Marquette History of Theology

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MARQUETTE

VOLUME II:

LATE MEDIEVAL TO 1800

Edited by Patrick Carey

In Collaboration With Michel René Barnes Alexander Golitzin Mickey Mattox Marcus Wriedt David Schultenover Wanda Zemler-Cizewski 1

CONTENTS

SECTION I: LATE MEDIEVAL THEOLOGY, 1350-1500 Jean Gerson ...... 1 On Mystical Theology ...... 2 Jean Gerson: Selections from A Deo exivit, Contra curiositatem studentium and De mystica theologia speculativa, ed. and trans. Steven E. Ozment, Textus Minores, vol. 38 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1969), 47–73, 85–89. Gabriel Biel ...... 13 The Circumcision of the Lord ...... 14 Heiko Augustinus Oberman, Forerunners of the Reformation: The Shape of Late Medieval Thought (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966), 165–74. Desiderius Erasmus ...... 22 The Praise of Folly ...... 23 Karl F. Thompson, ed., Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Reformation, 3rd ed., Classics of Western Thought, vol. 2 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1980), 286–302. Excerpts from Desiderius Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, trans. by Hoyt Hopewell Hudson (copyright 1941 © 1969 by Princeton University Press; Princeton Paperback, 1970), 16–125.

SECTION II: BYZANTINE CHURCH, 1350-1800 Nicholas Cabasilas ...... 36 The Life in Christ ...... 37 Nicholas Cabasilas, The Life in Christ, trans. Carmino J. deCatanzaro (Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1974), 43–63. St. Seraphim of Sarov ...... 49 A Conversation of St. Seraphim of Sarov ...... 49 A Treasury of Russian Spirituality, ed. George P. Fedotov (New York: Sheed & Ward, 1948), 266–79, 496–97.

SECTION III: THE REFORMATION TO TRENT, 1500-1570 Martin Luther ...... 59 The Freedom of a Christian ...... 62 Martin Luther’s Basic Theological Writings, ed. Timothy F. Lull (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1989), 595–629. John Calvin ...... 83 Institutes of the Christian Religion ...... 86 John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, ed. John T. McNeill, trans. Ford Lewis Battles, The Library of Christian Classics, vol. XX–XXI (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1960 ), 244–52, 254–55, 920–32. Thomas De Vio Cajetan ...... 106 Faith and Works—against the Lutherans ...... 107 Cajetan Responds: A Reader in Reformation Controversy, ed. and trans. Jared Wicks, S.J. (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1978), 219–239, 290–292. Ignatius of Loyola ...... 123 The Spiritual Exercises ...... 123 Karl F. Thompson, ed., Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Reformation, 3rd ed. , Classics of Western Thought, vol. 2 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1980), 568–75. The 2

Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola, trans. Charles Seager (London: Dolman, 1847), 1–4, 15–17, 25–26, 173–85. The Council of Trent ...... 131 Decree Concerning Justification ...... 131 Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, trans., Rev. H. J. Schroeder, O.P. (St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co., 1941), 29–46.

SECTION IV: BAROQUE ERA AND CONFESSIONALISM, 1570-1700 Robert Bellarmine ...... 144 On the Word of God ...... 146 Selections from Robert Bellarmine on Scripture and Tradition. From Roberti Bellarmini Opera omnia (Naples: Apud Josephum Giuliano, 1836) vol. I, trans. John Patrick Donnelly, S.J. Jacobus Arminius ...... 159 A Declaration of the Sentiments of Arminius ...... 160 The Works of James Arminius, The London Edition, vol. 1, trans. James Nichols and William Nichols (1825; rprt. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1986), 653–58. The Canons of the Synod of Dort ...... 167 Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, 6th ed. (1919; rpt. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1966), 3:581–97. William Ames ...... 179 The Marrow of Theology ...... 180 John D. Eusden, ed., The Marrow of Theology, William Ames 1576–1633 (Boston; Philadelphia: Pilgrim Press, 1968), 149–74. Johann Gerhard ...... 200 “Image of God in Man,” from Loci Theologici ...... 201 Herrman A. Preus and Edmund Smits, eds., The Doctrine of Man in Classical Lutheran Theology (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1962), 32–66. Blaise Pascal ...... 221 The Provincial Letters ...... 222 Seventeenth Letter ...... 222 Eighteenth Letter ...... 233 Pascal: The Provincial Letters, trans. A. J. Krailsheimer (New York: Penguin Books, 1967), 259–98. François Turretin ...... 239 Concerning the Decrees of God ...... 240 Reformed Dogmatics: J. Wollebius, G. Voetius, F. Turretin, ed. and trans. John W. Beardslee III, A Library of Protestant Thought (New York: Oxford University Press, 1965), 337–60.

SECTION V: THE AGE OF PIETISM AND ENLIGHTENMENT, 1700-1800 Philipp Jakob Spener ...... 258 From the Pia Desideria ...... 259 Pietists: Selected Writings, ed. Peter C. Erb (New York: Paulist Press, 1983), 31–49. Reprinted with permission from Philipp Jakob Spener, Pia desideria, translated, edited, and with an Introduction by Theodore G. Tappert (Philadephia: Fortress Press, 1964), 87–122. 3

Jonathan Edwards ...... 272 Sermon I: “A Divine and Supernatural Light” ...... 275 The Works of President Edwards, (1817–47; rpt. New York: Burt Franklin, 1968), 8:3–20. Matthew Tindal ...... 289 Christianity as Old as the Creation ...... 290 Matthew Tindal, Christianity As Old As the Creation (1730; rpt., Stuttgart: Verlag, 1967), 374–419, 431–32. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing ...... 316 The Education of the Human Race ...... 316 Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Theological Writings, trans. Henry Chadwick (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1957), 82–98. Joseph Butler ...... 330 The Analogy of Religion ...... 331 Bishop Butler, The Analogy of Religion Natural and Revealed (1736; New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1906; rpt. 1927), xxiv–xxxii, 181–98, 245–53. Immanuel Kant ...... 353 Critique of Pure Reason ...... 353 Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, trans. Norman Kemp Smith (London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd., 1956), 525–31.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... 359

CHRISTIAN WRITERS AND TEXTS ...... 362

SCRIPTURAL INDEX ...... 366