Design Patterns for Functional Strategic Programming
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CAD Usage in Modern Engineering and Effects on the Design Process
CAD Usage in Modern Engineering and Effects on the Design Process A Research Paper submitted to the Department of Engineering and Society Presented to the Faculty of the School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Virginia • Charlottesville, Virginia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science, School of Engineering Pascale Starosta Spring, 2021 On my honor as a University Student, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this assignment as defined by the Honor Guidelines for Thesis-Related Assignments 5/11/2021 Signature __________________________________________ Date __________ Pascale Starosta Approved __________________________________________ Date __________ Sean Ferguson, Department of Engineering and Society CAD Usage in Modern Engineering and Effects on the Design Process Computer-aided design (CAD) is widely used by engineers in the design process as companies transition from physical modeling and designing to an entirely virtual environment. Interacting with computers instead of physical models forces engineers to change their critical thinking skills and learn new techniques for designing products. To successfully use CAD programs, engineering education programs must also adapt in order to prepare students for the working world as it transitions to primarily computer design work. These adjustments over time, as CAD becomes the dominant method for designing in the engineering field, ultimately have effects on the products engineers are creating and how they are brainstorming and moving through the design process. Studies and surveys can be conducted on current engineering students as well as professional engineers to determine how they interact with CAD differently from physical models, and how computer software can be improved to make the design process more intuitive and efficient. -
Principles of Design
Principles of Design Balance Proportion/Scale Emphasis Rhythm Introduction The principles of design are essential to the development and production of clothing used by individuals and families around the world. Each principle has a specific role in creating an aesthetically pleasing garment or ensemble. The principles of design consist of: balance, proportion (also referred to as scale), emphasis, and rhythm. When a garment or ensemble uses the elements and principles of design to create a visual unity, harmony is achieved. Garments often integrate more than one principle, while drawing from the elements of design to create a cohesive look. The following discussion will present background information on each of the principles of design and applications to clothing design and construction. Balance According to Wolfe (2011) balance implies that there is an equilibrium or uniformity among the parts of a design (p. 205). To achieve balance, a garment or ensemble should have equal visual weight throughout the design. The use of structural features, added embellishments, or decorations to a garment contribute to the appearance of a garment or ensemble being balanced or not. A clothing designer can utilize surface designs on fabric to construct a garment creating visual balance. Further, color, line, and texture can impact the balance of a design. For example, cool and light colors have less visual weight than dark, warm colors. If an individual is wearing a small amount of a dark, warm color it can be balanced out with a larger amount of cool, light colors. Balance used in clothing design can be categorized into two groups: Formal and Informal Balance. -
An Investigation on Principles of Functional Design and Its Expressive Potential
FRACTIONan investigation on principles of functional design and its expressive potential Master Thesis by Karin Schneider_Swedish School of Textiles Borås 2013 Examiner: Clemens Thornquist Supervisor: Karin Landahl Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås `(...), NEWTONeliminated the opportunity for ANGELSand DAEMONSto do any real work´ (1). (1) McCAULEY/JOSEPH L., Initials. (1997) Classical Mechanics, transformations, flows, integrable and chaotic dynamics. Cambridge United Kingdom: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås Karin Schneider | 2013 I The Swedish School of Textiles, Borås abstract `FRACTION, an investigation on principles of functional design and its expressive potential´ is dealing with the interaction between the body, the worn garment and the closer space around it, in the context of the three being individual functional systems. Based on my findings, I am questioning the existing paradigms for a functional expression with the aim of generating an outlook for a possible de- velopment of what can be considered a functional visual. -
A Scalable Provenance Evaluation Strategy
Debugging Large-scale Datalog: A Scalable Provenance Evaluation Strategy DAVID ZHAO, University of Sydney 7 PAVLE SUBOTIĆ, Amazon BERNHARD SCHOLZ, University of Sydney Logic programming languages such as Datalog have become popular as Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) for solving large-scale, real-world problems, in particular, static program analysis and network analysis. The logic specifications that model analysis problems process millions of tuples of data and contain hundredsof highly recursive rules. As a result, they are notoriously difficult to debug. While the database community has proposed several data provenance techniques that address the Declarative Debugging Challenge for Databases, in the cases of analysis problems, these state-of-the-art techniques do not scale. In this article, we introduce a novel bottom-up Datalog evaluation strategy for debugging: Our provenance evaluation strategy relies on a new provenance lattice that includes proof annotations and a new fixed-point semantics for semi-naïve evaluation. A debugging query mechanism allows arbitrary provenance queries, constructing partial proof trees of tuples with minimal height. We integrate our technique into Soufflé, a Datalog engine that synthesizes C++ code, and achieve high performance by using specialized parallel data structures. Experiments are conducted with Doop/DaCapo, producing proof annotations for tens of millions of output tuples. We show that our method has a runtime overhead of 1.31× on average while being more flexible than existing state-of-the-art techniques. CCS Concepts: • Software and its engineering → Constraint and logic languages; Software testing and debugging; Additional Key Words and Phrases: Static analysis, datalog, provenance ACM Reference format: David Zhao, Pavle Subotić, and Bernhard Scholz. -
Design for Reliability: an Event- and Function-Based Framework for Failure Behavior Analysis in the Conceptual Design of Cognitive Products
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN, ICED11 15 - 18 AUGUST 2011, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK DESIGN FOR RELIABILITY: AN EVENT- AND FUNCTION-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR FAILURE BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF COGNITIVE PRODUCTS Thierry Sop Njindam and Kristin Paetzold Universität der Bundeswehr München ABSTRACT Product complexity in modern engineering is rising at an ever-increasing rate for several reasons. On the one hand, designers are aimed at extending the functionality of products, thus, integrating them in human living environments and optimizing their interaction with humans. On the other hand, this functionality extension results from the synergetic integration of different disciplines. However, an important prerequisite for the market launch of these products is their ability to meet the previously defined requirements, particularly safety and reliability. In this perspective, we proposed a framework for the early analysis of the functional behavior of cognitive products. We assume that the failure of a function is linked with a system internal state transition. It is then possible to model the sequencing of different possible states, and by this means different functional failures which lead to critical feared states, thus, taking into account the random nature of the occurring failures. The approach presented is explained using an extended stochastic petri net with switching time to model the failure behavior of a cognitive walker. Keywords: Design for reliability, cognitive products, failure behavior analysis. 1 INTRODUCTION From today´s perspective, the emphasis on increasing the functionality of modern engineering products is shaping the product development. Global competition, recent advances in technology, and increased customer expectations are some of the reasons for that [6]. -
Implementing a Vau-Based Language with Multiple Evaluation Strategies
Implementing a Vau-based Language With Multiple Evaluation Strategies Logan Kearsley Brigham Young University Introduction Vau expressions can be simply defined as functions which do not evaluate their argument expressions when called, but instead provide access to a reification of the calling environment to explicitly evaluate arguments later, and are a form of statically-scoped fexpr (Shutt, 2010). Control over when and if arguments are evaluated allows vau expressions to be used to simulate any evaluation strategy. Additionally, the ability to choose not to evaluate certain arguments to inspect the syntactic structure of unevaluated arguments allows vau expressions to simulate macros at run-time and to replace many syntactic constructs that otherwise have to be built-in to a language implementation. In principle, this allows for significant simplification of the interpreter for vau expressions; compared to McCarthy's original LISP definition (McCarthy, 1960), vau's eval function removes all references to built-in functions or syntactic forms, and alters function calls to skip argument evaluation and add an implicit env parameter (in real implementations, the name of the environment parameter is customizable in a function definition, rather than being a keyword built-in to the language). McCarthy's Eval Function Vau Eval Function (transformed from the original M-expressions into more familiar s-expressions) (define (eval e a) (define (eval e a) (cond (cond ((atom e) (assoc e a)) ((atom e) (assoc e a)) ((atom (car e)) ((atom (car e)) (cond (eval (cons (assoc (car e) a) ((eq (car e) 'quote) (cadr e)) (cdr e)) ((eq (car e) 'atom) (atom (eval (cadr e) a))) a)) ((eq (car e) 'eq) (eq (eval (cadr e) a) ((eq (caar e) 'vau) (eval (caddr e) a))) (eval (caddar e) ((eq (car e) 'car) (car (eval (cadr e) a))) (cons (cons (cadar e) 'env) ((eq (car e) 'cdr) (cdr (eval (cadr e) a))) (append (pair (cadar e) (cdr e)) ((eq (car e) 'cons) (cons (eval (cadr e) a) a)))))) (eval (caddr e) a))) ((eq (car e) 'cond) (evcon. -
Comparative Studies of Programming Languages; Course Lecture Notes
Comparative Studies of Programming Languages, COMP6411 Lecture Notes, Revision 1.9 Joey Paquet Serguei A. Mokhov (Eds.) August 5, 2010 arXiv:1007.2123v6 [cs.PL] 4 Aug 2010 2 Preface Lecture notes for the Comparative Studies of Programming Languages course, COMP6411, taught at the Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada. These notes include a compiled book of primarily related articles from the Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia [24], as well as Comparative Programming Languages book [7] and other resources, including our own. The original notes were compiled by Dr. Paquet [14] 3 4 Contents 1 Brief History and Genealogy of Programming Languages 7 1.1 Introduction . 7 1.1.1 Subreferences . 7 1.2 History . 7 1.2.1 Pre-computer era . 7 1.2.2 Subreferences . 8 1.2.3 Early computer era . 8 1.2.4 Subreferences . 8 1.2.5 Modern/Structured programming languages . 9 1.3 References . 19 2 Programming Paradigms 21 2.1 Introduction . 21 2.2 History . 21 2.2.1 Low-level: binary, assembly . 21 2.2.2 Procedural programming . 22 2.2.3 Object-oriented programming . 23 2.2.4 Declarative programming . 27 3 Program Evaluation 33 3.1 Program analysis and translation phases . 33 3.1.1 Front end . 33 3.1.2 Back end . 34 3.2 Compilation vs. interpretation . 34 3.2.1 Compilation . 34 3.2.2 Interpretation . 36 3.2.3 Subreferences . 37 3.3 Type System . 38 3.3.1 Type checking . 38 3.4 Memory management . -
Design-Build Manual
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DESIGN BUILD MANUAL May 2014 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MATTHEW BROWN - ACTING DIRECTOR MUHAMMED KHALID, P.E. – INTERIM CHIEF ENGINEER ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS M. ADIL RIZVI, P.E. RONALDO NICHOLSON, P.E. MUHAMMED KHALID, P.E. RAVINDRA GANVIR, P.E. SANJAY KUMAR, P.E. RICHARD KENNEY, P.E. KEITH FOXX, P.E. E.J. SIMIE, P.E. WASI KHAN, P.E. FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION Design-Build Manual Table of Contents 1.0 Overview ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Authority and Applicability ........................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Future Changes and Revisions ...................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Project Delivery Methods .............................................................................................. 2 2.1. Design Bid Build ............................................................................................................................ 2 2.2. Design‐Build .................................................................................................................................. 3 2.3. Design‐Build Operate Maintain.................................................................................................... -
Pattern Languages in HCI: a Critical Review
HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION, 2006, Volume 21, pp. 49–102 Copyright © 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Pattern Languages in HCI: A Critical Review Andy Dearden Sheffield Hallam University Janet Finlay Leeds Metropolitan University ABSTRACT This article presents a critical review of patterns and pattern languages in hu- man–computer interaction (HCI). In recent years, patterns and pattern languages have received considerable attention in HCI for their potential as a means for de- veloping and communicating information and knowledge to support good de- sign. This review examines the background to patterns and pattern languages in HCI, and seeks to locate pattern languages in relation to other approaches to in- teraction design. The review explores four key issues: What is a pattern? What is a pattern language? How are patterns and pattern languages used? and How are values reflected in the pattern-based approach to design? Following on from the review, a future research agenda is proposed for patterns and pattern languages in HCI. Andy Dearden is an interaction designer with an interest in knowledge sharing and communication in software development. He is a senior lecturer in the Com- munication and Computing Research Centre at Sheffield Hallam University. Janet Finlay is a usability researcher with an interest in design communication and systems evaluation. She is Professor of Interactive Systems in Innovation North at Leeds Metropolitan University. 50 DEARDEN AND FINLAY CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE SCOPE OF THIS REVIEW 2.1. General Software Design Patterns 2.2. Interface Software Design Patterns 2.3. Interaction Design Patterns 3. A SHORT HISTORY OF PATTERNS 3.1. -
GREATER GOLDEN HILL COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE CHARRETTE 1 – Written Comments from Community Participants
GREATER GOLDEN HILL COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE CHARRETTE 1 – Written Comments from Community Participants DRAFT October 9, 2010 Table 1 10 Things you Love about your Community - Golf course - open space - Dog park - Trails near the dog park canyon - Walkability - Eclectic architecture - Local businesses - Community-oriented events (Old House Fair, Walkabout, etc.) - Diversity - Natural views - Art spaces - The natural view - Connection to the park - Access/ proximity to downtown/ Balboa 10 Simple Improvements - Golf Course Open Space Add a walk path – make it safe all around the park Wildlife access Expand more family access to east end of park between Rec Center & 28th St. (use up some golf course space) - Improve connection to Balboa Park, improve street access & walkablility - Increase maintenance district funds for park? - Possible use of maintenance district funds for street repairs & lighting - Need a larger community center - 25th & F - idea for community center? - 25th & F – church for lease? - What to do for closed post office? - Bring the streetcar/ trolley to 30th & Fern - There are 2 auto shops near C & 25th - Underground the power lines - More street art - Enforce code on street signs and advertisements - Improve jogging & bike path around the golf course *All comments written herein are direct transcriptions of notes collected from each table as well as notes taken during the report back sessions of the workshop Golden Hill Charrette 1 – Comments - More walking trails - Improve sidewalks - lighting - More playgrounds - Rezone 25th street - Library/ Cultural Center/ Community Center - Need a Golden Hill sign (like Hillcrest or North Park) - Streetcar/Trolley Streets & Connections - Public art - Bus stops designed by a local artists competition - Community plazas and fountains - Entry signage for Golden Hill & South Park - Bike racks @ all destinations - Green Streets - Improve Russ Blvd. -
Connectors of Smart Design and Smart Systems Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing Imre Horváth
Artificial Intelligence for Connectors of smart design and smart systems Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing Imre Horváth cambridge.org/aie Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, 2628CE Delft, The Netherlands Abstract Though they can be traced back to different roots, both smart design and smart systems have Research Article to do with the recent developments of artificial intelligence. There are two major questions Cite this article: Horváth I (2021). Connectors related to them: (i) What way are smart design and smart systems enabled by artificial narrow, of smart design and smart systems. Artificial general, or super intelligence? and (ii) How can smart design be used in the realization of Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis smart systems? and How can smart systems contribute to smart designing? A difficulty is – and Manufacturing 35, 132 150. https:// that there are no exact definitions for these novel concepts in the literature. The endeavor doi.org/10.1017/S0890060421000068 to analyze the current situation and to answer the above questions stimulated an exploratory Received: 21 January 2021 research whose first findings are summarized in this paper. Its first part elaborates on a plau- Revised: 7 March 2021 sible interpretation of the concept of smartness and provides an overview of the characteristics Accepted: 8 March 2021 of smart design as a creative problem solving methodology supported by artificial intelligence. First published online: 19 April 2021 The second part exposes the paradigmatic features and system engineering issues of smart sys- Key words: tems, which are equipped with application-specific synthetic system knowledge and reasoning AI-enablers; comprehension and utilization; mechanisms. -
Computer Performance Evaluation Users Group (CPEUG)
COMPUTER SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: National Bureau of Standards Library, E-01 Admin. Bidg. OCT 1 1981 19105^1 QC / 00 COMPUTER PERFORMANCE EVALUATION USERS GROUP CPEUG 13th Meeting NBS Special Publication 500-18 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards 3-18 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards^ was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to pro- mote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, the Office for Information Programs, and the Office of Experimental Technology Incentives Program. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consist- ent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essen- tial services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, and the following