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Walkover Report Hartley Burn (River Tyne Catchment)

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Walkover Report Hartley Burn (River Tyne Catchment) Walkover Report Hartley Burn (River Tyne Catchment) 03/02/2017 Undertaken by Gareth Pedley, Wild Trout Trust Key findings The rugged nature of the burn, exacerbated by straightening and channel modification, has resulted in a further increase in gradient which limits the retention of suitable salmonid spawning substrate in the upper end of the reach inspected (d/s of Midgeholme and around the mine). Spawning is therefore primarily limited to the lower end of the reach (although suitable spawning habitat may exist on the catchment further u/s). Owing to the general lack of suitable spawning areas in the upper and middle end of the reach, evidence of spawning was observed in sub-optimal habitat. Rough grassland downstream of Midgeholme/the mine may offer potential sites for river restoration. Restoring the form and function of the burn’s channel could greatly improve the habitat in those areas for salmonid spawning and invertebrates. Fine sediment input appeared to be emanating from the mine workings and should be investigated/monitored further. Grazing is limiting the growth of bankside vegetation in areas with livestock access; this degrades riparian habitat but is also reducing bank stability and placing bankside trees in jeopardy. Buffer fencing could reduce this issue and preserve mature trees and bank stability (also facilitating greater natural tree and vegetation regeneration). Issues of significant erosion and fine sediment input resulting from livestock grazing were observed on the Haining Burn tributary. 1 1.0 Introduction This report is the output of a site visit to the Hartley Burn by Gareth Pedley of the Wild Trout Trust (WTT). This work was initiated as part of the Tyne Tributaries Project: a collaboration between the Tyne Riparian Owners Association (TROOA), the Tyne Rivers Trust (TRT) and the Environment Agency (EA). Also present on the walkover were Simone Price (TRT), and Charlie Cooper and Norman Hooks (TRT volunteers). The walkover assessment was undertaken from Midgeholme Bridge, working downstream to the River Tyne. The report pictorially illustrates the habitat assessment, with captions highlighting the issues observed in each photo. Normal convention is applied throughout this report with respect to bank identification, i.e. the banks are designated left bank (LB) or right bank (RB) whilst looking downstream. The Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference system is used for identifying any specific locations. Upstream and downstream references are often abbreviated to u/s and d/s, respectively. Hartley Burn, Water Framework Directive Waterbody ID GB103023075481. Overview of the upstream (red arrow) and downstream (blue arrow) limit of the Hartley Burn catchment walked (taken from the Environment Agency Catchment Data Explorer). 2 2.0 Habitat Assessment Photo DCSN5716. Looking d/s from Midgeholme Bridge. Note the rugged nature of the watercourse and the coarse substrate size. Photo DSCN5717. Raised ford and fine sediment pathway on a small tributary of the burn. Wheel ruts can channel surface water and fine sediment along a track for considerable distances following heavy rainfall. 3 Photo DCSN5720. Lateral erosion into the RB has clearly exposed mine spoil and demonstrates the major impact of mining in this area. This is part of the burn’s natural recovery from a previously realigned channel; something that is clearly evident throughout many areas of the watercourse. Photo DCSN5721. Livestock have unfettered access to the riverbanks and this is increasing rates of riverbank erosion and fine sediment input. 4 Photo DCSN5723. Overspill from the settling lagoons of the current mining operations. Ongoing mining activity will likely constrain the burn in the future, limiting its migration into the RB. Photo DCSN5725. Deep accumulations of fine sediment/surface wash-off on the track alongside the mine. 5 Photo DCSN5727. Track wash off creates an obvious potential fine sediment input to the burn at high flows, although the grass buffer appears to provide at least some protection at lower flows. Photo DCSN5731. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera) (green circle) were observed through stone turning, indicating that the water quality is capable of supporting invertebrate life. 6 Photo DCSN5732. A small clear-span bridge poses no issue for fish passage or sediment transport. The tail of the pool u/s provides a lift of gravel and cobble with potential for salmonid spawning. Photo DCSN5734. The relatively straight (straightened) channel elevates the energy of an already high-energy watercourse. As a consequence, there are fewer slower, deeper pool areas (lack of sharp bends) and the substrate of the burn is generally very coarse, above the sizes utilisable by most salmonids for spawning. 7 Photo DCSN5736. In the floodplain d/s of the current mine works, old mine workings and the burn’s paleo-channel can be seen (NY 64938 59208). The current channel follows a straightened course to the right of shot, in contrast to sinuous paleo channels within the floodplain (centre). Photo DCSN5737. The generally steep gradient and straightened nature of the channel in this area belies the fine sediment inputs as much of the material is transported through the reach. However, marginal deposition in areas of wider channel suggest that high inputs of fine, sandy material are entering the burn at times. 8 Photo DCSN5742. Relatively high density sheep grazing in the fields d/s of the mine workings, on sandy soils, is resulting in erosion bays. Photo DCSN5743. More obvious signs of the past channel maintenance and realignment can be observed around NY 65100 59396, where the channel has been pushed to the right side of the floodplain and is embanked along the LB side. 9 Photo DCSN5744. At NY 65150 59502, the start of LB buffer fencing creates a clear change to riparian habitat, with a far greater range of species present and natural tree regeneration possible. Photo DCSN5746. A sonde was observed, secured beneath a footbridge, at NY 65116 59631. It is suspected that this will be for monitoring the outputs from the mine workings u/s. 10 Photo DCSN5752. Extensive erosion associated with sheep grazing is greatly increasing fine sediment inputs on the Haining Burn tributary, to an extent that was visible at the confluence with the Hartley Burn. Grazing is preventing the establishment of natural, diverse river bank vegetation and, as a consequence of the lack of bank protection, major erosion is resulting. Photo DCSN5753. Depositions of the eroded material can be clearly observed in the lower reaches of Haining Burn and although only the lower 500m were inspected, it is suspected that the issues extend much further, throughout its catchment. 11 Photo DCSN5756. A poorly placed feed ring (adjacent to the Hartley Burn) demonstrates the problems of increased ground poaching and accumulation of faecal matter at such features, highlighting the need to locate them well away from a watercourse. The feed ring actually shows on Google Maps aerial photography, demonstrating the long-term nature of the problem. There is also a lack of buffer fencing on the LB around this area. Photo DCSN5757. At one of the few, more pronounced bends, the scour on the outside and deposition on the inside has created and maintained valuable pool and gravel bar features. 12 Photo DCSN5761. At Haining House Farm, what appears to be a spring or tributary emerges from under the farm buildings. Despite this appearing to be an obvious potential source of contamination, the water appeared clean and there was no signs of excessive biofilm growth in that channel. Photo DCSN5762. Livestock access to the banks around the side of the farm and in the field d/s are reducing the bankside vegetation and exacerbating erosion. Just u/s of the farm, a stock-proof buffer fence starts on the RB, which extends d/s to the road bridge. 13 Photo DCSN5765. The bridge near Haining Farm poses no issues for fish passage or sediment transport. The straightening of the channel in this area and d/s continues to degrade the habitat diversity and reduce the occurrence of deeper pool habitat. Photo DCSN5766. Despite a lack of buffer fencing along the LB in the field d/s of the bridge, amazingly, some willow shrubs have become established. These already improve habitat in their vicinity and it is hoped that they survive to grow larger and provide further improvement. 14 Photo DCSN5773. Further d/s, the impact of grazing upon bank stability and potential loss of trees is clear, where grazing and trampling around the tree has led to accelerated erosion and will ultimately lead to the loss of this tree and others if action is not taken to exclude livestock. Photo DCSN5775. It is far better to exclude livestock from a riverbank and preserve the trees that consolidate the bank, than lose that stability and have to deal with serious erosion issues once the trees are lost. Also note how straight the realigned channel is. 15 Photo DCSN5779. The second field d/s of the bridge (from NY 65702 59907) is buffer fenced and some benefit can be seen; however, a trample line along the inside of the fence suggest sheep are getting in. Such lines create weak points in the turf and reduce the integrity of the bank. Photo DCSN5782. At a small gap in the fencing (NY 65954 59948) bank erosion increases and although the buffer is reinstated d/s, livestock appear to have access to both banks from a short distance further d/s (see DSCN5783). 16 Photo DCSN5783. Closely cropped grass demonstrates that sheep have access to both banks, probably more likely through the buffer fence on the LB than crossing from the unfenced RB. The notable erosion resulting from grazing and a lack of trees has led to widening of the channel. Photo DCSN5783.
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