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Çözümlemeli Moğolca Kuş Adlari-2

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Çözümlemeli Moğolca Kuş Adlari-2 3.10.2019 KMOKSY ÇÖZÜMLEMELİ MOĞOLCA KUŞ ADLARI-2 Mongolian Bird Names with Literal Translations, Названия Птиц в Монгольском Языке Ümüt Çınar 2 Kazım Çapacı hocama ithafen1 Türk Dünyası Kuşları başlıklı daha geniş bir çalışmanın ön hazırlığında toplanan tarantıları kullanıma açmak için hazırlanan bu sözlükte takım takım sıralanan taksonların Latince bilim adının ardından yay () ayıraç içinde o taksonun Türkçe (ᴛᴜʀ) İngilizce (ᴇɴɢ) ve Rusçaları (ʀᴜs) gösterildikten sonra – işaretiyle ayrılan Moğolca (mon = khk + mvf монгол хэл) kuşların adları koyu puntoyla verilmiştir. Moğolistan'ın (Mongolia) resmi dili Halka Moğolcası (khk) ile Çin'e bağlı İç Moğolistan'ın (Inner Mongolia) resmi dili Çahar Moğolcası (mvf) yazı konusu olup italik dizilen ISO 639-3 kodlarıyla (khk ile mvf) birbirinden ayrılmaktadır. Kod belirtilmeyenler Halka Moğolcasına aittir. Moğolca kuş adlarının harfiyen tercümesi [«ᴛᴜʀ çevrinti ᴇɴɢ literal translation ʀᴜs буквальный перевод, дословный перевод»] tırnak ayraç içinde yine üç dilde verilmiştir. Türkçe Kuş Adları (Turkish Names of Birds, 2016) ile İngilizce Kuş Adları (English Names of Birds, 2015-2017) html sayfalarından kuşların diğer karşılıklarına bakabilirsiniz. Sibagu (ᠰᠢ ꠠ ᠭᠤ sibaɣu «kuş») adlı güzel bir sitede Moğolca kuş adları çözümlemeli olarak titizce ele alnmış. Oradaki çözüntülerle buradaki çözüntüler farklı olduğundan karşılaştırma yapabilmek için sitedekileri dipnot olarak gösteriyorum. Sitede Moğolistan (ve Çin) faunasına ait türlerin Moğolcaları Moğolistan ve İç Moğolistan kaynaklarına göre ayrı ayrı verilmektedir. Ben burada İç Moğolistan'daki kuş adlarını kaynağına ulaşamadığım için siteden aktarıyorum. İnternete yüklenenlere göre, Moğolca kuş adları tek bir yerden çıkan ve biri eski diğeri yeni iki ayrı listenin dolaşımından oluşuyor ve alternatif adlar yok denecek kadar az. Bu iki listenin asıl kaynağına erişemesem de, eski listeden aktarılanları Sibagu sitesi önceden (formerly) kullanıldığını belirterek alıyor. Çözüntüleri oluşturan sözler yazının sonunda Harfiyen Çeviriler için Moğolca Çözümleme Sözlüğü başlığı altında verilmiştir. Moğol adlandırma mantığı diğer dillerden farklıdır ve başlıbaşına bir ekol durumundadır. Bu kuş adlarını verimli kullanabilmek için aynı dil ailesinde bulunan Buryatça ve Kalmukça ile karşılaştırmak, etki sahasında olduğu Rusçalarına da bakmak gerekiyor. Eski bir kaynak olan Pallas'ın 1811 yılında yayımlanan Zoographia rosso-asiatica adlı çalışmasını da dikkate almak gerekiyor. Yay ayraç içinde (Ü.Ç = Ümüt Çınar) olarak gösterilenler dilin adlandırma geleneğine bağlı kalınarak burada tarafımdan çevrilmiştir. Latince bilim adı tespit edilemeyenler ʜᴀʏᴍᴀᴛʟᴏs (undetermined) olarak belirtildi. 1 Facebook'ta herkese açık Kelime Oyunu grubunu kuran Kazım Çapacı ve diğer katılımcı arkadaşlarla bol bol etimoloji alıştırması yapıp kelimelerle oynadık ve hâlâ oynuyoruz. Kazım hocamla Moğol bozkırlarında asırlarca birlikte ismen de olsa at koşturup kartal uçurmak benim için onurdur. Kendisi aynı zamanda bu kuş adları taramasını teşvik eden ve yayımlanması için kalemiyle kalemimi tetikleyen kişidir. Kaleminiz kırılmasın hocam. 2 3 Kuşların Moğolca Adları 1. Non-Passeriformes 2. Passeriformes (ᴛᴜʀ ötücükuşlar ᴇɴɢ passerines ʀᴜs воробьинообразные) – боршувуутан , бор шувуу хэлбэртэн 3. Eurylaimidae (ᴛᴜʀ genişgagalıgiller ᴇɴɢ broadbills ʀᴜs рогоклювы) – өргөн хошуут шувуухайнхан «2» 4. Psarisomus dalhousiae (ᴛᴜʀ uzunkuyruk genişağız ᴇɴɢ long-tailed broadbill ʀᴜs длиннохвостый ширококлюв, длиннохвостый рогоклюв) – урт сүүлт цуравдай mvf «ᴛᴜʀ uzun kuyruklu palazcık ᴇɴɢ long-tailed chicklet ʀᴜs птенчик с длинным хвостом»3 , өргөн хошуут шувуухай mvf «ᴛᴜʀ geniş gagalı kuşçuk ᴇɴɢ broad-billed birdlet ʀᴜs птичка с широким клювом»4 5. Pittidae (ᴛᴜʀ pittagiller ᴇɴɢ pittas ʀᴜs питтовые) – тарлан таргалжийнхан «5» 6. üyesi (ᴛᴜʀ pitta ᴇɴɢ pitta ʀᴜs питта) – тарлан таргалж mvf «ᴛᴜʀ ala ardıç ᴇɴɢ motley thrush ʀᴜs крапчатый дрозд» 7. Pitta nympha (ᴛᴜʀ peri pitta ᴇɴɢ fairy pitta ʀᴜs питта-нимфа) – хөх далавчит тарлан таргалж mvf «ᴛᴜʀ gök kanatlı ala ardıç ᴇɴɢ blue-winged motley thrush ʀᴜs крапчатый дрозд с синим крылом»6 8. Passeri (ᴛᴜʀ özötücüler ᴇɴɢ oscines ʀᴜs певчие птицы) – дуучин шувууд «ᴛᴜʀ şarkıcı kuşlar ᴇɴɢ singer birds ʀᴜs птицы-певцы» 8.1. üyesi (ᴛᴜʀ ötücü kuş ᴇɴɢ songbird ʀᴜs певчая птица) – дуучин шувуу «ᴛᴜʀ şarkıcı kuş ᴇɴɢ singer bird ʀᴜs птица-певец» 9. Oriolidae (ᴛᴜʀ sarıasmagiller ᴇɴɢ orioles ʀᴜs иволговые) – шаргачийнхан «7» 10. Oriolus (ᴛᴜʀ sarasmalar ᴇɴɢ orioles ʀᴜs иволги) – шаргач khk «8» < шар «ᴛᴜʀ sarı ᴇɴɢ yellow ʀᴜs жѐлтый» , гургалдай khk mvf «ᴛᴜʀ sülüncük ᴇɴɢ pheasantlet ʀᴜs фазанчик»9 , гургуулдай 2 Sibagu: Өргөн хошуут шувуухайнхан 3 Sibagu: Урт сүүлт цуравдай ᠣᠷᠲᠣ ᠰᠡ ᠭᠦ ᠯᠲᠦ ᠵᠣ ᠷꠠ ᠳᠠ ᠢ urt süült tsuravdai 'long-tailed chick' 4 Sibagu: Өргөн хошуут шувуухай ᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨ ᠬᠣ ᠰᠢ ᠭᠣ ᠲᠣ ᠰᠢ ꠠ ᠣ ᠬᠠ ᠢ örgön khoshuut shuvuukhai 'broad-billed birdlet' 5 Sibagu: Тарлан таргалжийнхан 6 Sibagu: Хөх далавчит тарлан таргалж ᠬᠦ ᠬᠡ ᠳᠠ ᠯᠠ ᠪᠶᠢ ᠲᠣ ᠲᠠ ᠷᠯᠠ ᠨ ᠲᠠ ᠷᠭᠠ ᠯᠵᠢ khökh dalavcht tarlaŋ targalj 'darkblue-winged varicoloured thrush' 7 Sibagu: Шаргачийнхан sharagchiŋkhaŋ 8 Sibagu: Given that the name Гургалдай gurgaldai is primarily used for the genus Luscinia, in pre-2007 ornithological Mongolian the name for the orioles was Шаргач бялзуухай sharagch byalzuukhai 'yellowish finch' or 'bay finch', where Бялзуухай byalzuukhai is a generic term applied to small passerine songbirds. This name is also found in the Imperial Pentaglot Manchu Mirror (37) as an equivalent to Chinese 黄 鸟 huángniǎo 'yellow bird', which is another Chinese name for the oriole. In the "binomial" list of 2007, this name was shortened and standardised to Шаргач sharagch. 9 Sibagu: Mongolian has a long tradition of calling the orioles Гургалдай gurgaldai or Алтан гургалдай altan gurgaldai 'golden gurgaldai'. (Inner Mongolian prefers the pronunciation Гургуулдай gurguuldai). The name Алтан гургалдай altan gurgaldai appears in the Qing-era Imperial Pentaglot Manchu Mirror (37), originally published 1805, as the equivalent of Chinese 黄鹂 huánglí (Black-naped Oriole). This tradition continues in many dictionaries, with Гургалдай gurgaldai listed as the Mongolian equivalent of 'oriole' in English-Mongolian dictionaries, the Mongolian equivalent of Иволга ivolga in Russian-Mongolian dictionaries, and the Mongolian equivalent of 黄鹂 huánglí in Chinese-Mongolian dictionaries. In Inner Mongolia the orioles are still ornithologically identified as Гургуулдай gurguuldai. But it is by no means certain that Гургалдай gurgaldai (which is an onomatopoeic term) always referred specifically to orioles. It is equally possible that it 3 4 mvf «ᴛᴜʀ sülüncük ᴇɴɢ pheasantlet ʀᴜs фазанчик» , алтан гургалдай khk mvf «ᴛᴜʀ altın sülüncük ᴇɴɢ golden pheasantlet ʀᴜs золотистый фазанчик» , алтан гургуулдай mvf «ᴛᴜʀ altın sülüncük ᴇɴɢ golden pheasantlet ʀᴜs золотистый фазанчик» , зэржгин khk «10» , заржхин mvf «11» , заржхин бялзуухай mvf «11» , алтан заржхин mvf «11» , шавцас khk «12» , шавцас бялзуухай khk «» , шанхан khk «13» , шанхан бялзуухай khk «» , шаранга khk «14» 10.1. ᴛᴜʀ sarıasma yavrusu ᴇɴɢ young oriole ʀᴜs птенец иволги – алтан цуравдай khk «ᴛᴜʀ altın palazcık ᴇɴɢ golden chicklet ʀᴜs золотистый птенчик»15 10.2. ᴛᴜʀ sesi ᴍᴏɴ алтан гургалдайн дуугарах дуу – голин галин khk «16» 11. Oriolus chinensis (ᴛᴜʀ siyah enseli sarıasma ᴇɴɢ black-naped oriole ʀᴜs китайская иволга) – дорнын шаргач khk «ᴛᴜʀ doğunun sarıasması ᴇɴɢ oriole of east ʀᴜs иволга востока» 17 , шаргуй бялзуухай khk «18» , манхар алтан гургуулдай mvf «19» 12. Oriolus oriolus (ᴛᴜʀ sarıasma ᴇɴɢ oriole ʀᴜs иволга) – эгэл шаргач khk «ᴛᴜʀ bayağı sarıasma ᴇɴɢ common oriole ʀᴜs обыкновенный иволга»20 , шаргач бялзуухай khk «21» , шарагч бялзуухай khk «» , алтан гургалдай khk mvf «ᴛᴜʀ altın palazcık ᴇɴɢ golden chicklet ʀᴜs золотистый птенчик»22 13. Vireonidae (ᴛᴜʀ vireogiller ᴇɴɢ vireos ʀᴜs виреоновые) – хурагчийнхан «23» 14. üyesi (ᴛᴜʀ vireo ᴇɴɢ vireo ʀᴜs виреон) – хурагч mvf «» 15. Campephagidae (ᴛᴜʀ tırtılyiyengiller ᴇɴɢ cuckoo-shrikes ʀᴜs личинкоедовые) – ярмааныхан «24» 16. Pericrocotus (ᴛᴜʀ uzunkuyruk tırtılyiyen ᴇɴɢ minivet ʀᴜs длиннохвостый личинкоед) – ярмаа mvf «» 17. Pericrocotus divaricatus (ᴛᴜʀ külrengi tırtılyiyen ᴇɴɢ ashy minivet ʀᴜs серый личинкоед, пепельный длиннохвостый личинкоед ) – хөх ярмаа mvf «ᴛᴜʀ gök uzunkuyruk tırtılyiyen ᴇɴɢ blue minivet ʀᴜs синий длиннохвостый личинкоед»25 18. Coracina (ᴛᴜʀ saksağansı tırtılyiyen ᴇɴɢ cuckoo-shrike ʀᴜs сорокопутовый личинкоед) – хөгчиг mvf «» began as a general name for passerines noted for their beautiful song and was then applied to different birds in different places. While the tradition in areas closer to China is to equate Гургалдай gurgaldai to the oriole, in Mongolia, it is currently used for the nightingale or nightingale-thrush (genus Luscinia of the Muscicapidae). Many dictionaries adopt this (sometimes with contradictory results), including monolingual dictionaries in Mongolia. (Interestingly, several Japanese dictionaries translate Гургалдай gurgaldai as uguisu (Japanese Bush Warbler), the quintessential Japanese songbird.) Note that Inner Mongolian dictionaries also give Гургуулдай gurguuldai as a name for the Koklass pheasant -- not found in Mongolia -- probably related to the similarity of the name to that of the pheasants, which is Гургуул gurguul. МХЗБДЖТ: гургалдай I.15.1 ●○○ (амь.) *ж.н+ жижиг биетэй, уянгатай сайхан жиргэдэг шувуу, алтан ~ МХИТТ: гургалдай ᠭᠤ ᠷᠭᠤ ᠤ ᠯᠳᠠ ᠶ I (амьтан) Усны ойролцоо буюу чийглэг газрын навчит ой, бут харганаар үүрлэн амьдардаг нүүдлийн шувуу, бие бага, байдал тагтааны
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