Semi-annual Partner Management Report

Contact person: Opwonya Tom Partner Address: Plot 11, ASDI Building, Republic Street, Akere Division, Apac Municipality Telephone: Mobile 0772647107, Office: 0790915362 Email: [email protected] / [email protected] Website: www.taacc.org.ug

©The Apac Anti-Corruption Coalition December 2016

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page ii 1. Basic Project Information

Profile Name of project Strengthening citizens’ capacity to monitor, report and engage duty bearers for improved service delivery. Project goal Project Goal: Informed and empowered citizens engaging and holding duty bearers accountable for effective service delivery by 2017. Project Objectives Objective 1. Empower citizens to monitor & report misuse of public resources & poor service delivery in target 3 districts. Objective 2: Strengthen the capacity of duty bearers to constructively engage and provide effective service delivery to the citizens. Objective 3. Strengthen the institutional capacity of TAACC to deliver services effectively to the target beneficiaries. Location of the project Northern Uganda Geographical coverage Apac, Kole and Oyam districts Contract start date 1st July 2016 Contract end date 31st December 2017 Total project lifetime Budget Ugx. 736,327,763/= Planned budget for the reporting period Ugx. 89,908,884/= Actual expenditure for the reporting period Ugx. 121,483,832/= Contact person Opwonya Tom

2. Executive Summary The 18 months project goal is an informed and empowered citizens engaging and holding duty bearers accountable for effective service delivery by 2017. The emphasis of the project is to scale up community capacity building, facilitate and mentor community structures and the target community in the 3 target districts to monitor, report and engage duty bearers to reduce inefficiency, fight corruption and ensure equitable quality service delivery contributing to sustainable development. The project started on the 1st July 2016 & is expected to end on the 31st December 2017.

Within the 6 months; 17,069 people (8,203 female & 8,866 male) were reached. 7,000 of the people are youth reached directly through civic education programmes. TAACC used the forum theatre plays, radio talk shows & and conducted face to face civic education sessions. The civic education programmes helped TAACC to empower the citizens to put pressure on the contractor working on Apac – Aduku – Lira road that was done in a shoddy way to begin afresh. The empowerment also caused Apac district executive committee of the council to commit to allocate the local revenue to settle the outstanding electricity bill of Apac general hospital that had risen to Ugx. 219 million that had caused UMEME to disconnect power from the hospital leading to poor health service delivery at the hospital. The face to face civic education session also inspired a villager from Akali Parish in Abongomola Sub County, Apac district to on his own demand and became a member of TAACC.

The trained IBMS & empowered citizens reported 130 cases of corruption & poor service delivery to TAACC. At least 43 cases were followed and 6 cases were successfully concluded. TAACC referred 41 cases i.e. 11 referred to the Parliamentary Local Government Accounts Committee (LGPAC), 10 to the Inspectorate of Government (IGG) and Police, 21 cases to the local government leaders. However, 40 cases reported to TAACC are pending verification. TAACC caused the recoveries of Ugx 3,574,900/= mismanaged. From the intervention of TAACC, evidence of increased responsiveness by the leaders with examples being the audit of the books of Accounts of Barromo Primary School and Atop Primary School in Aleka and Loro sub counties respectively in Oyam district and the arrest of 8 members of the School Management Committee (SMC) of Barromo P.7 School for mismanaging the UPE funds totaling Ugx 8,000,000/= following TAACC’s intervention using the Community Score Card (CSC). Following TAACC actions, 4 case files have been opened. E.g. case file against the DCDO of Kole district, i.e. GEF/04/2016 for mismanaging the Youth Livelihood Programme (YLP) fund. Case file number GEF 05/2016 was opened against the Malaria Focal person one Andrew Ayo for mismanaging Ugx 17,568,000/= meant for training the Village Health Teams (VHT) of Kole district. TAACC is happy that the case file for the YLP got sanctioned by the Directorate of Public Prosecution (DPP). However, the same case file was taken over by IGG – Lira office. Otherwise, the DCDO was interdicted from office following TAACC’s action much as the legal aspect is not yet fully concluded.

TAACC has continued to face resistance, negativity from the corrupt, laxity and lack of cooperation by some leaders. Some leaders delay to take actions on the issues unearth by TAACC. There is also slow pace by the Public Anti-Corruption Institutions in investigating & prosecuting cases. TAACC witnessed the role conflict among the public anti-corruption agencies (CIID & IG). Lastly, there is still denial, hiding and distortion of information not only to the IBMs but to TAACC as well.

TAACC will continue to get credible evidences, remain passionate, insist and continue engaging all the stakeholders to ensure that it achieves its objectives. TAACC will strengthen partnership, build synergy with power center, media houses and use legal means where possible so that it remains focused. Also, the Civic Education programmes will be tailored to the issues of effectiveness in service delivery as well as empowerment of the affected community so that the people get to understand and appreciate work to ensure transparency and accountability. TAACC has always and will continue to use innovative approaches and adopt the kind of social accountability tools based on situations till all the people get to appreciate its work. By remaining innovative, hopefully one time TAACC will overcome some of the challenges. Rallying the citizens will enable TAACC to be acceptable.

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 2 3. Operating Environment and its impact on the project The operating environment for accountability work is never palatable always. There is denial of information, direct antagonism by culprits, arrogance and others have gone to the extent of putting Court injunctions that TAACC should not implement public engagements at the service delivery points and areas that they feel will unearth destructive things on them. To date, TAACC is fighting a Court case instituted against the coalition by the former LC III Chairman of Kamdini Sub County. The same Chairman does not want TAACC to hold the activity that he sought court injunction over! This is challenging because TAACC does not have a legal wing and relies on pro bono legal services of lawyers who are its members. The Independent Budget Monitors (IBMs) are sometimes denied information, harassed, undermined etc. Examples are the IBMs of Ayer & Alito Sub Counties of Kole district who have reported denial of inputs under the Operations Wealth Creation (OWC) because of their watchdog actions. Even other whistle blowers, TAACC activists are rarely included to benefit from such community projects with the fear that they will cause problem as most of the government projects like YLP, NUSAF 11, even SAGE are most of the time marred with corruption by those who manage such projects. TAACC staff are sometimes isolated, threatened, intimidated and unnecessarily feared even when they just want to socialise with others in their private time. Currently, the IBMs & LC.1 Chairperson of Adak “A” Cell in Kamdini Sub County in Oyam district who reported the case of the former Chairman Hon. Arac Tom and former LC. III Chairman face threats just because they reported the alleged mismanagement of the Adak A road fund. Even the OC- CIID of Kole district who is supportive to TAACC is unhappy that after completing the investigation of the YLP fund on Ojan Tommy and others, the IGG got so much interested over the case and withdrew the case from him. Police Detectives have openly explained to TAACC the challenge that they get especially since they sometimes need audit reports in order to proceed, yet the very person accused sometimes are the one to ensure that the needed audit reports are produced. “….I was denied information on the VHT training and I am just getting some today that TAACC has come to Kole district…’ lamented the O-C CIID of Kole Central Police station (CPS). The same was echoed by the Hon. LCV Councillor Michael Edule who represents Bala Sub County.

Other officers tactfully refer the IBMs, TAACC and whistle blowers to the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), District Education Officer (DEO) or Sub County Chiefs to get information that they can give with the knowledge that such officers are not always available. On the part of the community members, there is still fear and apathy. Some prefer to suffer silently, remain resigned and or fail to openly report and or, testify. Yet to conclude any case, witnesses are needed to provide evidences. Typical example is the fact that only 4 VHTs from Kole district turn out to make statements at Kole CPS over the mismanagement of the VHT training funds, yet all of them totalling to 976 VHTs had their payment mismanaged. Lastly, some citizens want to be facilitated to attend face to face civic education sessions. Some refuse to sign the attendance lists, complaining that the IBMs will use the list for their accountability for the funds “…..that they have received….”. There is also immediate demand for results and outcome from the advocacy work by the affected citizens.

Adopting the CSC approaches which non-confrontational, participatory and involves negotiations and other innovations have helped TAACC to succeed. Indeed, Oyam District Inspector of Schools remarked “….I used to have a very negative attitude towards TAACC…..but today after looking at what the CSC is all about, I feel challenged…..” This was after TAACC had presented the CSC report in Oyam district dialogue to the stakeholders. The challenges are also mitigated by the public love and trust on TAACC. The Amolatar RDC, also the Dean of RDC, for Lango Sub Region Mr. Ogwang Odyero remarked “…look at the crowd that TAACC has pulled today….this shows the love and trust of the community to TAACC. I am amazed…” This was when he was Chief Guest during the launch of the Anti Corruption Week (ACEW) in the Mayors garden, Apac Municipal. The Presidential political pronouncement dubbed “Kisanja Hakkuna Mchezo” translated as “a term of no joke” has also supported TAACC. TAACC has signed MoUs with all the districts of its operation & maintained partnership with media.

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 3 Progress towards partnership results:

DGF expected results that Partnership Achievement since Cumulative Description of results TAACC contribute to indicators last reporting (Oct results (July observed (as a result of (applicable to – Dec 2016) – December post implementation TAACC) 2016) monitoring) 1.1 Improved capacity of 1.1.1 Number of 83 Face to face 17,069 people Increased awareness, citizens, political leaders and citizens who have sessions conducted, (8,203 female engagements & selected institutions to received civic reaching 9,255 & 8,866 male) demand for understand and play their education people (5,015 female reached. transparency and respective roles and & 4,240 male). 7,000 are accountability that has youth reached resulted to the issues responsibilities in the 3 radio talk shows with the civic reported. democratic process. held with 34 callers education Empowerment on (5 female & 29 male) programmes. rights, duties & making constructive responsibilities contributions. enhanced that led to the pressure created by 1 forum theatre play the citizens reported. & 01 music gala E.g. the contractor of organised reaching Apac – Aduku – Lira 2,000 people (1,010 road, Apac Hospital female & 1,515 male) authorities, on the 219 million outstanding 800 people were electricity bill, Mr. estimated to be Olam Lakana of youth as there was Aderolongo farmers’ “ ..a sea of group , Akali Parish in participants…”. Abongomola Sub County in Apac district joining the activist of TAACC & paying membership of 10,000/= instantly. 3.1 Enhanced citizen 3.1.1 Number of 66 cases of misuse of The IBMS & Recovery of Ugx. competence and confidence cases of misuse of public resources and empowered 3,574,900/= during the to demand better service public resources poor service delivery citizens period delivery from local and reported to and referred. reported 130 national government referred by DGF cases. Out of 130 cases of partners to the 41 cases referred to corruption & poor relevant authorities. public accountability (109 cases service delivery, 43 institutions and reported by cases followed & 6 relevant local the IBMs & 21 concluded, 41 referred, authorities. cases directly & 40 pending reported to verification. TAACC office). To TAACC, this is 43 cases commendable work followed, with DGF support to 6 cases enhance effective concluded, service delivery to the 41 cases target community. referred & 40 pending verification.

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 4 Key partnership results. 4. Illustration of progress: Conduct in 3 phases, 3 days’ residential training for 216 IBMs in Public Expenditure Tracking (PET) and service delivery monitoring. The training had in attendance 243 participants i.e. 153 men & 90 women. The media, member organizations do service delivery monitoring and they as well report and engage duty bearers. Besides, the media houses do inform and educate the public and therefore they needed to attend the training. In addition, the staff needed as well to be well equipped with social accountability skills. Key topics covered include among others; Experience sharing on how to do PETS & Service Delivery Monitoring, challenges and areas of improvement, Effective service Delivery Monitoring. National Minimum Standards for: Education & Health Sectors, Monitoring works and constructions, Existing Laws & regulations on service delivery monitoring & anti-corruption. Recent reforms in financial management in Local Governments. Civic Education; the Constitution & Service Delivery, roles & responsibilities of Local Council III, LCV & MPs and how citizens can hold their leaders accountable. The IBMs became more vigilant and have started monitoring critically. Refer to the case involving powerful people like Hon Odongo Asante (Vice Chairman Apac DLC) who crashed Apac district vehicle after taking away from the driver, the immediate engagement by the female IBMs after getting the skills for testing site materials & the same IBMs who refused a bribe offered by the contractor of Olelpek OPD in Apac Sub County after the refresher training. The IBMs level of engagement and commitment has increased as seen from the bold actions. The level of success realized in 6 months demonstrates improve capacity, commitment and inspiration from the training.

The Civic Education Programmes: 83 face to face civic education sessions were held, 2 forum theatre plays, 4 radio talk shows and up to 2160 radio spot messages were aired. A total of 17,069 people (8,203 female & 8,866 male) were reached by the civic education. 7,000 of the people reached are youth. The empowered target community put more pressure on the service providers like the contractor for Apac – Aduku – Lira road which was done very poorly when compared to Apac – Ibuje- Akokoro to Masindi port section of the road. Even the business community, especially the taxi operators who have been notorious to bribe traffic Police got empowered and wrote a petition to Apac district RDC. The civic education enabled the participants during the ACW launch to engage the guest of honour on the said road and the mismanagement that led to the disconnection of electricity from Apac district general hospital. To date, 03 graders have been deployed on Lira - Apac road to correct the shoddy work. Apac district Executive committee members were engaged up to when the District Chairman had to commit to allocate the local revenue to settle the outstanding electricity bill of Apac hospital. The level of engagements when the locals call the FM radio stations is an indicator of the empowerment that the civic education created. TAACC got many people registering to become its activists voluntarily with the example of Lakana Olam of Abongomola. This followed a civic education session held in his village. To TAACC such realization of the role of the citizen to fight corruption is a good impact of the civic education on the citizens who have been silent. The civic education session has enabled citizens to become aware of their rights and obligations as citizens.

Facilitate Monitoring of Public Expenditure and Service Delivery in all the 28 Sub Counties of Apac, Kole & Oyam districts. The IBMS & target community members reported a total of 130 cases of corruption and poor service delivery, 109 cases were reported by the IBMs while 21 cases were directly reported to TAACC office. Out of the 130 cases, TAACC followed 43 cases and was able to conclude 6 of them. Up to 41 cases were referred to other stakeholders with 11 cases referred to LGPAC, 10 to IGG & Police CIID, 1 case file case sanctioned by the DPP. A total of 21 cases were referred to the 3 target local governments. Otherwise, 40 cases are still pending effective verification. Also the monitoring and eventual engagements with the evidences generated enabled TAACC to cause the recovery of Ugx 3,574,900/= found mismanaged during the period.

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 5 Conduct 2 Community Score Cards (CSC) in social service delivery points: 2 Community scoring, service providers’ self-evaluation and interface meetings were conducted in Barromo and Atop Primary schools in Aleka and Loro sub counties in Oyam district respectively. 1 District dialogue meeting and 2 follow ups meetings were held during the quarter by TAACC. The key issues that were addressed by the CSC in the 2 schools included; the alleged mismanagement of UPE funds worth Ugx 8 million & Ugx 2.5 million in Barromo P/S and Atop P/S respectively. The theft of 10,000 liters crests tank by the Head teacher, lack of accountability of funds, the weak leadership at Atop P/S. Others are the inadequate school infrastructure and furniture, the persistent poor academic performance, unethical conducts of the teachers, etc. Constructive action plans were developed and woman Councilor V for Loro Sub County was prompted to order the closure of the Head teachers office of Atop P.7 School, following the CSC engagement at the school. The SMC members of the 2 schools all had to receive appointment letters and handover was done with the bank signatories changed. The new SMC for Atop P.7 School immediately wrote to Oyam DEO and the CAO to demand immediate audit of the school books of accounts. The actions caused audit to be conducted by the Oyam district internal auditor. For Barromo P.7 School, the CSC caused audit of the books of accounts by the Accounts Assistant of Aleka Sub-County which led to the arrest of 8 members of the SMC when the audit revealed that UPE funds worth Ugx 8,000,000/= was mismanaged. As this report is being compiled, the action triggered by the CSC had caused recovery of Ugx 640.000/= from the arrested SMC members. Aguma Robert, the former SMC Chairman of Baromo P.7 School is on the run. The audit revealed that he had fraudulently received 1,300,000/= from the Head teacher Ayoo C.P. When the matter was presented at the district level dialogue, the district authorities resolved to have 2 Head teachers & 67 teachers to face the disciplinary committee.

Hold Quarterly District Integrity Promotional Forum (DIPF) meetings in selected places in Apac, Kole and Oyam districts. 03 DIPF were held by TAACC. The 1st was on 25th August 2016 in Kole district to discuss the alleged theft of 15,606,000/= for Youth Livelihood Programme (YLP) fund. The DIPF made the leaders to know the widespread mismanagement of the Youth fund in Kole district. The 2nd DIPF was held on 9th November at Ayer Health Center II also in Kole district. The matter discussed is the theft of 17,568,000/= for the VHT by Kole district Malaria Focal person. The 3rd DIPF meeting was held on the 20th December 2016 at Oyam Town Council to discuss alleged mismanagement of 175,000,000/= for low cost sealing of a 1 km road, abandoned 2 stance pit latrine project that has costed over 7m, air supply & alleged inflation of bill of quantities for public works by Oyam Town Council Town Clerk and Town Engineer. The proceedings and resolutions of the DIPF meetings was recorded and aired twice on Radio Divine 90.6FM for 1 hour on 29th August 2016 and 12th November 2016. The callers who followed the DIPF relay were emotional. The 1st relay had 11 callers (10 male & 1 female) who engaged the leaders. The intervention broadened participation, attracted more attention, stimulated discussions and contributed to wakening up of the other affected community members by the kind of corruption that they heard from the proceedings. The 2nd relay had 19 callers (01 female & 18 male). The callers appreciated TAACC, calling the organization “a savior of the people” . One caller said, “… TAACC has made me know the tricks of the government officers.” Most callers condemned, named and shamed the corrupt and others revealed the same challenge that they have experience in the management of the different projects meant to improve people’s lives. Case file no. GEF/04/2016 was opened against then DCDO, Ojan Egit Tommy who has been interdicted, case file no. GEF 05/2016 against Ayo Andrew over the VHT Ugx 17,568,000/= mismanaged. TAACC is happy to report that the YLP has been sanctioned by the DPP much as the case has been taken over from the DPP by the IGG – Lira office. Otherwise, the cases are still under investigation.

Networking, linkages & reporting on accountability issues, web site design & hosting: 7 TAACC staff attended 29 networking & linkages during the period. TAACC had 1,188 people who visited it website during the period. TAACC got a call from South Africa with a demand to have its work documented in the Prestigious Pan African newsletter following its work posted on the website and viewed. It was nice that 256 visitors either downloaded TAACCs work or commented very positively about TAACC.

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 6 Case Stories: TAACC caused the arrest of corrupt SMC members: Baromo P.7 School in Aleka Sub County in Oyam district was reported by the IBMs as “…dead, just waiting to be buried….” The IBMs had said Oyam district education department and Aleka Sub County leaders have failed to act. Baromo P.7 School is a GoU aided School in Ajul Parish. Head teacher Ayoo CP and former Chairperson SMC were doing things the way they like. The gross mismanagement of the systems discovered by the CSC social accountability tool by TAACC at the School were too many to state all in this report. But the nasty one is the fact that the former Chairman SMC and the head teacher decided to open a separate joint account in their names, withdrawn UPE and other School funds and deposited in their private account! The two leaders were managing the said account secretly as personal accounts. Notable is the Ugx. 08 million UPE fund withdrawn from the School account and deposited in the private account. Other accountability challenges discovered by the CSC process organized by TAACC at the School were: The stalled construction of the teachers’ accommodation meant to house 4 teachers, yet most teachers commute from outside the School because of lack of accommodation which affected education badly. Even the contractor of the said staff house was not known leave alone the source of funding for the project by the leaders. The staff house had technical problems on the floor, walls etc. The CSC administered by TAACC at Baromo P.7 School during the period found even the sanitation system at the School was deplorable that was affecting education of the children badly. Even revenue was being collected illegally by one of the teachers through hiring out of School furniture for public functions and the proceeds were being pocketed by the teacher concerned. Most of the teachers were coming late, not teaching and the syllabus not completed leading to the School not to get any pupil in 1st grade for more than 08 years, yet nobody was bothered to address the challenges. Learning at Baromo School had degenerated and the School was actually dead as reported, waiting for burial.

TAACC intervened with the CSC social accountability tool on 30th & 31th October 2016 to address the many challenges. Given the too many challenges, TAACC ensured very good mobilization of all the stakeholders. Effective documentation of the accountability issues raised during the process from Baromo P.7 School were documented through the CSC process. TAACC provided opportunity for engagement by strategic stakeholders with the documented facts. TAACC even took the issues documented to the ACCU organized education thematic meeting in Kampala and the issues dominated the discussion. The CSC intervention on Baromo P.7 School and the subsequent engagement organized by TAACC triggered multiple actions that brought positive changes. Key amongst the actions triggered is the fact that the School books of accounts was ordered to be audited. The audit report found many accountability challenges as was expected. The L.C. III Chairperson of Aleka Sub-County literally felt ashamed that the rot could happen in a School in his Sub County. The engagements that followed led to the arrest of all the SMC members of Baromo P.7 School. Ugx. 640,000/= was recovered. The former SMC Chairperson Robert Aguma had to flee because of the fire generated by the CSC organized by TAACC during the period. Otherwise, the audit report recommended recovery of Ugx 1.300.000/= Mr. Agum that he fraudulently got from the head teacher Ayoo CP amongst others. To date, things have improved and education service delivery to the pupils is going on well. Thanks for TAACC’s intervention during the period with DGF support. Baromo P.7 School would have continued to suffer as nobody seemed bothered.

TAACC exposes Village Health Teams (VHTs) payment scandal in Kole district! The Kole District Malaria Focal Point Person one Ayo Andrew was discovered by the IBMs and VHTs of the district to have swindled money for 976 VHT training allowance worth Ugx. 17, 568,000/= during the period. The said money was from the Global Fund project given to the district for building the capacity of the local health volunteers to effectively address malaria epidemic. Kole district broke away from Apac district that leads in the whole world with Malaria cases. The Kole VHTs were to be trained for two days before deployment. The approved budget that TAACC got through the IBMs was broken down as Ugx. 3,000/= for breakfast and Ugx. 7,000/= for lunch totaling Ugx. 10,000/= per day

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 7 as facilitation for each VHT, hence the total facilitation per VHT for the planned and approved two days training would be Ugx. 20.000/= times the 976 VHTs. However, the Malaria focal officer, one Ayo Andrew decided to reduce the training to just one day. He further decided to give each VHT a packet of biscuit and a bottle of soda that costs Ugx. 2,000/= for lunch, leaving him with a difference of Ugx. 8,000/= per VHT, hence a difference of Ugx. 17,648,000/= from the approved budget. Ayer, Aboke, Bala, Alito and Akalo Sub County VHTs were supposed to be trained. This was in March 2016. The same Malaria Focal Point Person Andrew Ayoo refused to pay 115 VHTs from Ayer Sub-County their allowances the orientation for Mass Fever Treatment of Malaria epidemic that was funded by USAID ASSIST Project. This was the 1st Phase of the activity that took place in August & September 2015. He swindled Ugx. 9,200,000/= from the deal. The VHTs approached TAACC’s empowered IBMs who engaged the DHO of Kole district for clarification. They pressed for special audit of the matter. With the pressure mounted, the CAO of Kole wrote to Andrew Ayo demanding clarification on 20th April 2016. The empowered IBMs pushed the matter to the RDC where the CAO wrote to the RDC confirming that Ayo violated the guidelines. In all Ugx. 17,568,000/= for the VHTs from Bala, Ayer, Akalo, Alito & Aboke Sub Counties were corrupted.

With no leaders boldly coming out to address the matter, TAACC organized a District Integrity Promotion Forum (DIPF) on the 9th November 2016. The key leaders of Kole district attended. Ayo Andrew testified that “….it is how our bosses instruct us when money is released for any activity…it is normal….they call it taxing or tagging …”He informed the DIPF that the DHO of Kole district benefited from the money. When pressed how much he received and whether the money is signed for, Ayoo answered “….the money is distributed in a hurry, nobody signs for it…” The response annoyed Kole district RDC M/s Agnes Akello Ebong who ordered Police to detain him for more statement. The syndicate was blown by the media houses invited by TAACC such as Rupiny, Urban TV daily monitor etc. (ref. to the TV news of Monday 14th Nov. 2016 at 09:00 pm and the Daily Monitor edition of Saturday Nov. 12th 2016, page 7 with the headline “970 VHTs protest over training allowance”.

Above left: The Executive Director of TAACC during the engagement. Above right: The Daily Monitor newspaper cut of Saturday 12th 2016 reporting the fraud and below: Ayo Andrew arrested and escorted to go and record his statement. ______

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 8 A case file GEF 05/2016 was opened on the matter. TAACC will follow how it will be managed so that the VHTs voice is heard and satisfactorily addressed. Thanks to the support from DGF to TAACC to make this happen.

TAACC unearthed the abuse of the Operation Wealth Creation (OWC) seedlings, led to arrest in Akokoro Sub- County in Apac District. The Programme Officer of TAACC was tipped during the mentoring support to the IBMs in the field over the matter. After finding the abuse of the OWC materials, TAACC organized a dialogue on the 21st September 2016. The Sub- County had received 12,000 mangoes and orange seedlings which were just abandoned in the Sub County Hall. TAACC documented and exposed the matter on social media, Facebook, Whatsapps and the Local FM radio stations. The abuse reached the attention of the responsible leaders like the RDC Apac and the in charge of Operation wealth Creation of Apac district and even NAADs Secretariat who visited the scene and were irritated. They arrested three (3) Sub- County officials of Akokoro for negligence (the Senior Assistant Secretary - SAS, the Gombolola Internal Security Officer – GISO and Secretary for Finance and Administration). Case file number SD/47/20/09/16 is with the RSA Apac for perusal.

Above left: Part of the OWC seedlings found destroyed, and right: The Sub- County leaders arrested on the Apac district RDC’s vehicle.

TAACC empowered IBMs saved school solar at Okure P.7 ! The head teacher of Okure P.7 School, Ngai Sub-County in Oyam district one Owiny Alex who hails from Bobi in Gulu district fraudulently took away the School solar and all its accessories from the School to his home in the Village. The solar system is valued at Ugx. 1 million. The incident happened in 2014. Since then, Oyam district leaders, Ngai Sub County management as well as the SMCs and PTA leaders of the School did nothing despite the knowledge of the missing solar and the public outcry. The School was left with no lighting system and the children suffered as a result of the fraudulent action and non-action of the leaders.

The parents of Okure P.7 approached the empowered IBMs of TAACC from the Sub County for help. The IBMs mobilized the parents and mounted pressure on the Head teacher. They cause a meeting for the stakeholders and the IBMs offered support to the SMCs and PTA members, whom they reminded of their responsibility to safe guard the School property. They gave ultimatum to the Head teacher, threatening to close his office if he does not return the School solar and its accessories. With no choice and the much pressure mounted, the head teacher returned the solar and all its accessories on 5th October 2016. To date, the pupils have the solar and it is serving Okure P.7 School. Thanks to the empowerment caused by TAACC to the community structures which made it possible.

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 9 TAACC empowered IBMs caused recovery of Ugx.1, 250,000/=: The Treasurer of Aloni Youth Produce Buyer group in Iceme Sub-County in Oyam district one Odongo Elel got Ugx. 1.4 million shillings from the Ugx. 6,800,000/= that the group received under the District Livelihood Support Programme in the FY 2016 / 2017. Odongo mismanaged the group money for personal gain. The group members tried most of the leaders but failed to get support to recover the fund. They approached the empowered TAACC IBMs of Iceme Sub County for support. The IBMs helped the group members and they approached the Sub-County Chief, then the Chairperson L.C. III. The matter was taken up with serious engagement on the 7th Nov. 2016.

Sensing that it will land their son to problems, Odongo’s family members, accepted to pay the group members the amount that their son who is the groups Treasurer had mismanaged. To date, they have refunded Ugx. 1.250.000/= and left with the balance of only Ugx. 150,000/=. They promised to pay the group by 15th January 2017. Thanks to the empowerment of the IBMs by TAACC.

Head teacher interdicted for mismanaging the School, courtesy of TAACC’s intervention: Ogwal Francis, the Head teacher of Atop Primary School in Alukot Parish, Loro Sub County in Oyam district was discovered by the CSC process organized at the School during the quarter to have mismanaged Atop P.7 School grossly. Following the IBMs investigation and the subsequent CSC intervention by TAACC at the School, Ogwal was found to have failed to account for the UPE funds for 2nd term 2016 up to the tune of Ugx 2.5/= and another School fund totaling Ugx. 630,000/= for PTA of the parents’ 10,000 contributions each, and Ugx. 192,000/= for Development funds of the School. Yet Atop Primary School has dilapidated pit latrines that has affected education of the pupils greatly. The head teacher was found to have mismanaged the School properties like selling the crest tank of 10,000 Litres, selling the Solar system meant for the staff house under NUSAF II project, hiring the School text books out to St. Peters Odike P.7 School, causing the disappearance of up to 10 hoes donated by the district to Atop P.7 School, causing the loss of the iron sheets and bricks for the class room block construction and doing many bad things leading to problems in the education service delivery at the School. Oyam district leaders and even Loro Sub County leaders had failed to address the mismanagement.

Refer to evidences of the actions following TAACC’s engagements.

TAACC organized CSC intervention on the 25th & 26th Oct. 2016. The stakeholders engaged over the gross mismanagement and came up with action plans. TAACC documented the participants concerns raised during the CSC process and presented at a district level dialogue on the 24th Nov 2016 at Jereen Conference Centre, Oyam Town Council. The issues were blown by the media houses invited (ref. the Daily Monitor Newspaper of 30th Nov. 2016). Following the intervention by TAACC, the SMC wrote to the DEO of Oyam district, citing the many issues raised by the CSC process organized by TAACC. The DEO wrote to the CAO to cause intervention on Atop P.7 School. Three district auditors were sent to

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 10 audit the books of Accounts of the School on the 12th Dec. 2016. After the audit report was out, head teacher Ogwal Francis got interdicted. He was ordered to hand over office to his deputy one Olal Julius. Even the new School SMC that had not been given appointment letters because the head teacher preferred to work with the old corrupt SMCs, yet the new ones were already elected one year ago, got their appointment. Head teacher Ogwal Francis is currently serving the interdiction. Thanks to TAACC for intervening.

The 2016 Anti-Corruption Week (ACW) activities: Perhaps the most interesting engagement, civic education and demand for accountability that TAACC had was during the ACW activities launch. It was on the 8th Dec. 2016 at Apac Municipal mayors Garden. The crowd was difficult to count. But just the important persons that can be mentioned are the Chief guest Canon Richard Ogwang Odyero, the dean of Lango Sub Region RDCs, the religious leaders for the Catholic church, Church of Uganda, the Muslim community, political leaders, business community, the media and an estimated 2,000 community members. TAACC Board members and the other strategic Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) members were in attendance. DGF Programme Officer Lucy Anena Latim graced the occasion and witnessed how TAACC does its advocacy on the day.

Otherwise, the theme for the ACW 2016 was “Reject and Report Corruption, your responsibility.” TAACC had series of events ranging from inspirational speeches, civic education through poetry, drama and songs with local and traditional artist. All the actions had messages to the public related to the theme. Others shunned those who fail to take corrective actions, others called for actions, while other performers gave empowerment messages to the crowd. Anti-Corruption Week is a week of intense actions against corruption and TAACC had radio talk shows, spot messages, newspaper pull out etc., all giving useful information to the public to reject and report corruption as their cardinal responsibility. The religious leaders prayed for TAACC and inspired the staff and the board to continue with the struggle. There was call for the leaders to take action on the shoddy work done on the road from Lira via Aduku to Apac Municipal. The ACW participants called on the leaders of Apac district to ensure that they pay the Ugx. 219 million electricity bill of Apac district general hospital that has accumulated and led to UMEME to cut electricity supply to Apac hospital which has led to very big challenges in the health service delivery from the hospital amongst other problems.

Following the grand activity, many positive changes were realized e.g. The deployment of 3 graders to rework on Lira, Aduku and Apac road and the promise by the leaders of Apac district to use part of the local revenue to offset the outstanding bill of Apac district general hospital amongst others. The guest of honor was amazed. He gave certificates to the Executive Director of TAACC and the Board Chairperson for their exemplary leadership. He invited the religious leaders present to pray and bless TAACC to continue with the good work of fighting corruption and handed certificates of appreciation to all the key strategic partners that have helped TAACC ever since in the fight to ensure transparency and accountability. The RDC of Amolatar district remarked “….by seeing the mammoth crowd that TAACC has gathered today, it should send a message to all that TAACC has the support of the ordinary citizens….on behalf of H.E. the President of the Republic of Uganda, I support TAACC and invite all of you to support these people who have sacrificed their lives…..”..

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Above: The creative actions to inform, educate the public & demand for accountability used by TAACC during the ACW launch on the 8th December 2016 at Apac Mayors garden! 5. Progress towards outputs: Conduct in 3 phases, 3days residential training for 216 IBMs in Public Expenditure Tracking (PET) & service delivery monitoring: 243 people (153 male & 90 female) were trained instead of 216 planned. The excess 27 people included the staff, media & TAACC members. The media houses are the partners of TAACC in monitoring, exposing, reporting, informing and educating the public. Staff & Board needed the skills to enable them perform in the area of ensuring accountability effectively.

Organise Civic Education Programmes: 110 Face to face civic education sessions were conducted by the IBMs in the different parts of the target districts. The programs reached out to 14,490 people (7,304 male & 7,186 female). Otherwise, TAACC could not hold 378 sessions as was planned because the IBM’s trainings took about one month in the 1st quarter. Forum theatre plays, cultural gala, poetry and songs were conducted to educate the public to resist corruption at Bala Sub County headquarters in Kole district and Apac Municipal Mayor’s Garden. 4 Radio Talk shows and 2160 radio spot jingles were aired to inform educate and inspire the public to act on accountability issues. The radio talk shows were held on 24th August, 3rd & 8th November & 7th December 2016 respectively on Radio Divine (90.6) FM. The intervention caused massive public awareness as reported already.

Facilitate Monitoring of Public Expenditure and Service Delivery in all the 28 sub counties of Apac, Kole & Oyam. IBMs monitored and reported 130 cases of corruption & poor service delivery. 109 cases were reported by the IBMs and 21 cases were directly reported to TAACC office. TAACC followed 43 cases & concluded 6. At least 41 cases were referred to other stakeholders while 40 cases are still pending verification by TAACC. Monitoring was done in all the 27 Sub Counties and Town Councils targeted by TAACC in the 3 districts and, 4 Municipal Divisions of Apac Municipality.

Conduct 2 community scorecards (CSC) in social service delivery points; 2 Community Scoring and Service providers’ self-evaluation were conducted in Barromo and Atop Primary Schools in Aleka and Loro Sub Counties respectively, all in Oyam district. The CSCs were followed with 2 interface meetings as per the CSC methodology where action plans were developed that led to positive actions to address accountability deficits. 1 district dialogue was held instead of the planned 2 meetings. This is because the CSC conducted during the period was all in the education sector. Most of the audiences for the dialogue were the same strategic leaders that accountability was being demanded from. TAACC conducted 2 follow up on the agreed action plans reached during the CSC engagements in the two service points. The activity was to check on the level of implementation of the action points that were meant to be implemented by the respective stakeholders.

Hold Quarterly District Integrity Promotional Forum (DIPF) meetings in selected places in Apac, Kole and Oyam districts: 3 DIPF instead of the planned 2 were held. The extra 1 DIPF was from the saving carried forward from 1st quarter. All the proceedings of the DIPF were recorded and aired as planned on Radio divine 90.6 FM for for 1 hour. TAACC also ran 2 pages of the newspaper supplement on the Daily Monitor of Fri, Dec. 2nd 2016 on pages 18 & 19.

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Networking, linkages & reporting on accountability issues, web site design & hosting: 7 staff & Board attended 29 networking and linkages. TAACC had 1,188 people visiting its website during the period. At least 256 visitors either downloaded or made very positive comments. The extra networking costs were met by the partners who organize the events.

Developing TAACC’s Management Information System (MIS): The MIS of TAACC was developed and deployed. The staff were also trained on how to use the system.

Developing a 5 years strategic plan: The 5 years’ strategic plan for TAACC for 2017 – 2021 has been developed. The process was very consultative & inclusive. TAACC is happy with the development. 6. Cross-cutting Issues: During the period, TAACC implemented and supported some cross cutting development issues like: Working with gender focused organization like Campaign against Domestic Violence in the Community (CADOVIC) Apac, Action for Development (ACFODE) and other Women focused NGOs in joint advocacies to address gender issues and referred cases to the partners as reported already. TAACC specifically referred 12 land cases to Land and Equity Movement in Uganda (LEMU), 05 cases to Apac Grade 1 Magistrate Court, 06 cases to political leaders and, 01 case specifically to Apac District Chairperson.

TAACC also petitioned Apac district Magistrates Court and, Apac District Coordination Committee (DCC) over the mismanagement of the defilement case of an 8 year old girl called Apio Patricia by one Jwati Ambrose. The petition led to the RPC for north Kyoga Region to come to Apac and organized a DCC meeting in TAACC office. Many issues that affect especially the vulnerable people in the community were discussed and resolved. The RPC ordered Apac Police to look for and arrest Ambrose Jwati and warned Police against meddling with cases. HE appreciated the level of investigation of TAACC asking “….who trained you in investigation… I see that you are very knowledgeable…”

TAACC also pushed for the inclusion of the construction of a Placenta pit at Otwal Health Centre III in the Work plan for Otwal Sub County in Oyam district in the FY 2017 / 2018. The IBMs had got the concerns that the placenta pit at the facility was filled up and smelly. TAACC facilitated Wiagaba Youth Group in Oyam district and 05 other local artists (03 youths, 01 female & 01 elder) to compose very educative songs to educate the public on issues of accountability. The group even performed during the Anti-corruption week launch on the 08th Dec. 2016 at the Mayor’s Garden – Apac Municipality.

TAACC field staff followed the mismanagement of Ugx 15,606,000/= under YLP by the interdicted Kole District Community Development Officer (DCDO) in Bala Sub County in Kole district on the 25th August 2016. Throughout its field programme, TAACC ensured that the attendance and participation of the disadvantaged like the youth, women and the disabled are promoted and that is the reason why TAACC has constantly presented gender disaggregated data in this report very clearly. The attendance list designed by TAACC demand to know the gender, disability status, age etc. 7. Challenges: Below are some of the challenges faced by TAACC during the period. Most of them are the usual challenges faced by those who stand out to demand accountability: 1) Negativity especially by culprits mostly some political leaders who influence some technical staffs to do “dirty things” 2) Laxity by most state organs / institutions to take action either because of corruption or claim of lack of facilitation,

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 13 3) Interference either by taking over the case files by IGG from Police or individuals who feel that the impact of an intervention by TAACC will affect them negatively by instituting court injunctions and similar actions, delaying or preventing TAACC to carry an activity (ref. Adak – Atapara community access road case), 4) Something that seems to be kind of role conflict among public anti-corruption agencies (CIID, DPP & IG), e.g. the withdrawal of case file GEF 03/2016 from the CIID of Kole district by the IGG Lira Regional office. 5) Denial and or, distortion of information to either the IBMs, TAACC and its strategic partners.

8. Lessons learned . A rather non-confrontational approach like the CSC works well with the state actors. The District Inspector of Schools of Oyam district remarked “…I used to have a very negative attitude towards TAACC……your report is so detailed….” This was during the presentation of the CSC findings in Oyam district, . Coalition building with Accountability Institutions and strategic power centres is very useful to ensure actions and, the media is the best tool to push difficult and risky advocacy issues, . Innovations encourage high participation especially in the civic education activities i.e. use of forum theatre plays, puppets, tailored songs, etc. The citizens are prompted to report and cause actions unsatisfactory service delivery as they reflect on the messages passed through the innovative methods. Example the Te-opok Cell, Ajar Parish in Chawente Sub County, Apac district where the residents later on linked the water shortage and poor community access road and it was pushed to be incorporated in the Parish and Sub County development plans for FY 2017 / 2018. . Targeting local groups like self-help groups make the face to face civic education easily and more acceptable.

9. Way Forward: o TAACC to continue getting credible evidences for engagement to ensure good results, o Synergy with partners that can give legal support to TAACC is needed, o Use of the acceptable social accountability tool like the CSC, without compromising the advocacy by TAACC should be emphasised, o Creativity and innovations to be enhanced as corruption seems to be gradually changing face from overt to covert nature with emphasis on empowerment.

10. Report on Finance: The absorption by TAACC of the budget for the quarter stood at negative 35%. The reason being that some activities carried forward from 1st quarter were implemented in the 2nd quarter. TAACC did not over spend in any budget line beyond the 10% as allowed by DGF. The only dormant budget line that remained during the quarter is the one for the institutional audit, i.e. Ugx. 4,000,000/=. TAACC has run a call for the service and the institutional audit report is planned to feed into the planned AGM of TAACC in the 3rd quarter in 2017.

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 14 Annexes A. Indicator tracking table

Hierarchy Indicators Baseline Target Achieved Variance Way forward Gender disaggregation of results (in case of variance) Female Male Female Male 18-35 18-35 35 35 years years years years and and above above Outcome 1: Number of 218 432 130 (302) TAACC staff Enhanced cases of to supervision citizen misuse of & mentorship competenc public support IBMs e and resources to monitor & confidence reported to & report. to demand referred by better TAACC to the service relevant delivery authorities. from local governmen t Output1.1 Number of 216 216 243 i.e. 27 Need to 35 55 68 85 216 IBMs IBMs trained. 153 male create a trained. & 90 critical mass female against corruption. Output 1.2 Number of No data LCIII Strengthen Civic women & Council the capacity education men ors: of IBMs to conducted confident & 14,256 9,253 (5,003) conduct face 1,788 2,168 2,168 3,129 through able to (F: to face civic face to face communicate 6,700 (3,956F & i.e. education 5,297M) 2,744F & sessions, with & raise & M: sessions at 2,259M radio concerns/issu 7,556) community programs es with LCIII, level. LCV LCV & MPs Council

ors: 1,394

9,072 6,828

(F: (2,244) (3,194F & 3,628 i.e. 434F 1,526 2,108 3,634M) & M: & 1,800 5,444) 1,810M 160 MPs: 988 1,296

(F: 402 (348F & (308) i.e. & M: 640M) 54F & 248 392 894) 254M 188

Output 1.3 Number of 218 167 98 69 Strengthen 216 IBMs service the capacity monitoring delivery of IBMs to the flow of points conduct public monitored by monitoring resources the trained

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 15 and service IBMs. delivery.

15 41 56 145 Outcome 2: Number of No data 7,878 263 (M: 7,615 More Efficiency men & 201 & F: community (4,018 and women 56) members be male & effectivene actively mobilized to 3,860 ss in public demanding participate in female service accountability LG planning & ) delivery, & budgeting increased participating processes participatio in LG n of citizens budgeting in processes. governance

. Output 2.1 Number of No data 600 263 (M: (337) i.e. More citizens 15 41 56 145 12 men & 201 & F: 135M & be mobilized (336 community women 56) 208F to participate men & scorecards expressing in CSC 264 held in 12 satisfaction processes. wome service with service n) points delivery (schools). quality. Output 2.2 Number of 70 27 6 (21) Strengthen Hold cases of poor follow up quarter service system & DIPF delivery, engagement meetings. misuse & with leaders. corruption concluded. Outcome 3: No. of men & 833 (F: 0 833 (F: An Increased women 375 & 375 & M: engagement No data citizens’ proactively M: 458) meeting will engagemen engaging duty 458) be held with t with duty bearers for public bearers for improved accountability improved service agencies in service delivery. 3rd quarter delivery. Output 3.1 Number of No data 500 0 0 One annual youth (men & (240 youth women) men & integrity demanding 260 forum held. accountability female & effective ) services.

Output 3.2 Number of 65 27 0 6 Two cases of poor engagemen service t meetings delivery & held with corruption public concluded. accountabil ity institutions.

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 16 3.3 Number of 20 24 29 5 Network staff networkin linkages facilitated to g & and attend linkages reporting networking on meetings and accountabil best practices 1,188 ity. shared people who visited it website Output 3.4 Number of 2 2 0 Two (2) synergy regional meetings held synergy at regional workshops levels. held.

B. Status of Activity implementation

Planned activity Status of implementation Comment Output 1.2 1.2: Organise Civic Education 1 forum theatre play & 1 forum theatre play and Organise Civic Education Programmes: music gala conducted. music gala was held as Programme through face to Reached over 2,000 people planned. Face sessions, Forum theatre 1.2.1: (1,010 female & 1,515 plays, local songs, Radio Talk Organize Forum Theatre plays shows and spot jingles to quarterly in different selected places in male). 800 people reached inform educate and Oyam, Kole & Apac. estimated to be youth. entertain. 1.2.2: 83 Face to face sessions Conduct face to face civic education conducted reaching 9,255 sessions people (5,015 female & 4,240 male). Key issues covered were the roles of elected leaders, rights & obligations of citizens, Articles: 17, 30, 38, 1 & 41 covered. The intervention empowered locals, made citizens to demand correct services from elected leaders. Some good response realized from the leaders. 1.2.3: 3 radio talk shows held, 34 One extra talk show was Hold 02 accountability Radio talk callers (5 female & 29 male) pushed from last quarter. shows per quarter for 01 hour each per engaged leaders.

year. Output 1.3. 216 IBMs 1.3: 66 cases of misuse of public 41 cases were referred to monitoring the flow of public Facilitate Monitoring of Public resources and poor service public accountability resources and service Expenditure and Service Delivery in all delivery were reported from institutions and relevant local the service points delivery. the 28 sub counties of Apac, Kole & authorities and 02 logically monitored. Oyam. concluded while 23 pending verification and follow up. 1.3.1: Facilitate 12 Follow up of cases 12 follow up of cases were 4 from each three target of corruption and poor service delivery facilitated to verify and district.

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 17 reported by the community and the document evidences for IBMs engagement. Output 2.1. 2.1: Conduct 01 community scorecards 12 community scorecards (CSC) in social service delivery points. held in 12 service points such as health centre, schools and water. 2.1.1: Conduct Community scoring and 01 CSC conducted at Atop The CSC was conducted as service providers’ self-evaluation in P.7 School, Oyam district on planned. selected parts of Kole, Oyam and Apac. 25th Oct. 2016, 105 people attended (86 men & 19 women). Critical issues affecting education service delivery discussed and resolved. 2.1.2: Conduct one (01) Interface 01 interface meeting held meeting to present issues raised by on 26th Oct. 2016 at Atop service users and service providers. P.7 School, Loro Oyam district. 115 people attended (90 men & 25 women). Cconstructive issues and action plans developed. Most of the actions implemented. Education service delivery at the School changed.

2.1.3: Hold 1 Quarterly District 01 district dialogue held on This was combined with the Advocacy / Dialogue meetings about 24th Nov. 2016 in Oyam one pushed from last quarter, findings from CSC in selected places in Town. 64 people (55 men & This is because CSC was Apac, Oyam & Kole districts. 09 women) attended. CSC conducted in only education

reports on Barromo & Atop facilities and it therefore Schools presented, target same audiences. discussed and actions taken. Example:  On 3rd 11 2016, CAO had to send audit teams to audit Atop P.7 books,  The audit let to interdiction of head teacher Ogwal Francis amongst others.  For Baromo P.7 School, the School books were audited, resulted to refund of funds and arrest of leaders. 2.1.4: Conduct Quarterly Follow up on 02 follow up were made. The extra follow up was the progress of agreed action points Technical backstopping pushed from last quarter. developed during CSC (interface provided by TAACC, action meeting) in the selected service points. plans implemented by the parents as reported. 93 people attended in all. Output 2.2. 6 DIPF held to 2.2: Conduct Quarterly District 02 DIPF held. 1st on 9th The extra 1 DIPF meeting was discuss and resolve Integrity Promotional Forum (DIPF) November 2016 at Ayer out of savings made from the challenges affecting service meetings in selected places in Apac, Health Center II also in Kole planned activities. It was out delivery in Apac, Kole and Kole and Oyam districts.

Semi-annual Partner Management Report Page 18 Oyam districts. district. The matter of community outcry that discussed is the theft of needed immediate Ugx. 17,568,000/= for the intervention from TAACC. VHT by the Malaria Focal person of Kole district.

2nd DIPF in Oyam held on 20th Dec. 2016. 63 people attended (Male 50 and 13 Female). Good engagement on: Ugx. 102 million stalled Town Council block construction since 2009, Stalled construction of Ugx. 7million 2 stance pit latrine for Awelobutoryo, Lack of value for money expenditure of 175 million 1 km Obote Avenue by Oyam Town Council leaders. Attention of central gov’t was realized, Overpayment of Muwangala David of Arise consult contrary to guidelines discussed 7 resolved, CIID –Oyam committed to work on the file on Oyam Town Clerk. Output 3.3. 3 staff facilitated 2.3.2: Networking, linkages & reporting 7 staff attended 19 Some costs met by the to attend networking on accountability issues, web site networking, 237 website partners. No overspending. meetings. design & hosting visitors with good comments,

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