Molecular Scale Imaging with a Smooth Superlens
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Determination of Focal Length of a Converging Lens and Mirror
Physics 41- Lab 5 Determination of Focal Length of A Converging Lens and Mirror Objective: Apply the thin-lens equation and the mirror equation to determine the focal length of a converging (biconvex) lens and mirror. Apparatus: Biconvex glass lens, spherical concave mirror, meter ruler, optical bench, lens holder, self-illuminated object (generally a vertical arrow), screen. Background In class you have studied the physics of thin lenses and spherical mirrors. In today's lab, we will analyze several physical configurations using both biconvex lenses and concave mirrors. The components of the experiment, that is, the optics device (lens or mirror), object and image screen, will be placed on a meter stick and may be repositioned easily. The meter stick is used to determine the position of each component. For our object, we will make use of a light source with some distinguishing marking, such as an arrow or visible filament. Light from the object passes through the lens and the resulting image is focused onto a white screen. One characteristic feature of all thin lenses and concave mirrors is the focal length, f, and is defined as the image distance of an object that is positioned infinitely far way. The focal lengths of a biconvex lens and a concave mirror are shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. Notice the incoming light rays from the object are parallel, indicating the object is very far away. The point, C, in Figure 2 marks the center of curvature of the mirror. The distance from C to any point on the mirror is known as the radius of curvature, R. -
Far-Field Optical Imaging of Viruses Using Surface Plasmon Polariton
Magnifying superlens in the visible frequency range. I.I. Smolyaninov, Y.J.Hung , and C.C. Davis Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Optical microscopy is an invaluable tool for studies of materials and biological entities. With the current progress in nanotechnology and microbiology imaging tools with ever increasing spatial resolution are required. However, the spatial resolution of the conventional microscopy is limited by the diffraction of light waves to a value of the order of 200 nm. Thus, viruses, proteins, DNA molecules and many other samples are impossible to visualize using a regular microscope. The new ways to overcome this limitation may be based on the concept of superlens introduced by J. Pendry [1]. This concept relies on the use of materials which have negative refractive index in the visible frequency range. Even though superlens imaging has been demonstrated in recent experiments [2], this technique is still limited by the fact that magnification of the planar superlens is equal to 1. In this communication we introduce a new design of the magnifying superlens and demonstrate it in the experiment. Our design has some common features with the recently proposed “optical hyperlens” [3], “metamaterial crystal lens” [4], and the plasmon-assisted microscopy technique [5]. The internal structure of the magnifying superlens is shown in Fig.1(a). It consists of the concentric rings of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) deposited on the gold film surface. Due to periodicity of the structure in the radial direction surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) [5] are excited on the lens surface when the lens is illuminated from the bottom with an external laser. -
How Does the Light Adjustable Lens Work? What Should I Expect in The
How does the Light Adjustable Lens work? The unique feature of the Light Adjustable Lens is that the shape and focusing characteristics can be changed after implantation in the eye using an office-based UV light source called a Light Delivery Device or LDD. The Light Adjustable Lens itself has special particles (called macromers), which are distributed throughout the lens. When ultraviolet (UV) light from the LDD is directed to a specific area of the lens, the particles in the path of the light connect with other particles (forming polymers). The remaining unconnected particles then move to the exposed area. This movement causes a highly predictable change in the curvature of the lens. The new shape of the lens will match the prescription you selected during your eye exam. What should I expect in the period after cataract surgery? Please follow all instructions provided to you by your eye doctor and staff, including wearing of the UV-blocking glasses that will be provided to you. As with any cataract surgery, your vision may not be perfect after surgery. While your eye doctor selected the lens he or she anticipated would give you the best possible vision, it was only an estimate. Fortunately, you have selected the Light Adjustable Lens! In the next weeks, you and your eye doctor will work together to optimize your vision. Please make sure to pay close attention to your vision and be prepared to discuss preferences with your eye doctor. Why do I have to wear UV-blocking glasses? The UV-blocking glasses you are provided with protect the Light Adjustable Lens from UV light sources other than the LDD that your doctor will use to optimize your vision. -
Holographic Optics for Thin and Lightweight Virtual Reality
Holographic Optics for Thin and Lightweight Virtual Reality ANDREW MAIMONE, Facebook Reality Labs JUNREN WANG, Facebook Reality Labs Fig. 1. Left: Photo of full color holographic display in benchtop form factor. Center: Prototype VR display in sunglasses-like form factor with display thickness of 8.9 mm. Driving electronics and light sources are external. Right: Photo of content displayed on prototype in center image. Car scenes by komba/Shutterstock. We present a class of display designs combining holographic optics, direc- small text near the limit of human visual acuity. This use case also tional backlighting, laser illumination, and polarization-based optical folding brings VR out of the home and in to work and public spaces where to achieve thin, lightweight, and high performance near-eye displays for socially acceptable sunglasses and eyeglasses form factors prevail. virtual reality. Several design alternatives are proposed, compared, and ex- VR has made good progress in the past few years, and entirely perimentally validated as prototypes. Using only thin, flat films as optical self-contained head-worn systems are now commercially available. components, we demonstrate VR displays with thicknesses of less than 9 However, current headsets still have box-like form factors and pro- mm, fields of view of over 90◦ horizontally, and form factors approach- ing sunglasses. In a benchtop form factor, we also demonstrate a full color vide only a fraction of the resolution of the human eye. Emerging display using wavelength-multiplexed holographic lenses that uses laser optical design techniques, such as polarization-based optical folding, illumination to provide a large gamut and highly saturated color. -
Paper 73-3 Has Been Designated As a Distinguished Paper at Display Week 2018
Distinguished Student Paper 73-3 / T. Ji Paper 73-3 has been designated as a Distinguished Paper at Display Week 2018. The full- length version of this paper appears in a Special Section of the Journal of the Society for Information Display (JSID) devoted to Display Week 2018 Distinguished Papers. This Special Section will be freely accessible until December 31, 2018 via: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/19383657/homepage/display_week_2018.htm Authors that wish to refer to this work are advised to cite the full-length version by referring to its DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.640 SID 2018 DIGEST Distinguished Student Paper 73-3 / T. Ji Tingjing Ji- Full Color Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Patterned by Photolithography Technology Full Color Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Patterned by Photolithography Technology Tingjing Ji (student), Shuang Jin, Bingwei Chen, Yucong Huang, Zijing Huang, Zinan Chen, Shuming Chen*, Xiaowei Sun Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China, 518055 *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract the traditional patterning processes. The QLED device achieved Photolithography is a high resolution and mature patterning maximum electroluminescence intensity of 23 770 cd/m2. [13] technique which has been widely used in semiconductor industry. For display application, a pixel consists of red (R), green (G) and In this work, we use photolithography to fine pattern the QD blue (B) side-by-side sub-pixels, which thereby requires a high layers. Because it is difficult to etch the QD layer, lift-off is used resolution patterning of the light-emission layers. -
Optical Negative-Index Metamaterials
REVIEW ARTICLE Optical negative-index metamaterials Artifi cially engineered metamaterials are now demonstrating unprecedented electromagnetic properties that cannot be obtained with naturally occurring materials. In particular, they provide a route to creating materials that possess a negative refractive index and offer exciting new prospects for manipulating light. This review describes the recent progress made in creating nanostructured metamaterials with a negative index at optical wavelengths, and discusses some of the devices that could result from these new materials. VLADIMIR M. SHALAEV designed and placed at desired locations to achieve new functionality. One of the most exciting opportunities for metamaterials is the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology development of negative-index materials (NIMs). Th ese NIMs bring Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. the concept of refractive index into a new domain of exploration and e-mail: [email protected] thus promise to create entirely new prospects for manipulating light, with revolutionary impacts on present-day optical technologies. Light is the ultimate means of sending information to and from Th e arrival of NIMs provides a rather unique opportunity for the interior structure of materials — it packages data in a signal researchers to reconsider and possibly even revise the interpretation of zero mass and unmatched speed. However, light is, in a sense, of very basic laws. Th e notion of a negative refractive index is one ‘one-handed’ when interacting with atoms of conventional such case. Th is is because the index of refraction enters into the basic materials. Th is is because from the two fi eld components of light formulae for optics. -
Patterning of Quantum Dots by Dip-Pen and Polymer Pen Nanolithography
Nanofabrication 2015; 2: 19–26 Research Article Open Access Soma Biswas*, Falko Brinkmann, Michael Hirtz, Harald Fuchs Patterning of Quantum Dots by Dip-Pen and Polymer Pen Nanolithography Abstract: We present a direct way of patterning CdSe/ lithography and photolithography, these direct techniques ZnS quantum dots by dip-pen nanolithography and do not rely on resist layers and multi-step processing, but polymer pen lithography. Mixtures of cholesterol and allow the precise deposition of ink mixtures. Spot sizes in phospholipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine commercially widespread inkjet printing and other related serve as biocompatible carrier inks to facilitate the transfer spotting techniques are usually in the range of 50 to 500 of quantum dots from the tips to the surface during µm [5–7], while high resolution approaches (µCP, DPN and lithography. While dip-pen nanolithography of quantum PPL) reach sub-µm features. dots can be used to achieve higher resolution and smaller Microcontact printing utilises a predesigned pattern features (approximately 1 µm), polymer pen poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp that is first coated lithography is able to address intermediate pattern scales with ink and subsequently pressed onto the surface in the low micrometre range. This allows us to combine manually. A total area up to cm2 can be patterned retaining the advantages of micro contact printing in large area and a lateral resolution of approximately 100 nm [8]. Dip-pen massive parallel patterning, with the added flexibility in nanolithography (Figure 1a) employs an atomic force pattern design inherent in the DPN technique. microscopy tip (AFM) as a quill pen. -
Recent Progress in Scanning Electron Microscopy for the Characterization of fine Structural Details of Nano Materials
Progress in Solid State Chemistry 42 (2014) 1e21 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Solid State Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pssc Recent progress in scanning electron microscopy for the characterization of fine structural details of nano materials Mitsuo Suga a,*, Shunsuke Asahina a, Yusuke Sakuda a, Hiroyoshi Kazumori a, Hidetoshi Nishiyama a, Takeshi Nokuo a, Viveka Alfredsson b, Tomas Kjellman b, Sam M. Stevens c, Hae Sung Cho d, Minhyung Cho d, Lu Han e, Shunai Che e, Michael W. Anderson f, Ferdi Schüth g, Hexiang Deng h, Omar M. Yaghi i, Zheng Liu j, Hu Young Jeong k, Andreas Stein l, Kazuyuki Sakamoto m, Ryong Ryoo n,o, Osamu Terasaki d,p,** a JEOL Ltd., SM Business Unit, Tokyo, Japan b Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden c Private Contributor, UK d Graduate School of EEWS, KAIST, Republic of Korea e School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China f Centre for Nanoporous Materials, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK g Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim, Germany h College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, China i Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA j Nanotube Research Center, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan k UNIST Central Research Facilities/School of Mechanical & Advanced Materials Engineering, UNIST, Republic of Korea l Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA m Department of Nanomaterials Science, Chiba University, -
Transmission Electron Microscope
GG 711: Advanced Techniques in Geophysics and Materials Science Lecture 14 Transmission Electron Microscope Pavel Zinin HIGP, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA www.soest.hawaii.edu\~zinin Resolution of SEM Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique whereby a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it passes through. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons transmitted through the specimen; the image is magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, on a layer of photographic film, or to be detected by a sensor such as a CCD camera. The first TEM was built by Max Kroll and Ernst Ruska in 1931, with this group developing the first TEM with resolution power greater than that of light in 1933 and the first commercial TEM in 1939. The first practical TEM, Originally installed at I. G Farben-Werke and now on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany Comparison of LM and TEM Both glass and EM lenses subject to same distortions and aberrations Glass lenses have fixed focal length, it requires to change objective lens to change magnification. We move objective lens closer to or farther away from specimen to focus. EM lenses to specimen distance fixed, focal length varied by varying current through lens LM: (a) Direct observation TEM: (a) Video imaging (CRT); (b) image of the image; (b) image is is formed by transmitted electrons impinging formed by transmitted light on phosphor coated screen Transmission Electron Microscope: Principle Ray diagram of a conventional transmission electron microscope (top Positioning of signal path) and of a scanning transmission electron microscope (bottom path). -
Light and Electron Microscopy of the Exocrine Pancreas in the Chronically Reserpinized Rat1
003 1 -3998/89/2505-0482$02.00/0 PEDIATRIC RESEARCH Vol. 25, No. 5, 1989 Copyright O 1989 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc. Printed rn U.S.A. Light and Electron Microscopy of the Exocrine Pancreas in the Chronically Reserpinized Rat1 GILLES GRONDIN, FRANCOIS A. LEBLOND, JEAN MORISSET, AND DENIS LEBEL Centre de Recherche sur Ies Micanismes de Sicrition, Faculty of Science, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, JIK 2RI ABSTRACT. The effects of reserpine injections were stud- been the most studied (1-8). The main effects induced by the ied on the morphology of the pancreas in an experimental reserpine treatment on the ultrastructure of the pancreas are the model for cystic fibrosis, the chronically reserpinized rat. following: an accumulation of granules in the acinar cell, an A detailed examination of the tissue was carried out at the alteration of the granule ultrastructure, a slight diminution of light and electron microscopic levels. The nonspecific ef- the RER and Golgi apparatus, the presence of autophagic bodies, fects of secondary malnutrition induced by the drug were and an augmentation of lysosomal bodies (3,5,9, 10). In another assessed with a group of animals pair fed with the treated paper (1 I), we report the effects of such a treatment on pancreatic animals. In a companion paper, we show that pancreatic growth and on the amount of a glycoprotein characteristic of the wt, lipase, and GP-2 contents also are affected by reserpine zymogen granule membrane, the GP-2. In this study, we specif- treatment. In this study, we report that no morphologic ically report the effects of chronic reserpine treatment at two differences were observed between the exocrine pancreatic doses, on the structure and ultrastructure of the rat pancreas. -
Davis Vision's Contact Lens Benefits FAQ's
Davis Vision’s Contact Lens Benefits FAQ’s for Council of Independent Colleges in Virginia Benefits Consortium, Inc. How your contact lens benefit works when you visit a Davis Vision network provider. As a Davis Vision member, you are entitled to receive contact lenses in lieu of eyeglasses during your benefit period. When you visit a Davis Vision network provider, you will first receive a comprehensive eye exam (which requires a $15 copayment) to determine the health of your eyes and the vision correction needed. If you choose to use your eyewear benefit for contacts, your eye care provider or their staff will need to further evaluate your vision care needs to prescribe the best lens options. Below is a summary of how your contact lens benefit works in the Davis Vision plan. What is the Davis Vision Contact you will have a $60 allowance after a $15 copay plus Lens Collection? 15% discount off of the balance over that amount. You will also receive a $130 allowance toward the cost of As with eyeglass frames, Davis Vision offers a special your contact lenses, plus 15% discount/1 off of the balance Collection of contact lenses to members, which over that amount. You will pay the balance remaining after greatly minimizes out-of-pocket costs. The Collection your allowance and discounts have been applied. is available only at independent network providers that also carry the Davis Vision Collection frames. Members may also choose to utilize their $130 allowance You can confirm which providers carry Davis Vision’s towards Non-Collection contacts through a provider’s own Collection by logging into the member website at supply. -
The Future of Electron Microscopy
BNL-108108-2015-JA Feature Article for Physics Today The Future of Electron Microscopy Yimei Zhu and Hermann Dürr Seeing is believing. So goes the old adage, and seen evidence is undoubtedly satisfying in that it can be interpreted readily, though not necessarily always correctly. For centuries, humans have tried continuously to improve their abilities of seeing things, from developing telescopes to observe our solar systems, to microscopes to reveal bacteria and viruses. The 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell and William Moerner for their pioneering work on super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, overcoming Abbe’s diffraction limit in the resolution of conventional light microscopes. It was a breakthrough that enabled ground-breaking discoveries in biological research and also is testimony of the importance of modern microscopy. In February 2014 the US Department of Energy’s Office of Basic Energy Science held a two day workshop that brought together experts from various fields to identify new science that will be enabled by advances in electron microscopy. [1] The workshop focused on studies of ultrafast processes, atomic resolution, sample environments and measuring functionality at nanoscales. This article captures some of the exciting discussions the workshop generated. Seeing with electrons Electrons, photons and neutrons are three fundamental probes of condensed matter. They are routinely used to study complementary physical properties of materials. Neutrons interact with nuclei and atomic spins, x-ray photons with electron clouds and electron probes with electrostatic potentials, i.e., positively charged nuclei screened by negatively charged electrons. Compared with x-rays and neutrons, one advantage of electrons is their much stronger interaction with matter (105 times stronger than elastically scattered x-rays due to the coulomb interaction); hence, for a very small probing volume, the interaction generates strong signals, making it far easier to image and detect individual atoms, molecules, and nanoscale objects.