Are Also Chapters on Education for the Culturally Disadvantaged, Crime
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DOCUMEN T RESUME ED 024 703 UD 006 450 By- Tumin, Melvin M., Ed. Research Annual on Intergroup Relations, 1965: A Research Study of the Anti-DefamationLeague of B'ned B'rith. B'nai B'rith, New York, N.Y. Anti-Defamation League. Pub Date 66 Note- 185p. Available from-Frederick A. Praeger, Inc.,I I 1 Fourth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10003 ($1.95). EDRS Price MF-0.75 HC-$9.35 Descriptors- Action Programs (Community), *Annotated Bibliographies, Attitudes, Civil Rights, Crime, Culturally Disadvantaged, Delinquency, Educational Opportunities, Ethnic Groups. *Intergroup Relations, International Education, Race, Religious Cultural Groups, *Research Reviews (Publications), Social Discrimination This annual bulletin offers digests of research in intergroup relations during the period of September. 1964 to April, 1965. The reported studiesare grouped under the rubrics of. (1) researchin attitudes. (2) studies in the characteristics, structure, and position ofethnic,racial,religious, and national groups;(3) patterns of discrimination. segregation, desegregation. and "integration; and (4) civil rights. There arealso chapters on educationforthe culturallydisadvantaged,crime and delinquency, the radical right, and miscellaneous studies. One section is devoted to various action programs relevant to intergroup relations. (NH) 113:-DIPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE I PERSON OR ORGANIZATIONORICIIIATIIICIvIED. Ilm ITII.DrIIIITC ilE uittli aro rvInt., InIFI:.0 V. 1.11%-"I'MONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION 1POSITION OR POLICY. ResearchAnnual on Intergroup Relations1965 "A RESEARCH STUDYOF THE ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUEOF B'NAI B'RITH A clothbound editionof the Research Annualis being published simultaneouslyby Frederick A. Praeger,P-iblishers © 1966 by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS COPYRIGHTED MATERIALHAS BEEN GRANTED BYari+; .477.41teek of TO ERIC ANDORGANIZATIONS OPERATING WITH THE U.S. OFFICEOF UNDER AGREEMENTS EDUCATION. FURTHERREPRODUCTION OUTSIDE OF THE ERIC SYSTEMREQUIRES PERMISSION THE COPYRIGHTOWNER." ................/141......00. , 1 Research Annualon Intergroup Relations1965 PREPARED BY THE Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE Committee on Desegregation and Integration, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, Division 9 of the American Psychological Association AND THE Committee on Intergroup Relations, Society for the Study of Social Problems, Affiliated with the American Sociological Association FOREWORD Continuing an annual enterprise begun in 1958, this bulletin is designed to provide digests of research in the field of inter- group relations for the period September 1964 to April 1965. It includes recently completed, presently ongoing, andcon- templated projects. The information on which the digests are based was secured from responses to questionnaires sent out to persons identified as possibly active in the field of inter- group relations. The bulk of the inquiries were sent to the members of the Society for the Study of Social Problems and the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues,as well as to university personnel, human relations organizations and concerned government agencies. Thisyear, more than in previous years, inquiries were also sent to a sample of scholars from various foreign countries and theirresponses have been most gratifying. Since the term "intergroup relations" is notper se clear in its limits, one must be arbitrary and selective in deciding what to include. Our decision was to confine the bulletin to reports of research on relations among groups thatwere ethnic, racial, religious, or national in character. Asa corollary, we have generally excluded research about relationsamong groups defined by such other criteria as socio-economic class,or age, or degrees of mental retardation and normality, or political preferences, etc. There are, ofcourse, exceptions to these general guides, but such exceptions almost alwaysprove to be mixed cases, e.g., where both race and class define thegroups. Other exceptions, minimal in number, involvecases in which the research was considered especially interestingand signifi- ., cant. The reports received were, expectably, of varying fullness. Some respondents sent completely developed articles and monographs, while others simply noted the titles of their researches or a simple descriptive sentence or two. Except where otherwise indicated, we have followed the procedure of presenting first, in each section, the fully-reported studies and then those for which we had only titles or simple descriplions. These distinctions are marked in each section. The reader will also find studies marked by single and double asterisks. The single asterisk denotes an ongoing study, while the double asterisk marks a study reportedas "contem- plated." Where there is no asterisk, the studywas presumably completed at the time of reporting. One further distinction must be made between "actionre- search" and other forms of research. Almost all the action research programs will be found among those designated by a single asterisk as "ongoing." The decision to include such action projects in this year's digestwas based on the fact that the tremendous increase of interest and funds available for work in the field of intergroup relations has expectably stimu- lated a great deal more action research than ever before. Accordingly, we feltit important to report at least an exemplary sample-of such projects. We are, naturally, grateful to all those who took the time and effort to respond to the questionnaire, and we express the hope that those whose responses were not inclUded in this report will not find our principles of inclusion too awry. Systematic classification of the many reports received proved a knotty and troublesome problem. The scheme we finally adopted is only ....le of many possible. The merits of each could be argued. It is also clear that many of the studies fall under several categorical headings. It was imperative, therefore, to decide what was the principal focus of interest and classify the report accordingly. The classification provides us with the table of contents. An alphabetical index, by author, is also provided at the end. All digests are numbered serially.. Two persons are primarily responsible for the bulletin this year. The first is Mr. Oscar Cohen, Director of the Program Division of the Anti-Defamation League, who saw to it that vi funds were available for the construction, mailing, andreturn of the questionnaires and for the costs ofpublication. This year, as in all virevious years of the history of this bulletin, he was also the main source not only of indispensable funds, but of the energy, diligence, and intelligence requiredto get the effort into motion and bring it to termination. The other person is Mrs. Cathy Stein Greenblat who has done all of the digests and compiled the index. In effect,this means she has done the bulk of the important work. It will be apparent to any reader that she has donean extraordinary job, especially in view of the fact that all ofher work for the bulletin had to be done in such timeas she could wrestle loose from a full-time program of doctoral studiesat Teachers College, Columbia University. Because of the excellence of the contributions ofMr. Cohen and Mrs. Greenblat, my roleas editor has been mostly nominal. I have been pleased to stand byand watch the bulletin develop and come to completionas a result, primarily; of the efforts of these two people. MELVIN M. TUMIN Princeton University vii TABLE OF CONTENTS , I. RESEARCH IN ATTITUDES 1 A. PATTERNS OF BELIEF AND ATTITUDES 1 including group identifications, group preferences, and expressions of social distance B. SOURCES, CORRELATES, AND CONSE- QUENCES OF INTERGROUP ATTITUDES 14 including differences between prejudiced and non-prejudiced groups C. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ATTrfUDE RESEARCH 29 D. ATTITUDES TOWARD SEGREGATION AND DESEGREGATION 38 . E. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION 41 II. STUDIES IN THE CHARACTERISTICS, STRUCTURE, AND POSITION OF ETHNIC, RACIAL, RELIGIOUS, AND NATIONAL GROUPS 43 A. ETHNIC GROUPS 43 B. RACIAL GROUPS - 51 C. RELIGIOUS GROUPS 58 D. NATIONAL GROUPS 61 E. MULTI-GROUP STUDIES 62 III. PATTERNS OF DISCRIMINATION, SEGREGATION, DESEGREGATION, AND INTE GRATION 66 A. GENERAL, BY COUNTRY 66 a.Africa (general) d. England b. Australia e.France c.Canada f.India vialix g.Israel n.Nigeria h.Nepal o.Sudan 1. Japan p.Sumatra j.Mexico q.Switzerland k.Mozambique r.United States 1. New Hebrides s.Multiple Cross- m. New Zealand Cultural B. SPECIFIC, BY INSTITUTION 90 a.Housing b. Emyment c.Education d.Church and Religion e.Sex, Marriage, and Family f.Politics g.Internatior 1 Relations b.Police and Armed Forces IV. CIVIL RIGHTS: ATTITUDES, LAWS, AGENCIES, AND. ACTION PROGRAMS 121 V. EDUCATION FORTHECULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED 133 VI. CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 138 VII. THE RADICAL RIGHT 140 VIII. MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES 142 IX. ACTION PROGRAMS RELEVANT TO INTERGROUP RELATIONS 144 A. COMMUNITY RELATIONS 144 B. CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN 149 C. SCHOOL DESEGREGATION 156 D. CURRICULUM 158 E. PREPARATION FOR TEACHING AND SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 161 F. GENERAL GROUP NEEDS 161 G. CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 162 H. INDUSTRY 163 I. DIPLOMATIC SERVICE 163 J. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 164 X. SUMMARY PAPERS 165 XI. LATE REPORTED STUDIES 166 XII. INDEX 171 Research