H.h. '. II BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY VOLUME 31 NUMBER 3 Contents PARADISE ICE CAVES, WASHINGTON MICROECOSYSTEMS IN LEHMAN CAVE, NEVADA JULY 1969 IL H. Hobbs Ill Information for [ontrihutors BULLETIN To the Bulletin of THE NATIONAL SPELEDLDGil:AL SOl:IETY Papers in any discipline of speleology are considered for publication in the BULLETIN. The upper limit for length is about 10,000 words or approximately 40 pages of manuscript, typed double-spaced. At least one copy but preferably two VOLUME 31, NUMBER 3 JULY 1969 copies of the manuscript (typed, double-spac~d) should be submitted to the Editor, CONTENTS Jerry D. Vineyard, Missouri Geological Survey, Box 250, Rolla, Missouri 65401. Photographs and line drawings, if required, should be submitted with the manuscript. THE PARADISE ICE CAVES, WASHINGTON : AN EXTENSIVE In general, prints and line drawings will be photo-reduced to the size necessary for GLACIER CAVE SYSTEM ........ Charles H. Anderson and William R. Halliday 55 use in the BULLETIN. MICROECOSYSTEMS IN LEHMAN CAVE, NEVADA .................................... N. Stark 73 For general style, see papers in this BULLETIN. Abstracts are required for all papers. Abstracts should be brief and informative. Captions are required for all Published quarterly by the NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY illustrations, and all unusual symbols used should be explained. References to the literature should be by author and date, with specific pages Suhscription rate in ef feet January l. J Q6Q : $6.00. where desirable. Literature cited should be listed in an end bibliography with entries arranged alphabetically by author's last names. For book , give total pages; for Office Addre$: journal papers, inclusive pages. Consult bibliographies in this BULLETIN for general THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY format. 2318 N. KENMORE ST. Photographs must be sharp, with high contrast. Because of cost, only photo­ ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22201 graphs essential to the presentation should be included. All l~ne drawin~ should ~ submitted in final .form, ready for photographSI DISCUSSION of papers published in the Bulletin is invited. Discussions should be ~roduction. That !s, all lettermg should be don~ with lettering instruments, strip prmter or other satisfactory means. Typed lettermg, unless done with an electric ~000 .W?rds or less in length with not more than 3 illustrations. Discussions of papers m this is.sue should be forwarded to the editor by October 15, 1969. !ypewriter with carbon ri~bon, is. not ordinarily satisfactory. Captions will be set in type and added to the 11lustrat1ons. All drawings must be inked with India ink or a satisfactory substitute. No drafting services are provided by the BULLETIN EDITOR ~taff. ~ecause of cost! maps and other drawings should not exceed 24" x 24" except m special cases. Agam, consult the Editor in case of doubt. JERRY D. VINEYARD Missouri Geological Sllf'Vey . P~pers of tim~ly importance! reports on new techniques and procedures, or Rolla, Missouri 65401 d1sc~1ons of published papers, 1f less than 10 manuscript pages in length are considered for the Shorter Contributions Section of the BULLETIN. ' ASSOCIATE EDITORS Before public.ation, all paper~ will be reviewed by one or more authorities in THOMAS C. BARR, j R. THOMAS L. POULSON }OHN V. THRAILKILL the appropriate ~1eld~. Aft~r review, papers will be returned to the authors for Department of Zoology Department of Zoology Department of Geology approval and action 1f required. University of Kentucky Yale University Univers;ty of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky New Haven, Connecticut Lexington, Kentucky 't SepaTrahtes may be ord~red at the time galleys are returned by the authors to the Edi or. ese separates will be furnished at cost. RANE L. CURL RICHARD J . REARDON WILLIAM B. WHITE Department of Chem. Eng. Sawyer College Department of Geochemistrv A page charge of $20.00 per printed page will be requested from institutions University of Michigan Box 347 Pennsylvania State Universih· sponsormg research reported in articles publi' .,h d · th B 11 t' p t f the h f n · bl' . ., e m e u e m. aymen o Ann Arbor, Michigan Arcadia, California University Parle, Pennsylvania page c arge 0 owmg pu •cation will entitle th · ft f t SO f · t If an institution is unable to th .e m.s i u ion o ree reprm s. the charge will not be a co ~~f ef page charge it will ·not be made, and payment of Copyright 1969 by the National Speleological Society, Inc. n 1 ion or acceptance of the manuscript. The BULLETIN is published . Material to be included in . quarterly m January, April, J uly and October· to the first of the month oaf givbel~ n~mber must be submitted at least 90 days prior pu 1cation. NATIONAL SPELEDLOGil:AL SOl:IETY THE NATIONAi. SPELEOLOGICAL Soc1ETY is a non-profit organization de­ voted to the study of caves, karst and allied phenomena. It was founded in 1940 and is chartered under the law of the District of Columbia. The Society is associated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The Paradise l1:e [aves, Washington: THE Soc1ETY serYes as a central a~ency for the collection, preservation, An Extensive lila1:ier [ave System and publication of information relating to speleology. It also seeks the preserva­ tion of the fauna, minerals, and natural beauty of caverns through proper By Charles H. Anderson and William R. Halliday conservation practices. THE AFFAIRS of the Society are controlled by an elected Board of Gov­ ernors. The Board appoints National Officers. Technical affairs of the Society are administered by a Research Committee of specialists in the fields that relate to speleology. INTRODUCTION PUBLICATIONS of the Society include the BULLETIN published quarterly. the NEWS appearing monthly, and the OCCASIONAL PAPERS. All members re­ The existence of caves in glaciers has long ard text (Cotton, 1945). Further, in de­ ceive the BULLETIN and NEWS. been known. The specific cave system dis­ glaciated areas, long sinuous ridges of gravel cussed in this report has been a tourist at­ A LIBRARY on speleological subjects is maintained by the Society. Mate­ and silt ( eskers) have long been interpreted traction for decades (fig. 1 ) . One of us has as deposits in extensive subglacial water­ rial is available to Society members at a nominal 'Charge to defray the cost discussed briefly pseudokarstic surface fea­ courses; in retrospect it seems surprising of handling and to others through inter-library loan. tures of glaciers (Halliday, 1960, p. 112), that little consideration has been given to and these are mentioned in at least one stand- their potential speleological implication with OFFICERS 1969 - 1970 }ACK A. STELLMACK, Presid£-nt ALLAN p. HAARR State College, Pennsylvania Exec. Vice President DAVID R. MCCLURG Delmont, Pennsylvania Admin. Vice President DONALD N . COURNOYER , Treasurer Me11lo Park, California Arlinxtnn, Virginia CAVE FILES ALICE R. STEINKE, Custodian 1829 M iller Drive lizwrence, Kansas 66044 LIBRARY National Speleological Society Library 21 William Street Figure 1. Old postcard view of Paradise Ice Cave tour party during 1920s, showing Closter, N ew Jersey 07624 entrance to Pillar Passage and Water Passage at that time. The cave system has retreated about 100 feet in this area since that time. NATL. SPELEOL. Soc. BuLL., VoL. 31, No. 3, JULY 1969 55 / I\ I I ''--, PARADISE GLACIER --~~ I. !~ (,' 2.8 I ' l I ~. l.' Figure 2. fj,, PARAl)ISE AREA The Water Passage at moderately high water in August, 1967. I 'I Photo by Dave Mischke. c:u='lR? 8J 0(6 S3 ( Figure 4. Trails and roads in the Paradise Ice Caves area. some exceptions (i.e., Russell, 1893). In son, Dave Mischke, Eric. Nelson, Bill Petty, general, it has been assumed that glacier caves Ronald Pflum, Rick Rigg and Ken Severa.­ are simple structures of insignificant length Jerry Frahm periodically maintained base and content. It has been believed that these communications at the Paradise Valley road­ form as small caverns melted annually within head. glacier snouts, largely or entirely closing in With subglacial torrents stilled by winter, winter as a result of glacial flow. exploration and study were found easier than Recent studies by the Cascade Grotto of in summer, once the caves were reached. By the National Speleological Society indicate midwinter of 1967-68, almost 1~-mile of that this is not true for the Paradise Ice Cave passage had been mapped. The existence of system of Mt. Rainier, Washington. recurrent seasonal speleothems had been dis­ PROJECT FORMAT covered, and new concepts of glaciospeleo­ genesis were fast evolving. Although access The "tourist section" of the Paradise Ice was hazardous (Halliday, 1968). the Cascade Caves was visited by the Cascade Grotto as Grotto did much of its work during that win­ early as 1961. Only in preliminary studies ter. The winter of 1968-69 saw record snow during the autumn of 1967, however, did the depths, forcing the project to halt tempor­ Figure 3. extent and complexity of the caves become arily. The longest single passage in the cave Snout of Paradise lobe of the Stevens Glacier in late August, 1968. The apparent. Participating repeatedly in the is still unmapped because of the volume of large entrances at left formed after July, 1967. project were Charles Anderson, Edith Ander- streamflow in summer (fig. 2). 56 THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN VOLUME 31, NUMBER 3, }ULY 1969 !Qi ENTRANCE PARADISE ICE CAVES PARADISE GLACIER MT. RAINIER NAT'L. PARK, WASH. SUICIDE PASSAGE SURVEY llY CASCADE GROTTO. NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OCT 1967 COMPASS & CHAIN II. RIGG E &C . ANOEllSON 8. PETTY - GENERAL - Figure 5. PASSAGES IN ICE WITH STREAM COBBLE FLOOR EXCEPT AS Entrance to the Pillar Passage and Water l NOTED. PASSAGE SIZE, LOCATION OF Passage at the beginning of the tourist ~ ENTRANCE OPENINGS TO SURFACE, ANO PASSAGE ACCESSIBILITY season in June, 1967.