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Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase Undergraduate Research

2021

The Inhibition of Growth of S. cerevisiae, U. maydis, and M. lychinidis-dioicae by Apiaecea

Jackson M Hoffman [email protected]

Jared Scott University of Louisville, [email protected]

David Schultz PhD University of Louisville, [email protected]

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Part of the Alternative and Complementary Medicine Commons, Biochemistry Commons, Food Chemistry Commons, Organic Chemicals Commons, and the Other Microbiology Commons

Recommended Citation Hoffman, Jackson M; Scott, Jared; and Schultz, David PhD, "The Inhibition of Growth of S. cerevisiae, U. maydis, and M. lychinidis-dioicae by Apiaecea Plant Extracts" (2021). Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase. 39. https://ir.library.louisville.edu/uars/39

This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research at ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Inhibition of U. maydis Extracts 30

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0 Ajwain Cummin Corriander Carraway Zeocin 0.1mg 80% EtOH The Inhibition of Growth of S. Cerevisiae, U. Maydis, and M. Lychnidis-dioicae by(+control) Apiaecea(vehicle control)Plant Extracts University of Louisville Biology Department Authors: Jackson Hoffman, Jared Scott, and Dr. David Schultz Apiaceae Extracts Abstract Results Results The Apiaceae family of contains over 3,500 species, many of which are used as food crops: No impact on growth for any bacterial species. vegetables (, , celery, etc.), (cilantro, fennel, dill, etc.), and (, anise, , Anise Ajwain Cummin Celery Fennel Dill Corriander Carraway Zeocin 0.1mg (+control) 80% EtOH (vehicle control) etc.). Many spices have been shown to exhibit antimicrobial properties against both bacteria and fungi. We set There was an impact on growth of fungal species: out to determine if the Apiaceae spice extracts currently used in our lab for anticancer studies exhibit any Inhibition of M. lychnidis-dioicae by Apiaceae Spice Extracts • S. cerevisiae growth was inhibited by the celery and ajwain antimicrobial properties. Ethanolic extracts were made from several Apiaceae : Apium graveolens 30 extracts with inhibition zones of 15.9mm and 11.9mm, (celery), Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Anethum graveolens (dill), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Coriandrum satvium (), Pimpinella ansium (anise), ammi (ajwain), Carum respectively. carvi (caraway).The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were assayed with the Kirby-Bauer (KB) Assay 25 • U. maydis was inhibited by all extracts besides fennel and against several microbial species; four bacterial species (E. coli, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. enterica) and caraway (anise: 19.7mm, celery: 15.3mm, ajwain: 14.9mm, cumin: three fungal species (U. maydis, S. cerevisiae, and M. lyocens-diociae). KB assays for bacteria were 20 performed on LB plates with ampicillin positive controls and ethanol solvent controls, while fungal KB assays 11.4mm, coriander: 9.3, dill: 7.5mm). were performed on YPD plates with zeocin positive controls and ethanol solvent controls. KB diffusion disks • M. lychnidis-diociae growth was inhibited by celery: 20.3mm, 15 were placed on inoculated plates and impregnated with the extracts and controls. The zones of inhibition for ajwain: 9.3mm, dill 5.7mm, and coriander 2.7mm. each and control were measured and compared. The antibacterial KB assays revealed minimal effects when compared to the ethanol control in all bacterial species tested. The antifungal KB assays indicated that 10 some of the spice extracts exhibit antifungal properties. The celery and ajwain extracts had broad antifungal effects against all three fungal species, while the anise and cumin were only able to inhibit U. maydis, 5 showing minimal effects against the other two fungal species. Zone of Inhibition diameter (mm) 0 Anise Ajwain Cummin Celery Fennel Dill Corriander Carraway Zeocin 0.1mg 80% EtOH (+control) (vehicle control) Background Apiaceae Extracts The Apiaceae family of plants are aromatic flowering plants that include Inhibition of S. ceriveseae by Apiaeceae Spice Extracts over 3500 known species. 18 • Some species are used as culinary spices and aromatic 16 Conclusions vegetables. 14 The Apiaceae plant extracts exhibited antifungal activity against several • Used in and Traditional Chinese Medicine. 12 fungal species in KB assays, while none of them exhibited antibacterial

• Potential antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. 10 effects against the bacterial species in similar KB assays. This trial investigated the antimicrobial potential of eight different 8 • The fungal species exhibited varying growth: Apiaceae extracts : celery, cumin, caraway, anise, ajwain, fennel, • Extracts such as celery and ajwain presented relatively 6 dill, and coriander. broad antifungal activity. • Tested against 7 microbial species: 3 bacterial and 4 fungal 4 • Extracts such as such as caraway and fennel presented 2 no antifungal activity. Zone of Inhibition diameter (mm) 0 • Other extracts had impacts on the growth of some fungal Anise Ajwain Cumin Celery Fennel Dill Coriander Caraway Zeocin 0.1mg 80% EtOH (+control) (vehicle control) species but not others such as anise, dill, coriander and Cumin seed Celery seed Apiaceae Extracts cumin. Cuminum Apium • The celery extract had the most significant impact on cyminum Graveolens Inhibition of U. maydis by Apiaceae Spice Extracts 30 fungal growth against all fungal species assayed. Future experiments: 25 • Use chromatography and bioactive fractionation to isolate the bioactive molecules from the complex mixture in the extracts Materials and Methods 20 allowing for the reduction of the concentrations needed to impact Bacterial and Fungal Growth Conditions fungal growth. • All four bacterial species (E. coli, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. enterica) and 15 • Assaying these extracts against more virulent fungi species that are known to cause disease. three fungal species (U.maydis, S. ceriviseae, and M. Lychnidis-diocae) 10 were grown in optimal conditions. KB assays (all in triplicate) 5 Acknowledgements Zone of Inhibition diameter (mm) • The UofL College of A&S for the Mentored Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities Grant that • KB assays were performed using standard procedures and protocols. funded this project. 0 • Jared Scott and Dr. David Schultz for their mentorship. • Anise Ajwain Cummin Celery Fennel Dill Corriander Carraway Zeocin 0.1mg 80% EtOH The zones of growth inhibition for each extract and controls were (+control) (vehicle control) • Dr. Michael Perlin, Dr. Deborah Yoder-Himes, and Rhiannon Cecil for donation of the microbial species measured and compared. Apiaceae Extracts • The UofL Biology Department for the use of their lab space and equipment.