035 Comprehensive Plan (2016) Vision for greenways and habitat areas OLMSTED BROTHERS- SEATTLE (1903 - 1941) 1903 Plan for a parks system “The primary aim should be to secure and preserve for the use of the people … these advantages of water and mountain views and of woodlands… An ideal system would involve taking all of the borders of the different bodies of water…and to enlarge these fringes at suitable and convenient points.” John Charles Olmsted, 1903 Source: Heckscher 1977, page 75 VANCOUVER CANADA- LARGE PARKS 1870 - 1900 Major parks acquired in most major cities Stanley Park, Vancouver established 1887 (incremental development) Stanley Park, 1916, source: City of Vancouver Archives HASTINGS PARK Acquired by the City in 1889 Looking northeast 1960 Sources: City of Vancouver Archives, Plan 1915 Hastings Park Masterplan HASTINGS PARK returning to early visions…. The sanctuary in Hastings Park (PFS Studio) Sources: Hastings Park Masterplan, Friends of Hastings Park VANCOUVER- 1928 Harland Bartholomew Plan Comprehensive plan for the City of Vancouver PLEASURE DRIVE SYSTEM PLEASURE DRIVE —> Heritage Landscape 1993 designated a heritage landscape by City of Vancouver 1968 1982 PARKS MASTERPLAN 1992 URBAN LANDSCAPE TASK FORCE CHAIR: Moura Quayle, Landscape Architect PRINCIPLES • Recognize legacies • Recognize diversity and balance • Care for/respect the environment • Make connections • Create a community • Encourage innovation • Be fair and equitable • Make informed decisions 1992 URBAN LANDSCAPE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDATIONS (select) PROMOTE THE URBAN FOREST • Establish urban greenways • Increase the amount and improve • Celebrate legacies the health of the urban forest over • Prepare a public realm plan the next 10 years • Reclaim local streets for bicycles • A heritage tree inventory & • Undertake a landscape inventory heritage tree protection • Prepare an ecological management • Reforestation plan • Research into tree planting • Ecological performance standards • Master street tree planting plan- • Promote the urban forest every street • Cultivate the city of gardens • Urban villages ESTABLISH URBAN GREENWAYS Urban Landscape Task Force City of Vancouver 1995 GREENWAYS PLAN A system of paths for walking and cycling across the city.
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