1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5341 connection with the conservation of salmon, and demonstrat­ The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and . ing that the Bureau of FiSheries is related to the activities approved. of other bureaus in the Department of Comm~rce, and there­ DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE fore urging the retention of the Bureau of Fisheries w~thin The SPEAKER.· The Chair designates the gentleman from · the Department of Commerce and opposing emphatically Texas [Mr. RAYBURN] to act as Speaker pro tempore on to­ any proposed removal therefrom; to the Committee on Mer­ morrow. , chant Marine and Fisheries. EXTENSION OF REMARKS 4814. By Mr. KRAMER: Resolution of the Los Angeles · County Council of the American Legion, relative to appropri­ Mr. O'CoNNELL of Rhode Island and Mr. · MosER of ation bill of the War Department; to the Committee on Ap- Pennsylvania asked and were given permission to revise and . propriations. · extend their own remarks in the REcoRD . 4815. By Mr. LAMNECK: Petition of the_Association of Mr. RUTHERFORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ · Limb Manufacturers of America, Inc., submitted by S. E. sent to extend my remarks in the RECORD, and include Richardson, president and ,general manager, the Columbus therein an editorial from a country newspaper. Artificial Limb Co., Columbus, Ohio, urging the Federal Gov­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the ernment and its agencies to withdraw from the manufacture, gentleman from Pennsylvania? - sale, and distribution ·of artificial limbs in order that the There was no objection. general welfare, necessity, and convenience of the public be PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE better served by the sale, purchase, and distribution of arti­ Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ ficial limbs through the established private industry; to the mous consent to proceed for 1 minute. Committeee on Labor. . , The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the 4816. By Mr. ·PFEIFER: Petition- of the New York Employ­ gentleman from New Jersey? . ing Printers Association, Inc., New York City, urging the There was no objection. passage of the tax bill; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, during the last 4817. Also, petition of the John N. E$chen Co., Inc., New few hours of the last day of the regular session of last year, Yorlt: City, concerning the manufacture of artific-ial limbs by this Congress enacted a law permitting the exportation of the Federal Government; to the Committee on Labor. helium gas. The law was rushed through at a time when 4818. By Mr. SANDERS: Petition of the Galveston Rifle .many Members were·thiiiking more about leaving for home and Pistol Club, of Galveston, Tex., protesting against the than they were of legislation. I never could quite understand enactment of any legislation affecting sporting and protective just what the great rush to pass the law was all about, but firearms; to the Committee on Ways and Means. . tO<:Iay I understand it even less, for since the helium bill was 4819. By Mr. THOMAS of New Jers.ey: _Letter from the enacted into law, the only sizeable demand for the gas has Swartswood Gun Club, Swartswood, N.J., signed by 121 mem­ come from the Deutsche Zeppelin Corporation of Germany, bers of the club, setting forth their opposition to. the passage a subsidized enterprise of the Nazi Government. of House bill 9999, the National Firearms Act; to the Com­ The Nazi interests almost immediately took advantage of mittee on Ways and Means. the passage of the act by entering an ·order · for 19,800,000 4820. By the SPEAKER: Petition from the Oklahoma Leg­ cubic feet of helium and even rushed a vessel to this coun-try islative League of Indians, requesting a congressional investi­ to pick up the first shipment. The same interests then en­ gation of certain Indian trust agreements; to the Committee tered a second order for 40,000,000 cubic feet, asking that the on Indian Affairs. - order be filled within 2 years. 4821. Also, petition of certain American-born wives of Fili­ . Based on the original order from the Deutsche company, pino sailors, urging passage of Senator COPELAND's bill in their the National Munitions Control Board of this Government behalf; to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. and the Secretary of the Interior certified to an allotment 4822. Also, petition of the Board of Supervisors of the to the Deutsche company of 17,900,000 cubic feet. But the County of Los Angeles, urging support of the President and actual licensing has been held up pending a consultation the Congress of the United States in regard to House bill between Mr. Ickes and President Roosevelt. 8430; to the Committee on Military Affairs. I sincerely hope that before our President agrees to grant any such license he will give due consideration to the follow­ ing points: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES First. That the amount of-helium gas the Deutsche com­ pany is asking for would in tinle of war fill three large Zep­ WEDNESDAY, APRIL 13, 1938 -pelins equal in size to the Hindenburg, or 100 small scouting blimps, or more than 150 "sausage" observation balloons. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. . . Second. That many of our high officials who were formerly The Chaplain, ~ev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., willing to sell helium to Germany are now skeptical of the offered the following prayer: reasons advanced by the Nazi Government for such a large Our most merciful God, the Father of our Lord and supply of gas. Savior, we pray for the inspiration of Thy spirit; it en­ Third. That public sentiment here is definitely opposed to livens righteousness in the soul, the home, and Nation. We the exportation of helium gas to Germany. thank Thee for this radiant day. The springtime world is Fourth. That the bill permitting the exportation of helium throbbing with new energy; it is asparkle with Thy glori­ gas was rushed through Congress at a time when proper de­ ous sunshine, breaking into flowers, instinct with life. Truly liberation was not possible in the consideration of any leg­ the heavens and the earth declare the glory of God. May islation. we share this magnificent life which is :flowing roundabout Fifth. That even more important than the · four reasons us. In our labors may we be coworkers with Thee, bringing already cited for holding up the license is the unsettled con­ into being a new creation. We entreat Thee, our Father, dition in Europe which has continued to exist since the pas­ that the Christ, the Revelation of Eternal Love, may be our sage of the Helium Act and which would not warrant any sale ideal. Let us constantly seek to be filled with His spirit, by us of helium gas to Germany. using our knowledge and· in:fluence to soften the sorrows of FQr these five reasons, our Government should not agree to our fellow men; in this pursuit may we not falter, but go deliver any helium gas to Germany. forward with brave and· quiet hearts. Forbid that we ·should For the same five reasons I think that this Congress shoUld pass on the other side leaving others alone to hear only the repeal the act authorizing the conservation, production, ex­ beating of their own hearts and the echo of their own foot- ploitation, and sale of helium gas, a mineral resource pertain­ steps. In our Redeemer's name. .Amen. - ing to the national defense and to the development of LXXXIII---337 5342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE APRIL 13 commercial aeronautics, authorizing the acqUisition by pur­ attention has been called ·to a proposition where the Oregon chase or otherwise by the United States of properties for the voters rejected the New Deal power program by almost 2 to 1 production of helium gas,. and for other purposes. Approved last Friday. The vote was on a proposal to create a special September 1, 1937 (50 Stat. 885-887) , and ·I have today intro­ power district in seven coUJlties adjacent to Bonneville Dam. duced such a repealer. [Applause.] Evecy one of the seven counties rejected the proposal. The Mr. KOPPLEMANN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanilllOUS con­ proposition lost in all but 6 of the 46 towns involved. This sent to address the House for 1 minute. appears to be strong evidence that the people do not want The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the these gigantic projects imposed upon them from Washington. gentleman from Connecticut? · This also demonstrates how the New Deal constantly is There was no objection. creating new difilculties for the eountry. Bonneville Dam Mr. KOPPLEMANN. Mr. Speaker, in the city of New will be completed in about a year, but the people of the Britain, Conn., which is the second largest mUiiicipality in immediate vicinity have already emphatically disapproved my congressional district, the voters went to the polls yes­ the proposed distribution scheme. terday and elected as their mayor George J. Coyle, a Demo­ [From the New York Herald Tribune of April 12, 1938] crat. MORE ADVERSITY Mr. Coyle defeated the Republican incumbent by what Decisive defeat of Power Administrator J. D. Ross' northwestern I am told was the largest plurality ever given a candidate distribution program 1n Friday's Oregon elections stirred conjecture 1n ut111ty circles yesterday as to how the Federal Government might for mayor, on either side, in the history of New Britain. seek to market its abundance of natural-resource energy. With [Applause.] · approximately 45 percent of eligible voters casting ballots, each of Several of the issues upon which this great Democratic seven counties 1n Oregon voted "no" on a proposal to form a public­ victory was achieved were national in their implications. utUity district to distribute power from Bonneville Dam. The vote was almost 2 to 1 against the proposal. Only 6 towns out of Typical was Mr. Coyle's promise to coordinate local with 46 favored the proposition, and the latest returns, tabulated over national improvement programs and to force down light and the week end, showed 11,864 ballots in favor of the Bonnevllle power charges in a city whose rates are shown by the Fed­ power and 19,392 against it. The election was the first major blow to the New Deal's northwestern development, where millions of eral Power Commission to be among the highest in the dollars have been spent on the beginning of a gigantic T. V. A. United States. J. D. Ross, who is administrator of the Bonneville Dam, had urged [Here the gavel felll that a district covering the populous region surrounding, but not including, Portland and Multnomah County, set up a power district Mr. KOPPLEMANN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ for public distribution of Bonnevllle power. sent to proceed for one-half minute further in order that I may conclude my statement. Mr. FORD of Californi~. Mr. sJ;>Caker, will the gentleman Mr. HOFFMAN. Reserving the right to object, Mr. yield? Speaker, will the gentleman tell us how much Federal money Mr. SNELL. Yes. was spent there? I do not object, Mr. Speaker. Mr. FORD of California. Is the distinguished minority The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the leader able to tell us how much the utilities spent in bringing gentleman from Connecticut? that about? There was no objection. Mr. SNELL. I would say it is not as much as the New Deal Mr. KOPPLEMANN. The repudiation and rout of·the Re­ people put in on the other side. publican administration in New Britain is one more mani­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS festation of the trend which the voters of the Nation Mr. FORD of California. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous have been following these 5 years. Based upon the results consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD. of the vote yesterday in New Britain, we will continue to The SPEAKER. Is there objection? look forward to increasing expressions of confidence from There was no objection. . the people in the New Deal. [Applause.] Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, today is the birth­ extend my remarks in the RECORD in two respects, in one day of Thomas Jefferson. Under a previous order of the case to include a short editorial from the Herald Tribune on House our colleague the gentleman from New York [Mr. the refugee situation, and in the other respect to extend my BoYLAN] had arranged to speak today on the life and char­ remarks upon the anniversary of the birthday of Thomas acter of this distinguished citizen. Unfortunately, the gen­ Jefferson. tleman from New York is indisposed, and, at his request, I The SPEAKER. Is there objection? desire to propound a unanimous-consent request that his There was no objection. time may be postponed and that the gentleman may be given LEAVE TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE the same time at the same place on the legislative schedule next Wednesday as he would have had today. Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that I may proceed for 5 minutes. The SPEAKER. The Chair calls the attention of the gen­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Texas asks unani­ tleman from Virginia to the fact that that day has been set mous consent to address the House for 5 minutes. Is there aside as memorial day for deceased Members of the House, objection? and in all probability the House will adjourn immediately Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I am just advised after the memorial services. that it has been put into the REcoRD a number of times that Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Then, Mr. Speaker, I modify my Members will not be recognized to make 5-minute speeches request and ask unanimous consent that the gentleman be at this time of the day, and I shall wait and submit my re­ given the time on Thursday next. quest at some other time. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Virginia? · EXTENSION OF REMARKS There was no objection. Mr. DEMPSEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include therein POWER DISTIUCT IN OREGO~ a letter addressed to me by the secretary of the Chamber of Mr. SNELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Commerce of Deming, and also a memorial commending the proceed for 1 minute and to extend my remarks in the work done by the C. C. C. camps in the State of New Mexico RECORD by inserting a short clipping from the New York and throughout the United States. Herald Tribune. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? The SPEAKER. · Is there objection? There was no objection. There was no objection. Mr. BACON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. SNELL. Mr. Speaker, apropos of the statement made· extend my own remarks in the REcoRD and to include therein by the gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. KoPPLEKANN], my a brief editorial. 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5343 The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, last eve­ There was no objection. ning I attended the meeting of the National Safety Council. PAN AMERICAN DAY The meeting was held to make the awards to the states and Mr. PETTENGILL. Mr. Speaker, tomorrow is Pan cities that had · the best safety record during the last year. American Day. At the conclusion of the regular business It is my great pride that the state award went to the Com­ tomorrow I ask unanimous consent to be recognized for 15 monwealth of Massachusetts. The president of the National minutes on the activities of the Pan American Union. Safety Council, Mr. D. D. Fennell, stated that if every other The SPEAKER. Is there objection? State had made the same fine record as Massachusetts this There was no objection. past year, 16,000 lives would have been saved in 1937. I have taken great interest in national safety, as have the EXTENSION OF REMARKS other Members of the House, and I sincerely hope we can Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to have further national legislation along that line. extend my remarks in the RECORD with reference to the The children of my home city of Lowell are to be con­ appropriation bill now pending. gratulated upon the safety patrol work they are doing. I The SPEAKER. Is there objection? wish all of my colleagues could come to Lowell to see them There was no objection. protecting the school children from accidents and worse. Mr. IZAC. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ Under the leadership of Mr. James Gagnon they are doing a tend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include therein splendid piece of work. Conditions there are much improved a letter I have despatched today to one of my constituents, as a result of it, and I hope that next year the city of Lowell stating my views on the reorganization bill. will win the award given to the city of 100,000 population. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? having the best safety .record. There was no objection. The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent the people there may well point with satisfaction to the re­ to proceed for one-half minute and to revise and extend sults of our safety campaign. It 1s such a worthwhile effort my remarks in the RECORD. and the results are so clearly shown that everybody should The SPEAKER. Is there objection? and did take an interest in it. There was no objection. Last night, 16-year-old Tommy Applewhite, schoolboy Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I call the attention of the patrol leader from Memphis, Tenn., appeared when the House to two matters that are being considered at the White safety award was given to Memphis. He made a fine appear­ House; one the advisability of an appropriation for more ance, and the people of Tennessee should be very proud of relief funds and the other the President's vacation. him and the work he and his patrol are doing. PUMP PRIMING AND VACATIONS Personally, I want to thank the House of Representatives With unemployment increasing, with more people demand­ and the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce for ing jobs, with the Labor Board closing factories and forcing passing the several bills I offered pertaining to highway industries into bankruptcy, the President, with his charming safety. I hope that more and more attention will be given smile and pleasant voice, just returned from his vacation in to this very important subject in the future. Forty thousand Georgia, turns his ever-busy mind to his old quack remedy lives lost in 1937, a terrible toll, and unnecessary, I believe. of priming the pump. At a later date I shall ask the House for permission to ex­ He calls in conference Members of the House and Senate tend my remarks by inserting the very illuminating address and of his Cabinet and gives them his orders to drive through of Gov. Charles F. Hurley, when he accepted the National Congress his plans looking toward a three to four billion Safety Council award to Massachusetts for the best safety dollar spending spree. record of the year. Being in the mood to spend the taxpayer's money, he quite The SPEAKER. The time of the gentlewoman from logically considers and announces plans for his own long Massachusetts has expired. personal vacation at Government expense. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Some have said that the President is inconsistent, but here he is following his usual course of declaring a crisis, a great Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous emergency, and himself going off on a long, pleasant vacation. consent to extend my remarks by including a letter. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? It is to be hoped that if he makes the contemplated trip to the Pacific Ocean, while enjoying himself, he takes some There was no objection. thought of that one-third ill-housed, ill-fed, and ill-clothed Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include certain he leaves behind him. . excerpts from the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. The East has a proverb, familiar to students of Scripture: The SPEAKER. Is there objection? The dogs may eat of the crumbs off the rich man's table. There was no objection. Some on relief are treated in like manner. Mr. BINDERUP. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent While the President, living on inherited wealth and at to extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include therein a Government expense, will be enjoying himself, we who re­ letter from labor organizations of Akron, Ohio, in reference main at home may eat of the crumbs which fall from the to monetary control. table of Hopkins, on which are spread untold riches col­ The SPEAKER. Without object-Jon, it is so ordered. lected through the sweat of the man who labors. There was no objection. Having planned to spend the taxpayer's money for the Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I ask relief of the unfortunate, the President may consider him­ unanimous consent to extend as part of my remarks at a self entitled to another vacation. later date the ·speech made by the Governor of Massachusetts Mr. DITTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to on national safety last evening. extend my own remarks in the RECORD. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. There was no objection. AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATION BILL, 1939 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, I move that the Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I ask House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House unanimous consent to proceed for 1 minute. on the state of the Union for the further consideration of The SPEAKER. Is there objection? the bill

Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, we are celebrating today the In a free country every power is dangerous which is not bound one hundred and ninety-fifth anniversary of the birth of up by general rules. our great statesman and patriot Thomas Jefferson. We revere his memory because of the depth of his philosophy; With all its defects, and with all those of our particular govern­ ments, the inconveniences resulting. from them are so slight in his firm adherence to principle and truth throughout his comparison with those existing in every other government on long and eventful life, his keen grasp of the problems of earth that our citizens may certainly be considered as in the government, his love for his fellow man. and his unshakable happiest political situation which exists. 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5347

If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this Union, enough to exercise their control with a wholesome discretion, the or to change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed at$ remedy is not to take it from them but to inform their discretion monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tol­ by education. . erated where reason is left free to combat it. I know, indeed, that some honest men fear that a republican government cannot be Whenever the people are well informed, they can be trusted with strong; that this Government is not strong enough. But would the their own government. - honest patriot, in full tide of successful experiment, abandon a gov­ ernment which has so far kept us free and firm, on the theoretic and visionary fear that this Government, the world's best hope, may Where the press is free, and every man able to read, all is safe. by possibility want energy to preserve itself? I trUst not. I believe this, on the contrary, the strongest government on earth. I believe Democrats consider the people as the safest depository of power it is the only one where every man, at the call of the laws, would :fly tn the last resort; they cherish them, therefore, and wish to leave to the standard of the law, and woull;l meet invasions of the public in them all the powers to the exercise of which they are competent. order as his own personal concern. Sometimes it is said that man cannot be trusted with the government of himself. Can he, then, be trusted with the government of others? Or have we found The general spread of the light of science has already laid open angels in the forms of kings to govern him? Let history answer to every view the palpable truth, that the mass of mankind has not been born with saddles on their backs, nor a favored few booted this question. and spurred, ready to ride them legitimately by the grace of God. It should be remembered, as an axiom of eternal truth in politics, that whatever power in any government is independent is absolute I have not any doubt that the result of our experiment w111 be also; in theory only, at :first, while the spirit of the people is up, but that men are capable of governing themselves without a master. in practice, as fast as that relaxes. Independence can be trusted nowhere but with the people in mass. They are inherently inde­ Modern times • • • have discovered the only device by pendent of all but moral law. which the rights of man can be secured, to wit, government by the people, acting not in person, but by representatives chosen The wm of the people is the only legitimate foundation of any by themselves; that is to say, by every man of ripe years and sane government, and to protect its free expression should be our first mind, who contributes either by his purse or person to the support object. of his country.

I would rather be exposed to the inconveniences attending too The repre~entatives of the people. in Congress are alone compe­ much liberty than to those attending too small a degree of it. tent to judge of the general disposition of the people and to what precise point of reformation they are ready to go. The principle of the Constitution is that of a separation of legis­ lative, executive, and judiciary functions, except in cases specified. Bear in mind this sacred principle, that though the w111 of the If this principle be not expressed in direct terms, it ~is clearly the majority is in all cases to prevail, that w1ll, to be rightful, must be spirit of the Constitution, and it ought to be so commented and reasonable; that the minority posse~ their equal rights, which acted on by every friend of free gove~nment. equal laws must protect, and to violate which would be oppression.

Our peculiar security is in the possession of a written Constitu­ Possessed of the blessing of self-government, and of such .a por­ tion. Let us not make it a blank paper by construction.· I say the tion of civil liberty as no other civilized nation enjoys, it now same as to the opinion of those who consider the grant of the behooves us to guard and preserve them by a continuance· of the treaty-making power as groundless. If it is, then we have no Con­ sacrifices and exertions by which they were acquired, and especially. stitution. If it has bounds, they. can be no others than the to no~ish that union which is their sole guaranty. definitions of the powers which that instrument gives. • • • In a government like ours it is necessary to embrace 1n its When an instrument admits two.constructions, the one safe, the administration as great a mass of confidence as possible, by em­ other dangerous; the one precise, the other indefinite, I prefer that ploying those who have a character with the public of their own which is safe and precise. I had rather ask an enlargement of and not merely a secondary one through the Executive. power from the Nation, where it is found necessary, than to assume it by a construction which would make our powers boundless. The liberty of speaking and writing guards our other liberties. If on (one) infraction (of the Constitution) we build a second, on that second a third, etc., any one of the powers in the Consti­ The only security of all is in a free press. The force of publlc tution may be made to comprehend every power of government. opinion cannot be resisted when permitted freely to be expressed. The agitation it produces must be submitted to. It is necessary to keep the waters pure. . · The principles of our Constitution are wisely opposed to all per­ petuations of power, and to every practice which may lead to If virtuous, the Government need not fear the fair operation of hereditary establishments. attack and defense. Nature has given to man no other means of sifting out the truth, either in religion, law, or politics. Though written constitutions 'may be violated in moments of , . .. . passion or delusion, yet they furnish a text to which those who are watchful may again rally and recall the people. They :flx, too, for The basis of our governments being the opinion of the people: the people the principles of their political creed. the very :flr~t object should be to keep that right; and were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government. I should not It is not Wisdom alone but public confidence in that wisdom hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. which can support an adm1n1stration.

Every man and every body of men on earth possesses the right of No government ought to be without censors; and where the press self-government. They receive it with their being from the hand is free no one ever will. · of nature. Individuals exercise it by their single will, ·collections of men by that of their majority, for the law of the majority 1s the Our liberty depends on the freedom of the press, and that natural law of every society of men. cannot be limited without being lost.

We owe every other sacr11lce to ourselves, to our Federal brethren, Freedom of the press I deem (one of the) e·ssential principles and to the world at large, to pursue with temper and perseverance of our Government, and consequently (one) which ought to shape the great experiment which·shall prove that ma.n is capable of liv­ its administration. ing in society, governing itself by law self-imposed, and· securing to its members the enjoyment of life, liberty, property, and peace; and further to show that even when the government of its choice It is a singular anxiety which some people have that we. should shall manifest a tendency to degeneracy, we are not at once to all think alike. Would the world be more beautiful were all our desp.air but that the will and the watChfulness of its sounder parts faces alike? Were our tempers, our talents, our tastes, our forms, will reform its aberrations, recall it to original and legitimate 'prin­ our wishes, aversions~ and pursuits cast exactly In the same mold? If no varieties existed in the animal, vegetable, or mineral creation, ciples and restrain it within the rightful limits of self-government. but all moved strictly uniform, catholic and orthodox, what a world of physical and moral monotony would it be. These are the I know no safe depositary of the ultimate powers of the society absurdities into ·which those run who usurp the throne of Gocl but the people themselves; and 1f we think them not enlightened and dictate to Him what He should have done. • • • 5348 CONGRESSIONAL .' RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 13 I am for preserving to the States the powers not yielded by them emed each by its individual proprietor. • • • It is by this par­ to the Union, and to the Legislature of the Union lts constitu­ tition of cares, descending in gradation from general to particular, tional share of the division of powers; and I am not for. .tl:a.n$ferring . that the mass of human a1!airs may be best managed for the good all the powers of the States to the General Government and all and prosperity of all. . those of that Government to the executive branch. The policy of the American Government ts to leave their citizens , Our country is too large to have all its affairs directed by a . free, neither restraining nor aiding them in their pursuits. single government. Public servants at such a qtsta.nce, and from under the eye of their constituents, must, from the circumstance Having always observed that public works are much less ad­ of distance, be unable to administer and overlook all the details vantageously managed than the same are by private hands, I have necessary for the good government of the citizens; and the same thought it better for the public to go to market for whatever it circumstance, by rendering detection impossible to their constit­ wants which is to be found there; for their competition brings it uents, wm invite the public agents to corruption, plunder, and down to the minimum of value. • • • I think it material, waste. · too, not to abstract the high executive officers from those functions which nobody else is charged to carry on, and to employ them in I said to President Washington that if the equUibrium of the superintending works which are going on abundantly in private three great bodies--legislative, exec~tive, and judiciary--could be hands. • • • preserved, 1f the legislature could be kept independent, I should never fear the result of such a Government; but that I could not Were we directed from Washington when to sow and when to but be uneasy when I saw that the executive had swallowed up reap, we should soon want bread. the legislative branch. Private enterprise manages • • • much better (than the To preserve the republican form and principles of our Constitu­ Government) all the concerns to which it is equal. tion and cleave to the salutary distribution of powers which that has established are the two sheet anchors of our Union. U driven from either, we shall be in danger of foundering. Dependence begets subservience and venality, suffocates tbe germ of virtue, and prepares fit tools for the designs of ambition. Consolidation is but toryism in disguise. Having seen the people of all other nations bowed down to the earth under the wars and prodigalities of their rulers, I have A single consolidated govern~ent would become the most cor­ cherished their opposites--peace, economy, and riddance of public rupt government on earth. • • • What has destroyed the debt-believing that these were the high road to public as well as liberty and the rights of man in every government which has private prosperity and happiness. existed under the sun? The generalizing and concentrating all cares into one body. • • · • · It is not by consolidation or concentration of powers, but by Taxation follows public debt, and in its train wretchedness and their distribution that good government is effected. oppression.

When all government, domestic and foreign, in little as in great Economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly bur­ things, shall be drawn to Washington as the center of all power, dened, I deem (one of the) essential principles of our Government, lt wlll render powerless the checks provided of one government on and, consequently, (one) which ought to shape its administration. another, and will become as vena.! and oppressive as the govern­ ment from which we separated. It wm be, as in Europe, where The increase of expense beyond income ts an indication soliciting every man must be either pike or gudgeon, hammer or anvil. Our the employment of the pruning knife. functionaries and theirs are wares from the same workshop; made of the same materials and by the same hand. If the States look with apathy on this silent descent of their government into the If we can prevent the Government from wasting the labors of gulf which is to swallow all, we have only to weep over the human the people under the pretense of taking care of them, they must character formed uncontrollable but by a rod of iron, and the become happy. blasphemers of man, as incapable of self -government, become his true historians. The same prudence which, 1n private life, would forbid our paying our money for unexplained projects forbids it in the dispo-. sition of the public moneys. To take from the States all the powers of self-government and transfer them to a general and consolidated government, without regard to the special delegations and reservations solemnly agreed We must make our election between economy and liberty or to in (the Feder.al) compact is not for the peace, happiness, or profusion and servitude. prosperity of these States. We are endeavoring to reduce the Government to the practice of a rigorous economy, to avoid burthening the people, and arming I wish to see maintained that wholesome distribution of powers the magistrate with a patronage of money which might be used to established by the Constitution for the limitation of both, and corrupt and undermine the prin9iples of our Government. never to see all om.ces transferred to Washington, where, further withdrawn from the eyes of the people, they may more secretly be bought and sold as at market. · A rigid economy of the public contributions and absolute inter­ diction of all useless expenses will go far toward keeping the Gov­ ernment honest and unoppressive. If the three powers (of our Government) maintain their mutual Independence on each other it may last long, but not so if either can assume the authorities .of the other. • • • excessive taxation • • • wtll carry reason and re- 1lection to every man's door, and particularly in the hour of election. Our Government is now taking so steady a course as to show by what road it will pass to destruction, to wit by consolidation first, and then corruption, its necessary consequence. The engine of The elective principle becomes nothing if it may be smothered consolidation wm be the Federal judiciary; the two other branches by the enormous patronage of the General Government. the corrupting and corrupted instruments. The patronage of public omce should no lon_ger be confided to You have seen the practices by which the public servants have one who uses it for active opposition to the national will. been able to cover their conduct, or, where that could not be done, delusions by which they have varnished it !or the ·eye o! their Those who have once got an ascendancy and possessed them­ constituents. What an augmentation of the field for jobt?ing, selves of all the resources of the Nation, their revenues and omces, speculating, plundering, office building, and omce hunting would be have im.t:ilense means for retaining their advantage. produced by an assumption of all the State powers into the hands of the General Government. Every officer of the Government may vote at elections according to his conscience; but we should betray the cause committed to our It is not by the consolidation or concentration of powers but by care were we to permit the 1n1luence of omctal patronage to be their distribution that good government is effected. Were not this used to overthrow that cause. great country already divided into States, that · division must- be· made, that each might do for itself what concerns itself directly, and what it can so much better do than a distant authority. Every Every society has a right to fix the fundamental principles of its State again is divided into counties, each to take. care of 'what lies as&ociation and to say _to all individuals that if they contemplate within its local bounds; each county again into townships or wards, pursuits beyond the limits of these principles, and involving dangers , to manage minuter details, and every ward into farms to be gov- which the society chooses to avoid, they must go somewhere else 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5349 for their exercise: that we want no citizens, and still less ephemeral Difference of opinion leads to inquiry and inquiry to truth, and and pseudo citizens, on such terms. We may exclude them from I am sure • • • we both value too much the freedom of our territory, as we do persons infected with disease. We have opinion sanctioned by our Constitution not to cherish its exercise, most abundant resources of happiness within ourselves, which we even where in opposition to ourselves. may enjoy in peace and safety without permitting a few citizens, infected with the mania of rambling and gambling, to bring danger I never submitted the whole system of my opin16ns to the creed on the great mass engaged in innocent and safe pursuits at home. of any party of men whatever, in religion, in philosophy, in politics, or in anything else, where I was capable of thinking for myself. Our falling into anarchy would decide forever the destinies of Such an addiction is the last degradation of a free and moral agent. mankind and seal the political heresy that man is incapable of If I could not go to heaven but with a party, I would not go there self-government. at all. .

We are to guard against ourselves: not against ourselves as we Reason and free inquiry are the only effectual agents against are, but as we may be; for who can now imagine what we may error. become under circumstances not now imaginable? Things even salutary should not be crammed down the throats The spirit of resistance to government is so valuable on certain of dissenting brethren, especially when they may be put into a occasions that I wish it to be always kept alive. It will often be form to be willingly swallowed. exercised when wrong, but better so than not to be exercised at all. Differences of opinion, when permitted • • • to purify them­ selves by free discussion, are but as • • • clouds overspreading All the powers of government--legislative, executive, and judi­ our land transiently and leaving our horizon more bright and ciary-result to the legislative body. The concentrating these 1n serene. the same hands is precisely the definition of despotic government. It w1U be no alleviation that these powers will be exercised by a plurality of hands and not by a single one. One hundred and A 40-year experience of popular assemblies has taught me that seventy-three despots would surely be as oppressive as one. • • • you must give them time for every step you take. If too hard pushed, they balk and the machine retrogrades. . The natural progress of things is for liberty to yield and govern­ I hold it that a little rebellion now and then is a good thing, ment to gain ground. and as necessary in the political world as storms are in the physical.

What country can preserve its Jiberties if its rulers ~ are not warned, from time to time, that the people preserve the· spirit of • • • our first and fundamental maxim should be never to. resistance? • • • entangle ourselves in the · broils of Europe. Our second, never to su1fer Europe to intermeddle with cisatlantic affairs. America, North and South, has a set of interests distinct from those of Unless the mass retains sufficient control ,over those entrusted Europe and peculiarly her own. She should therefore have a system with the powers of their government, these will be perverted to their of her own, separate and apart from that of Europe. While the last own oppression, and to the perpetuation of wealth and power 1n is laboring . to become the domicile of despotism, our endeavor . the individuals and their fami11es selected for the trust. should surely be to make our hemisphere that of .freedom.

I sincerely wish we could see our Government so secured as to We cannot too distinctly detach ourselves from the European depend less on the character of the person in whose hands it is system, which is essentially belligerent, nor too sedulously cultivate trusted. Bad men will sometimes get in, and with such an im­ an American system essentially pacific. · mense patronage may make great progress in corrupting the public mind and principles. This is a subject with which wisdom and patriotism should be occupied. The Constitution thought it wise to restrain the Executive and Senate from entangling and embroiling our affairs with those of Europe. Our ancient laws expressly declare that those who are but dele­ gates themselves shall not delegate to others powers which require Commerce with all nations, alliance with none, should be our judgment. and integrity in their exercise. motto.

The time to guard against corruption and tyranny ts before they • • • I have ever deemed it fundamental for the United shall have gotten hold of us. It is better to keep the wolf out of States never to take active part in the quarrels of Europe. Their the fold than to trust to drawing his teeth and talons after he political interests are entirely distinct from ours. Their mutual shall have entered. jealousit:s. their balance of power, their complicated alliances, their forms and principles of government, are all foreign to us. They are If ever this vast country is brought under a single government, nations of eternal war. All their energies are expended in the it will be one of the most extensive corruption, indifferent, and destruction of the labor, property, and lives of their people. On incapable of a wholesome care over so wide a spread of surface. our part never had a people so favorable a chance of trying the This will not be borne, and you will have to choose between refor­ opposite system of peace and fraternity with mankind, and the mation and revolution. If I know the spirit of this country, the direction of all our means and faculties to the purposes of improve­ one or the other is inevitable. Before the canker is become in­ ment instead of destruction • • •. veterate, before its venom has reached so much of the body politic as to get beyond control, remedy should be applied. I do sincerely wish that we could take our stand on a ground perfectly neutral and independent toward all nations. • • • Let us deserve well of our country by making her interests the After plunging us in all the broils of the European nations, there end of all our plans, and not our own pomp, patronage, and irre­ would remain but one act to close our tragedy-that is, to break up sponsibility. our Union. • • • I hope we may still keep clear of them, not­ withstanding our present thralldom, and that time may be given us to reflect on the awful crisis we have passed through, and to Wherever there are men, there will be parties, and wherever there find some means of shielding ourselves in future from foreign influ­ are free men they will make themselves heard. Those of firm ence, political, commercial, or in whatever other form it may be health and spirits are unwilling to cede more of their liberty than attempted. I can scarcely withhold myself from joining in the is necessary to preserve order; those of feeble constitutions will wish of Silas Deane-that there were an ocean of fire between us wish to see one strong arm able to protect them from the many. and the Old World. These mutual jealousies produce mutual security, and while the laws shall be obeyed all w1ll be safe. He alone is your enemy who disobeys them. The promotion of the arts and sciences • • • becomes pe­ culiarly interesting to us at this time, when the total demoraliza­ tion of the governments of Europe has rendered it safest, ·by In every free and deliberating society there must, from the cherishing internal resources, to lessen the occasions of intercourse nature of man, be opposite parties and violent dissensions and dis­ with them. cords; and one of these, for the most part, must prevail over the other fo:t: a longer or shorter time. • • • separated by a wide ocean from the nations of Europe and from the political interests which entangle them together, The division of Whig and Tory, or, according to our denomina­ with productions and wants which render our commerce and tions, of Republican and Federal, is the most salutary of all divi­ friendship useful to them and theirs to us, it cannot be the in­ sions, and ought, therefore, to be fostered instead of being amal­ terest of any to assail us, nor ours to disturb them. We should be gamated, for, take away this, and some more dangerous principle most unwise indeed, were we to cast away the singular blessings of division will take its place. ~ the position in which Nature has placed us-:-the opportunity 5350 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 13 she has endowed us with of pursuing at a distance from foreign happiness; or 1n gratification of the angry passions, or the pride of contentions the paths of industry, peace, and happiness; of culti~ administrators, excited by personal incidents in which their citizens vating general friendship; and of bringing collisions of interest have no concern. to the umpirage of reason ~ather than of force. Determined a8 we are to avoid, 1f possible, wasting the energies It ·ought to be the very first object· of our purswts to· have of our people in war and destruction, we shall avoid implicating nothing to do with the European interests and politics. Let them ourselves with the powers of Europe, even in support of principles be free or slave at will, navigators or agriculturists, swallowed into which we mean to pursue. They have so many other interests dif~ one government or divided ·into a thousand-we have nothing to ferent from ours that we must avoid being entangled in them. We fear from them in any form. believe we can enforce those principles, as to ourselves, by peaceable means • • •. -

. Our difficulties are indeed great, if we consider ourselves alone. It is indeed an animating thought that, while we are securing But when viewed in comparison to those of Europe, they are the the rights of ourselves and our posterity, we are pointing out the joys of paradise. In the eternal revolution of ages, the destinies way to struggling nations who wish, like us, to emerge from their have placed our portion of existence amidst such scenes of tum~t tyrannies also. Heaven help their struggles, and lead them, as it and outrage as ho other period within our knowledge· had pre­ has done us, triumphantly through them. sented. Every government but one on the continent of Europe demolished; a conqueror roaming over . the earth with havoc . and destruction; a pirate spreading misery and ruin over the face of Were we to break to pieces, it would damp the hopes and the the ocean. Indeed, ours is a bed of roses. And the system of efforts of the good, and give triumph to those of the bad through government which shall keep us afioat admidst the wreck of the the whole enslaved world. As members, therefore, of the universal world will be immortalized in history. We have, to be sure, our society of mankind, and standing in high and responsible relation petty squabbles and heartburnings, and we have something of with them, it is our sacred duty to suppress passion among our~ the blue devils at times as to these rawheads and bloody · bones selves, and not to blast the confidence we have inspired of proof who are eating up other nations. * • • that a government of reason is better than one of force.

I am so far from believing that our reputation will be tarnished Let this be the distinctive· mark of an American that in cases of by our not having mixed in the mad contests of the rest of the commotion he enlists himself under no man's banner, inquires for world tllat, setting aside . the ravings of pepper-pot politicians, of no man's name, but repairs to the standard of the laws. · Do this whom there are enough in every age and country, I believe it will and you need never fear anarchy or tyranny. Your government will place us high in the scale of wisdom to have preserved our country be perpetual. · tranquil and prosperous during a - contest which prostrated the honor, power, independence, laws, and property of every country A single good government is a blessing to the whole earth. on the other side of the Atlantic. Which of them have better preserved their honor? • * • Sole depositaries of the remains of human liberty, our duty to ourselves, to posterity, and to mankind calls on us by every motive How happy is it for us that we are beyond the reach of those which is sacred or honorable to watch over the safety of our beloved storms which are eternally desolating Europe. We have indeed a country during the troubles which agitate and convulse the residue · neighbor with whom misunderstandings are possible; but they of the world, and to sacrifice to that all personal and local con~ must be the effect of interests ill-calculated. Nothing is more siderations. demonstrable than is the unity of their and our interest for ages to come. A just and solid republican government maintained here will be a standing monument and example for the aim and imitation of the The European nations constitute a separate division of the­ people of other countries. globe; their treaties make them part of a distinct system; they have a set of interests of their own,- in which it is our business never to engage ourselves. America has a hemisphere to itself. The eyes of the virtuous all over the earth are turned with It must have · its separate system of interests, which' must not be anxiety on us as the on:ly depositaries of the sacred fire of liberty. subordinated to those of Europe. The insulated state in· which Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike Nature has placed the American continent should so far avail it that no spark of war kindled in the other quarters of the globe out the last two words. should be wafted across the wide oceans which separate us from Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to proceed out· them. And it will be so. · of order. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the I love peace, and am anxious that we should give the world still gentleman from Texas? another useful lesson by showing to them other modes of punishing injuries than by war, which is as much a punishment· to the There was no objection. punisher as to the sufferer. · Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I do not like to take the time of the House, but I am much concerned over Our desire is to pursue ourselves the path of peace as the only conditions and am impressed that just now we have a possi­ one leading surely to prosperity. bility of teamwork which probably we have not had before. It is a fine thing to recall the example and the contribution· All the energies of the European nations are expended in· the of such men as Jefferson, but a finer thing to emulate their destruction of the labor, property, and lives of their people. On our part, never had a people so favorable a chance of trying the opposite example. The time is at hand when those. of us who are in system, of peace and fraternity with mankind, and the direction of governmental responsibility must gather about the council all ow· means and faculties to the purposes of improvement instead table of the Nation, face our responsibilities, our difficulties, of destruction. and our dangers, and demonstrate that we are a worthy pos­ Do what is right, leaving the people of Europe to act their follies terity of a great governmental ancestry. We are, ·of course, and crimes among themselves, while we pursue in goOd faith the Democrats and Republicans. · It is a very fine thing that we paths of peace and prosperity. have these two parties in this country. It is necessary to have a party of criticism as well as a party of responsibility. Peace with all- nations, and the right which that gives us with There come times, however, when that party of criticism, too, respect to all nations, is our object. must participate under its own responsibility in the con­ structive work of government~ -We are in that time now, To cultivate peace .. (is one of) the landmarks by which absolutely. We are all in the same boat, and to be perfectly we are to guide ourselves in all our proceedings. candid about it, we are far from shore; we do not know how far: . There is no use trying to fool ourselves about it or Peace is our most important interest, and a recovery from debt. trying to deceive the American people about it. We have got to recognize that the American people are grown. people, Peace has been our principle,-peace is our interest, arid peace has that this is their Government, and that their responsibilities saved to the world this only plant of free 13.nd rational government now existing in it. • • • . However, therefore, we may have been are ·the responsibilities of this Government. We have our reproached for pursuing our Quaker syste~p., time will afftx the responsibilities. The President has his responsibilities; but stamp of wisdom on it, and the happiness and prosperity of our we are not going to win· through until the people come citizens will attest its merit. And this, I bPlieve, is the only legitt~ · definitely and conscientiously into final responsibility. mate object of government and the first duty of governors, and not the slaughter o! men and devastation of the countries placed under Whenever a situation arises where we cannot trust the peo­ their care, in pursuit of a fantastic honor, unallied to virtue or ple to tell them the truth as to conditions, we have reached 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 5351 the point where we cannot operate a system of popular gov­ the assumption of its normal constitutional responsibilities: ernment. helping it, if I can, to assume those duties with sober judg­ The people of this country are not jittery. To a remark­ ment and patriotic devotion; helping to prevent it, if I can, able degree they have their feet on the ground, they have under the momentum of this swing from going to the other their heads on their shoulders, and they are thinking to a extreme; helping, if I can, to maintain such relationship greater extent than they have done in the past two decades. between the President, who is commissioned to exercise the We not only can afford to take the people into our confidence, Executive powers for 2 Y2 years yet, and the Congress and but we will have to take the people into our confidence, and the people, so that they can make their best united contribu­ do it soon. Anyone who has any sense at all knows we are tion to the solution to our problems and the security of our headed for the rocks. I repeat, anyone who has got any country. sense at all knows that. That does not mean we are bound [Here the gavel fell.] to go on the rocks. It means we will have to change our Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ direction. It is going to require the President, the Congress, mous consent that the gentleman may proceed for 10 addi­ and the people, each contributing his and their best, to do tional minutes. thic; job. They have got to work together. We had just as The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to ~he request of the well be candid about this matter. That does not mean a gentleman from Missouri? "rubber stamp" Congress, either. Such a Congress would be There was no objection. worthless in this emergency. Our problem needs· the best Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. M.r. Chairman, I am not overem­ contribution which a Congress dedicated to the public inter­ phasizing the quantity or the importance of what I am est, acting under the challenge of its constitutional responsi­ discussing; We heard a while ago about the great statesman, bility, can give. Jefferson, but you, myself, and the people of this generation I am not criticizing anybody when I make this statement. are in responsibility in a day as dangerous or more dangerous We have been keeping things going after a fashion by spend­ than the day in which Jefferson lived. I want to say an­ ing more money than we are taking in. We are. not priming other thing. While it is a fine idea to honor the memory of any pump with anything. Jefferson, it is a finer thing to emulate the example of the Our pump is the best working piece of machinery that we great men and women who did the job. [Applause.] have. What we are doing is increasing the length of the pipe Mr. Chairman, I believe we can win. I have been noticing of the pump that reaches down to the reserve water which some very fine indications-! am about to get on dangerous we are pumping out. We do not know where the bottom is, ground now. The feeling is so tense now if we diVide up with but we know it is in the direction in which we are inserting a part of the people for whatever the President advocates the pipe. There is no use fussing about anybody. There is and a part of the people against whatever he wants, we de­ no use criticizing the President. There is no use criticizing prive the President and the country in the time of great Congress. There is no use criticizing the Republicans or need of the security which only the guidance and final de­ Democrats. That sort of thing does not get us anYWhere. termination of an advised public· opinion can give. The re­ We are confronted with a situation, and it is a national sponsibility of the press is immeasurable in this period. I situation, involving Democrats and Republicans, Members of do not want to appear critical or egotistical. I believe we the Congress, the President of the United States, and the are all humbled in the presence of our responsibilities. Fun­ people of the country at large. It does not matter who is damentally we all want to do what is right and helpful if we to blame. It is our situation, our job. We are all in the same realize it is necessary. There was a time when people were boat. We have got to tackle this job with the courage, the interested in stories about the "man who bit the dog"; they patriotic devotion, and, as far as we can, with the statesman­ are ready to react about something else now. I have talked ship of such men as Jefferson, whom our colleague from to some of the boys in the press gallery about this and asked Georgia [Mr. Cox] has been so eloquently eulogizing, and them, "Why do you not give to the people of this country the his coworkers of that period. I believe we have a chance to words that are spoken here, which deal with the great funda- . do it. Moving as the Congress is into a resumption of its mental responsibilities of free government?" They tell me, constitutional responsibility at a time when our whole eco­ "We have to pick something the people will read." I have nomic and governmental structure is involved, ours is an been taking some samples of public attitude and public unusual responsibility. The responsibility of the President interest. I want to tell you that the people of this country and of the people is great. We have got to work together or will take the solemn situation which at present exists and we fail. That does not mean we have to agree. It means read about it. Just observe the attention which people in when we do not agree we must fight our differences without the gallery and the Members on this floor give to such dis­ bitterness, if we can, with no scars or rankling after the cussion. I am not telling funny jokes. contest is over. You consented to turn aside fqr a few minutes to listen to I noticed a very interesting thing in the paper this morning. a plain-speaking man tal}ting old-fashioned common sense. I have been trying to tell the people of this country for many That general interest is the finest indication in America ·months, if you will pardon me for talking about myself, that today. If it were not in the picture, I would say we do not before we get through the people have got to be taken into have a chance to win through. When properly understood confidence and into responsibility. The morning papers give the things that are happening in the relationship of the us an example of what public opinion can do and an illustra­ President and the Congress are not bad. When we were in tion of its place in the scheme of government. The people the first years of this administration, when to deal with the of France have been warring among themselves. There was acute phases of the present condition we concentrated emer­ no teamwork. It may be too late to save their parliamentary gency powers in the Executive to deal with that emergency, Government, but at last they seem to realize a common it was all right to subordinate the legislative judgment. I danger and appear to be united for the moment at least. have discussed that so often I will not repeat, but a "yes" The present Government in France, so the papers. tell us, Congress cannot give to the President the help he needs now. is practically unanimously supported. People who have been That does not mean an antagonistic Congress, either. It on strike are going back to work, driven to that action by means an honest, patriotic, courageous Congress, working in their own sense of responsibility and by the lash of public respectful, cooperative independence with the President in opinion. Why? Because they have been made consciouS of doing the Nation's business, just as our common necessities the danger of France. Let nobody deceive himself; we have impose the same obligations upon the President. Of course, a common danger, not so acute as that of the French people the legislative branch of the Government is coming to a full but just as definite. I am not talking to myself. With all realization of its constitutional responsibility in this Govern­ respect, I am talking to the Congress, the President, and to ment. [Applause.] It had to happen. The President of the the American people. I do not know whether I can be of United States has not a chance to lead this cctmtry through any service in helping to guide the Congress as it moves int~ turmoil and danger save as he may be assisted and aided in 1 5352 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 13 .every possible way by the men and women in the legislative for whom ! ·have a deep· affection, permit me to say·this: My branch of the Government who are attempting to support judgment, if I may express it, is that we must consider some and help with the problems of this Government. Those are fundamental principles of government a.nd agree upon them some pretty fine signs of the times, as we may read them. I in America, and by them measure the conduct of individuals was glad to have the President say the other day, after the and public policies. And just now, if we are to have a vote on the reorganization bill, that he had no feeling of chance to win through our difficulties, we must, if we pos­ recrimination. sibly can do it, get the Congress, the President, and the I take that statement at 100 cents on the dollar. There people into cooperative effort. As I consider our difficulties, would be no justification for such feeling. I was here in the 1 cannot escape the judgment that if the Congress and the House, and I saw the men and women serious in the de­ President, instead of working together in that way, permit termination of what they ought to do on that vote. I was themselves to do and say things which will destroy that glad, when the vote was taken, that there was no cheering possibility, we cannot win. I realize that I probably will be on the :floor of· the House. It was a serious moment, when misunderstood. I know what 1 am doing is bad politics, but honest di1ferences of opinion controlled the vast majority of .feeling as I do about the matter-the seriousness of our sit­ the total votes of the Members of the House. It is to the uation, and the certainty of the disastrous e1fect of lack President's compliment that he recognizes the fact ot honest of harmony between these two departments of the Govern­ differences of opinion and that Members of Congress act ment-! cannot escape this discharge of what I feel to be under a constitutional respo~ibility just the same as he does. my duty. [Applause.] I am afraid the statement I made about the newspapers The big difficulty we have is that when we discuss funda­ is not quite fair. As a matter of fact, the newspapers of the mental principles of government, though they are utterly country are feeding the people, for the stimulation of their dissociated from persons and dissociated from specific issues, thought, the solid matters which are confronting the coun­ it is tremendously difficult to have these principles con­ 'try as they have not done before in a long time. sidered on their fundamental basis without having them · Mr. Chairman, our problems are big, but I ·think we have twisted around in some sort of a way to be pointed at the had our big chance to win in America now. That is why President, either in support of him or in criticism of him. I I am talking today. The controversies we have had have hope this discussion escapes that treatment. tended to arouse the people, clarify the atmosphere, and get Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ everybody in his natural place at work on his own job. I am tleman yield? trying to be helpful today. This is the first time since we Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I yield to the gentleman from have had our present problems the people of this country, Arizona. the Congress, and the President of the United States have Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. Did I not correctly under­ all gotten on a basis by which there is a possibility of trying stand the gentleman the other day to point out that in our to work in cooperation so far as solving the problems of this governmental history after every great crisis, when by com­ country are concerned. We must all encourage that attitude mon consent the Executive head of this Nation had assumed and· try to help preserve it. leadership, to deal with that crisis, there came afterward a Of course, the Members on the Republican side play period of reaction in which the legislative powers of the law­ politics once in a while. We would play politics some if we making body were reasserted? were in your shoes. Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. That is the way it is working But I bespeak for the Republicans in this House that when out now. That is what I have been trying to emphasize. that time comes when we choose between our party interests That is what has given us this new job. That is what ex­ and the weal of our country, you people will stand up, too, plains important things now happening. Much depends just as we would stand up if we were in the minority. We upon whether we. realize this fundamental fact. This period have always done it. We face the real test, the Congr~ ot readjustment calls for our greatest ability. the President, and the people. We must not fail our coun­ Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. President Lincoln during the try in this crisis. The test is, can and will we work in re­ War between the States became, as he had to, a sort of spectful, helpful cooperation in guiding this country of ours dictator during wartime, and there was a reaction. Presi­ through the perils of these times? dent Woodrow Wilson assumed such a position during the Mr. ARNOLD. Mr. Chairman, will the genUeman yield? World War, and there was a reaction. During and following Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I yield to the gentleman from each war these two things have happened. During this Illinois. struggle with economic conditions a similB.r necessity and Mr. ARNOLD. Speaking about the reorganization bill-­ similar reaction have been ' evident. Does the gentleman Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I do not want to get into de­ now feel there is a similar reaction after what we might call tails no.w. the war conditions of the years following 1929? Mr. ARNOLD. The newspapers contain much propaganda Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I know it, if I can read the signs about Members who voted with the President being pur­ 'of the times. That is what I am trying to say. That is the chased by patronage. Has the gentleman ever had occasion point of my discussion, the one point I am trying to make. to observe any of that going on? I appreciate the gentleman emphasizing it. Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I do not like to get into that Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. We agree, you and I, on our detail. I am trying to discuss our basic relationship. I recognition of an obvious historic fact in American political should like to say to the country that in my judgment the history; that is, that after each great crisis, during which men and women of the House of Representatives are not the delicate balance of power between the executive and 'purchasable at any price by anybody. legislative branches has been disturbed by the executive Mr. PE'ITENGILL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman branch exercising all the power available within constitu­ yield? tional limitations, the legislative branch in turn reasserts Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I yield to the gentleman from itself. An equally noticeable fact is that when the pendulum Indiana. swings back the tendency is for it to swing to the other ex­ Mr. PETI'ENGILL. I take it the gentleman from Texas treme. It has done so in the past to the hurt of the country. derives some satisfaction from the news reports of today of These experiences warn us all to watch such a tendency and the nomination of our colleague the gentleman from Dlinois hold the movement within safe bounds. [Mr. LucAS] as the Democratic nominee for the United States Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. When we went into this crisis Senate from Illinois. He is a gentleman who supported the thing happened which you mentioned. It would have ·the gentleman from Texas on the Supreme Court bill last happened under a Republican administration or under any year. administration or any party. The reverse movement is hap­ Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. I do not mention the Supreme pening now. It is one of the important things that is Court bill in connection with this discussion. Will my friend. happening now. Congress is confronted with the diffi.cult 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5353 necessity of coming again into full governmental responsi­ This Congress can cease doing that any day or any vote bility. While doing this, if we can, and we must, Congress when it gets ready, as was demonstrated recently on the and the President, preserve the possibility of cooperative reorganization bill. Why blame anybody else for something effort between the Congress and the Executive and bringing that we do, and do deliberately and with our eyes open? It is the people in on the general proposition. I deeply appreciate not like there was somebody standing around with a bayonet the attention which you have given to these serious matters at our backs that compelled us to do it. What a poor alibi which I have submitted. [Applause.] for every vote that has been cast. There has not been an [Here the gavel fell.] authority "usurped" by the Executive that you did not give Mr. CREAL. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last him, and give him deliberately and after due deliberation. three words. Then you want to criticize him for robbing us of a . power . Mr. CANNON of Missouri. If the gentleman will permit, when we gave it to him. We can withhold such power any we are very anxious to get through with this bill today. I minute we get ready. We are just criticizing ourselves when trust there will not be too much extraneous discussion. I we say we did something that we ought not to have done. shall not interfere with the gentleman, but · hereafter I be­ Trot out the program, and when it is here I will support it. lieve it will be my duty to require that the debate be germane [Applause.] to the bill. I shall not object in this case, but I trust there [Here the gavel fell.] . will be no more requests of this kind. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. CREAL. Mr. Chairman, I do not rise to take issue General administrative expenses: ll'or necessary expenses for gen­ with the distinguished chairman of my committee, the gen­ eral administrative ·purposes, including the salary of chief of tleman from Texas LMr. SuMNERs1 but along the line about bureau and other personal services in the District of Columbia, ·which he speaks there is some food for thought. The $178,220. thought uppermost is that when Members of this House Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the recognize that a condition exists, and a bad condition, there last word and ask .unanimous consent to revise and extend ought to be something offered other than objection to a my remarks in the RECORD. program submitted by somebody else. [Applause.] When­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the ever the reactionists of the Republican Party or of the gentleman from Michigan? Democratic Party offer a better program or offer a substi­ There was no objection. tute to that which comes from the White House, I shall be Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Ken­ happy to support that substitute, and so will the Members of tucky [Mr. CREAL], who just left the floor, said we had the the House, but where were the constructionists and the build­ greatest physician that had ever been called to prescribe for ers during the days of Herbert Hoover, and where was the a Nation's ills. He further stated that we, as Republicans, program? Some of those who were in this House have been never had any constructive program. the sharpest critics of the administration, although they Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairm~m. will the gentle­ have had no program to offer. Neither did Herbert Hoover. man yield? I do not want to make a point of order. Then along came a man with a program, and he said, "Yes; Mr. HOFFMAN. Oh, I am going to talk on the appro­ that sounds good. I have not thought of that. I will vote priation bill in just a minute. for it." · And the people said, "Well and good." Now, when I would like to ask the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. other programs supplementing that program come before CREAL] what he would do with a doctor that had given him this House from time to time, you admit something ought repeated and copious doses of croton oil to act as a cathartic to be done, but you do not have the right medicine. It is and a purge and, at the same time, had loaded him with just as though I were standing with a doctor who was treat­ ipecac, an emetic, and the gentleman had taken those pre­ ing a sick man. I would say, "No, I do not want that medi­ scriptions for so long that, when stretched out on his bed, cine. That might hurt him." "Well, I will give him some he was so weak he could not even raise an eyelid? of this." "No; do not do that." "Well. the man is going to Would he continue the treatment, as the President now die. You give him something." . "Well, I don't know any­ proposes to do with more pump priming? Or would he ask thing to give him." That is the attitude of some Members for another breathing spell and a little substantial nourish­ of Congress. They not only object to what you are propos­ ment? · ing, but cut out the program where you have something The gentleman says we have offered nothing constructive. better. If you have not anything better, suppose this only Constructive? I would say we have suggested something serves a portion of the pur_pose, why is that not better? constructive-not now and then but almost continually­ Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, \li1l the gentleman yield? that is, if the Democratic platform was constructive when Mr. CREAL. I .will not. you adopted it in 1932. Why not offer a program? Where are all the brains of the We have repeatedly suggested that the Nation live within Republican Party, the conservative party, the business party, its income for a while, as Candidate Roosevelt said that it the party that has made it its particular business to look was necessary we must do, if we were to esc;ape the rocks ·after big business? Where is its program? I challenge you of national bankruptcy. to offer your program. You have not had but one program There are other constructive suggestions in that platform to offer and that is to take the taxes off the big man and leave which we have repeatedly asked that you follow. To all of the poor devil in the ditch. starving just where he is. This .is the only program that has been· offered. Why do not the our constructive suggestions you have turned a deaf ear. brains of the opposition to the Roosevelt plan get together After the first 5 months of the New Deal administration and have a coalition, so to speak, · of conservative Democrats it went haYWire, turned its back upon all of your proniises, and Republicans and m'ake up a program, and when you all of your sound, constructive ideas, and followed ·off after make one you will find the so-called liberal Democrats voting a spending will-o'-the-wisp. ·far that program if it appears on the face of it to be for the There is another dose of medicine which your great physi­ greatest good for the greatest number. [Applause.] What cian is prescribing at the present time. He is giving this · man would not? · dose-and a bitter and destructive one it is-through the You have not offered any such program and criticism of National Labor Relations Board, which is assisting the c. i. 0. any program offered, if it only serves 25 percent of the pur­ to increaSe its membership, collect dues, and bring about pose of any part of it, is of no value. I would not refuse to socialism or communism. · take a doctor's medicine because it was only 25 percent effi­ THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD PROTECTS COMMUNISTS cient. If it healed me a little bit, I would be glad to be healed We all know that Mme. Perkins for months has protected that much. Harry Bridges, the Australian Communist, who has cost Now, every power or every delegation of constitutional workingmen of this country millions of dollars and who has authority has been voted by a majority vote of this Congress. hamstrung the maritime industry on the Pacific coast. 5354 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 13 Now comes the N. L. R. B. with a decision which holds that Where is the justice, where is the decency or the common it is an unfair labor practice for an·employer to make known sense about that kind of a proposition? That is one other the fact that a C. I. 0. organizer, who was attempting to com­ dose that you are getting from this physician, and you are. pel his employees to sign on the dotted line and pay tribute, going to have more as time goes on. is a member of the Communist organization. I only ask that we use a little common sense and get at In the case brought against the National ¥otor Bearing this Wagner law and this Labor Relations Board set-up. Co., Inc., of Oakland, Calif., to which I referred here on the Go down and look at them; go out in the field and look at :floor on Aprilll, the company, after a painstaking examina­ them. tion, found that a majority of its employees belonged to the They are not Americans in the true sense of the word. International Association of Machinists, an A. F. of L. affili­ They do not preach American doctrine. Some of their deci­ ate, and entered into a contract with it. sions seem to indicat~ that they are wirehaired Russian Com­ C. I. 0. started an organizing campaign. One of the munists. C. I. 0. organizers was a Communist. The company thought The result of their decisions brings the inescapable conclu­ that the presenting to its employees of accurate, truthful sion that they believe that the State, the Federal Govern­ information concerning a labor organization and a labor or­ ment, should have the power to hire and to fire, to fix wages ganizer could not possibly be held to be an unfair labor and hours of employment and working conditions; that they practice. would establish state socialism. It obtained from the public records and circulated photo­ Now, if you want to turn over the country's business and static copies of the registration papers of a C. I. 0. organizer, the American workingmen to that kind of an organization which showed that he was registered as a member of the which' would treat them as machines, that is your privilege: Communist Party. As for the gentleman from Dlinois [Mr. KELLER], who is The Board held that the act of the company's officials in laughing, I would like to have him go out in the country, go informing its employees that one of those who was attempt­ out into some of these smaller factories and talk with the ing to force them to sign on the dotted line and pay tribute wives of these men who are getting on an average $9 a week, was a Communist, was an unfair labor practice. and have them point out to him an organizer who is getting Logically, if the officials of the company informed its em­ $15 a day and expenses, and talk to those women and then ployees, its honest, law-abiding, ·respectable workers, that come back here, and I will say to him that the laugh will be one of those who was attempting to disrupt their union, force on the other side of his face. them to join another union, and pay fees to his organization Mr. LEAVY. Mr. Chairman, Will the gentleman yield? was a thief, a robber, a murderer, or a kidnaper they would Mr. HOFFMAN. Yes. be guilty of an unfair labor practice. That was the fact, that Mr. LEAVY. The gentleman has made a very remarkable was the order of the Board. An employer dare not even tell statement. Does the gentleman say that that statement 1s his workers that a Communist is iii their midst and is trying true? to influence them not only to join their union but to join that Mr. HOFFMAN. What statement? party. Mr. LEAVY. With reference to the personnel of the Na­ Do you know that if one of these organizers of the C. I. 0. . tional Labor Relations Board. happened to beat up one of the boys in the o:fllce of a factory-, Mr. HOFFMAN. Oh, there may be some Americans among and the employer came up when .there was apt to be a riot them. There may be some-there may be many-who believe and said, "Father, forg}ve them, for they know not what they in the American form of government, but some of the deci­ do," that that would be an unfair labor practice? sions indicate beyond argument that those who render them, Assume this case: C. I. 0. strikers take possession of a that those who .conduct these hearings, are so filled With factory. They beat some of those who wish to work. They egotism that they believe that they are far better able to assault the employer. They have him backed up against the carry on American business $a~ are those who built up those wall of his office. Loyal employees, coming to his rescue, businesse.s; or, if that is not their, belief, then that they are threaten to retaliate. The employer pleads with. the loyal determined to wreck American industry and to lay the foun­ workers not to use force to rescue him. He says, "Forgive dation for a revolution. them; they know not what they do." He repeats the plea Mr. LEAVY. Is not that merely an expression of the gen­ of the Savior, a piea for mercy, for forgiveness, for tolerance. tleman's own opinion, which does not deserve any more credit Do you realize that that plea, if made by the employer than other statements made by the gentleman? for those who were misusing and maltreating him, would be , Mr. HOFFMAN. When I look at them I can tell whether held by the Labor Board, if it followed its previous rulings, they are wild-haired and whether they look like Russians, to be an unfair labor practice? 1 and anyone .reading some of the decisions cannot escape t.tie · Just how far will this Congress permit. this Board, whose conclusion that they beli~ve in socialism or communism; that activities the English language contains no words to' fitly the effect of those decisions Will be to slow down production, describe, to go in its'un-American activities? to put men who want to work at. the mercy of these or­ Congress has been charged with being a door mat, with ganizers. losing its self-respect. Perhaps the only thing, other than a No one longer .disputes the fact that many in responsible wave of protest like unto that which swept the Court-packing positions in the C. I. 0. and the C. I. 0. affiliates are Com­ and the reorganization plans to defeat, which will bring us to munists. Homer Martin himself has declared that the c. I. 0. our senses will be a parade of those who are interpreting must purge itself of Communists. A fight in one of the mari­ the Wagner law and to have them read to us some of the time unions in New York was to determine whether Com­ -decisions which they have written, then to examine for our­ munists in positions of authority in that organization should selves the facts underlying some of those decisions. be ousted~ There is another dose which this great physician, the Everyone knows that the fight on the west coast is be­ President, proposes to give us-a billion and a half, or two tween the Communist, Harry Bridges, and those more con­ or three, or whatever it may be, billion-dollar appropriation, servative and constructive labor leaders who have the true to be wastefully spent. · interests of labor at· heart. . · Do you know that this administration is. permitting the We may delay, if we will, but sooner or later we will be C. I. 0. boys to organize the men who are on relief, on the forced to amend the Wagner law; we will be forced to over­ W. P. A.? You voted just a little while ago $250,000,000 to haul the N. L. R. B., disinfect it and get rid of those who give work to pay wages so that men might be fed and ·indicate by their actions and by their decisions that they clothed, and under this administration now along come these have not the slightest conception of the American form of organizers, unhindered by the administration, and ask these government; that tl)ey have no intention of following the people on relief, these men and women, to contribute a part American custom of fair play and justice for all. of the· money which you voted to buy food and clothing to The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Mich­ , .support John L. Lewis and the c. I. 0. igan :has expired. The Clerk will read. 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5355 The Clerk read as follows: been materially reduced. I understand approximately $10,- . Eradicating tuberculosis and Bang's disease: For the control 000,000 has been cut from this appropriation bill, and that and eradication of the diseases of tuberculosis and paratubercu­ almost $8,000,000 of that has been cut from the Bureau of losis of animals, avian tuberculosis, and Bang's disease of cattle, $1,603,000, together with the unobligated balances of the funds Animal Industry, which has to do with eradicating diseases made available by the act of May 25, 1934 ( 48 Stat. 805), and of cattle, tuberculosis and Bang's diseases in particular. section 37 of the act of August 24, 1935 (49 Stat. 775-776): Pro­ My amendment raises the current appropriation from videct, That in carrying out the purpose of this appropriation, if $1,603,000 to $5,403,000, an increase over the committee's in the opinion of the Secretary of Agriculture it shall be necessary to condemn and destroy tuberculous or paratuberculous cattle, recommendation of $3,800,000. This, along with the unex­ or cattle reacting to the test for Bang's disease, and if such pended balance as estimated by the committee of $6,600,000, animals have been destroyed, condemned, or die after condemna­ which is more than will be left, merely makes $12,000,000 tion, he may, in his discretion, and in accordance with such rules Federal aid in the program to eradicate Bang's and tubercu­ and regulations as he may prescribe, expend in the city of Washington or elsewhere such sums as he shall determine to be losis. There was spent last year, according to the estimates necessary for the payment of indemnities to owners of such of the committee itself, $12,700,000 for Bang's and tuber­ animals but, except as hereinafter provided, no part of the money culosis control. Dr. Mohler, of the Department of Agricul­ hereby appropriated shall be used in compensating owners of such ture, in his testimony, however, specifically said that there cattle except in cooperation with and supplementary to payments to be made by State, Territory, county, or municipality where will be spent by the end of the fiscal year approximately condemnation of such cattle shall take place, nor shall any pay­ $15,000,000 for Bang's and tuberculosis control. ment be made hereunder as compensation for or on account of If the estimate of the committee is correct, then there any such animal if at the time of inspection or test, or at the time of condemnation thereof, it shall belong to or be upon the premises will be $12,000,000 available for Bang's and for tuberculosis of any person, firm, or corporation to which it has been sold, under the provisions of the act if my amendment is adopted. shipped, or delivered for the purpose of being slaughtered: Pro­ If Dr. Mohler is correct, then that appropriation will be victect further, That out of the money hereby appropriated no materially decreased. If he is entirely correct, the unex­ payment as compensation for any cattle condemned for slaughter shall exceed one-third of the d11ference between the appraised pended balance will be decreased by more than $2,000,000. value of such cattle and the value of the salvage thereof; that, I respectfully submit, Mr. Chairman, that the States are except as hereinafter provided, no payment hereunder shall exceed cooperating in every way in the effort to clear our herds of the amount paid or to be paid by the State, Territory, county, Bang's disease and tuberculosis. I am going to quote from and municipality where the animal shall be condemned; and that in no case shall any payment hereunder be more than $25 for .any a letter from Dr. Gaumnitz, Cbief of the Dairy Section, De­ grade animal or more than $50 for any purebred animal: Provicted partment of Agriculture. He has the following to say in further, That indemnity payments may be made for cattle slaugh­ regard to the appropriation for the next fiscal ·year, which tered prior to May 1, 1939, even though no payment has been we are considering at the present time: made prior to that date by the State, Territory, county, or munici­ pality where animals are condemned; but in such cases the Fed­ It is estimated in this period that 10,000,000 tests could be .eral · payment shall not exceed . the amount which the Federal .applied to cattle and 400,000 reactors removed, with a probable Government normally would pay if the indemnity was being paid percentage of infection of 3.9. The cost of this period is estimated Jointly by the State and the Federal Government: Provictect fur­ to be $15,749,700. ther That not to exceed $100,000 of the amount herein made available may be used for continuation of· scientific experimen­ · When we embarked upon this program, Mr. Chairman, tation in diseases of livestock as authorized by section 37 of the we went out to do a job and to clean up the infection-in our act of August 24, 1935 (7 U.S. C. 612b). herds. Our people cooperated in every way that was pos­ Mr. WITHROW. Mr. Chairman, I have an amendment at sible. If we adopt the suggestions of the subcommittee we the desk, which I ask the Clerk to read. shall not be doing that job. The Department itself realizes The Clerk read as follows: that $15,749,700 should be made available, which is almost $4,000,000 more than my amendment would provide. Amendment offered by Mr. WITHRow: Page 25, line 15, strike out "$1,603,000" and insert "$5,403,000." As a review of what has been done, the number of tests applied to cattle for the period of the entire program lias Mr. WITHROW. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent steadily increased from 286,381 in November 1934 to 657,833 to be permitted to proceed for an additional 5 minutes. in October 1937, With the exception of seasonal declines The CHAIRMAN. Is there cbjection? which occur in the severe winter months, when the roads are . Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, I ask that all impassable, and in July and August, during the busy harvest debate upon this amendment and all amendments thereto season. The percentage of reactors to tests applied to cattle close in 35 minutes. has declined · steadily from a high of 14.4 in October 1934 Mr. WITHROW. Mr. Chairman, I reserve the right to ob­ to 3.9· in October 1937 . .ject. The last time this appropriation was before the House · I respectfully submit, Mr. Chairman, that if we do not we ran into these very same .difficulties, and if I remember make an adequate appropriation it will mean that the efforts correctly, at that time the gentleman from Missouri choked we have thus far made and the moneys we . have thus far off debate and then reserved the last 4 minutes for himself-. ·spent will be almost a total loss, because if this program 1S ·This is a very important matter, and we should have ade­ neglected, the percentage of reactors will increase from year quate time to discuss it. I know of any number of Mem­ to year and we shall lose every single solitary cent we have bers who are here, and .who are. coming from their offi.ces, invested in the program thus far. who are much interested in this and want to discuss it. I Indicative of increased interest which the States are taking believe the House is entitled to all of the necessary informa­ in the program is the fact that to date 11 States have appro­ tion in regard to it that they can.obtain. priated funds to supplement Federal funds in payment of . Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, I am the last indemnities to owners· of cattle reacting to the blood test for one to be accused of trying to choke off debate. I want the Bang's disease, and many others are considering introducing widest latitude of debate. I ask unanimous consent that all legislation to this effect at the next meeting of their State debate on this and all amendments thereto be concluded in -legislatures. These 11 States have appropriated the sum of .1 hour, and that the gentleman from Wisconsin be given 10 $2,225,000. They are, namely, Maine, $35;000; New Hamp­ minutes. shire, $130,000; Rhode Island, $20,000; New York, $300,000; The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? Penhsylvania, $800,000; Delaware, $80,000; Maryland, There was no objection. $200,000; Virginia,. $160,000; Florida, $50,000; Wisconsin, The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. $250,000; and Washington, $200,000. WITHROW] is recognized for 10 minutes. Mr. Chairman, by all means we should make this money Mr. WITHROW. Mr. Chairman, this is, indeed, a very available. It is not the way it was last year. Last year the important question, particularly so to those of us who come expenditure of these sums was not entirely within the control from dairy sections. You gentlemen might be interested of the Secretary of Agriculture. This year, however, an in knowing that this is the one particular portion of the entirely different policy has been adopted and the control of agricultural appropriation bill where every item in it has these funds, the extent the States will have to cooperate, the 5356 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 13 amount they will have to contribute in proportion to the may contract those diseases by using the milk from cattle that amount the Federal Government is spending is controlled by are infected, as the gentleman knows. If the . gentleman the Secretary of Agriculture. If this money is not needed, it from Wisconsin were proposing an amendment .which ran will not be spent. We have had that experience in the past. into the tens or twenties of millions of dollars, there would We have gone forward with this program in. a constructive be some reason for opposing it, but I do not believe there is a way. At no stage has the administration of this program been solitary item in this whole bill that is more justifiable and charged with waste of money. which can be defended more successfully than the amend­ Notwithstanding the fact that the Department and the ·ment proposed by the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. States have cooperated in every possible way there have been WITHROW]. unexpended balances, and notwithstanding the fact that the Mr. Chairman, I hope there will not be a single vote cast money has been available to date the money not needed was against the amendment in Committee this afternoon. not spent. Mr. PLUMLEY. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the . Neither the chairman of the Subcommittee on Appropria­ amendment offered by the gentleman from Wisconsin. tions nor any member of the subcommittee has addressed Mr. Chairman, I call the attention of the members of the his remarks to this particular item. There has been no justi­ Committee to certain statements I made to the Committee on fication for the decrease in this allocation of funds so far as Appropriations with respect to its proposal to amend, as it this particularly important item is concerned. There has has amended, the bill. I suggested to them at that time that been oodles of silence, and that is all. their proposed action resulted in throwing a monkey wrench Mr. Chairman, we have embarked on a program of helping into the machine set up at the suggestion of the Federal Gov­ business. We will in a short time embark upon a program ernment and with its approval which wastes the taxpayers' of pouring money out to the railroads. I think in all fair­ money. It not only does this, but subjects the public to a ness we ought to treat the dairy 1armers of the United continuation of the threat to its health. States with some respect in regard to this appropriation, . With respect to the health proposition, I say positively particularly when there is a constructive program embodied. and unequivocably that there is no question with reference No man can justify some of the appropriations that have to the communicability of this germ to human beings. been made to date. Certainly a great many of the appro­ Undulant fever caused by Br. abortus (porcine) and Br. abortus priations embodied millions and millions of dollars that do (bovine) has now been recognized in many sections of the United not compare in productivity to this important matter involv­ States and in numerous other countries. • • • The disease is ing not only dairy and beef producers but the welfare of the sometimes acquired by human beings through the consumption of raw mllk from cows infected with Brucella abortus. Butter public. made from raw cream produced by infected cows has been known Do you know that under the Surplus Control Act we made to harbor abortion germs. funds available, and that in the 4 years that act has been in .effect for the purchase of dairy surpluses, for which we get That is a statement taken from the Department of Agri­ dollar for dollar in value received, we have only expended culture Farmers' Bulletin No. 1704. $29,000,000, while in comparison we find that the agricul­ If the bill is passed as proposed by the Subcommittee on tural program in regard to cotton alone-and I am not com­ Appropriations, we will have undone all that has heretofore plaining . about that expenditure-has cost us in the last 2 been accomplished. We will have abandoned all of the years through the purchase of cotton some $85,000,000? All machinery which has been ·set up by the several States to we are asking for is a just and fair deal here. Why cannot meet the Federal proposals and the Federal appropriations. you vote for my amendment? If the funds are not needed We will have thrown it all into the discard and we will have they will not be spent. [Applause.] injected into the situation a more serious threat to the [Here the gavel fell.l health of the people of this country than the threat of tuber­ Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the culosis itself. gentleman's amendment and would like to ask the chairman Mr. Chairman, I wish the Members would study those of the Subcommittee on Appropriations why such a drastic facts and figures. We have something now in this con­ cut was made in this particular item? tagious abortion in cattle and in the germ which is com­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I do not want to take the municated to the human through the milk, cream, and but­ gentleman's time. I will answer in my own time. I would ter, which science bas discovered is more destructive to the like to hear the gentleman's case. wealth and the health of the citizens of the large communi­ Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, I want to appeal to the ties of this Nation than tuberculosis itself. We cannot members of the Committee to support the amendment for take the chance of cutting down an appropriation which tuberculosis and Bang's disease control by increasing the seeks to preserve the health of the people of this country, item from $1,603,000 to $5,403,000. In the agricultural bill whether it originates in some germ which comes from cows passed about 6 weeks or 2 months ago there was absolutely or elsewhere. I say to you, therefore, you take a terrific re­ nothing of benefit to the dairy interests. We helped the sponsibility on .yourselves when you vote against the amend­ :wheat farmer, the corn farmer, the hog farmer, the cotton ment proposed by the gentleman from Wisconsin. raiser, the peanut grower, the rice grower, the tobacco Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the farmer, and so forth, but we did not do a thing for the amendment, and merely desire to emphasize the arguments dairymen. that have heretofore been made to the effect that if this We have spent millions of dollars in the eradication of appropriation is cut down to the amount that appears in TB and Bang's disease. · The work is not completed, the bill we will have lost tremendous ground in the matter and if we stop now or if we ease up in our efforts to eradi­ of national health. cate those two very detrimental qiseases, it is going to result The Federal Government and the States, jointly, and the ln those diseases spreading. The money that we have here­ localities to some extent, have to date spent $260,000,000 on tofore spent will have been spent in vain. disease eradication, Bang's disease, and tuberculosis. Vic­ The section I come from, and the section from which the tory is now in sight. May I say in that connection that the gentleman from Wisconsin represents, are dairy sections. dairyman himself has contributed by the loss of his cows, The same is true of Vermont, so the gentleman from Vermont and sometimes his herd, in the sum o'f $100,000,000 nationally. says. It is stated on good medical authority that this great pro­ Mr. Chairman, this is a small item. It is a small amount gram which bas been carried on in the United States, and that the gentleman from Wisconsin asks for, to be spread in no other country in the world, has been the major in­ over the entire United states. If we prosecute the work fluence in lengthening the life of the individual 10 years. that we have already initiated vigorously, we are going to Of course, it has been a tremendous saving infiuence in the completely eradicate Bang's disease and TB in cattle. matter of death 1n infancy. I may say to the gentleman from Missouri also that these dis­ May I emphasize the fact that the cotton, wheat, and com eases are communicable to human beings. Human beings farmers have received in benefits from the Treasury over 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5357. $2,000,000,000. The dairyman has received nothing. He is continued next year as they would like to continue it, they the forgotten man. He is performing a more important will very materially r·educe the 4 percent. That is the prog­ service to the public in feeding the public and feeding the ress which has been made. In addition, the States are in­ child life of the Nation than any other type of farmer. Hls terested now, and 11 of the States have actually made type of farming conserves the soil. This appropriation, writ­ appropriations. ten down today, as it is, to the vanishing point, wipes the Mr. HULL. Now, Mr. Chairman, in regard to the amount 3,000,000 dairymen, with their 15,000,000 dependents, com­ that is needed in this case, take. the case of a county with a pletely off the slate as far as Government aid is concerned. 50-mile border line where on one side of the line the area is This is not for .them .alone; this is for the health of the tested and on the other side it is not tested. This is a very American people. I trust this arbitrary, unjustified, and insidious disease, and the money spent in testing the area in unexplainable action by this committee in cutting down this one county is lost by reason of the communication of the last lone appropriation that goes to this great class of farm­ disease across the fences on that 50-mile line. So you ers will be rebuked by the House, and that the amendment rapidly will lose the benefit of all the work performed unless so ably presented by the gentleman from Wisconsin will gain you go ahead and complete the area tests. your unanimous support. [Applause.] We need this in Wisconsin, and I may say that the State Mr. HULL. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the amend­ of Wisconsin is doing its full part in helping to eradicate ment. I believe if there were a general recognition of the Bang's disease. I may say further that the farmers them­ importance of this question among the Members of the selves are paying far more to have this test made than the House the action of the committee would be quickly over­ State and national governments, because the farmer very ridden. As a matter of fact, instead of this $12,000,000 frequently loses a large part of the value of a good herd. He which we would get if this amendment is adopted, or the loses a big part of the value of cows worth two or three times $5,500,000 we would get if it is not adopted, the need at this what he receives in the way of indemnity payments; in fact, · time is for $16,000,000 for the one purpose of eradicating the State of Wisconsin alone has expended-- Bang's disease. · [Here the gavel fell.] I like economy, and I am in favor of economy. I try to Mr. HULL: Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to vote for economy here in the House. But so far as I am proceed for 1 additional minute. I have been interrupted personally concerned, I am frank to state I do not like the and there is just one more statement I would like to make. kind of economy that commences in the barnyards and ends The CHAIRMAN. The time has been fixed, but the Chair at the navy yards. We have been appropriating hundreds will put the request. of millions of dollars for war preparations. If we can Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from ~xpend all those sums with the idea of building up our Wisconsin? forces to engage in a war at some future date, certainly we There was no objection. ought to a.id farmers who are endeavoring to proteet the Mr. HULL. I would like to state further that the State health of the American people, and protect the health of of Wisconsin has expended from the State treasury from the American herds, by the eradication of Bang's disease. twenty-five to twenty-six million dollars in the eradication In Wisconsin we had about 3,250,000 to 3,500,000 dairy of tubercUlosis and Bang's disease in past yearS. The farm­ cattle to be tested. This number varies from time to time. ers of Wisconsin have had over $100,000,000 ·in iosses on their It will be larger the 1st of September than it is now. We liveStock in eradicating these same diseases over a long term have tested only about 900,000 out of 3,250,000 to 3,500,000 of years. dairy cattle. The reaction of some herds has been very Now we need $16,000,000. Give us at least $12,000,000, high, in some cases as high as 50 percent. I know of one and let "economy" start somewhere else than the barnyard dairy herd in my own district of 80 Guernsey cattle, all for a ·little while. [Applause.] purebred, where the reaction was more than 50 percent. . [Here the gavel fell.l The farmers are standing a good big share of the expense of Mr. REILLY. Mr. Chairman, I rise for the purpose of eradication. supporting the amendment offered by my colleague from In our atate, and I presume in other States, we find the Wisconsin [Mr. WITHROW]. only method to pursue is to have the area test applied. In This has been a rather unusual debate in the Committee our State we apply it by counties. It cannot be applied in of the Whole. Several Members have spoken in favor of any county unless 50 percent of the farmers ask for it. We the Withrow amendment and not one Member so far has have now six counties in Wisconsin which have applied for riSen in opposition to the amendment. this area test but are unable to get the funds, and over 75 I should have been pleased if the distinguished gentleman, percent of the farmers in those counties have signed up. We Mr. CANNoN of Missouri, chairman of the subcommittee, had need to have more than 2,250,000 dairy cattle tested in Wis­ used up part of his time in telling this Committee the rea­ consin right away, right now. It is not a matter for the sons for the radical cut in the money appropriated to carry future. on the work of fighting Bang's disease in the dairy herds of Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? the country. Mr. HULL. I yield to the gentleman from Kansas. Bang's disease is a much more serious threat to the dairy Mr. HOPE. Will the gentleman tell us how much money in~ustry of the country than tuberculosis ever was. was spent during the past year on this work? The Withrow amendment would restore the appropriation Mr. HULL. I could not say exactly, but I do know' that for the eradication of Bang's disease to the sum carried in altogether we have spent around $44,000,000 on this Bang's the appropriation bill for last year. In fact, the appropria­ disease eradication work. Unless we can get this appropria­ tion should be raised and not lowered because the program tion, we are going to lose that $44,000,000, or a good big part to eradicate Bang's disease from the dairy herds of the of it. c'ountry is just now getting under way. . · Mr. HOPE. Can the gentleman tell me how much prog­ I am in favor of economy that is real economy, but I can ress has been made? Is there a need for spending as much see no economy in slowing down the program to eradicate money this year as we spent last year, or as much as the Bang's disease. gentleman has included in his amendment? The National or State Governments have spe:qt millions of · Mr. HULL. More. dollars to date in attempting to eradicate Bang's disease from Mr. WITHROW. If ·the gentleman will yield, what has the .dairy herds of the country, and if the appropriation for happened is that when the program went into effect they carrying on this work for the next fiscal year remains as it is found the reaction was 11.9 percent. Gradually, as the now set out in the bill, cut almost in two over what it was program has progressed, that figure has been reduced to a last year, it will simply mean that the eradication work now little over 4 percent. It is estimated that 1f the program is going forward under full steam will have to slow down, if not LXXXID--338 5358 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 13 stop, at least in some of the States, with the result that all ber of farmers asking to have their herds receive the Bang's the expenditures already made in that work will be lost. tests is increasing every day and that he had no doubt but I represent in part on the floor of this House the greatest that the State of Wisconsin could use more money in the dairy State in the Union. There are more cows grazing on next fiscal year in the eradication of Bang's disease than the pastures of Wisconsin than any other State in the Union, it used in the past fiscal year. [Applause.] and the dairy industry is the one big industry of my State. Mr. HULL. · Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? The dairy farmers of the country have received but little Mr. REILLY. I yield. in the agricultural bills passed by Congress in the past few Mr. HULL. I would like to sa.y that this is not a question years. It is true that Congress has written legislation to of Wisconsin alone but is one that applies to every State assist the farmers in making marketing agreements to con­ that has dairy cattle. trol the sale of fluid milk in the milksheds of the country. Mr. REILLY. I agree with the gentleman. Congress has also helped the farmers by providing for the Mr. FULLER. And it not only applies to dairy cattle purchase of surplus dairy products. Congress has also been but to all cattle, including beef cattle. liberal in its appropriations for the elimination of tubercu­ Mr. HULL. Yes. losis and Bang's disease among the dairy herds of the country. Mr. DOWELL. Mr. Chairman, I have just a few words However, hundreds of millions of dollars have been appro­ to offer on this amendment. I am very sorry the committee priated in agricultural bills that have gone and will go in the has not offered a suggestion here as to why this appropria­ way of benefits to the wheat farmers, the corn farmers, and tion has been reduced. the cotton farmers. From the testimony at the hearings I read, The Bang's disease situation is coming to be a serious For Bang's disease control In 1937 we spent $13,681,634, or a problem for the dairy farmer. I am informed that Bang's total for both diseases of $17,853,000. disease affects beef cattle as well as dairy cattle. I am in­ This includes tuberculosis. formed also that many cities and villages have adopted Now, I want to suggest one •thing that, perhaps, has not ordinances barring fluid milk that does not come from the been stressed so much. This is not especially for the benefit herds that have had the Bang's test. . of the dairymen. There will be only a question of a few years when the big It is true that every person who owns a dairy herd wants cities of the country, and many of the smaller cities also, to have a clean herd. He wants Bang's disease eradicated are going to bar all milk that does not con:-.e from Bang's-free as rapidly as possible. It is a highly contagious disease; and herds. This is no time for delay or fe-r slowing down this when it gets into a herd, unless it is arrested soon, it goes program if the dairy farmers of the country are going to be through the entire herd. If the money is expended now to prepared to furnish the kind of milk "that the cities of the eradicate it, it will save many millions of dollars in the future are going to demand. future. ·The United States Government has spent hundreds of I w~t especially to stress the effect of the milk from these millions of dollars in aiding the farmers to control and eradi­ diseased cows upon the health of the general public. It is cate tuberculosis and Bang's disease. · This has been a good not. a question of State lines or county lines. Where the work not only from the standpoint of the farmer but also disease is in dairy herds and the milk from these herds is from the standpoint of the health of the country. sold in every State in the Union, it will greatly affect the It is said that the sum recommended for the control of general health in every community where it is used. Bang's disease in the pending bill is the sum recommended· Our information is that the use of the milk from these by the Bureau of the Budget. Well, the Bureau of the Budget diseased cows will cause what is known as undulant fever, a is undoubtedly trying to ob~ a balanced Budget. There very serious and lingering illness. The public all over the 8.re many items in appropriation bills that have come before country is entitled to good, pure, wholesome milk, and espe­ the House for consideration where the pruning knife could cially are the children who must largely ·depend upon it in well have been used-items· of expenditures the eliminati.on of their diet. Milk from these diseased cows may destroy the which would not affect the welfare of a great industry. Such health of its users. It seell?-5 to me it is not possible that is not the case as regards this iteQJ.. . . Congress will permit this disease to continue as it has been It · is all right for Congress to do everything possible to continuing in the past, when it can be eradicated with a few balance the Budget, but a· great program to eradicate disease extra millions of dollars. I -am hoping the Committee will from dairy herds and to prote·ct the health of ·the ·country approve the -amendment. I believe it is one of the things should not be sacriftqed in order to reduce the ·Nation's. that ought to be cared for by Congress immediately. If we Budget. · pursue the program that has be.en followed for the past I am satisfied that this committee is going to adopt the 3 or 4 years, we can eradicate this disease entirely. This Withrow amendment, because ·the cow has' many friends work has been. going on qnly since 1934. Up until that time in this House.· It is only a few weeks ago that this House voted over- Congress did not appropriate money for the eradication of sta~p if . whelmingly in repudiation in the suggestion of the Senate this disease. Let us it out; Jet. us help, we can, that butter ·substitutes made from products grown in this to save the children who must use the milk produced by these dairy herds of the country; Let us help to save the country be permitted to be used on the tables of our vet­ erans'· hospitals. lives of human beings. I am heartily in favor of the amend­ The dairy farmers of the country have lost hundreds of ment, and I beijeve the Committee ought to accept it. millions of dollars in cows that they have had to send to the Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, I ask· unani­ slaughterhouses in order to eradicate disease from their mous consent that the gentleman .from Arkansas [Mr. dairy herds. FuLLER] be allowed 2 minutes in favor of the amendment, Of course, part of this loss has been paid by the National and that the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. SMITH] be Government and part by the State governments but still allowed 5 minutes in favor of the amendment, outside of the dairy farmer has suffered a tremendous loss in carrying the time originally fixed. out programs· to eradicate tuberculosis and Bang's disease Tile CHAIRMAN. Is there_objection? from their herds. There was no objection. As has been said here, this is only a small matter, involv­ The CHAIRMAN. Tile gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. ing financial help to the farmers, but it is a matter also FuLLER] is recognized for 2 minutes. involving the health of the country; and I cannot see why Mr. FULLER. Mr. Chairman, I do not know why this cut this committee has reduced this appropriation when in fact was made in the appropriation. I do not know whether it should have increased it. they have money enough to run that Department -or not I recentlY received a letter from one of the leading dairy without making the same appropriation for last year of authorities of Wisconsin in which he stated that the num- $12,000,000. Bang's disease affects not only dairy cattle but 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5359 it affects all cattle, especially beef cattle, and in practically Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I know he is, and I do not know every State in the Union a Federal and a State program is anybody in this House more sympathetic to this proposition being carried on at this time to exterminate the disease. If than the gentleman from Missouri. He is. placed in the em­ this failure to appropriate would in any way deter or detract barrassing situation of having to conduct the consideration from the fulfillment of the program we are now working on, of this bill on the :floor. He, of course, is going to try to certainly the appropriation ought to be increased to what sustain his committee. I know him. I know that . if this it has been in the past. Beef cattle, which predominates in a Committee will vote to pass this amendment and override the number of sections of the countrY-, are affected just as dairy great speech he is going to make here in a few minutes, there cattle are, and I know that in my herd of many _white-faced will not be anybody on this :floor better pleased than the cattle I have had condemned something like 20 of my best gentleman from Missouri. [Applause.] registered cattle. I am a firm believer in protecting this Mr. PLUMLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? form of industry; and since we have started, I know of no Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I yield. reason why for the little amount involved we should go back­ Mr. PLUMLEY. Would not the gentleman say that, so far ward instead of forward. I can see no reason why we should as we are concerned, the position in which the chairman not go back to the original appropriation of last year, $12,- finds himself is, so to speak, a "miscarriage" of justice? 000,000. If the Department does not need it or if it does not [Laughter.] use it, we will not have lost anything. If the Department . The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New Hampshire does need it, and the loss of it seriously affects the progress [Mr. ToBEY] is recognized for 5 minutes .. of the program of eradication, then we will have taken a Mr. TOBEY. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the backward step. [Applause.] amen9-ment offered by the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. The CHAIRMAN. The time of · the gentleman from WITHROW]. - . . . Arkansas has expired. Mr. Chairman, this. matter of Bang's disease is one of the Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I regret to try to great menaces not only to the .dairy industry but to the increase any appropriation in an appropriation bill that has health and life of countless individuals in this country. On been given consideration by the committee. However, I rise this point I may say, that at the pre8ent time there sits in in favor of this amendment, and I do so because I am con­ this House a Member whose Wife contracted undulant fever vinced from personal knowledge and experience in this par­ through the milk of cattle affected with Bang's disease, and ticular field that to reduce this appropriation is clearly a she had to remain in the hospital for 3 months. ease of false economy. We are being penny-wise and pound­ The State of New Hampshire has had a theory regarding foolish. I happen to own a dairy herd myself, in which I bovine tuberculosis that the best defense is a good offense. take a great deal of pride. I have just had that herd tested And on that basis we increased our appropriations materially for Bang's disease, and after I had been 15 years building and <;:leaned the matter up in a few years' time. I maintain up the herd, over half of them reacted to this test and must today that the way to·band!~ this pernicious Bang's dis,ease, be slaughtered. if we are going to handle it at all, is not to be niggardly with I want to tell you something about the practical proposi­ appropriations. Let us think first of the health and welfare tion you bave here. I do not know whether it has been of the children of the Nation. Child welfare in this country told here today or not. Bang's disease is a disease that is is more impo:rt;ant thari · $4,000,000 or $5,QOO,OOO additional easily spread.~ The secretions from affected cattle pasturing appropriation which we 'ask to be spent in t~s drive against in the field will infect the whole herd. Around a barn, if an Bang's disease. Decrease if you must, other items in this infected animal happens to stray in, it is liable to infect the bill, b.ut ·do not try to ·save .$3,000,000 or $4,000,000. on this entire herd with this disease and make them utterly useless item while we are in the midst of the fight. Keep the ap­ for breeding purposes. It applies to all classes of cattle, beef propriation this year up to at least what it was la~t year and as well as dairy cattle. Having embarked on this program conserve the ·progress we have made. I maintain that this and gotten halfway through, to a common-sense old farmer will be the cheapest policy in the end. Every man and wo­ in the country it looks rather silly to say that we are going inan in this body who comes from a dairy district knows the to stop now and let these stray cows come into your place ravages of this diseaSe among cattle, and to reduce the ap­ and infect other cattle and thus reinfect the whole country propriation for this disease now woufd nullify and undo with the disease. '!ben we would have to start all over again much of the good work accomplished in the past 3 years. and spend all the money over again that we spent before in Let us then stand squarely behind this Withrow amend­ seeking to eradicate it. ment to encourage curative and preventive measures and to In the State of Virginia the legislature, within the past 30 guard and protect the welfare of the children of America. days, -on invitation extended by the Federal Government, [Applause. 1 appropriated money to participate in this program, so that Mr.· ANDRESEN of Minnesota.· Mr. Chairman, I am soiT7 we may go ahead and clean it up in Virginia. that we have not had the advantage of the remarks to be Suppose we stop now-what happens? Eighty percent of made shortly by the distinguished chairman of the Subcom­ our counti~ in Virginia have been cleared of this disease. mittee on Appropriations, because I know he is one of the That leaves 20 diseased counties. If we stop this program leading dairymen in the State of Missouri. . H~ has a fine herd right in the middle, then all the 80 counties that have been of cattle, and he is probably more interested in the welfare cleared up at great expense to the Federal Government are of agriculture as a whole than any other Member from the going to be reinfected in the course of a year or two. Does great State of Missouri. It is very doubtful that · he can not that look like a rather short-sighted policy? make any strenuous objection to one of the most important This is not asking for an increase in the appropriation; pieces of health legislation that has ever been proposed in an this is merely asking for the old appropriation that we have agricultural bill. had heretofore. · Some may believe that the amendment proposed by the . The ch,airman of the committee, I think, is going to tell gentleman from Wisconsin asks for a large sum of money you to stand by the Budget; that you should not approve this for the specific benefit of American dairy farmers, but this ~ndment. I ask: What does the Budget Bureau know is not correct. The small item carried in the amendment about contagious abortion in cattle? offered by the gentleman from Wisconsin goes to preserve Mr. FULLER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? American health everywhere in the United States. It is not Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I yield. _ a dairy amendment exclusively, because the people of this Mr. FULLER. I may say in this connection that the gen- country who consume dairy products produced in the United . tleman in charge of this bill, the gentleman from Missouri Sta~es are entitled to pav~ pure milk, cream, and other dairy [Mr. CANNON], was the original advoGate of tJlis. measure, of products. all the Members o~ ~o:qgress, to. ~tart the fight on this All the amendment · does is carry out the administration disease. · of the law in order to bring about a healthful condition so 5360 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 13 far as dairy products are concerned. This will be beneficial Mr. Chairman, it is a thankless task to present one of to the health of the American people. The amendment these appropriation bills to the House. There is hardly should be agreed to. It is important that this work be con­ an item in this bill which some of our colleagues, some of tinued and carried on so that the herds in this country may our best friends,· do not want increased. If we had our way, be cleared up of Bang's disease, tuberculosis, and other in­ we would much prefer to increase them. Whenever one of fectious and contagious diseases. these committees errs it always errs on the side of prodi­ Most of the States have spent a great deal of money. gality. It never errs on the side of parsimony. We always Farmers having herds everywhere the work has been going give you really more than you ought to have. It is hard on have lost hundreds of thousands and millions of dollars in not to do it, and the House should take that into considera­ the destruction of livestOck through infectious disease. Those tion in passing on all amendments offered from the floor. animals have been destroyed. In most States now we have Mr. Chairman, although we have cut this bill $11,000,000 accredited herds which supply the Nation with a type of below the Budget estimate, we did not cut this item a penny. dairy product that has prolonged the American life. We are We gave you the full Budget estimate. Other items we cut doing something constructive, and I hope the amendment all through this bill. We have been more than generous. offered by the gentleman from Wisconsin will pass. We ask you to give the Government the. benefit of the doubt Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Will the gentleman yield? and vote this amendment down. Mr. ANDRESEN of Minnesota. I yield to the gentleman Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? from South Dakota. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, I am anxious to Mr. CASE of South Dakota. The gentleman from New have as complete a discussion of this matter as possible. I York [Mr. TABER] tells me that he intends to vote for this believe the more we know about this item the more we will amendment. be disposed to stand by the bill as reported. Mr. ANDRESEN of Minnesota. I am pleased to hear that I am glad to yield to the gentleman from Michigan. the gentleman from New . York [Mr. TABER], one of the Mr. MICHENER. I wanted to hear what the gentleman strongest supporters of economy, has come to the realization from Virginia had to say first. that this amendment should be agreed to. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. May I ask the gentleman from Mr. TABER. Will the gentleman yield? Missouri this question? The gentleman says we do not want Mr. ANDRESEN of Minnesota. I yield to the gentleman to appropriate money here and spend it wastefully. If you from New York. restore this appropriation under the Withrow amendment, Mr. TABER. I can see no possible excuse for adding you will not spend one dollar more than if you cut it as the $5,000,000 to the notorious farm-tenancy racket and cutting bill is now, because if there is an unexpended balance it $5,000,000 off this proposal for the maintenance of the health will be there for reappropriation another year. Is not that of the people. a true statement? Mr. ANDRESEN of Minnesota. Mr. Chairman, I am Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The gentleman knows better happy to have the contribution of the gentleman from New than I do the history of unexpended balances. The more York. I see the distinguished gentleman from Missouri, money you appropriate for Government bureaus the more they spend. Like Tom Sawyer's apple, there is never any chairman of the Subcommittee on Appropriations, rising. core. I know he is going to rise and say he will also agree with the Now I yield to the gentleman from Michigan. gentleman from New York and accept the amendment. Mr. MICHENER. My question is this: The gentleman de­ [Applause.] scribed the conditions in his State, saying the money was not Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, this debate has needed there. The gentleman from Wisconsin, which is the been productive of one unexpected result, and a very pleas­ greatest dairy State in the Union, described the conditions ant one. I was under the impression that I was about the in his State and said they could not do the work unless only cowpuncher in the House, but I discover that the gen• they had the money. Then the gentleman from Missouri tleman from Virginia, the gentleman from Arkansas, and said we should judge one State by the other. Which state numerous gentlemen on the other side are also cattlemen. would the gentleman suggest we follow in this instance? There is evidently a bond of common interest, an unsus­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I got my information from an pected fellowship, among us here. We are all cattlemen unbiased witness whose interest lay in the other direction. together. He would like to have more money to hire more men, to Mr. TOBEY. We are all brothers under the skin. provide more jobs. When a man testifies against his own M:r. CANNON of Missouri. Exactly. We all have the same interest that· is pretty strong evidence in favor of it. purpose in view. We are all cooperating to secure the same .Mr. PIERCE and Mr. SCHNEIDER of Wisconsin rose. result.- We all realize the importance of controlling this dis­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to the gentleman from ease and I am glad to remember it was at my suggestion the Oregon, who first rose. · Appropriations Committee recommended the first appropria­ Mr. PIERCE. I was not here when the gentleman com­ tion for the control of Bang's disease. The committee has menced speaking. Does the gentleman believe the amount consistently follpwed that policy, a program for the complete carried in this bill is sufiicient to carry on the prt~gram? eradication of Bang's disease in the shortest time practicable. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. From the evidence at hand, I We are all together on that proposition. am inclined to believe so. If there is any matter of doubt There· is then only one question before us this afternoon, about it, the doubt ought to be resolved in favor of the and that is, what is a reasonable amount with which to Treasury, especially just at this time. secure the best result? Mr. PIERCE. How much less does the bill as the gentle­ Mr. Chairman, the effective handling of a program of this man has it provide for this activity than was spent last year? dharacter requires time. It cannot be done in a night. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Seven million dollars. After 2 or 3 years' experience, during which time we have Mr. SCHNEIDER of Wisconsin. The gentleman has ad­ appropriated each year since 1934 from ten to fifteen million mitted the amount is $7,000,000 less in this bill than last dollars for this purpose, we have discovered that we can year. There was due his own State last year $864,000; and make haste by proceeding a little more leisurely and in under this bill the amount will be $334,000. Certainly the effect secure the same result with a smaller expenditure of gentleman does not believe this program can be carried out money. as it is planned at the present time. Mr. Chairman, at a time like this, when we are faced with Let me also call the gentleman's attention to the situation a growing deficit, why spend a single dollar unnecessarily 1n my own State of Wisconsin that used up all the money it · when, to all intent and purpose, we can get the same result was entitled to, which amounted to $1,321,000. It could for $5,300,000? have used a lot more in addition to this, but under the L r 1938 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE 5361

amount of the appropriation proposed here it would only have Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The distinguished rankin~ $511,000, and certainly the program must break down if this minority member of the subcommittee has expressed it item is to remain the same as proposed in the bill. accurately. If we would appropriate a billion dollal"S, we Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The gentleman should take could not wipe it out in a year. into consideration the fact that every yea-r since 1933 we· have Mr. WITHROW. Mr. Chairman. will the gentleman yield? been spending a large sum of money, and now. after these Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to the gentleman frODl years of experience, after we have had time to test the pro- · Wisconsin, one of the most valuable men in the House. gram out, we are recommending the amount proposed. in the Mr. WITHROW. Is it not a fact that if the money is not bill. It is a question of how much we can spend with profit. needed it will not be spent? There have been these bal­ Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman ances every year, and the money has not been thrown away. yield? There has been no charge that it has been. If it is not Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to the gentleman froni needed, it will not be spent. Give us a chance. Maine. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. It is, of course, a matter of" Mr. BREWSTER. Does the gentleman know whether ()r common .knowledge that as ·the end of the fiscal year ap­ not the bureau or the Department is allowed to· advocate proach~ chiefs ·of bureaus begin to speed up expenditures before his committee any appropriation in excess of the in order to avoid surpluses which on July 1 revert to the Budget allowance? Treasury. . Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Yes; if we ask them whether Mr. WITHROW. That has not been the case in this they need more money, they are at liberty to say so. Department. · Mr. BREWSTER. I have understood from various bureaus Mr. CANNON of Missouri. If so, it is an exception to the and Departments that they were under strict instruction, tn rule. fact, I have had it from the head of one of our greatest The CHAIRMAN. The time of the · gentleman from Mis­ Departments within the week, that they coUld not advocate souri has expired. All time has -expired. Without objecti-on, any appropriation in excess of the Budget. the amendment will be again reported. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Under the rules, they are not The Clerk read as follows: permitted to take the initiative, but when the committee Amendment offered by Mr. WITHRow: Page 25, line 15, strike ou' brings up the subject they are at liberty to answer and to "tl,603,000" and insert "$5,408,000." discms the .subject in full: The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the Mr. BREWSTER. Is the gentleman sure they are then amendment. under no prejudice so far as the Budget or their superiors The question was taken.; and on a division (demanded by are concerned? M:r. CANNON of Missouri) there were-ayes 58, noes 25. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Of course, as you know. the So the amendment was agreed to. Budget itself goes into these matters very exhaustively. The rClerk read as follows: Mr. does to sa;y BREWSTER. The gentleman not mean MEAT INSPECTION he has :substituted the Budget's judgment fQr his own? Meat inspection: For expenses in carrying out the 'provisions of Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The committee always con­ the Meat Inspection Act of June 30, 1906 (21 U. S. C. ~5), as ducts its own inquiry, and it might be said that in this par­ amended by the act of March 4, 1907 (21 U. S. C. 71-94), as extended ticular inStance the decision of the committee after hearing to equine meat by the act of July 24, 1919 (21 U. S. C. 96), and as authorized by section 2 (a) of the act of June 26, 1934 (81 U. S. C. the evidence was unanimous. There was not ·a dissenting vote 725a), including the purchase of printed tags, labels, stamps, and in either the commUtee or the subcommittee. certificates without regard to existing laws applicable to public Mr. PIERCE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? printing, $5,400,000. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to the gentleman from Mr. ARNOLD. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last Oregon. word and ask unanimous consent to proceed for 10 minutes Mr. PIERCE. The amount you have given is the full out of order. Budget amount? · The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The full Budget amount. We Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, I have already cut the bill over $11,000,000, but on this item we allowed the stated that I would object to any further request to speak out full amount. of order. We are very anxious to make progress with this bill Mr. PIERCE. It seems to me that the judgment of the today. Cannot the gentleman be satisfied with 5 minutes? committee that has given conscientious study to this ques­ Mr. ARNOLD. I think I should not be limited to 5 minutes. tion for days and days ought to have a good deal of respect Mr. CANNON of Missouri.. I shall not object, but I hope no in this House. I want all the money that can be legiti­ one else will ask to proceed out of order. mately used for· these activities, but this is a time when we Mr. ARNOLD. Mr. Chairman, .there seems to be a great ought to hold ourselves down as much as possible. d~al of interest in this House concerning the primary election Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The ·gentleman expresses the yesterday in lllinois. We are all interested in our colleague, attitude of the committee. We recommended the amount SCOTT W. LucAS, who is a member of the Committee on Agri­ which we thought would best serve the purpose at the time. culture, and who has been nominated by a majority of some Mr. ANDRESEN of Minnesota. Mr. Chairman, will the forty or fifty thousand votes. Of course, we all love Mr. Igoe, gentleman yield? who is also a former Member of the House, and with whom I Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to my friend from Min­ had the pleasure of serving 4 years in the Illinois House. He nesota. is a great man, and would make a wonderful Senator, but the Mr. ANDRESEN of Minnesota. The gentleman has sug­ matter I want to call to the attention of the House this after­ gested that all the 39 members of the full committee sus­ noon is the fact that our great Governor, Henry Horner, has tained the report of the subcommitee, but the gentleman has just succeeded in overriding the Chicago machine, first in said, and no doubt it is correct, that he is personally inter­ 1936, .renominating himself, and again in 1938 by renominat­ ested in this, and inasmuch as the matter was not brought ing his almost entire slate. He did not have an entire slate before the full committee and in order to save the gentleman in Cook County. · any personal embarrassment, I hope we will adopt the With­ He used Judge Jarecki, county judge, as the spearhead, row amendment, and then everything will be lovely. and Judge Jarecki was renominated. notwithstanding the Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The item was brought before Chicago machine tried to ditch him. That preserved the the whole committee and was .unanimously approyed.- sanctity of the ballot box, and that is the issue on which Mr. LAMBERTSON. And as expressed by a good many the campaign in Cook County was fought. I know Henry Members, is it not an iridescent dream to think that by Horner well, because I served under ·him as Governor for appropriating two or three million dollars more we can wipe 4 years, and in my opinion he is the greatest man in this out this disease? It cannot be done in that way. country today. He should be President of these United 5362 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 13 States. He came from Chicago down-State; without know­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The gentleman is proceeding ing anything about agriculture, about cattle, and in 4 years out of order, but he will be content with 5 minutes at this he has become an authority on everything it-takes to run time? a great State like Dlinois. He has completely sold himself ' Mr. VOORms. If the chairman of the subcommittee will to the people down-State, until they all love him, and I know not object to my having 5 minutes when I · introduce the that he can sell himself to the people of this Nation, and I amendment, I would, of course. rather wait until then. for one think there is no greater man in· the country than Mr. QANNON of Missouri. I shall not object, but I under­ Gov. Henry Horner. stand that the gentleman will not ask for more than 5 min­ Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman utes now. yield? Mr. VOORIDS. Yes. Mr. ARNOLD. Yes. Mr. Chairman, this item is important to many sections of Mr. MICHENER. Does the gentleman think he can sell the West for a variety of reas<>ns. It is important to all of himself to the New Deal? the United States, because it has to do with a study of the Mr. ARNOLD. Henry Homer is a man who stands on his forest cover, of tree planting, of percolation of moisture into own feet, and in my opinion he is the best administrator in the soil, of run-off and erosion, and all those related matters. this Nation. The obvious importance of this matter from the standpoint Mr. MICHENER. What I like about him is that he stands of flood control, for example, should be clear to anybody. I on his own feet, as the gentleman says. have figures here on the recent flood in California to show Mr. ARNOLD. You cannot take him off his feet. He the amount of debris that was deposited in our flood-control has had plenty of background, and he will take care of reservoirs. I have a list of the reservoirs', The Dunsmuir himself. Reservoir, for instance, with a capacity of 128,000 cubic yards, Mr. LAMBERTSON. Did I Understand the gentleman had 125,000 cubic yards of debris deposited in it. The reser­ that he should be President of the United states right now? voir at Pickens, which has a capacity of 112,000 cubic yards, Mr. ARNOLD. In 1940 he should be ·a candidate, and if had 110,000 cubic yards of debris deposited in it. I could he is a candidate there is no doubt in my mind that he go down the line and give figures on other reservoirs. Let me, will be elected. however, give you the figures on the Brand Reservoir where Mr. DOWELL. Is the gentleman nominating him for work has been done by the Forestry Department. This res­ President at this time? . ervoir had a capacity of approximately 70,000 cubic yards but Mr. ARNOLD. Nothing would give me greater pleasure only 15,000 cubic yards of debris was deposited. than to see Mr. Horner nominated. I wish he could appear If our flood-control work is to be any good, it is important before the Members of this House, and if he could I know that this upstream flood-control work be done. This item is that he would drive his arrow into the heart of every Mem­ a small item. My amendment will only call for $25,000, but it ber and that the membership of the House _would realize will be offered for the purpose of protecting a work already that Henry Horner is the greatest man in this country today. started to find the type of forest cover which is necessary in · Mr. KNUTSON~ Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? order to hold these soils and to prevent this very destructive · Mr. ARNOLD. I yield. . erosion from taking place. If today or tomorrow another Mr. KNUTSON. Does the gentleman make any reser­ flood should come in our section of the country it would be vations in saying he is the greatest administrator in the utterly destructive not only to life and property but also to the country today, or does he make that statement without existing flood-control works because of the fact that they reservation? have been filled with debris. As a matter of plain common Mr. ARNOLD. Do not try to get me in a hole. sense in the long run, as well as for the protection of life and Mr. KNUTSON. I would say to the gentleman that, so property in such regions, this item seems to ·me to be most far as we are concerned, we would be perfectly willing to important. All I shall ask is a restoration of the Budget fig­ take him on as President right now. ures which was justified by the Department and which was Mr. ARNOLD. I am just calling the attention of the Mem­ recommended by the Budget. I should like to ask more than bers of the House to the availability of Henry Horner. He is that in order that this plant which has cost a million dollars young, perhaps 52 or 53 years of age; he is a hard worker; so far to construct in my own section and other plants of he works 16 hours a day as Governor of Dlinois. He will work similar character elsewhere in the country for the study of hard as President. He will not delegate his power, but he will these forest influences might be operated in a really emcient do a great deal of the work himself. and effective way. The San Dimas experiment is the one In my humble opinion, Henry Horner will be heard from with which I am most familiar. in the next 2 years in. a way that will surprise the Members It is located in the mountains of southern California. of this House. [Applause.] There has been expended already approximately $1,000,000 Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance of my time. for the construction and installation of equipment, includ­ The Clerk read as follows: ing, for example, 9 dams, 17 stream-gaging stations, 400 rain · Total, Bureau of Dairy Industry, $711,194, of which amoWlt not gages. They have the finest lysimeter system in the coun­ to exceed $338,470 may be expended· for personal services in the try to measure percolation and they have laboratories for District of Columbia. studying the results. . Mr. VOORms. . Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the This is important not only to my particular section, as I last word. have said, but to many other sections of our country. Mr. Chairman, a little later in the bill I shall offer an [Applause.] amendment to restore to the bill the Budget figures for the . [Here the gavel fell.] Item of forest influences. This item appears in the middle The Clerk read as follows: of page 46. Dry-land agriculture: For the Investigation and improvement of · Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, will the gentle­ methods of crop production under subhumid, semiarid, or dry-land conditions, $211,828: Provided, That no part of this appropriation man yield? shall be used for the establishment of any new field station. Mr. VOORHIS. I yield. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. We have not yet reached that . Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. point of the bill. Would the gentleman prefer to discuss it which I send to the Clerk's desk. when we reach it? The Clerk read as follows: Mr. VOORms. I wanted to do that also, but I want to Amendment offered by Mr. FERGusoN: Page 35, line 6, strike out speak for this additional 5 minutes. I am not offering my "$211,828" and insert "$226,828." amendment now, but there are a number of matters con­ Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Chairman, this item was in the nected with it and I am afraid I cannot explain them in Budget. Last year the deficiency appropriation provided 6 minutes. $80,000 for establishing a grass-breeding station in conjunc- 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5363 tion with a dry-land field station at Woodward, Okla. The for this particular purpose, the study of erosion-resisting land has been purchased and the work is under way. This grasses. is a station to experiment with the native grasses in the Under the circumstances, Mr. Chairman, feeling that the Great Plains area. in order to determine how they may be item has been adequately cared for, we cannot recommend used to resod the ground. This item was accepted last year further appropriations for this work. after I talked to the President of the United States, in com­ Mr. HOPE. Will the gentleman yield? pany with Mr. Wilson, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to the gentleman from This item is to provide the necessary information to keep Kansas. the soil from blowing away and resulting in restoring the Mr. HOPE. Can the gentleman tell us whether any of the ranges to their original productivity. That tremendous area various funds mentioned may be used for the specific purpose in the Great Plains country has been terrifically depleted. referred to by the gentleman from Oklahoma? The grass in many sections has been completely wiped out. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Yes. The $225,000 is for the The Soil Conservation Service estimates that 50,000,000 acres specific purpose of work in erosion-resisting grasses. shoUld be restored to grass, yet they have no real or ade­ Mr. HOPE. Does the gentleman mean it may be used at quate information on how to proceed in using the native the same point? · grasses in this work. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. It can be allocated by the De­ I read the following statement made to the. Secretary of partment to such experimental stations as it prefers. Agriculture by a committee from all the affected bureaus: Mr. FERGUSON. Will the gentleman yield? 1. The importance and necessity of regra.ssing extensive areas Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to the gentleman from tn solving the economic and social problems of the southern Great Oklahoma. Plains, together with the lack of adequate informa.tion and mate­ Mr. FERGUSON. In the testimony given by Dr. McCall rials necessary to do this job effectively, justify a comprehensive grass research program in that area. before the gentleman's committee, this took place: Mr. CANNON .. Under this item of forage crops and diseases you The Government has already purchased 22,000,000 acres of have an increase of $10,000 which goes back again ~ the station marginal land and this bill provides additional funds for the at Woodward, Okla., being spent in connection with the $15,000 1n purchase of marginal lands. Grass research is the only grazing investigations? sensible approach to find out what we should do in restoring That appears on page 329 of the hearings and these are this land to its original productivity. the only two items that have anything to do with this grass­ This work has been started. It received the approval of breeding work. There is no reference · made to any other the committee last year. This is not an additional appro­ . funds to be used for this purpose, priation. If you will turn to page 17 of the committee report Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The sum of $225,000 has been you Will see where it has been described as a Budget in­ provided ·for this specific purpose. When this matter was crease. That indicates the. importance. of this work. The before the committee we asked Mr. Wilson who appeared committee knew that this continuing appropriation to put for the Department as to the nature of the work they ex­ the item into operation was coming up. .Allow me to read pected to do. He said they had already made exhaustive from ·the ·testimonY last year at the time this station was researches in Asia in the hope of securing grasses which started: could be advantageon&lY used in this country, and they Mr. WooDRUM. After this system ts set up, according to the seemed to have finally reached the conclusion that the situ­ statement of the Budget Bureau, there wlll be an expenditure of ation was best adapted to the use of native grasses, for ex­ approximately $30,000 annually? ample, buffalo grass, which is a native grass indigenous to The members· of the committee were cognizant of the that section of the country. With that in view, the commit­ fact it would take money to put these lands that were ac~ tee considered . additional appropriations unnecessary. quired last year into a position for use · in developing these The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment native grasses. They have had some success out there on offered by the gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. FERausoNJ. very small plats of ground in developing type~ of native The question was taken; and on a division f Missouri. Mr. Chairman, I rise in oppo­ is made to the possibility of such funds being used, that this sition to the amendment offered-by the gentleman from Okla­ very body appropriated $80,000 last year to start this pro­ homa [Mr. FERGUSON]. gram, and now, because of an attempt to economize, proposes Mr. Chairman, the development of grasses which will con­ to strike out these two items of $25,000 that weTe to be used trol eroSion, especially in the section to which the gentleman for this purpose. When the· committee last year approved refers, is highly important, and with this in view, adequate the $80,000 appropriation, I read you the testimony showing provision was made for that purpose. The sum of $160,000 that the committee specifically inquired if additional funds has been included in this bill for the 'breeding of grasses and were required for this pw·pose, and Mr. Jump, from the De­ the culture and improvement of forage crops and diseases. partment of Agriculture, . stated· it would require $30,000 an­ The sum of $40,000 has been appropriated for the economic nually for this purpose.- You turned down the proposition of s~tudy of grasses. The sum of $225,000 has- been appropriated $15,000 for making the land suitable to plant grass. The 5364 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 13 other provision fs for $10,000 for forage crops, and this sum the provisions of the act entitled 'An act to authorize cooperation with the several States for the purpose of stimulating the acquisi­ is to be used for the same purpose in conjunction with the tion, development, and proper administration and management of dry-land station at Woodward. If I thought there were any State forests and coordinating Federal and State activities in carry­ funds available for this, I certainly would not insist on these ing out a national program of forest-land management, and for amendments, but I know from reading the testimony there is other purposes,' approved August 29, 1935 (49 Stat. 963), $2,000,000." no other source for these funds. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, the purpose for This is what Mr. Jump said last year when appearing be­ which this amendment is offered is commendable, but in fore the Committee on Appropriations, when the gentleman making these appropriations we have to consider the whole from Missouri [Mr. CANNON] was present: picture rather than any item. We have just so much money I thlnk I should make .clear the statement about the $30,000 to spend, and unfortunately we cannot include every meri­ that Mr, WooDRUM mentioned, and which presumably will come before Mr. CANNON's subcommittee next year. That will be for torious item that could be advantageously included if funds the necessary men to do this experimental work. We are simply were available. We have to cut the- coat out of the cloth trying to save a year by getting the dam constructed and the we have, and after considering the various propositions pre­ reservoir started now. sented, the committee thought that for the present at least That was last spring, when they were appropriating $30,- it would be better to defer this appropriation to a later 000 for this experiment station. The committee was notified date. at the same time there would have to be additional funds We trust that the amendment will not be agreed to. to carry on this work. Is the Congress, which is spending The CHAffiMAN. The question is on the amendment millions of dollars in combatting dust storms with physical offered by the gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. FuLMER]. means, such as making terraces, contour listing, and in other The amendment was rejected. ways, going to turn down a $10,000 item that will be the The Clerk read as follows: means of furnishing the only practical information on how to Forest influences: For investigations and experiments at forest use native grasses in this work? That is what they are doing experiment stations or elsewhere for determining and demonstrat­ now. They have several species of bu1Ialo grass they are ing the influence of natural vegetative cover characteristic of breeding in an attempt to get one kind of buffalo grass in forest, range, or other wild land on water conservation, flood con­ trol, stream-flo~ regulation, erosion, climate, and maintenance of which the seed will stand erect. If we can get that we can soil productivity, and for developing preventive and control meas­ gather buffalo grass seed and reseed it. They have found ures therefor, $114,152. that by various and sundry methods, planting with nurse Mr. VOORIDS. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. crops or in weeds at certain times of the year, grama grass. The Clerk read as follows: can be planted on these denuded areas. If we do not restore Amendment otrered by Mr. VooRHIS: Page 46, in line 12, strike the grass by some artificial method of regrassing, these lands out "$114,152, and insert "$139,152." are just a menace to the surrounding country. I am not talking about the country immediately adjacent to Okla­ Mr. VOORIDS. Mr. Chairman, this is the amendment · homa, because everyone from that western country knows about which I spbke a few moments ago. the condition of the range from Canada to the Gulf of In order to give the Committee some idea of the kind of Mexico. It is the greatest problem we have to face. We work that is done under this appropriation I want to read spend millions of dollars on com breeding and millions on three paragraphs from the hearings in a statement I pre­ cotton breeding, but we do not provide in any place in this sented after some careful study of the situation: bill one single dime for breeding native grasses, the plant 1. FLOOD AND RUN-OFF that naturally belongs to the plains and must be restored if Operation and maintenance of weirs to measure storm-water that land is to produce anything. flow and surface run-off; of gages to determine amount, charac­ teristics, and intensity of precipitation; of instruments to deter­ Mr. LAMBERTSON. If the gentleman will yield, is it not mine absorption, percolation, and seepage; also compilation and true that all of our experiment stations in the West are do- analysis of records. ing this same thing, practically? - Status of installations: Twenty-three V -notch and Venturi welrs and stream gages in operation with synchronized controls and with Mr. FERGUSON. This is the first attempt that has been distance impulse transmitters with interconnecting circuits com­ made, except at Mandan. plete; concrete and masonry flood-control dams and channel pav­ tHere the gavel fell.] ing, 85 percent constructed; conduits and aqueducts in place; Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman diversion ditches and storm-water bypasses, 90 percent complete; approximately 100 surface run-otr plots established in place and from Oklahoma has been discussing one of the vital prob­ equipped with flow-meters and percolation and seepage tubes; 400 lems in the conservation of our agricultural resources, but standard gages installed; 20 recording precipitation intensity meters the amendment just rejected and the pending amendment in operation; 8 complete meteorological and microclimatic stations in operation; power plant in operation; topographic, edaphic, and relate to the same project. The committee considered them cover-type surveys complete; watershed compartments and inter­ together since they relate to the same subject matter, and drainage lines established; 30 miles of roads; 100 miles of trails; in disallowing one, disallowed the other, because elsewhere 40 miles of firebreaks; 20 field shelters; 30 buildings, including in the bill ample provision is made for the purpose. gaging houses; 60 miles of telephone lines; 3 special lookouts: Mr. Chairman, I ask for a vote. flumes completed. 2. SOn. FIXATION AND CONTROL The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment Operation and maintenance of catchment basins and small res­ offered by the gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. FERGUSON]. ervoirs to determine amount and character of silt and other debris The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by carried by storm water; of instruments to detennlne quality of Mr. FERGUSON) there were--ayes 15, noes 16. water in streams; and to detennine method of fixing surface soil in place of following fire or other disturbance or exposure. Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Chairman, I ask for tellers. Status of installations: Fifteen catchment basins and small res­ Tellers were refused. ervoirs, complete with sampling apparatus; reservoir cleaning and So the amendment was rejected. desilting devices installed; contour gunnite works and fixation pegs and markers in place; 50 slope plots entirely equippea with The Clerk read as follows: silt and debris samplers; fencing and wattlework, 80 percent com­ Private forestry cooperation: For cooperation with and advice plete; drainage, masonry, and other engineering phases entirely to timberland owners and associations, wood-using industries or finished; control measures in place along approximately 50 miles ather appropriate agencies in the application of forest management of slopes, adjacent to roadways, etc.; stabilization works installed principles to private forest lands, so as to attain sustained yield 1n burned watersheds and barrancas, outflow plains and washes. management, the conservation of the timber resource, the produc­ road banks, cienegas, etc. tivity of forest lands, and the stabilization of employment and eco­ 3. WATER LOSS BY VEGETATION nomic continuance of forest industries, $200,000. Operation and maintenance of devices and instruments (lyslm­ Mr. FULMER. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. eters or soil boxes) to measure and record time, rate, and total water losses through evaporation or transpiration by native forest The Clerk read as follows:' and chaparral species; maintenance o1 continuing records; com­ Amendment offered by Mr. FuLMER: On page 45, after line 2, pilation and analysis of data. insert: "Cooperation with States in national program of forest-land These are the main things that are done under this aP­ management: To enable the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out propriation, included by the committee as an item of only 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5365 $114,152, with an amount recommended by the Budget of · Mr. LAMBERTSON. It is all in the ·Forest Service, and $139,152. hundreds of men in the Forest Service are doing this work This _work is fund~qtental to the .work of reforestation, on the side. and it is fundamental to the work of upstream flood control. Mr. VOORHIS. But they cannot do it without money. Let me read you again from the hearings a portion of the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment statement on the particular experim~ntal forest in my own offered by the gentleman from California. district, which, however, is only typical of work done else­ The question was taken; and on a division ort of the locals, if Mooney has ever stood aloof from their fight to amendment. I can add little to those words which i have win better wages and shorter hours. They will tell you that aiready spoken on this subject. I hope the amendment of . the solidarity between Tom Mooney and his union brothers the gentleman from New York will be adopted, because .it is has· never been one-sided. 'Ib.e workers have · stuck by not simply for ourselves that we are doing this work for the Mooney. And he has stuck by them, sending his messages eradication of the Dutch elm disease but also for the entire of courage and hope from his prison cell United states. We are matching these funds dollar for dol­ PEGLEa, NOT MOONEY, AN "EGOTIST" AND "HAM ACTOR" lar; State funds against Federal funds, in an endeavor to No, Tom M-ooney is not an "egotist," nor is he a "ham stamp out this disease and also to prevent its spread to other actor." Those words fit Westbrook Pegler, but tb£y have States. nothing in common with Tom Mooney. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 13 Neither is Mooney a Communist, as Pegler roguishly tries address the people of the United States over the heads, as it to imply. Mooney does not want to overthrow the United were, of the Secretary. of State and the President, should States .Government by. force and violence. He lea.ves that first have permission so to do from tnose high ·officials of ugly ambition to the Fascist putschists at home, who are the United States. I call the attention of the Members of learning the ghoulish lesson from Hitler and Mussolini. the House to this correspondence of mine with an official of Pegler's fouls will not hurt Tom Mooney. Mooney is too . the National· Broadcasting_ Co., bringing out these facts, big for that. He is going to get a decision on points soon which I think you will agree are reprehensible. I append now. And Pegler's feints against· the red menace, while this correspondence, as follows: his blows really land on Mooney, will not fool anybody. DEcEMBER 24, 1937, Pegler's column may be "fair enough" to Pegler's way of NATIONAL BROADCASTING Co., thinking. But it does not go with the American peo­ Wq,shington, D. C. GENTLEMEN: Please immediately inform the undersigned as to ple. Tom Mooney, "Unfair Enough" Pegler to the contrary whether or not the permission bf the President or the Secretary of notwithstanding, must and will go free. State was given you to allow the recent radio broadcast of the Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ Japanese Ambassador, or whether or not, in fact, you communi­ cated at all with the President or the Secretary of State before mous consent that the gentleman from Montana may have allowing this broadcast. permission to revise and extend his remarks in the RECORD Thanking you in advance. at this point. · Very sincerely, . The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the l.. ALFRED N. PHILLIPS, Jr. gentleman from Missouri? NATIONAL BROADCASTING Co., INC., .. There was no objection. Washington, D. C., December 29, 1937. ·• The Clerk read down to and including line 25 on page 62. Hon. ALFRED -N. PHILLIPS, Jr., Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, I move that ~o G_Zenbrook Road, Stamford, Conn. DEAR REPRESENTATIVE PHILLIPS: Your letter of December 24 has the Committee do now rise. been referred to me for reply. · The motion .was agreed to. I am now gathering all information relative to the recent broad­ Accordingly the Cominittee. ro5e; · and the Speaker pro cast by the Japane~e Ambassador. Upon your return to Washington tempore · [Mr. RAYBURN] . having resumed the Chair, Mr. . I . wish you woUld have your secretary call me,. as I would like to come to your omce and make a full explanation to you. · · NELSON, Chairman of the · Committee of the Whole House Sincerely yours, on the state of the Union, reported that that Committee, FaANx M. RUSSELL, having ·had. under consideration the bill the House, in accordance with its previous JANUARY 24, 1938. order, adjourned until tomorrow, Thursday, April 14, 1938, Mr. FRANK M. RussELL, at 11 o'clock a. m. National Broadcasting Co., Inc., Translu:r: Building, Washington, D. C. MY DEAR MR. RussELL: I have your letter of January 20 in ex­ COMMITTEE HEARINGS planation of recent broadcast made by th~ ·Japanese Am}?assador. It is ·inconceivable to me how a broadcast of this nature could COMMITTEE ON NAVAL AFFAIRS be permitted withoui first obtaining the definite sanction of the President of the United States or the Secretary of State. Committee on Naval Affairs, House of Representatives, will I am sorry this was not done in the· above instance. Would you hold fUll open meeting Thursday, April 14, 1938, at 10:30 please tell me tlle name of the individual or firm sponsoring this a. m. for the consideration of the following bills: broadcast? .Very slncerely, ALFRED N. PHILLIPS, Jr. H. R. 7777. To further amend section 3 of the act entitled "Ari act to establish the composition of the United states NATIONAL BROADCASTING Co., INC., Navy wlth respect to the categories of vessels limited by the Washington, D. C:, January 27, 1938. treaties signed at Washington, February 6, 1922, and at Hon. ALFRED N. PHILLIPS, Jr., . . London, April 22, 1930, at the limit prescribed by those House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. treaties; to authorize the construction of certain naval ves­ DEAR MR. PHILLIPS: The program to which you refer in your letter of January 24 is known !J.S the Energine Radio Newsreel, sels; and for other purposes,'' approved March 27~ 1934 (48 and is sponsored by the CUmmer Products Co., of Bedford, Ohio. Stat. 505), as amended by the act of ·June 25, 1936 (49 stat. Sincerely yours, · · · · · 1926; U.S. C., sec. 496). F. M. RussELL. · H. R. 9965. To provide for civilian naval training, and for HOUR OF MEETING TOMORROW other purposes. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous S. 2338. To authorize the Secretary of the Navy to proceed consent that when the House adjourns today it adjourn to with the construction of certain public works, and for other meet at 11 o'clock ·tomorrow morning. purposes. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE request .of the g·entleman from Missouri? There will be an open hearing of Mr. CHAPMAN's subcom­ There was no objection. mittee of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce EXTENSION OF REMARKS Thursday, Aprll 14, 1938, at 10 a. m. . Business to be con­ Mr. O'CONNELL of Montana. . Mr, Speaker, I ask unani­ sidered: Continuation of hearing on H. R. 9047, control of mous consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD. venereal diseases, and other kindred bills. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the COMMITTEE ON FLOOD CON'IROL request of the gentleman from Montana? There was no objection. Set forth below are dates, times of meetings, subjects of DISTRICT COURT FOR THE TERRITORY OF HAWAII hearings, and parties to be heard with respect to a number of hearings scheduled before the Flood Control Committee: Mr.-GREEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that The Committee on Flood Control will continue hearings the Committee on the Territories be discharged from the on Thursday, April 14, 1938, at 10 a. m. Local representa­ further consideration of the bill (H. R. 10187) to make tives of the Missouri River and tributaries will be heard. efiective in the District Court for the Territory of Hawaii The Committee on Flood Control will continue hearings rules promulgated by the Supreme Court of the United States ·on Friday, April 15, 1938, at 10 a. m. Local representatives governing pleading, practice, and procedure in the district of the lower Mississippi River and other tributaries will be courts of the United States, and that the bill be referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. heard. The SPEAKER pro tempore: Is there objection to the The Committee on Flood Control will continue hearings request of the gentleman from Florida? on Saturday, April 16, 1938, at 10 a. m. L~cal representa­ There was no objection. · tives of the lower Mississippi River and other tributaries will be heard. EXTENSION OF REMARKS The Committee on Flood Control will contin.ue hearings . Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that on Monday, April 18, 1938, at 10 a. m. Senators and Mem­ the gentleman from New York [Mr. CELLER] may be per­ bers of Congress will be heard. mitted to extend his own remarks in the RECORD. COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the r.equest of the gentleman from Florida? The Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries will There was no objection. hold hearings at 10 a.m. in room 219, House Office Building, Mrs. O'DAY asked and was given permission to extend her on the following bills on the dates indicated: own remarks in the RECORD. · Thursday, April 14, 1938: The SPEAKER pro tempore