1. Draft State Heritage Register Nomination Form 2. Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Heritage Assessment 3

ITEM CiS11 REPORTS 14/06/16

NORTH SYDNEY COUNCIL REPORTS

Report to General Manager

Attachments: 1. Draft State heritage Register Nomination Form 2. Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Heritage Assessment 3. Coal Loader Structural Report ______

SUBJECT: Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf - Nomination on the State Heritage Register and Application for an Interim Heritage Order

AUTHOR: Stephen Beattie, Manager Development Services

ENDORSED BY: Joseph Hill Director City Strategy

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report has been prepared in response to recent correspondence from the RMS indicating their intention to demolish the Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf in its entirety, due to safety risks posed by the deteriorating structure. The RMS is currently preparing a Review of Environmental Factors for the full removal of the wharf.

The Coal Loader Wharf is currently listed as a heritage item within NSLEP 2013.However, the Coal Loader Wharf was assessed as having heritage significance at State level in the Waverton Peninsular Industrial Sites Conservation Management Plan 2000. This matter was extensively discussed in the Report of David Banbury, Landscape Architect which was considered by Council at its December 2015 meeting.

The Office of Environment and Heritage advised Council, in a letter dated 27 January 2016, that if a detailed study of the subject item concludes that it may be of state significance, consideration should be given to its nomination on the State Heritage Register.

In light of the current RMS proposal to demolish the wharf in its entirety, it is now considered appropriate that the nomination for listing on the State Heritage Register be expedited, in order to ensure the best possible conservation outcome for the Wharf.

Full demolition of the wharf, with no retention of fabric, is considered to be the worst possible outcome for the wharf, in heritage terms.

Council has recently engaged a heritage architect and engineer to review the significance and condition of the wharf, and provide advice as the current level of significance, detailed analysis of its current condition, and appropriate course of action. The consultant has concluded that the Wharf is of State Significance for its historic, associative, aesthetic and technical values. It has been assessed to have high comparative significance values, and is considered to make a high contribution to the heritage significance of the Coal Loader site as a whole. These reports are attached for Councils information.

Report of: Stephen Beattie, Manager Development Services Re: Coal Loader Wharf State Heritage Listing and Interim Heritage Order (2)

The consultant has provided a DRAFT State Heritage Register Nomination Form for the Wharf.

Given the immediate threat to the Wharf by the proposed demolition, the Heritage Office has also recommended that Council request that the Heritage Council consider placing an Interim Heritage Order on the Wharf to protect the structure while the Nomination for State Listing is being considered.

FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS:

There are no costs to North Sydney Council resulting from the nomination of the Coal Loader Wharf on the State Heritage Register, or the application for an Interim Heritage Order.

Local Government Act 1993: Section 23A Guidelines - Council Decision Making During Merger Proposal Period.

The Guidelines have been considered in the preparation of this report and are not applicable.

RECOMMENDATION: 1. THAT the report be received. 2. THAT Council resolve to nominate the Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf on the State Heritage Register. 3. THAT Council resolve to apply to the Heritage Council for an Interim Heritage Order on the Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf.

Report of: Stephen Beattie, Manager Development Services Re: Coal Loader Wharf State Heritage Listing and Interim Heritage Order (3)

LINK TO DELIVERY PROGRAM

Direction: 2. Our Built Environment

Outcome: 2.4 North Sydney’s Heritage is preserved and valued

BACKGROUND:

The Ball’s Head Coal Loader Wharf is currently listed as a heritage item within NSLEP 2013. However, the Coal Loader Wharf was assessed as having heritage significance at state level in the Waverton Peninsular Industrial Sites Conservation Management Plan 2000.

The Wharf has been under the care and management of RMS since it was decommissioned in 1992. During that period, Council has held various discussions with RMS regarding options for the future of the Coal Loader Wharf.

On 17 September 2015, the RMS advised Council that they were intending to remove the entire Coal Loader Wharf under Part 5 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act. Although the wharf is listed as a heritage item within NSLEP 2013, RMS advised that its demolition does not require development consent because the work is actively related to navigation safety under Clause 68(5)(d) of the SEPP Infrastructure. The RMS provided a Statement of Heritage Impact, and invited Council to comment.

On 11 November 2015, Council staff met with RMS representatives to discuss the proposal and request consideration of alternatives to full removal. Council’s Landscape Architect presented an option for the retention and adaptive reuse of a small section of the wharf attached to the land.

On 7 December 2015, Council considered a report by Council’s Landscape Architect regarding the RMS proposal for demolition of the wharf, and resolved:

1. THAT Council endorse in-principle the concept to retain and adaptively reuse a portion of the old coal loader wharf on Balls Head Bay in Waverton for heritage interpretation and public access. 2. THAT Council engage in further discussions with Roads & Maritime Services with regards the design, funding and ongoing management.

On 3 March 2016, Council staff met with RMS to discuss the Council resolution and preferred option for adaptive reuse. At that meeting, and in later correspondence, RMS indicated that their intention is to proceed with the removal of the wharf in its entirety. Further, they would not be prepared to provide any input into or funding for the adaptive reuse or reconstruction of any part of the wharf. In addition, the RMS could not guarantee that approval would be granted for the rebuilding of part of the wharf.

Report of: Stephen Beattie, Manager Development Services Re: Coal Loader Wharf State Heritage Listing and Interim Heritage Order (4)

SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT

The adoption of the recommendations of this report will provide the “next steps” to ensure appropriate conservation of the Coal Loader Wharf for future generations.

DETAIL

The RMS is now progressing their plan to demolish the wharf in its entirety and is currently preparing a Review of Environmental Factors for the full removal of the wharf under the State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure).

In order to determine the best possible heritage outcome for the wharf, Council has engaged a heritage architect (Jennifer Hill of Architectural Projects) and engineer (Simon Wiltshier of Mott McDonald), who have expertise in structures of this nature, to review the current significance and condition of the wharf, and provide advice as to the most appropriate course of action. The consultants have now provided a Heritage Assessment Report and preliminary Condition Report.

The Heritage Assessment Report has concluded that the Wharf is of State Significance for its historic, associative, aesthetic and technical values. It has been assessed to have high comparative significance values, and is considered to make a high contribution to the heritage significance of the Coal Loader site as a whole.

In light of the current RMS proposal to demolish the wharf in its entirety, the consultants have advised that it is now considered appropriate that the nomination for listing on the State Heritage Register be expedited, in order to ensure the best possible conservation outcome for the Wharf.

The consultant has provided a DRAFT State Heritage Register Nomination Form for the Wharf, which is attached to this report.

Although the wharf is already listed in NSLEP, the Heritage Council can consider placing an Interim Heritage Order on a structure that has been determined to be of State significance, if under immediate threat.

Should the application for State Listing be successful, the office of environment and heritage will become involved in the decisions about the future of the wharf and its interpretation.

Report of: Stephen Beattie, Manager Development Services Re: Coal Loader Wharf State Heritage Listing and Interim Heritage Order (5)

CONCLUSION

Independent consultants have recently reviewed the heritage significance of the Coal Loader Wharf, and determined it to be of State Significance.

Due to the immediate threat of its demolition, it is recommended that Council proceed immediately with the Nomination of the Coal Loader Wharf for inclusion on the State Heritage Register. It is further recommended that Council submit an application to the Heritage Council for an Interim Heritage Order to prevent its demolition, and enable a more appropriate approach to its conservation to be considered.

ATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 6

State Heritage Register Nomination Form

Important notes for nominators

Before completing this When completing this form note that: form, read the Guideline for Nominations to the • It must be completed and submitted electronically.* State Heritage Register * to check whether a • Follow the guideline* to fill out the form accurately.

nomination is • YELLOW sections of this form are mandatory for your nomination appropriate. to be accepted for consideration.

You should only • BLUE sections of this form are recommended, but are not essential, nominate an item you unless otherwise indicated in the form. believe to be particularly important in the context • The completed form must show how the nominated place is state significant to meet the criteria for listing on the register. of all of NSW, beyond the local area or region. • Incomplete nominations, or those with insufficient information, may not be accepted. This is because only items of state heritage • A complete and accurate nomination form, with a clear assessment significance are eligible of state significance of the place or object, will assist in the timely consideration of your nomination. for listing on the State Heritage Register. * Download this form and guideline at: www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/nominating

A. Nominated place

1. Name

Name of place / object: Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf. Other or former Waverton Coal Loader, Gore Cove. Coal Loader Wharf name(s):

2. Location

Street address*: (no.) Balls Head Drive (street name) Waverton (suburb / town) Alternate street address: (no.) (street name) (suburb / town) Local government area: North Sydney Land parcel(s)*: (Lot no/s) (section no.) (DP no.) (Lot no/s) (section no.) (DP no.) (Lot no/s) (section no.) (DP no.) Co-ordinates*: -33.8431 (Latitude) 151.1928 (Longitude) (Datum)

*At least one of these three location details must be provided. For a movable object, enter its principal location. If the place has no street number, provide land parcels. If it has no land parcels, provide Co-ordinates and a map.

3. Extent of nomination

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Server Files:02. CURRENT JOBS:1650 LANE COVE, COAL LOADER JETTY, WAVERTON :07.REPORTS:01. Reports:01.Reports:R3.SHRNF.Report.120516AH:StateHeritageRegisterNominationForm230516AHcopy 2.docIssue of 24/06/2008 Design by C. Loffi

ATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 7

State Heritage Register Nomination Form

Curtilage map of nominated area:

LEGEND

Curtilage Zone Approx. Scale 0 15 30m

Architectural Projects project drawing plot date job no. drawing no. rev tel. +612 8303 1700 Waverton Coal Loader, Gore Cove, Coal Loader Wharf www.architecturalprojects.net.au Curtilage Map 18.05.16 1650 H.01 - Gary O’Reilly | nominated architect no.4796 Server Files/02. CURRENT JOBS/1635 GLENIFFER BRAE/07.REPORTS/01. Reports/01.Reports/R1/ R1.2/ R1.2/ 1635 Grading of Signifcance.indd

Source of map or plan: NSW Government, Land and Property Information, SIX maps Boundary description

(in words):

4. Ownership

Name of owner(s): Roads and Maritime Services, NSW State Government Contact person: Contact position: Postal address: (street address or postal box) (suburb or town) (state) (post code) Phone number: Ownership explanation:

B. Significance

5. Why is it important in NSW?

Statement of state It is of State heritage significance because: Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf is significance: an important maritime and industrial landmark which along with its associated industrial complex is representative of the importance of the coal industry in the twentieth Century to the working life of Sydney Harbour. It is one of the earliest surviving and longest operating shore based coal loading facilities both in a Sydney Harbour and State wide context. Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf with its remnant Hoskins steel frame is rare for its ability to demonstrate the practise of coal bunkering in the early twentieth century. The site also represents the transfer from coal to oil fuel for shipping during the first half of the century through the pumping equipment. The Coal Loader site and wharf are also significant for their historic association with the development of coal as an export industry. The Wharf and its industrial complex are associated with several prominent coal mining companies in NSW namely Union Steam Ship Company, Wallarah Coal Company, J&A Brown and Abermain Seaham Collieries and Coal and Allied Industries. The wharf also has important associations with engineer and designer Frank Ernest Stowe, equipment engineers Mead Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf. ♦ Last printed 26/05/2016 ♦ Page 2

State Heritage Register Nomination Form

Morrison of Chicago, and Malco Industries who were responsible for the 1976 upgrade. The existing wharf structure functions as a visual marker, that provides connections to the historical development of the site through its landmark qualities. The Coal Loader Wharf is a dramatic, visually prominent harbourside industrial icon, that effectively communicates the former industrial use of the site. The timber structure of the wharf is aesthetically distinctive, outstanding because of its size, and has a majestic quality in its timber supporting structures. The wharf construction and the surviving plant and equipment, have potential to contribute to an understanding of the operations of this site and to maritime industrial technologies generally. The Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf and associated industrial elements are valued by the local community as evidenced by ongoing community activism and the opening of the Coal Loader Centre for Sustainability. Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf is a rare surviving coal loading wharves. The wharf, together with the steel support structure for the elevated coal conveyor, is rare evidence of the early twentieth-century practise of coal bunkering of ships, and the remaining steel support structures for the former coal loader are a rare example of steel from the Hoskins Lithgow steel works. Comparisons: Maritime, industrial sites, such as coal loading wharves, were once a prominent feature in Sydney Harbour. Prior to the deep sea ports of Newcastle, Wollongong and Port Botany during the early twentieth century, Sydney Harbour was the only port with adequate facilities to unload and load, repair and refuel ships, as well as handle and distribute their cargoes. It was in this climate that the Coal Loader site emerged. Over time, changes in technology and land use in Sydney Harbour have resulted in the redundancy and removal of many of these features, resulting in Balls Head Coal Loader wharf being one of very few timber wharves and the last surviving coal loading facility remnant in the harbour.

Comparative analysis has required a wider search beyond Sydney Harbour, and has encompassed typologies of purpose built Coal loader wharves in NSW as well as timber wharves within Sydney Harbour. Catherine Hill Bay coal loader wharf is the closest surviving example of a coal loading wharf for comparative purposes. Within the Sydney Harbour industrial context, the Walsh Bay Wharves are selected for comparison.

Coal Loader wharves Outside of Sydney Harbour, deep sea ports of Newcastle, Port Kembla, Wollongong and Port Botany developed in the twentieth century are the location of major coal loaders. Catherine Hill Bay at Lake Macquarie is no longer in use but shares a similar history and operational timeframe as Waverton.

Newstan Coal Loader As the quantity of coal being handled through Port of Newcastle increased, the aborted plans for a conveyor belt- loading system were revived by the Railways Department in 1952, but in 1955 it was still unfinished: the Newstan coal loader, built with private funding but incorporating the partly built Railways Department loader. It commenced operation in July 1958. This was the first conveyor type loader, which relied on direct feed from rail wagons as there were no stockpiles or bins. In 1961 the Maritime Services Board took over from the Railways Department the ownership and operation of coal loading appliances, such as tractors and cranes, and the collection of loading charges. It also assumed responsibility for the coal loader formerly operated by Newstan Colliery Pty.

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State Heritage Register Nomination Form

Ltd. The Basin Coal Loader Federal government moves to upgrade coal loading facilities in New South Wales resulted in financial assistance for the construction of a new coal loader which was commenced in 1964 and came into operation in 1967. It replaced the 15 ton hydraulic cranes on the eastern side of The Basin and the electric cranes on the western side of The Basin. When the Basin Coal Loader was being planned there was a significant divergence of views on where the loading heads should be situated. Newcastle interests wanted the new loader to be on the Dyke, loading vessels berthed in the Steelworks Channel. The MSB, however, were strongly influenced by the effects of a major flood in 1955 on the main channel, and the also by the hydraulic effect of large ships passing moored vessels in the channel. The Boards preference, therefore, was to locate the new loader in The Basin where siltation would be less and where loading ships would not be affected by other operations on the harbour. After some spirited meetings, the MSB finally decided to locate the new loader in The Basin. A new berth at Eastern Basin was constructed for the MSB by the PWD, and the equipment was constructed and commissioned by the local engineering firm, A. Goninan & Co. The operation capacity of the Basin Coal Loader was initially 7 million tonnes per annum. Construction of this facility allowed the wharfage on the western side of The Basin to be reconstructed for general cargo. In 1968 Canwan Coal Pty Ltd established a stockpile operations on land leased from the Railways near where the Carrington Coal terminal now stands which was linked to the Basin Loader in 1970 increasing capacity to 11 million tonnes per annum. The Basin coal loader was decommissioned in December 1988 and the area redeveloped for general cargo purposes.

Catherine Hill Bay Coal Loader The company that owned and operated the Catherine Hill Bay mine, the Wallarah Coal Company, took over the Balls Head lease in 1934 and operated the facility until 1957. Although its function was similar, the Catherine Hill Bay coal loader wharf is a sea wharf rather than a harbour wharf.

The Catherine Hill Bay coal loader was originally constructed in 1873 as part of the New Wallsend Coal Company facility. (State Heritage Inventory 1993). After the Wallarah Coal Company took over in 1889, they set about building a new wharf. The wharf was completed by 1890, with the piles being fitted to the rocky bottom of the bay by iron bolts installed by divers.

The wharf was 1,060 feet long and the deck 30 feet above the high water mark. Two adjustable chutes were constructed, enabling the height of the chutes to be varied with the tide, and four large iron cylinders were fitted at the end of the wharf to anchor it in the easterly gales and seas. Two fenders were also constructed with separate piles to prevent docked ships from damaging the wharf. Two sets of rails were laid on the wharf, with one side containing the empty wagons and the other containing the wagons to be emptied. In 1912, the wharf was lit with electric lights whilst winch-driven hopper wagons were used to fill the chutes (Andrews 2009:1042).

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State Heritage Register Nomination Form

ship loader was mounted on rails on the wharf, and was controlled by a driver. The new ship loader was fed by a conveyor belt system also running on rails along the length of the wharf. Being moveable and on rails, the ship loader allowed the coal to be loaded anywhere along the length of the ship. It was also retractable, allowing it to be protected in inclement weather (EJE 2005:58, 60). The Catherine Hill Bay coal loader wharf was again rebuilt in 1974 following a severe cyclone in May. The new jetty comprised a concrete deck with steel piles. Coal loading ceased at Catherine Hill Bay in 2002. Catastrophic bushfires in October 2013 at Catherine Hill Bay resulted in the coal loader being partially destroyed.

The State Heritage Inventory entry for Catherine Hill Bay coal loader wharf, assesses it as being of moderate State significance, of high regional significance and very high local significance. Since this assessment in 1993, the wharf has ceased use as a coal loader, and has suffered increased loss of integrity due to bushfire and weathering.

The wharves at Catherine Hill Bay and Balls Head are both rare examples of coal loading wharves in NSW. Both wharves were constructed from timber and utilised rail systems to move coal along the wharf to be loaded onto ships berthed alongside. Once the Balls Head facility was acquired by the Wallarah Coal Company the two wharves had an intimate relationship with coal loaded from Catherine Hill Bay wharf eventually being loaded onto ships in Sydney Harbour from the Balls Head wharf. Both wharves have landmark qualities. Both wharves are in poor condition and have diminished integrity after sustaining damage and alterations over time.

Sydney Harbour Context At one time, the largest export from Sydney Harbour was coal. This was shipped from coal loaders at Blackwattle Bay, White Bay and the Waverton Coal Loader. The Balmain Coal Loader at the head of White Bay dates from 1939/1951 and was upgraded in the 1970s and closed in 1991. Millers and Jones Bros, both at Pyrmont were examples of other harbour-based coal depots operating at the same time. Coal & Allied bought these firms during the 1970s. Each of these sites has been closed down and redeveloped. While the Waverton Wharf remains the only Coal Loader Wharf located in Sydney Harbour, a number of significant early 20th century timber wharfs survive in the harbour. The Sydney Harbour Trust was formed in 1901 to take over control and management of the commercial port areas of Sydney Harbour and it immediately set about removing old, formerly private, wharfage around the waterfront and building large modern, well equipped wharf and storage structures which were then either leased to private concerns or operated as general wharves. Jones Bay Wharves, Wolloomolloo Bay finger wharf and Walsh Bay wharves resulted from this move. Although it was not used for coal loading, Walsh Bay wharf illustrates similar construction techniques and materials to the Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf.

The Walsh Bay Wharves Precinct comprises an integrated port precinct comprising wharves, shore sheds, bond stores, bridges and roads. A standard modular timber design was developed for the wharves, wharf sheds and shore sheds so that they could easily be adapted to the

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State Heritage Register Nomination Form

requirements of individual sites. Some structures predate the Sydney Harbour Trust work (remains of Towns Bond, Bond Stores Nos. 1 & 3). Construction of the whole complex took place between 1906 and 1922. (Little, Clark, Whittaker 1979).

The wharves are constructed of turpentine piles spaced on a 10ft grid, come spliced together to reach down to rock 145ft below sea level. Rows of piles are capped with a 14in by 14in iron-bark headstock and tied together by 12in by 12in iron-bark girders at 3ft 4in centres. The whole was covered with 9in by 4in brushbox decking. Later this was covered with a 4in thick concrete deck. Superseded by changing shipping technology in the 1970s, the Walsh Bay complex is rare.

The Walsh Bay Wharves and associated buildings and works are a virtually intact port and stevedoring facility created by the Sydney Harbour Trust in response to the requirements of maritime trade at the time (1900s-1910s). The precinct documents the workings of a technologically advanced early twentieth century shipping port, developed specifically to accommodate new mechanised transportation technology. (Department of Urban Affairs and Planning 1989:5) The wharves have a strong distinctive character created by the logical use of heavy timber construction and the regular grid layout of piles, columns, beams and infill cladding. (Little, Clarke, Whittaker 1979) The precinct is unified in materials, form and scale and contains structures demonstrating maritime uses. It demonstrates the life of inner Sydney in the early twentieth century. The precinct demonstrates technical and creative excellence of the period 1820-1930. (Department of Urban Affairs and Planning 1989:5)

Both the Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf and the Walsh Bay Wharf are located within Sydney Harbour and were built contemporaneously within the first two decades of the 20th Century to service the industrial, maritime needs of Sydney. They are both elements of larger industrial complexes and contribute to the heritage significance of the whole.

The Walsh Bay Wharves precinct is a large, virtually intact complex of wharves and associated infrastructure, possibly the last intact complex of its type in the world. The Balls Head Coal Loader complex is smaller in scale than Walsh Bay but is also representative of its type and is the only Coal Loading wharf remaining in Sydney Harbour and one of only two remnant Coal Loading wharves in NSW, the other being at Catherine Hill Bay.

The Walsh Bay Wharves comprise 9 wharves, 8 of which are finger wharves, with between one and two storey sheds. They are impressive timber constructions consisting of turpentine piles, iron-bark headstock and girders, and brush-box decking. The Balls Head Coal Loader wharf is also an impressive timber construction consisting of a hard wood pile and girder design. However, the integrity of the structure is severely compromised by its very poor physical condition. Neither historic complex is wholly dependent upon the wharf structure/s for its heritage significance but the wharves are very important elements without which the significance of both sites would be lessened.

The Balls Head Coal Loader wharf and Walsh Bay wharves utilised similar construction techniques for different purposes. The Walsh Bay wharves are a much better example of timber constructed wharves primarily due to their good condition but none were used for coal loading.

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State Heritage Register Nomination Form

C. Description

6. Existing place or object

Description: The Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf forms part of a wider former industrial site known as the Balls Head Coal Loader Complex. This includes the coal loader platform, adjacent reclaim tunnels, and the powerhouse now home to the Genia McCaffery Centre for Sustainability and several associated outbuildings. The setting of this former industrial complex has been enhanced with extensive landscaping works.

The former Coal Loader site is part of a group of related industrial sites on the Waverton Peninsula. The other sites on the western side of the Peninsula are Caltex and the cleared site of the former North Shore Gasworks to the north of the Coal Loader site, and HMAS Waterhen to the south. On the eastern side are the BP Site, the former Quarantine Station Launch Depot and Woodley’s Pty Ltd, Shipyard and Marine Engineers.

The monumental timber wharf extending out into the Harbour from the Coal Loader is a dominant element in the landscape, highly visible from the foreshore and the water in Gore Cove. The repeating, interlocking forms of the timber piles and bracing members present a dramatic vista.

The Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf consists of the timber wharf structure, the remains of the steel support structure for the elevated cable rail system, the steel framed support structure for the timber wharf, and the Pump Room.

Timber Wharf Structure The timber wharf structure is supported by timber piles and cross bracing. It measures approximately 169.8 metres long and 18.7 metres wide. The timber planks are predominantly diagonally laid with the exception of a horizontally laid square section close to the landside of the Wharf, a square laid section of timber deck, indicating the former location of the electric drive house for the continuous cable that hauled the coal skips from 1920—1976. The warping and deterioration of the timber planking along the length of the Wharf was clearly visible.

The steel support structure for the elevated cable rail system The steel support structure for the elevated cable rail system remains in situ along the length of the Wharf. The location of the supports for the gantry crane rails remain evident by the two rows of steel bases extending the length of the wharf. Sections of the steel supports for the elevated tramway are embossed, ‘HOSKINS’ indicating the steel is a product of the Hoskins Lithgow plant. The original Mead Morrison equipment was used until 1976 when a conveyor belt outloading system replaced the coal skips and continuous rope haulage system. The steel support structure along the wharf was maintained, and the skip haulage system replaced by an elevated conveyor belt which doubled the loading capacity to 1,000 ton per hour. All of the 1976 equipment has been removed.

Steel substructure A steel substructure with cross bracing supports the underside of the Wharf. This was added in 1976 when the site was given a major upgrade. Some elements of cross-bracing are missing, resulting in some sections being free- standing.

Pump Room Beneath the wharf is the bunkering fuel pump room, equipment, and pipes Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf. ♦ Last printed 26/05/2016 ♦ Page 7

State Heritage Register Nomination Form

operated by the Union Steam Ship Co and Caltex prior to the mid-1970s. The pump room is built out from the sea wall, beneath the Coal Loader wharf so the eastern wall is the large sandstone block sea wall. It has timber framing along the southern half, used for mounting equipment such as meters, some of which remain in situ. The other walls and roof are constructed from a sawn timber frame with galvanised iron cladding, which has rusted along the base. The floor is built up from the natural bedrock, and constructed from layers of large stones set in concrete, beneath a thick layer of concrete and aggregate mix with a thick finishing layer of concrete. The southwestern corner has dislodged, leaving a wide crack in the floor and gap below the wall. There are two timber wharf piers that pass through the concrete floor in the centre of the room and extend to the timber deck above. Originally, entry to the pumproom was through the door in the western wall, which was reached by a timber ramp built just above high tide level, but this has gone. A steel walkway and steps led from the former timber ramp to the wharf deck. The southern wall has a four-pane, double-sash timber window with views to the mooring dolphins and along the se a wall of the coal platform. Similar windows survive in part in the northern and western elevations.

The original pumping equipment, installed by the Union Steam Shipping Co, survives in situ. The pump was manufactured by Kinny MF C Co of Boston, Massachusetts, USA and it has No. 10 Walworth valves and associated steel pipes. Long sections of pipe are suspended and propped by timber and steel braces. The pipes enter the pump room from the storage tanks in the north eastern corner. They exit through the western wall and extend the length of the wharf. A General Electric induction motor, mounted on a concrete mounting block, is connected to the pump by an Apex brand belt.

Condition of fabric The Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf, in particular its timber components and/or archaeological appear to be in a very weathered and deteriorated state with substantial loss potential: of fabric evident.

A 2015 Condition Report prepared by Taylor Lauder Bersten found that the original timber wharf is in a poor condition as follows:

Timber Wharf Structure Between 80 and 90 percent of the timber piles supporting the wharf have failed or are missing. The remaining piles vary in condition but most are considered to be structurally insufficient with considerable deterioration in the tidal zone, and are near to failure. The condition of the girders and headstocks is considered to be poor. All girders and headstocks were heavily weathered, and a number of headstocks had large splits at the end. As most of the timber piles have failed or are structurally insufficient the headstocks can no longer support the girders. The deteriorated girders are not structurally sufficient to safely support the self weight of the timber decking structure. All wharf decking is heavily weathered. The decking appears to have collapsed in a number of locations. Most of the original vertical timber bracing members are missing, and the remaining members are unable to perform their intended function due to the failure of a connection at one end, or the failure of the connecting members.

Steel Substructure The steel piles forming the bracing frames are in satisfactory condition. There was no significant damage or corrosion above the tidal zone. However it was noted that for the bracing frame between grids 33 and 34, the connection of the central pile to the bracing frame had failed.

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ATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 14

State Heritage Register Nomination Form

The protective coating applied to the piles has failed in the tidal zone and as such the piles are corroding in this area. The loss of section due to corrosion is expected to increase over time.The bracing is considered to be in satisfactory condition. There was no significant damage or corrosion visible. The original steelwork drawings show a large steel beam running longitudinally down the centreline of the wharf to connect the steel bracing frames. This beam is missing from the shoreline to the frame between grids 39 and 40. We note that the removal of this beam has reduced the overall stability of the wharf in the longitudinal direction.

The steel support structure for the elevated cable rail system The steel conveyor frames above the deck are in satisfactory condition. The frames are corroding. The frames at the seaward end of the wharf have settled as a result of deformations of the timber wharf structure supporting them. The conveyor frames do not contribute to the load carrying capacity or stability of the wharf. The fender panels are located on the south side of the wharf in-line with every second steel bracing frame. The panels appear to be directly connected to the bracing frames and are in good condition.

The pump house The pump house structure appears to be in very poor condition, with the corrosion of corrugated cladding, and undermining of the concrete slab.

Integrity / intactness: The Coal Loader site retains a substantial array of buildings, structures and relics associated with its twentieth-century industrial use. While there has be en some modification of the landform and introduction of new vegetation, the overall site retains a high degree of integrity and the ability to demonstrate its historic function.

A significant proportion of fabric of the timber Wharf has been lost through erosion or having been removed or dislodged. Roads and Maritime carried out a $130,000 make safe program in 2011 which removed some 50 tonnes of wharf timber at critical locations where dislodgement was imminent, with follow-up work carried out in June 2012. There has been considerable loss of fabric including substantial timber members which have had to be retrieved from the water.

The timber components of the Balls Head Wharf are considered to have a low level of integrity and intactness whereas the steel sub-structure and the remains of the steel coal loader conveyor structure are considered to have a fair level of intactness and integrity.

Modifications Dates: 1976 The Cable Railway was replaced with a conveyor system consisting of remote-controlled bin gates, travelling feeders, reclaim converyors, two wharf conveyors and a travelling ship loader. The wharf was upgraded with the introduction of steel substructure

Date you inspected 16 May 2016 the place for this description: Current use*: Disused

Original or former Coal Loader Wharf use(s)*: Further comments:

Illustrations can be inserted as images in section J.

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* These details must be entered if you are basing the significance of the place or object on its past or present use.

D. Historical outline

7. Origins and historical evolution

Years of 1918 (start year) 1920 (finish year) construction*: Designer / architect*: F Ernest Stowe and Kay Macnichol Coy Maker/ builder: Sydney Coal Bunkering Company Historical outline of North Sydney Council website provides the following historical notes on the place or object: site: “It was first a place of physical and spiritual sustenance for Aboriginal Australians. The Cammeraygal people lived on the peninsula for thousands of years. Evidence of their presence, in the form of a large rock carving, still survives at the site, which was protected and celebrated as central element of the newly-built Coal Loader Centre for Sustainability.

The Waverton Coal Loader complex sits within what was once part of Alexander Berry’s north shore estate. Alexander Berry, a former naval surgeon turned merchant, had arrived in New South Wales via Van Diemen’s Land in 1808, aboard his ship City of Edinburgh with a cargo of spirits. Berry and Wollstonecraft started a business as general merchants, with Wollstonecraft managing the Sydney side of affairs from an office in George Street while Berry sailed back and forth to England buying and selling goods. When in Sydney, the partners’ ships would moor in the are a later named Berrys Bay. In the early 1820s Wollstonecraft received a grant of 500 acres on the North Shore, building a stone cottage which he named Crows Nest, with a wharf in the vicinity of present-day Wood Street. It is within this grant that the study site is situated.

Governor Brisbane granted Berry and Wollstonecraft 10,000 acres on the Shoalhaven River, which was cleared for timber and then cultivated, growing crops for the Sydney market. By 1828 the partners held 30,000 acres in Shoalhaven of which 1,200 were cleared and 650 cultivated. In 1824 Berry and Wollstonecraft had a sloop built to transport their produce from Shoalhaven to Sydney, where it was unloaded at the wharf in Berrys Bay, close to present day Wood Street. In 1827 Berry married Wollstonecraft’s sister Elizabeth, cementing his partnership with Wollstonecraft in the process.

In 1829 Berry and Wollstonecraft transferred their business to the Crows Nest property. Using convict labour a stone wharf and a stone warehouse of four floors had been constructed on the site by 1835, with a stone cottage sited between them. In December 1832 Edward Wollstonecraft died after a long illness. Following his death his sister Elizabeth inherited his land with Berry serving as his executor.

In 1853 Berry leased the site including the wharf and most of the store space to the P & O Company and the General Steam Screw Ship Company as a coaling depot. Each of these shipping companies began running steamers to Australia from England in the early 1850s, taking advantage of the high demand for goods in Sydney and the relatively low availability of reliable long distance steam ships at the time. As the ships were reliant on large amounts of coal to power their engines, both companies stockpiled coal on Berry’s property for use by their steamships. However this arrangement lasted less then two years, although the bay was used for ship repairs.

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Alexander Berry died in 1873 and David Berry, his brother, managed his property in Sydney. From October 1877, most of the shore facilities were leased to the newly formed NSW Torpedo Corps as a depot. The NSW Torpedo Corps operated as part of the defence of Sydney from Berrys Bay from 1877 to 1889 when they were removed to Middle Head.

Following David Berry’s death in 1889, the Berry Estate was subdivided into thirteen blocks and advertised for sale from February 1895. The land was initially offered for leasehold which, along with its isolation from the ferry terminal at Milsons Point, made it unpopular with the public.

In 1906, an agreement was reached between the State Government and the Berry Estate, exchanging the foreshore land for the construction of a thirty bed hospital in the town of Berry, within the Shoalhaven estate. Now in control of the estate, the state government was confronted with the problem of how to gain the highest return for the land. The Government was approached by an English company wanting to develop the site for industrial use. The company wanted to duplicate Darling Harbour, building wharves and a manufacturing complex on the site. However, the government was hesitant to grant the desired 99 year lease and the proposal lapsed.

The western portion of the former Berry Estate was leased to the Sydney Coal Bunkering Company, a subsidiary of the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand, who negotiated a 35-year lease from the Government in three separate sections. The original lease was for a parcel equalling 2 acres 1 rood 26 perches, for 35 years from 1 October 1913. Following this, on 1 October 1917, the Company added a further 2 roods 2 perches, leased for 30 years, and then on 1 October 1918 leased a further 1 acre 1 rood 13 perches for 30 years. The three leases make up the site of the Coal Loading facility along the western shoreline of the Balls Head peninsula.

Although mechanical coal loading systems for the NSW export trade had been established in Newcastle by the end of last century, the port of Sydney lacked modern facilities for rapid handling of the large quantities of coal fuel required by the many big ships using the port in the early years of this century. The Coal Loading facility was built mainly to serve the coal bunkering needs of the passenger and cargo ships of the Union Steam Ship Company. Coal hulks had been operating in the area for many years, taking advantage of sheltered waters an good anchorages, so the site was familiar; more-over foreshore Crown land was available on a long lease.

An article published in the Examiner in February 1917, p6 describes the proposal: Half a million sterling is the amount which the Union Company proposes to spend In transforming Ball's Head, Sydney 'Harbour, into the greatest bunkering station south of the line…. Two large Jetties are provided for. These will be 520tt. and 480ft. long, giving ample accommodation for ships of the maximum tonnage likely to go to Sydney. There will be a depth of 30ft. alongside the wharf at low-water springs, while the jetties will give a depth of 60ft. It will thus be seen that deep-draughted ships will have no difficulty in securing berthing space. There is something entirely new about the whole thing. For instance, two colliers will be discharged, while three, or perhaps four large steamers are taking in bunkers. The coal is to be taken from the colliers by mechanical grabs, and then sent along the frontage to the belts. This stack, by means of rubber-conveying machinery, will be driven by electric power. ..No waste, or practically none, can occur..

Work began on the construction of the coal loader in 1917, with extensive

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clearing of bush and stone quarrying to level the site. A 1919 report on the construction of the facility explained the process of construction: Extraordinary difficulties have been encountered, and are being overcome. In the first place, the Balls Head was anticipated to have a solid rock basis for the necessary tunnelling. It has turned out otherwise, and an amazing amount of packing and concrete facing has had to be done. Stone quarried at a considerable distance and carted to make up the deficiencies of nature.

There was some public objection to what was seen as a disfigurement of the Harbour foreshores, but the project went ahead. The work, while seen by some as a great leap forward for the city in terms of industry, was lamented by others who mourned the loss of Sydney’s natural environment. Henry Lawson was inspired to write in protest on the subject in his poem ‘The Sacrifice of Balls Head’, in part: They’re taking it, the shipping push, As all the rest must go The only spoof cliff and bush That harbour people know,The spirit of the past is dead,North Sydney has no soul,The State is cutting down Balls Head to make a wharf for coal.

With the land prepared, a wharf was built into Balls Head Bay between 1918 and 1920. Designed and built by the joint engineers F Ernest Stowe and Kay MacNichol Coy, the wharf measured 169.8m long by 18.7m wide, consisting of timber piles driven into the harbour bed with cross bracing for lateral support and a timber decking.

An article in the Sydney Morning Herald in May 1919 describes the installation of the machinery: Machinery and material supplied by the Mead-Morrison Company, contracting engineers of Chicago, has been stored on the site for some considerable time, but it is only recently that the actual construction of the surface gear has been taken in hand by Mr Frank Skinner, who has been supervising this part of the work. During the past two and a half years, however, other extensive operations have been carried out, and a sum of over £60,000 has already been expended in connection with the construction of foundations, retaining walls, and tunnels. .. Mr. P. L. McCain, engineer, representing the contracting firm mentioned above, arrived by the last American mail steamer, and is now busily engaged on the site supervising the erection of the machinery and surface gear. When seen at work a few days ago he confirmed the opinion that, when finished it would doubtless be the most efficient big coal handling plant south of the line.

Progress on the wharf was described in the Sydney Morning Herald, 30 January 1920: The Jetty which may be seen jutting out from the side of the head will be carried out double the distance it has now reached. At that point there wiII be a depth of over 40ft of water, with berthage for the largest vessel the imagination can contemplate being likely to visit these waters.

With the completion of the wharf, work could begin on the coal loading facility with the erection of an electric powered cable railway in 1920.

The wharf was built to enable the unloading and loading of ships holds from above, regardless of the tide level. The company ships would moor at the wharf for refuelling – ‘bunkering’ – and coal was delivered from the coal platform to their bunkers via the skips that were connected into a continuous rope haulage system, along an elevated tramway built on top of the existing steel framework to two travelling elevator delivery gantries.

The cableway was equipped by Mead Morrison of Chicago, which also

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supplied both the San Francisco cable tramway and the North Shore Gas Company’s Oyster Cove works. Power was electric from the start; initially 450V DC, converted on-site from public AC mains, but in later years runs on standard 415V 3-phase power from the SCC ring mains. The cable railway was designed to deliver 700 tons of coal per hour. With the Coal Loader in operation, coal could be transferred directly from stockpile into the ships bunkers, via a system of two tunnels, chutes, travelling coal hoppers, an elevated railway on the jetty and two travelling elevator delivery gantries. Thirty-three hoppers were situated within tunnels below the coal stockpile, with the cable railway hauling them along the elevated track on the wharf.

The delivery of coal to the waiting ships was a highly mechanised process. The delivery gantries could be positioned alongside the receiving ship’s bunker chutes. As the coal wagon approached, a trip on the gantry would trigger the coal wagon to tip its coal into the receiving hopper under the track attached to the elevator gantry. The empty wagon would proceed to the end of the track where it turned on a balloon loop and was diverted back along a parallel track toward the tunnels beneath the stockpile. On this return, a second trip would close the wagon’s flaps, allowing it to fill with coal again automatically. And so the process would continue. The cable speed was three miles per hour, which allowed each wagon to cover the route of the railway five times per hour. This method of bunkering revolutionised the process that previously had been done by hand labour.

In 1934, the Balls Head Coal Loader was taken over by the Wallarah Coal Company which also owned the Catherine Hill Bay colliery, and for many years delivered that pit’s coal to Ball’s Head. The operation was taken over by J & A Brown and Abermain Seaham Colliers in 1957 and this company in 1960 became a subsidiary of Coal & Allied Industries.

With the gradual retirement of coal-burning steamers, the original bunkering purpose of the plant was reduced. In its place, large quantities of coal in bulk carriers began to be loaded for export to Asia and to Europe.

In 1964, the site suffered the slump in the coal industry, and the Coal Loader was taken out of service and remained dormant until 1974 when it was recommissioned as a coal export facility.

In 1976 with the need to achieve a quicker turn around of larger vessels using the wharf, the cable railway was replaced with a conveyor system consisting of remote-controlled bin gates, travelling feeders, reclaim conveyors, two wharf conveyors and a travelling ship loader. This system had a capacity of 2,000 tonnes per hour. (Gregory Blaxell, Waverton Coal Loader, Afloat Magazine, August 2007) The wharf was upgraded at this time and steel substructure introduced. The work carried at by Malco Industries of Adeleide was recognised in an Institute of Engineers award.The rejuvenated coal export facility continued to operate until 21 May 1992, when the Sunny Success was the last ship to be loaded. With the lapse of the operating licence, the Government did not renew the lease and the plant closed.

When the lease was terminated, Coal and Allied took steps to remove the wharf in accordance with the conditions of the lease which required removal of any structure prior to termination. Following liason with the NSW Heritage Office, Coal and Allied denied responsibility for removal of the wharf and were subsequently taken to court by Waterways Authority of NSW for breach of contract. From 1994 until judgment in the NSW Supreme Court was handed down in 2005, plans to demolish the Wharf were on hold and no maintenance activities were undertaken to the deteriorating timber wharf.

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(RPS)

The site was dedicated as public open space in 1997 and formally transferred to North Sydney Council in 2003. Council worked with stakeholders to prepare plans for the site's transformation into the Coal Loader Centre for Sustainability. The project was funded by a $1.87 million grant from the Australian Government, $860,000 from the NSW Government and $3 million from North Sydney Council. (North Sydney Council website) The Council has since redeveloped some of the administrative buildings into the ‘Genia McCaffery Centre for Sustainability’, which opened in 2011, providing community gardens, a native bush nursery as well as a public education facility for sustainable technology and practice.

In 2011, The Roads and Maritime Services agency of the NSW Government became responsible for the management of the Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf, and carried out a $130,000 make safe program, which removed some 50 tonnes of wharf timber at critical locations where dislodgement was imminent, with follow-up work carried out in June 2012.

In September 2015 the removal of the Balls Head Coal Loader wharf was proposed by Roads and Maritime Services. The objectives of the proposal being to remove high risk to public safety and navigation, to minimise environmental impacts, to manage heritage values, and to ensure capital costs and recurrent future maintenance costs meet budget requirements

* These details must be entered (as shown in the guideline) if you are basing the significance of the place or object on its architectural or technical qualities or its historical period of construction.

Historical maps, photographs or other illustrations that help to explain the history of the place can be inserted in section J.

8. Historical themes represented

National theme(s): 3. Developing local, regional, national economies Select one or more of 1-9.

New line for each selected. State theme(s): Within National themes 1-3: 3. Industry Select one or more for 3. Mining each above selected National theme 1-9. 3. Technology

New line for each selected. Within National themes 4-9:

E. Criteria

9. Assessment under Heritage Council criteria of state significance

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A. It is important in The Coal Loader site along with the nearby BP and Caltex sites represent the course or pattern the realised early twentieth century ambitions to develop the Waverton of the cultural or Peninsula as an industrial area, and the importance of Sydney Harbour’s natural history of working waterfront during the twentieth century. NSW.

The Coal Loader site survives as a substantially intact group of buildings and structures that were purpose designed to transfer coal. It is significant as one of the first large scale shore based coal loading facilities in Sydney Harbour, illustrating the importance of coal as a fuel for the maritime industry during the first half of the twentieth century. The site also reflects the 1970s expansion of the export coal industry, which outgrew the capacity of the site by the mid 1980s.

The Wharf is assessed to make a high contribution to the historical significance of the overall Coal Loader site as an integral part of the coal loading process and complex, adapted in the 1970’s to accommodate changes in the industry.

The Balls Head Coal Loader wharf is historically significant as a key component of the one of the first and longest operating shore based coal loading facilities in Sydney Harbour (operating from c.1920 to 1964 then from 1974 to 1992) described at the time as the Greatest Bunkering Scheme in the southern hemisphere. The existing wharf structure functions as a visual marker, that provides connections to the historical development of the site through its landmark qualities. Together with the shore structures, the wharf has the ability to tell the story of 20thCentury historical developments in Coal bunkering.

The Coal Loader wharf and associated structures within its industrial complex provide evidence of the nature and extent of coal bunkering in the early-mid twentieth century and its importance to shipping and working life in Sydney Harbour. The Coal Loader site is significant for its ability to demonstrate the practise of coal bunkering in the early twentieth century through the extant Coal Loader wharf with its remnant Hoskins steel frame and associated site buildings, walls and work areas. The site also represents the transfer from coal to oil fuel for shipping during the first half of the century through the pumping equipment.

The scale and prominence of the coal loader wharf means that it is a major maritime and industrial landmark in Waverton Peninsula and Sydney Harbour signifying the industrialisation of this once natural piece of headland in the early-mid twentieth century. The steel unloading structure, which remains in situ on the Coal Loader wharf, is a rare example of steel from the ‘HOSKINS’ Lithgow works. The Lithgow iron and steel works were the first commercial works in Australia. The pump room, equipment, associated pipes and fuel tank store sites represent the emergence of oil as a maritime fuel.

The Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf demonstrates the State Historical Themes of Industry (coal transport and ship bunkering) and Technology (the Coal Loader and pump house).The wharf is assessed to have State historical significance.

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B. It has a strong or The Coal Loader site is significant for its association with influential people special association and companies concerned with coastal and international shipping and the with the life or works coal industry, including the Union Steam Ship Company, Wallarah Coal of a person, or group Company, J&A Brown and Abermain Seaham Collieries and Coal and Allied of persons of Industries. The Coal Loader site is significant for its historic association with importance in the cultural or natural an internationally renowned Mead-Morrison Company of Chicago, who history of NSW. supllied and installed the cutting edge machinery in 1920.

The wharf has historic association with engineer Francis Ernest Stowe and Kay MacNichol Coy. Stowe who was an engineer and architect, submitted plans for a radical three way bridge across the harbour in 1922.

The Coal Loader site is significant for its historic association with the development of coal as an export industry and as the second largest export facility of Coal and Allied.

The Wharf also has a significant association with the engineering firm of Malco Industries of Adelaide which received an Institute of Engineers’ award for their work to upgrade the Coal and Allied site in1976.

The Wharf is assessed to make a moderate contribution to the associative values of the Coal Loader site as an integral part of the coal loading process.

C. It is important in The Waverton Peninsula, including the industrial sites, is typical of the demonstrating combination of original topography, modified landforms and industrial relics aesthetic which formerly characterised much of Sydney Harbour. The Coal Loader site characteristics and/or is a major maritime and industrial landmark of Waverton Peninsula and a high degree of Sydney Harbour. creative or technical achievement in NSW. The Coal Loader Wharf is a dramatic, visually prominent harbourside industrial icon, that effectively communicates the industrial use of the site. The Coal Loader wharf and shows evidence of a defunct industrial process. The timber structure of the Coal Loader wharf is aesthetically distinctive , has a majestic quality in its timber supporting structures, and is outstanding because of its size. The Coal Loader wharf provides opportunities for fine views to Balmain, Long Nose Point, Cockatoo Island and Woolwich.

The timber wharf and surviving steel support structure embody technical significance as rare evidence of the early-mid twentieth century practice of coal bunkering of ships. The timber structure has the ability to demonstrate a particular technology. The wharf and pump house offer major opportunities for interpretation of the coal loading operation. The Coal loader site demonstrates early to mid twentieth-century oil bunkering technique, through the surviving pump room equipment and associated pipes, wharf and rock excavations and remnant ladder associated with the two fuel storage tanks. The Coal Loader site is significant for its remnant equipment manufactured by Mead Morrison of Chicago which was purchased by the Union Steam Shipping Company and installed in the 1920s. This equipment dates to early 1900s and includes a travelling feeder which survives on original tracks and timber frames and original bin gates in reclaim tunnel No. 1. In situ is the pump room equipment located beneath the wharf, including a pump manufactured by Kinny, USA, connected via a belt to a General Electric Motor.

The technical innovation of the 1976 upgrade works by Malco Industries of Adelaide which included the introduction of the structural sub-structure is

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recognised in an Institute of Engineers’ award.

D. It has strong or The Waverton Peninsula represents an important link between the past and special association present for the Aboriginal Community, and is associated with Aboriginal use with a particular of the area. The site has contemporary values for Aboriginal people, community or cultural particularly arising from its proximity to a major engraving site. group in NSW for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. The Coal Loader site is held in high esteem by the local community and has become a significant community Asset, providing a valuable local opportunity for enjoyment of natural, Aboriginal and historic resources. This community appreciation of the ‘working harbour’ and its vestiges is evidenced in the redevelopment of site by North Sydney Council as the Coal Loader Centre for Sustainability, following long-term community action.

The Wharf is assessed to make a moderate-high contribution to the social value of the Coal Loader site by virtue of its visual prominence and the resultant role it plays in public awareness of the site and its contribution to sense of place.

E. It has potential to The extensive array of surviving buildings, structures, works and landform yield information that modifications on the Coal Loader site provide an extraordinary opportunity to will contribute to an investigate and understand the operations of this major industrial site, using understanding of the physical evidence as the basis for investigation. cultural or natural history of NSW. The wharf itself displays construction technologies and available materials for its time, and can provide information that complements the documentary resources. Similarly, the surviving plant and equipment, especially the operating elements associated with the Mead Morrison equipment have potential to contribute to an understanding of the operations of this site and to maritime industrial technologies generally.

F. It possesses The Coal Loader site is significant as one of the few surviving shore based uncommon, rare or coal loading facilities in Sydney Harbour, that provides rare evidence of coal endangered aspects bunkering in the early-mid twentieth century. The Wharf is assessed to make of the cultural or a moderate to high contribution to the rarity value of the Coal Loader site by natural history of virtue of the important role it played in the coal loading process and its NSW. physical attributes, in particular, the remaining steel support structures for the former coal loader.

Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf forms an important part of one of the oldest and few surviving coal handling facilities in Sydney Harbour and it is understood to be one of the few traditional coal loading wharves remaining in NSW. The Coal Loader wharf, together with the steel support structure for the elevated coal conveyor, is rare evidence of the early twentieth-century practise of coal bunkering of ships. The remaining steel support structures for the former coal loader are a rare example of steel from the Hoskins Lithgow steel works.

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G. It is important in The Waverton Peninsula industrial sites are typical of the combination of demonstrating the original topography, modified landforms and industrial relics which formerly principal characterised much of Sydney Harbour. They are representative of the use characteristics of a of the Harbour foreshore for industrial maritime activities for over a century. class of cultural or The Coal Loader site demonstrates early to mid twentieth century coal natural places/ environments in NSW. handling technology and practices through in situ structures and remnant equipment.

The Coal Loader site represents the process of handling coal for ship bunkering through the in situ survival of the Coal Loader platform, remnant steel equipment and infrastructure, including the high level industrial timber wharf, with Hoskins steel ‘unloading’ framework, pump room equipment. The Wharf is assessed to make a high contribution to the representativeness of the Coal Loader site as a key component of the coal loading process.

Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf is representative of coal loading wharves built along the NSW coast during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, of which few survive.

F. Listings

10. Existing heritage listings

Check one box for each of the following listings: Listed Not listed Local environmental plan (LEP) - heritage item (call the local council to confirm) Regional environmental plan (REP) - heritage item (call the local council to confirm) LEP - Conservation area (call the local council to confirm) Draft LEP - Draft heritage item (call the local council to confirm) Draft LEP - Draft conservation area (call the local council to confirm) State Heritage Register (search the register at www.heritage.nsw.gov.au) National Trust register (call the National Trust to confirm) Aboriginal heritage information management system (by Dept. of Environment & Conservation) th Royal Australian Institute of Architects Register of 20 Century Architecture (call the RAIA) National shipwreck database (search maritime.heritage.nsw.gov.au/public/welcome.cfm) Engineers Australia list (call Engineers Australia to confirm) National Heritage List (search Australian Heritage Database www.deh.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl) Commonwealth Heritage List (search above Australian Heritage Database) Register of the National Estate (search above Australian Heritage Database) NSW agency heritage and conservation section 170 register (call owner or occupier Agency) Other listings:

G. Photograph

11. Image 1

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Principal photograph of place or object:

Subject of photo: Coal Loader Wharf Date of photo: 16 May 2016 Photographer: Jennifer Hill Copyright holder: Architectural Projects Pty Ltd

Include additional photographs and images in section J.

If possible, please also provide a high resolution, publication-quality copy of this image saved to disk (or as non- digital prints) with the signed hard-copy of the nomination form.

H. Author

12. Primary author of this form

Your name: Ms Jennifer (first) Hill (family) Organisation: Architectural Projects Position: Director Daytime phone 02 8303 1700 number: Fax number: Postal address: Studio 1/ 181 Lawson Street (street address or postal box) Darlington (suburb or town) NSW (state) 2008 (post code) Email address: [email protected] Date form completed: 24th May 2016

13. References used for completing this form

Repository / Year Author Title Publisher location published Great Coaling The Sydney Friday 30 1. Balls Head Page 6 Depot Morning Herald Jan, 1920 Friday 16 Great Bunkering 2. The Examiner Page 6 February Scheme 1917 Coal Handling Saturday Balls Head American Engineer The Sydney 3. Page 18 10 May Bunkering Arrives Morning Herald 1919 Scheme Balls Head Coal National Trust,North Aug 15 4. P Tranter Loader Sydney 1992 CLOUSTON Waverton Peninsula North Sydney Volume 1 and 5. Landscape Strategic March1999 Council Volume 2 Architects, Urban Masterplan Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf. ♦ Last printed 26/05/2016 ♦ Page 19

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Designers, Landscape Planners Waverton Coal August 6. Gregory Blaxell Afloat Magazine Loader 2007 The Sacrifice Of 7. Henry Lawson 1916 Balls Head The Balls Head Trolly Wire December 8. Ken McCarthy pp8 -18 Coal Loader Magazine 1975 RPS Australia Statement Of Balls Head Coal August 9. East Pty Ltd Heritage Impact Loader Wharf 2015 Roads And Statement Of Balls Head Coal August 10. Maritime Service Heritage Impact Loader Wharf 2015 EJE Enviroplan Heritage Wharf At The Balls In Association Assessment Of The 11. Head Coal Handling 1993 With Peter Unloading Gantry Facilites Fenwick Crane Sydney Report on Existing Coal Gutteridge Balls Head Coal Loader Platform North Sydney November 12. Haskins and Loading Facility at with Regard to Re- Council 1994 Davey Pty Ltd Waverton Usage as Public Open Space

14. Signed by author

Author (sign and print name) Dated

15. Signed by copyright holder(s) of image(s)

Image copyright holder (sign and print name) Dated

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Signing 14 and 15 confirms the author of this form and copyright holder(s) of images give permission for the Heritage Branch to use non-confidential information and images entered in this form for any purpose related to processing the nomination. Possible uses include (but are not limited to) publication on the Heritage Branch website, newsletter, reports or other publications. The author of the form, image copyright holder(s) and photographer(s) will be acknowledged when published.

I. Nominator

16. Nominator to be contacted by Heritage Branch

Name: (first) (family) Organisation: Position in organisation: Daytime phone

number: Fax number: Postal address: (street address or postal box) (suburb or town) (state) (post code) Email address:

Alternate contact (first) (family) name: Position in

organisation: Daytime phone

number: Fax number: Postal address: Email address:

17. Reasons for nomination

Background or reasons for nomination:

18. Form signed by nominator for submitting

Nominator (sign and print name) Dated

CHECKLIST Spell check your form - double click here (or F7)

Before submitting this form, check that you have: completed all yellow sections, and other sections marked as essential. completed blue sections wherever possible.

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explained why the place or object is state significant in the statement of state significance. explained how one or more of the criterion has been fulfilled for listing. inserted photographs, maps and other illustrations as digital or scanned images. acknowledged all sources and references you used. signed and dated this form. obtained the nominator’s and image copyright holders’ signatures. if possible, attached a disk (or non-digital prints) for posting select image/s of high resolution, suitable for publication.

TO SUBMIT THIS NOMINATION:

Post all of the following: Addressed to: 1. a signed hard-copy of the form; The Director Heritage Branch 2. an electronic copy of the completed NSW Department of Planning form saved to disk (unless you prefer to Locked Bag 5020 email it separately); and Parramatta NSW 2124 3. other attachments, such as high- resolution copies of photographs If an electronic copy of the form is suitable for publication. not posted, email it instead to:

[email protected]

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J. Additional photographs, maps or other images

Image 2

Photograph or other image:

Outloading jetty, Balls Head Coal Loader, Waverton. Subject of image:

Date of image: 9 January 1953 Photographer or author: Stanton Library Copyright holder: Stanton Library LH REF PF2463

Image 3

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Photograph or other image:

Subject of image: High Adventure docked at coal loading wharf. Date of image: 1940's Photographer or author: North Sydney Heritage Centre Copyright holder: North Sydney Heritage Centre, PF 1165

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Image 4

Photograph or other image:

Subject of image: Ship docked at wharf, Balls Head Coal Loader, Waverton. Date of image: Pre 1970 Photographer or author: Stanton Library Copyright holder: Stanton Library LH REF CT 13/6

Image 5

Photograph or other image:

Subject of image: Balls Head Coal Loader Date of image: 2015 Photographer or author: Copyright holder: Roads and Maritime Services

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Image 6

Photograph or other image:

Subject of image: Balls Head Coal Loader Date of image: 2015 Photographer or author: Copyright holder: Roads and Maritime Services

Image 7

Photograph or other image:

Subject of image: Date of image: Photographer or author: Copyright holder:

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Image 8

Photograph or other image:

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1650 - Balls Head, Coal Loader Wharf, Waverton Heritage Assessment May 2016 Architectural ProjectsATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 37

Architectural Projects Pty Ltd.-,ABN 78 003 526 823,-. www.architecturalprojects.net.au tel +61 (0)2 9319 1122,-,fax +61 (0)2 9319 1128.-,[email protected] the Foundry, Studio 1/181 Lawson Street, Darlington NSW Australia 2008

Document

Project: Balls Head, Coal Loader Wharf, Waverton

Project No: 1650

Document Control

Version Date Document Heritage Impact Statement [EG ONLY]

1 Status DRAFT

Jennifer Hill Author Director, Registered Architect 4811

Elizabeth Gibson Veriﬁcation Associate, Senior Consultant

DRAFT

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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND ...... 1 1.2. SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION ...... 1 1.3. AUTHORSHIP...... 1 1.4. LIMITATIONS ...... 1 1.5. METHODOLOGY ...... 1 1.6. TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS ...... 1 1.7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... 2 1.8. EXTENT OF SEARCHES ...... 2 1.9. COPYRIGHT ...... 3

2. HISTORICAL DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS ...... 4 2.1. TIMELINE OF THE AREA ...... 4 2.2. HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE AREA ...... 4 2.3. SITE AND BUILDING TIMELINE ...... 4 2.4. HISTORY OF THE SITE AND BUILDING ...... 4 2.5. HISTORY OF THE CLIENT ...... 4 2.6. HISTORY OF THE ARCHITECT...... 4 2.7. SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS ...... 4 2.8. RELEVANT HISTORICAL THEMES ...... 4

3. PHYSICAL ANALYSIS ...... 7 3.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA ...... 7 3.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE & SETTING ...... 7 3.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING ...... 7 3.4. INTERIOR ...... 7 3.5. OTHER ASPECTS OF SITE – WHICH PERIOD ...... 8 3.6. PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT ...... 8 3.7. HISTORY OF GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS & A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STYLE AND BUILDING TYPE ...... 8 3.8. SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL ANALYSIS ...... 8

4. ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE ...... 9 4.1. GENERAL ...... 9 4.2. CRITERION A – HISTORICAL EVOLUTION...... 9 4.3. CRITERION B – HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS ...... 9 4.4. CRITERION C – AESTHETICDRAFT VALUES ...... 9 4.5. CRITERION D – SOCIAL VALUE ...... 10 4.6. CRITERION E – TECHNICAL/RESEARCH VALUE ...... 10 4.7. CRITERION F – RARITY ...... 11 4.8. CRITERION G – REPRESENTATIVENESS ...... 11 4.9. INTACTNESS ...... 11 4.10. LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 11 4.11. GRADING OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 12 4.12. DEFINING HERITAGE CURTILAGE ...... 13 4.13. SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 13

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5. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ...... 14 5.1. GENERAL ...... 14 5.2. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLACE ...... 14 5.3. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ITEMS IN THE VICINITY ...... 14 5.4. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE CONDITION OF THE PLACE ...... 14 5.5. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM PROPERTY OWNERSHIP ...... 14 5.6. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES WHICH IMPACT UPON DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS ...... 15 5.7. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM HERITAGE PLANNING REQUIREMENTS ...... 15 5.8. OTHER STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS ...... 16

6. STATEMENT OF CONSERVATION POLICY ...... 17 6.1. REVIEW OF THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT POLICIES ...... 18 6.2. REQUIRED APPROVALS FOR STATE HERITAGE ITEMS ...... 18 6.3. CONSERVATION OF BUILDING FABRIC ...... 18 6.4. INTERVENTION ...... 20 6.5. SETTING – URBAN DESIGN ...... 21 6.6. EXTERIOR ...... 21 6.7. INTERIOR ...... 22 6.8. TENANCY FITOUT GUIDELINES ...... 22 6.9. SIGNAGE AND EXTERNAL LIGHTING ...... 22 6.10. ORDINANCE COMPLIANCE ...... 23 6.11. INTEGRATION OF SERVICES ...... 23 6.12. INTERPRETATION ...... 23 6.13. FUTURE USE ...... 24 6.14. ASSET MANAGEMENT ...... 24 6.15. ARCHAEOLOGY MONITORING ...... 24 6.16. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR...... 25 6.17. APPROPRIATE SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE ...... 25

7. IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY ...... 26 7.1. MANAGEMENT PROCESSES ...... 26 7.2. REVIEW OF THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT POLICY ...... 26 7.3. CONSERVATION WORKS ...... 26 7.4. MAINTENANCE WORKS ...... 26

8. IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY ...... 28 8.1. MANAGEMENT PROCESSESDRAFT ...... 28 8.2. REVIEW OF THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT POLICY ...... 28 8.3. CONSERVATION WORKS ...... 28 8.4. MAINTENANCE WORKS ...... 28

9. STATEMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT ...... 30 9.1. THE PROPOSAL ...... 30 9.2. SIGNIFICANCE (STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE) ...... 30 9.3. ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT ...... 30 9.4. ALTERNATE ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT USING THE NSW HERITAGE OFFICE GUIDELINES ...... 30 9.5. MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 31

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9.6. OPTIONS ...... 31 9.7. CONCLUSION...... 31

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 32

11. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ...... 33

12. LIST OF APPENDICES ...... 34 APPENDIX A HISTORIC TITLE ...... 34 APPENDIX B INSERT NAME OF DOCUMENT ...... 34 APPENDIX C INSERT NAME OF DOCUMENT ...... 34 APPENDIX A HISTORIC TITLE ...... 35

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND The Site of Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf, Waverton is currently the subject of a Assessment Report. Architectural Projects were commissioned by North Sydney Council to prepare this Heritage Assessment in April 2016.

1.2. SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION The Assessment relates to a study area deﬁned by the Balls Head, Coal Loader, Waverton, with speciﬁc focus on the wharf. The site is located on the western side of Balls Head Drive.

1.3. AUTHORSHIP The report has been prepared by a team consisting of the following key members: Jennifer Hill – Architectural Projects Pty Ltd – Heritage Architect Elizabeth Gibson – Architectural Projects Pty Ltd – Heritage Architect Irene Pabustan - Architectural Projects Pty Ltd - Architect Alexandra Hill - Architectural Projetcs Pty Ltd - Administration

1.4. LIMITATIONS A time frame of 4 weeks was established for the preparation of the report. Access was given to the site and Council records held by council. No physical intervention was undertaken to prepare this report. No historical archaeological work other than the site surveys provided herein was commissioned for the report. The wharf was viewed from the water on 16th May 2016.

1.5. METHODOLOGY The Assessment has been prepared in accordance with the methodology outlined in, The Conservation Management Plan by Dr James Semple Kerr (6th Edition 2004). The report complies with the principles of the Australian ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Signiﬁcance (the Burra Charter) and its Guidelines. The methodology used in the evaluation of the place is that recommended by the Heritage Branch of the Ofﬁce of Environment and Heritage.

It seeks to identify from documentary and physical evidence any historic aesthetic social and technological values of each component building and to determine their level of representatives or rarity by comparison with other identiﬁed examples. The analysis also looks at the overall character of the adjoining area to determine if the buildings and the site development pattern contribute to a characteristic grouping or cohesive streetscape that is unique or of sufﬁcient importance to require protection.

1.6. TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS The terms fabric, place, preservation,DRAFT reconstruction, restoration, adaptation and conservation used throughout this report have the meaning given them in Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Signiﬁcance (Burra Charter).

The terminology used to described building styles follows the nomenclature set out in Apperly, R., Irving, R. and Reynolds, P. A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture, 1989.

In order to achieve a consistency in approach and understanding of the meaning of conservation by all those involved a standardised terminology for conservation processes and related actions should be adopted. The terminology in the Burra Charter is a suitable basis for this. Article 1 of the Burra Charter gives the following

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deﬁnitions:

Place means site, area, building or other work, group of buildings or other works together with associated contents and surround.

Cultural signiﬁcance means aesthetic, historic, scientiﬁc or social value for past, present or future generations.

Fabric means all the physical material of the place.

Conservation means all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural signiﬁcance. It includes maintenance and may, according to circumstance include preservation, restoration, reconstruction and adaptation and will be commonly a combination of more than one of these.

Maintenance means the continuous protective care of the fabric, contents and setting of a place, and it is to be distinguished from repair. Repair involves restoration and reconstruction and it should be treated accordingly.

Preservation means maintaining the fabric of a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration.

Restoration means returning the existing fabric of a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing components without the introduction of new material.

Reconstruction means returning a place as nearly as possible to a known earlier state and is distinguished by the introduction of materials (new or old) into the fabric. This is not to be confused with either recreation or conjectural reconstruction, which are outside the scope of the Burra Charter.

Adaptation means modifying a place to suit propped compatible uses.

Compatible use means a use, which involves no change to the culturally signiﬁcant fabric, changes that are substantially reversible, or changes which require a minimal impact.

1.7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS North Sydney Council North Sydney Local Studies Library

1.8. EXTENT OF SEARCHES Information searches have occurred with the following organisations: The Mitchell Library: DRAFT Land and property information Trove, National Library of Australian Local Studies Library Council Archives Commonwealth archives Australian Heritage Council National Trust of Australia (NSW) Heritage Council of NSW NSW State Heritage Inventory Engineering Heritage Australia

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1.9. COPYRIGHT This report is copyright of Architectural Projects Pty Ltd and was prepared speciﬁcally for the owners of the site. It shall not be used for any other purpose and shall not be transmitted in any form without the written permission of the authors.

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2. HISTORICAL DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS 2.1. TIMELINE OF THE AREA YEAR TEXT 1819 Edward Wollstonecraft and Alexander Berry form partnership 1825 Grant of 500 acres on North Shore to Wollstonecraft 1827 Marraige Alexander Berry to Elizabeth Wollstonecraft 1832 Death of Wollstonecraft, Berry is executor 1853 Berry leaded land to PDO and General steam screw ship co as calling depot 1875 Alexander Berry dies, property managed by David Berry 1889 David Berry dies. Berry Estate subdivided into 13 blocks 1895 Berry estate offered for sale as leasehold 1906 Exchange of land state government 1913 Lease of land on point of Berry Estate to Sydney Coal Bunkering company 1917 Second Lease, [Work on construction of Coal loader commences 1918 Third Lease. [Construction of wharf commences 1920 Wharf complete and electric powered cable railway elected 1934 Wolloarah Coal company take over the site 1957 J&A Brown and Abermain Seaham Colliers take over site 1964 Coal Loader taken out of service 1974 Recommissioned as coal export facility 1976 Cable Railway replaced with caveyor system 1992 Coal Expert facility ceased to operate, lease not renewed 1994-2005 Court action regarding remand of wharf 1997 Site dedicated as public open space 2003 Site transferred to North Sydney Council 2011 Make safe program carried out at wharf, Genia Mccaftrey centre for sustainability opens on coal loader site

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2.2. HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE AREA North Sydney Council website provides the following historical notes on the site: “It was ﬁrst a place of physical and spiritual sustenance for Aboriginal Australians. The Cammeraygal people lived on the peninsula for thousands of years.

The Waverton Coal Loader complex sits within what was once part of Alexander Berry’s North Shore Estate. Alexander Berry, a former naval surgeon turned merchant, had arrived in New South Wales via Van Diemen’s Land in 1808, aboard his ship City of Edinburgh with a cargo of spirits. Berry and Wollstonecraft started a business as general merchants, with Wollstonecraft managing the Sydney side of affairs from an ofﬁce in George Street while Berry sailed back and forth to England buying and selling goods. When in Sydney, the partners’ ships would moor in the are a later named Berrys Bay. In the early 1820s Wollstonecraft received a grant of 500 acres on the North Shore, building a stone cottage which he named Crows Nest, with a wharf in the vicinity of present-day Wood Street. It is within this grant that the study site is situated.

In 1829 Berry and Wollstonecraft transferred their business to the Crows Nest property. Using convict labour a stone wharf and a stone warehouse of four ﬂoors had been constructed on the site by 1835, with a stone cottage sited between them. In December 1832 Edward Wollstonecraft died after a long illness. Following his death his sister Elizabeth inherited his land with Berry serving as his executor.

2.3. HISTORY OF THE SITE AND BUILDING

In 1853 Berry leased the site including the wharf and most of the store space to the P & O Company and the General Steam Screw Ship Company as a coaling depot. Each of these shipping companies began running steamers to Australia from England in the early 1850s, taking advantage of the high demand for goods in Sydney and the relatively low availability of reliable long distance steam ships at the time. As the ships were reliant on large amounts of coal to power their engines,DRAFT both companies stockpiled coal on Berry’s property for use by their steamships. However this arrangement lasted less then two years, although the bay was used for ship repairs.

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terminal at Milsons Point, made it unpopular with the public.

An article published in the Examiner in February 1917, p6 describes the proposal: Half a million sterling is the amount which the Union Company proposes to spend In transforming Ball’s Head, Sydney ‘Harbour, into the greatest bunkering station south of the line…. Two large Jetties are provided for. These will be 520tt. and 480ft. long, giving ample accommodation for ships of the maximum tonnage likely to go to Sydney. There will be a depth of 30ft. alongside the wharf at low-water springs, while the jetties will give a depth of 60ft. It will thus be seen that deep-draughted ships will have no difﬁculty in securing berthing space. There is something entirely new about the whole thing. For instance, two colliers will be discharged, while three, or perhaps four large steamers are taking in bunkers. The coal is to be taken from the colliers by mechanical grabs, and then sent along the frontage to the belts. This stack, by means of rubber-conveying machinery, will be driven by electric power. ..No waste, or practically none, can occur..

Work began on the construction of the coal loader in 1917, with extensive clearing of bush and stone quarrying to level the site. A 1919 report onDRAFT the construction of the facility explained the process of construction: Extraordinary difficulties have been encountered, and are being overcome. In the first place, the Balls Head was anticipated to have a solid rock basis for the necessary tunnelling. It has turned out otherwise, and an amazing amount of packing and concrete facing has had to be done. Stone quarried at a considerable distance and carted to make up the deficiencies of nature.

There was some public objection to what was seen as a disﬁgurement of the Harbour foreshores, but the project went ahead. The work, while seen by some as a great leap forward for the city in terms of industry, was lamented by others who mourned the loss of Sydney’s natural environment. Henry Lawson was inspired to write in protest on the subject in his poem ‘The Sacriﬁce of Balls Head’, in part:

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They’re taking it, the shipping push, As all the rest must go The only spoof cliff and bush That harbour people know, The spirit of the past is dead, North Sydney has no soul The State is cutting down Balls Head To make a wharf for coal

An article in the Sydney Morning Herald in May 1919 describes the installation of the machinery: Machinery and material supplied by the Mead-Morrison Company, contracting engineers of Chicago, has been stored on the site for some considerable time, but it is only recently that the actual construction of the surface gear has been taken in hand by Mr Frank Skinner, who has been supervising this part of the work. During the past two and a half years, however, other extensive operations have been carried out, and a sum of over £60,000 has already been expended in connection with the construction of foundations, retaining walls, and tunnels. .. Mr. P. L. McCain, engineer, representing the contracting firm mentioned above, arrived by the last American mail steamer, and is now busily engaged on the site supervising the erection of the machinery and surface gear. When seen at work a few days ago he confirmed the opinion that, when finished it would doubtless be the most efficient big coal handling plant south of the line.

With the completion of the wharf, work could begin on the coal loading facility with the erection of an electric powered cable railway in 1920.

The wharf was built to enable the unloading and loading of ships holds from above, regardless of the tide level. The company ships would moor at the wharf for refuelling – ‘bunkering’ – and coal was delivered from the coal platform to their bunkers via the skips that were connected into a continuous rope haulage system, along an elevated tramway built on top of the existingDRAFT steel framework to two travelling elevator delivery gantries.

The cableway was equipped by Mead Morrison of Chicago, which also supplied both the San Francisco cable tramway and the North Shore Gas Company’s Oyster Cove works. Power was electric from the start; initially 450V DC, converted on-site from public AC mains, but in later years runs on standard 415V 3-phase power from the SCC ring mains. The cable railway was designed to deliver 700 tons of coal per hour. With the Coal Loader in operation, coal could be transferred directly from stockpile into the ships bunkers, via a system of two tunnels, chutes, travelling coal hoppers, an elevated railway on the jetty and two travelling elevator delivery gantries. Thirty-three hoppers were situated within tunnels below the coal stockpile, with the cable railway hauling them along the elevated track on the wharf.

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The delivery of coal to the waiting ships was a highly mechanised process. The delivery gantries could be positioned alongside the receiving ship’s bunker chutes. As the coal wagon approached, a trip on the gantry would trigger the coal wagon to tip its coal into the receiving hopper under the track attached to the elevator gantry. The empty wagon would proceed to the end of the track where it turned on a balloon loop and was diverted back along a parallel track toward the tunnels beneath the stockpile. On this return, a second trip would close the wagon’s flaps, allowing it to fill with coal again automatically. And so the process would continue. The cable speed was three miles per hour, which allowed each wagon to cover the route of the railway five times per hour. This method of bunkering revolutionised the process that previously had been done by hand labour.

In 1964, the site suffered the slump in the coal industry, and the Coal Loader was taken out of service and remained dormant until 1974 when it was recommissioned as a coal export facility.

The rejuvenated coal export facility continued to operate until 21 May 1992, when the Sunny Success was the last ship to be loaded. With the lapse of the operating licence, the Government did not renew the lease and the plant closed.

When the lease was terminated, Coal and Allied took steps to remove the wharf in accordance with the conditions of the lease which required removal of any structure prior to termination. Following liason with the NSW Heritage Ofﬁce, Coal and Allied deniedDRAFT responsibility for removal of the wharf and were subsequently taken to court by Waterways Authority of NSW for breach of contract. From 1994 until judgment in the NSW Supreme Court was handed down in 2005, plans to demolish the Wharf were on hold and no maintenance activities were undertaken to the deteriorating timber wharf. (RPS)

The site was dedicated as public open space in 1997 and formally transferred to North Sydney Council in 2003. Council worked with stakeholders to prepare plans for the site’s transformation into the Coal Loader Centre for Sustainability. The project was funded by a $1.87 million grant from the Australian Government, $860,000 from the NSW Government and $3 million from North Sydney Council. (North Sydney Council website) The Council has since redeveloped some of the administrative buildings into the ‘Genia McCaffery Centre for Sustainability’, which opened

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in 2011, providing community gardens, a native bush nursery as well as a public education facility for sustainable technology and practice.

2.4. RELEVANT HISTORICAL THEMES 3 Developing local, regional and national economies - Industry Local themes - Activities associated with the manufacture, production and distribution of goods • Industry (coal storage and ship bunkering);

3 Developing local, regional and national economies - Mining Local themes - Activities associated with the distribution of mineral ores. • Mining (distribution of coal);

3 Developing local, regional and national economies - Technology Local themes - Activities and processes associated with the knowledge or use of mechanical arts and applied sciences • Technology (the Coal Loader, pump house); DRAFT

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3. PHYSICAL ANALYSIS 3.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA The Waverton Peninsula is located on the northern shore of Sydney Harbour. The Peninsula divides Berry’s Bay to the east and Balls Head Bay to the west. Balls Head Reserve is a signiﬁcant area of urban bush land. The Former industrial sites present as highly modiﬁed landscapes. The former Coal Loader site is part of a group of related industrial sites on the Waverton Peninsula. The other sites on the western side of the Peninsula are Caltex and the cleared site of the former North Shore Gasworks to the north of the Coal Loader site, and HMAS Waterhen to the south. On the eastern side are the BP Site, the former Quarantine Station Launch Depot and Woodley’s Pty Ltd, Shipyard and Marine Engineers.

3.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE & SETTING The Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf forms part of a wider former industrial site known as the Balls Head Coal Loader Complex. This includes the coal loader platform, adjacent reclaim tunnels, and the powerhouse now home to the Genia McCaffery Centre for Sustainability and several associated outbuildings. The setting of this former industrial complex has been enhanced with extensive landscaping works.

The steel support structure for the elevated cable rail system The steel support structure for the elevated cable rail system remains in situ along the length of the Wharf. The location of the supports for the gantry crane rails remain evident by the two rows of steel bases extending the length of the wharf. Sections of the steel supports for the elevated tramway are embossed, ‘HOSKINS’ indicating the steel is a product of the Hoskins Lithgow plant. The original Mead Morrison equipment was used until 1976 when a conveyor belt outloading systemDRAFT replaced the coal skips and continuous rope haulage system. The steel support structure along the wharf was maintained, and the skip haulage system replaced by an elevated conveyor belt which doubled the loading capacity to 1,000 ton per hour. All of the 1976 equipment has been removed.

Pump Room

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Beneath the wharf is the bunkering fuel pump room, equipment, and pipes operated by the Union Steam Ship Co and Caltex prior to the mid-1970s. The pump room is built out from the sea wall, beneath the Coal Loader wharf so the eastern wall is the large sandstone block sea wall. It has timber framing along the southern half, used for mounting equipment such as meters, some of which remain in situ. The other walls and roof are constructed from a sawn timber frame with galvanised iron cladding, which has rusted along the base. The floor is built up from the natural bedrock, and constructed from layers of large stones set in concrete, beneath a thick layer of concrete and aggregate mix with a thick finishing layer of concrete. The southwestern corner has dislodged, leaving a wide crack in the floor and gap below the wall. There are two timber wharf piers that pass through the concrete floor in the centre of the room and extend to the timber deck above. Originally, entry to the pumproom was through the door in the western wall, which was reached by a timber ramp built just above high tide level, but this has gone. A steel walkway and steps led from the former timber ramp to the wharf deck. The southern wall has a four-pane, double-sash timber window with views to the mooring dolphins and along the se a wall of the coal platform. Similar windows survive in part in the northern and western elevations.

3.3. OTHER ASPECTS OF SITE 3.3.1. Evidence of Archaeological Potential The site is likely to reveal archaeological remains, give its history of industrial use.

3.3.2. Evidence of Aboriginal Heritage Potential Evidence of the aboriginal occupation of the site survives in a large rock carving which has been protected as part of the 2011 redevelopment of the site, Given the extent of the site disturbance the site is unlikely to reveal aboriginal remains.

3.3.3. Evidence of Natural Heritage Potential Given the history of site development from the interwar period the site is unlikely to have heritage signiﬁcance for its natural features.

3.3.4. Moveable context Remmants of the coal loading system survive and should be reputed on site as part of its repetition strategy.

3.4. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS DRAFT Maritime, industrial sites, such as coal loading wharves, were once a prominent feature in Sydney Harbour. Prior to the deep sea ports of Newcastle, Wollongong and Port Botany during the early twentieth century, Sydney Harbour was the only port with adequate facilities to unload and load, repair and refuel ships, as well as handle and distribute their cargoes. It was in this climate that the Coal Loader site emerged. Over time, changes in technology and land use in Sydney Harbour have resulted in the redundancy and removal of many of these features, resulting in Balls Head Coal Loader wharf being one of very few timber wharves and the last surviving coal loading facility remnant in the harbour.

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Newstan Coal Loader As the quantity of coal being handled through Port of Newcastle increased, the aborted plans for a conveyor belt- loading system were revived by the Railways Department in 1952, but in 1955 it was still unﬁnished: the Newstan coal loader, built with private funding but incorporating the partly built Railways Department loader. It commenced operation in July 1958. This was the ﬁrst conveyor type loader, which relied on direct feed from rail wagons as there were no stockpiles or bins. In 1961 the Maritime Services Board took over from the Railways Department the ownership and operation of coal loading appliances, such as tractors and cranes, and the collection of loading charges. It also assumed responsibility for the coal loader formerly operated by Newstan Colliery Pty. Ltd.

The Basin Coal Loader Federal government moves to upgrade coal loading facilities in New South Wales resulted in financial assistance for the construction of a new coal loader which was commenced in 1964 and came into operation in 1967. It replaced the 15 ton hydraulic cranes on the eastern side of The Basin and the electric cranes on the western side of The Basin. When the Basin Coal Loader was being planned there was a significant divergence of views on where the loading heads should be situated. Newcastle interests wanted the new loader to be on the Dyke, loading vessels berthed in the Steelworks Channel. The MSB, however, were strongly influenced by the effects of a major flood in 1955 on the main channel, and the also by the hydraulic effect of large ships passing moored vessels in the channel. The Boards preference, therefore, was to locate the new loader in The Basin where siltation would be less and where loading ships would not be affected by other operations on the harbour. After some spirited meetings, the MSB finally decided to locate the new loader in The Basin. A new berth at Eastern Basin was constructed for the MSB by the PWD, and the equipment was constructed and commissioned by the local engineering firm, A. Goninan & Co. The operation capacity of the Basin Coal Loader was initially 7 million tonnes per annum. Construction of this facility allowed the wharfage on the western side of The Basin to be reconstructed for general cargo. In 1968 Canwan Coal Pty Ltd established a stockpile operations on land leased from the Railways nearDRAFT where the Carrington Coal terminal now stands which was linked to the Basin Loader in 1970 increasing capacity to 11 million tonnes per annum. The Basin coal loader was decommissioned in December 1988 and the area redeveloped for general cargo purposes.

The Catherine Hill Bay coal loader was originally constructed in 1873 as part of the New Wallsend Coal

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Company facility. (State Heritage Inventory 1993). After the Wallarah Coal Company took over in 1889, they set about building a new wharf. The wharf was completed by 1890, with the piles being fitted to the rocky bottom of the bay by iron bolts installed by divers. The wharf was 1,060 feet long and the deck 30 feet above the high water mark. Two adjustable chutes were constructed, enabling the height of the chutes to be varied with the tide, and four large iron cylinders were fitted at the end of the wharf to anchor it in the easterly gales and seas. Two fenders were also constructed with separate piles to prevent docked ships from damaging the wharf. Two sets of rails were laid on the wharf, with one side containing the empty wagons and the other containing the wagons to be emptied. In 1912, the wharf was lit with electric lights whilst winch-driven hopper wagons were used to fill the chutes (Andrews 2009:1042).

When the Wallarah Coal Company took over the Balls Head Coal Loading Facility, Coal from the Wallarah Colliery was transported in company owned ships to the Balls Head Coal Loading Facility, unloaded and then stored until being transferred by the coal loader to export ships (Andrews, 2009:1072-1074). In 1964 a new ship loader was constructed on the old wharf. The head of the ship loader was mounted on rails on the wharf, and was controlled by a driver. The new ship loader was fed by a conveyor belt system also running on rails along the length of the wharf. Being moveable and on rails, the ship loader allowed the coal to be loaded anywhere along the length of the ship. It was also retractable, allowing it to be protected in inclement weather (EJE 2005:58, 60). The Catherine Hill Bay coal loader wharf was again rebuilt in 1974 following a severe cyclone in May. The new jetty comprised a concrete deck with steel piles. Coal loading ceased at Catherine Hill Bay in 2002. Catastrophic bushﬁres in October 2013 at Catherine Hill Bay resulted in the coal loader being partially destroyed.

The State Heritage Inventory entry for Catherine Hill Bay coal loader wharf, assesses it as being of moderate State significance, of high regional significance and very high local significance. Since this assessment in 1993, the wharf has ceased use as a coal loader, and has suffered increased loss of integrity due to bushfire and weathering.

Sydney Harbour Context At one time, the largest export from Sydney Harbour was coal. This was shipped from coal loaders at Blackwattle Bay, White Bay and the Waverton Coal Loader. The Balmain Coal Loader at the head of White Bay dates from 1939/1951 and was upgradedDRAFT in the 1970s and closed in 1991. Millers and Jones Bros, both at Pyrmont were examples of other harbour-based coal depots operating at the same time. Coal & Allied bought these firms during the 1970s. Each of these sites has been closed down and redeveloped. While the Waverton Wharf remains the only Coal Loader Wharf located in Sydney Harbour, a number of significant early 20th century timber wharfs survive in the harbour. The Sydney Harbour Trust was formed in 1901 to take over control and management of the commercial port areas of Sydney Harbour and it immediately set about removing old, formerly private, wharfage around the waterfront and building large modern, well equipped wharf and storage structures which were then either leased to private concerns or operated as general wharves. Jones Bay Wharves, Wolloomolloo Bay finger wharf and Walsh Bay wharves resulted from this move. Although it was not used for coal loading, Walsh Bay wharf illustrates similar

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construction techniques and materials to the Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf.

Walsh Bay Wharf Walsh Bay Wharf is part of the Walsh Bay Wharves precinct, is located approximately 1.5 kms south of the Balls Head Coal Loader and was operational at the same time as the Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf. The Walsh Bay Wharves Precinct comprises an integrated port precinct comprising wharves, shore sheds, bond stores, bridges and roads. A standard modular timber design was developed for the wharves, wharf sheds and shore sheds so that they could easily be adapted to the requirements of individual sites. Some structures predate the Sydney Harbour Trust work (remains of Towns Bond, Bond Stores Nos. 1 & 3). Construction of the whole complex took place between 1906 and 1922. (Little, Clark, Whittaker 1979). The wharves are constructed of turpentine piles spaced on a 10ft grid, come spliced together to reach down to rock 145ft below sea level. Rows of piles are capped with a 14in by 14in iron-bark headstock and tied together by 12in by 12in iron-bark girders at 3ft 4in centres. The whole was covered with 9in by 4in brushbox decking. Later this was covered with a 4in thick concrete deck. Superseded by changing shipping technology in the 1970s, the Walsh Bay complex is rare.

The Walsh Bay Wharves and associated buildings and works are a virtually intact port and stevedoring facility created by the Sydney Harbour Trust in response to the requirements of maritime trade at the time (1900s-1910s). The precinct documents the workings of a technologically advanced early twentieth century shipping port, developed specifically to accommodate new mechanised transportation technology. (Department of Urban Affairs and Planning 1989:5) The wharves have a strong distinctive character created by the logical use of heavy timber construction and the regular grid layout of piles, columns, beams and infill cladding. (Little, Clarke, Whittaker 1979) The precinct is unified in materials, form and scale and contains structures demonstrating maritime uses. It demonstrates the life of inner Sydney in the early twentieth century. The precinct demonstrates technical and creative excellence of the period 1820-1930. (Department of Urban Affairs and Planning 1989:5)

Both the Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf and the Walsh Bay Wharf are located within Sydney Harbour and were built contemporaneously within the first two decades of the 20th Century to service the industrial, maritime needs of Sydney. They are both elements of larger industrial complexes and contribute to the heritage significance of the whole. The Walsh Bay Wharves precinct is a large, virtually intact complex of wharves and associated infrastructure, possibly the last intact complex of its type in the world. The Balls Head Coal Loader complex is smaller in scale than Walsh Bay but is also representative of its type and is the only Coal Loading wharf remaining in Sydney Harbour and one of only two remnant Coal Loading wharves in NSW, the other being at Catherine Hill Bay. The Walsh Bay Wharves comprise 9 wharves, 8 of which are finger wharves, with between one and two storey sheds. They are impressive timberDRAFT constructions consisting of turpentine piles, iron-bark headstock and girders, and brush-box decking. The Balls Head Coal Loader wharf is also an impressive timber construction consisting of a hard wood pile and girder design. However, the integrity of the structure is severely compromised by its very poor physical condition. Neither historic complex is wholly dependent upon the wharf structure/s for its heritage significance but the wharves are very important elements without which the significance of both sites would be lessened.

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4. ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE 4.1. GENERAL A statement of cultural signiﬁcance is a declaration of the value and importance given to a place or item, by the community. It acknowledges the concept of a place or item having an intrinsic value that is separate from its economic value.

There are a number of recognised and pre-tested guidelines for assessing the cultural signiﬁcance of a place or item established by organisations including among others, the ICOMOS (International Committee on Monuments and Sites, Australia), The National Trust of Australia, The Australian Heritage Council (Australian Government) and in New South Wales by the NSW Heritage Council (The Heritage Branch of the Ofﬁce of Environment and Heritage).

The Heritage Council’s criteria ‘NSW Heritage Assessment Criteria’ are based on the Australian Heritage Commission criteria and encompass the five values in the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter; Historical Significance, Historical Association Significance, Aesthetic Significance, Scientific Significance, Social Significance and ‘two’ grading level Rarity and Representativeness. These criteria were gazetted following amendments to the Heritage Act, which came into force in April 1999 and has further amended in 2004.

This report uses the NSW Heritage Assessment Criteria to assess the signiﬁcance of the study area.

4.2. CRITERION A – HISTORICAL EVOLUTION An item is important in the course, or pattern, of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area.

The Coal Loader site along with the nearby BP and Caltex sites represent the realised early twentieth century ambitions to develop the Waverton Peninsula as an industrial area, and the importance of Sydney Harbour’s working waterfront during the twentieth century. The Coal Loader site survives as a substantially intact group of buildings and structures that were purpose designed to transfer coal. It is significant as one of the first large scale shore based coal loading facilities in Sydney Harbour, illustrating the importance of coal as a fuel for the maritime industry during the first half of the twentieth century. The site also reflects the 1970s expansion of the export coal industry, which outgrew the capacity of the site by the mid 1980s.

The Wharf is assessed to make a high contribution to the historical signiﬁcance of the overall Coal Loader site as an integral part of the coal loading process and complex, adapted in the 1970’s to accommodate changes in the industry.

The Balls Head Coal Loader wharfDRAFT is historically signiﬁcant as a key component of the one of the ﬁrst and longest operating shore based coal loading facilities in Sydney Harbour (operating from c.1920 to 1964 then from 1974 to 1992) described at the time as the Greatest Bunkering Scheme in the southern hemisphere. The existing wharf structure functions as a visual marker, that provides connections to the historical development of the site through its landmark qualities. Together with the shore structures, the wharf has the ability to tell the story of 20th Century historical developments in Coal bunkering.

The coal loader wharf and associated structures within its industrial complex provide evidence of the nature and extent of coal bunkering in the early-mid twentieth century and its importance to shipping and working life in Sydney Harbour. The Coal Loader site is signiﬁcant for its ability to demonstrate the practise of coal bunkering in the

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early twentieth century through the extant Coal Loader wharf with its remnant Hoskins steel frame and associated site buildings, walls and work areas. The site also represents the transfer from coal to oil fuel for shipping during the ﬁrst half of the century through the pumping equipment.

The scale and prominence of the coal loader wharf means that it is a major maritime and industrial landmark in Waverton Peninsula and Sydney Harbour signifying the industrialisation of this once natural piece of headland in the early-mid twentieth century. The steel unloading structure, which remains in situ on the Coal Loader wharf, is a rare example of steel from the ‘HOSKINS’ Lithgow works. The Lithgow iron and steel works were the ﬁrst commercial works in Australia. The pump room, equipment, associated pipes and fuel tank store sites represent the emergence of oil as a maritime fuel.

The Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf demonstrates the State Historical Themes of Industry (coal transport and ship bunkering) and Technology (the Coal Loader and pump house). The wharf is assessed to have State historical signiﬁcance.

4.3. CRITERION B – HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS An item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area).

The Coal Loader site is significant for its association with influential people and companies concerned with coastal and international shipping and the coal industry, including the Union Steam Ship Company, Wallarah Coal Company, J&A Brown and Abermain Seaham Collieries and Coal and Allied Industries. The Coal Loader site is significant for its historic association with an internationally renowned Mead-Morrison Company of Chicago, who supllied and installed the cutting edge machinery in 1920. The wharf has historic association with engineer Francis Ernest Stowe and Kay MacNichol Coy. Stowe who was an engineer and architect, submitted plans for a radical three way bridge across the harbour in 1922.

The Coal Loader site is significant for its historic association with the development of coal as an export industry and as the second largest export facility of Coal and Allied. The Wharf also has a significant association with the engineering firm of Malco Industries of Adelaide which received an Institute of Engineers’ award for their work to upgrade the Coal and Allied site in1976.

The Wharf is assessed to make a moderate contribution to the associative values of the Coal Loader site as an integral part of the coal loading process. 4.4. CRITERION C – AESTHETIC VALUESDRAFT An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW (or the local area).

The Waverton Peninsula, including the industrial sites, is typical of the combination of original topography, modiﬁed landforms and industrial relics which formerly characterised much of Sydney Harbour. The Coal Loader site is a major maritime and industrial landmark of Waverton Peninsula and Sydney Harbour.

The Coal Loader Wharf is a dramatic, visually prominent harbourside industrial icon, that effectively communicates the industrial use of the site. The Coal Loader wharf and shows evidence of a defunct industrial process. The

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timber structure of the Coal Loader wharf is aesthetically distinctive , has a majestic quality in its timber supporting structures, and is outstanding because of its size. The Coal Loader wharf provides opportunities for ﬁne views to Balmain, Long Nose Point, Cockatoo Island and Woolwich.

The timber wharf and surviving steel support structure embody technical signiﬁcance as rare evidence of the early- mid twentieth century practice of coal bunkering of ships. The timber structure has the ability to demonstrate a particular technology. The wharf and pump house offer major opportunities for interpretation of the coal loading operation. The Coal loader site demonstrates early to mid twentieth-century oil bunkering technique, through the surviving pump room equipment and associated pipes, wharf and rock excavations and remnant ladder associated with the two fuel storage tanks.

The Coal Loader site is signiﬁcant for its remnant equipment manufactured by Mead Morrison of Chicago which was purchased by the Union Steam Shipping Company and installed in the 1920s. This equipment dates to early 1900s and includes a travelling feeder which survives on original tracks and timber frames and original bin gates in reclaim tunnel No. 1. In situ is the pump room equipment located beneath the wharf, including a pump manufactured by Kinny, USA, connected via a belt to a General Electric Motor.

The technical innovation of the 1976 upgrade works by Malco Industries of Adelaide which included the introduction of the structural sub-structure is recognised in an Institute of Engineers’ award. The Wharf is assessed to make a high contribution to the aesthetic and technical values of the Coal Loader site by virtue of its landmark qualities and the technical values embodied in the timber wharf and surviving steel support structure.

4.5. CRITERION D – SOCIAL VALUE An item has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in NSW (or the local area) for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

The Waverton Peninsula represents an important link between the past and present for the Aboriginal Community, and is associated with Aboriginal use of the area. The site has contemporary values for Aboriginal people, particularly arising from its proximity to a major engraving site.

The Coal Loader site is held in high esteem by the local community and has become a signiﬁcant community Asset, providing a valuable local opportunity for enjoyment of natural, Aboriginal and historic resources. This community appreciation of the ‘working harbour’ and its vestiges is evidenced in the redevelopment of site by North Sydney Council as the Coal Loader CentreDRAFT for Sustainability, following long-term community action. The Wharf is assessed to make a moderate-high contribution to the social value of the Coal Loader site by virtue of its visual prominence and the resultant role it plays in public awareness of the site and its contribution to sense of place.

4.6. CRITERION E – TECHNICAL/RESEARCH VALUE An item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area).

The extensive array of surviving buildings, structures, works and landform modiﬁcations on the Coal Loader site

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provide an extraordinary opportunity to investigate and understand the operations of this major industrial site, using physical evidence as the basis for investigation.

The wharf itself displays construction technologies and available materials for its time, and can provide information that complements the documentary resources. Similarly, the surviving plant and equipment, especially the operating elements associated with the Mead Morrison equipment have potential to contribute to an understanding of the operations of this site and to maritime industrial technologies generally.

4.7. CRITERION F – RARITY An item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area.

The Coal Loader site is signiﬁcant as one of the few surviving shore based coal loading facilities in Sydney Harbour, that provides rare evidence of coal bunkering in the early-mid twentieth century. The Wharf is assessed to make a moderate to high contribution to the rarity value of the Coal Loader site by virtue of the important role it played in the coal loading process and its physical attributes, in particular, the remaining steel support structures for the former coal loader.

4.8. CRITERION G – REPRESENTATIVENESS An item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s cultural or natural places; or cultural or natural environments (or a class of the local areas’ cultural or natural places; or cultural or natural environments).

The Waverton Peninsula industrial sites are typical of the combination of original topography, modiﬁed landforms and industrial relics which formerly characterised much of Sydney Harbour. They are representative of the use of the Harbour foreshore for industrial maritime activities for over a century. The Coal Loader site demonstrates early to mid twentieth century coal handling technology and practices through in situ structures and remnant equipment.

The Coal Loader site representsDRAFT the process of handling coal for ship bunkering through the in situ survival of the Coal Loader platform, remnant steel equipment and infrastructure, including the high level industrial timber wharf, with Hoskins steel ‘unloading’ framework, pump room equipment.

The Wharf is assessed to make a high contribution to the representativeness of the Coal Loader site as a key component of the coal loading process. Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf is representative of coal loading wharves built along the NSW coast during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, of which few survive.

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4.9. INTACTNESS The primary form of the Jetty remains the Coal Loader site retains a substantial array of buildings, structures and relics associated with its twentieth-century industrial use. While there has be en some modiﬁcation of the landform and introduction of new vegetation, the overall site retains a high degree of integrity and the ability to demonstrate its historic function, despite its poor condition.

4.10. LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE The terms ‘local’, and ‘state’ relate to the geographical and social context of an item’s significance. For example, an item of local significance will be of historical, aesthetic, social or technical/research significance in a local geographical context; an item of state social heritage significance will be important to an identifiable, contemporary, statewide community.

4.10.1. Local Heritage Due to historic and aesthetic signiﬁcance the building does reach the threshold for local signiﬁcance.

4.10.2. State Heritage Due to the historic and aesthetic signiﬁcance rarity of the wharf both state within the Sydney Harbour area, the Coal Loader wharf reaches the threshold for state signiﬁcance.

4.11. GRADING OF SIGNIFICANCE

GRADING JUSTIFICATION STATUS

A EXCEPTIONAL Rare or outstanding element directly contributing to an Fulﬁls criteria for local or item’s local and State signiﬁcance. State listing.

B HIGH High degree of original fabric. Demonstrates a key Fulfils criteria for local or element of the item’s significance. Alterations do not State listing. detract from significance.

C MODERATE Elements of typical representative quality. Fulfils criteria for local or Altered or modified elements. Elements with little State listing. heritage value, but which contribute to the overall significance of the item.

D LITTLE Alterations detract from significance. Difficult to Does not fulfil criteria for interpret.DRAFT local or State listing. E INTRUSIVE Damaging to the item’s heritage significance. Does not fulfil criteria for local or State listing.

SCHEDULE OF SIGNIFICANT FABRIC The schedule of existing fabric notes the relevant area and its level of signiﬁcance. ELEMENT GRADING

The Coal Loader A/B

The C1920 Thicker wharf structure A/B

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ELEMENT GRADING

Pump room and equipment C

Remnants of 1920 elevated cable rail system B

Steel support structure

West Façade

KEY PHASES ADDITIONS

1976 Steel Substructure C

4.12. DEFINING HERITAGE CURTILAGE 4.12.1. Background There are different types of Heritage Curtilage that relate to the history and signiﬁcance of the site.

Lot Boundary Heritage Curtilage The most common type of heritage curtilage comprises the boundary of the property containing the heritage item, or items. The property may also contain associated buildings, gardens and other signiﬁcant features, including walls, fences, driveways or tennis courts, all which may contribute to the heritage signiﬁcance of the property.

Reduced Heritage Curtilage This type of heritage curtilage is less than the lot boundary of the property. It arises where the signiﬁcance of the item may not relate to the total lot, but to a lesser area, and is often only deﬁned when development occurs.

Expanded Heritage Curtilage There may be circumstances where the heritage curtilage may need to be greater than the property boundary. Depending on the topography, an expanded curtilage may be required to protect the landscape setting or visual catchment of a heritage item.

Composite Heritage Curtilage This type of curtilage applies to heritage conservation areas and defines the boundaries of land required to identify and maintain the heritage significanceDRAFT of an historic district, village or suburban precinct. 4.12.2. Heritage Curtilage The lot boundary curtilage is not appropriate in the case of the wharf which is situated on crown land. Given the significance of the item, a curtilage could minimally be set as the site boundary associated with the existing fabric of the Coal loader jetty.

4.13. SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf is an important maritime and industrial landmark which along with its associated industrial complex is representative of the importance of the coal industry in the twentieth Century to the working life of Sydney Harbour. It is one of the earliest surviving and longest operating shore based coal loading facilities both

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in a Sydney Harbour and State wide context. Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf with its remnant Hoskins steel frame is rare for its ability to demonstrate the practise of coal bunkering in the early twentieth century. The site also represents the transfer from coal to oil fuel for shipping during the ﬁrst half of the century through the pumping equipment. The Coal Loader site and wharf are also signiﬁcant for their historic association with the development of coal as an export industry. The Wharf and its industrial complex are associated with several prominent coal mining companies in NSW namely Union Steam Ship Company, Wallarah Coal Company, J&A Brown and Abermain Seaham Collieries and Coal and Allied Industries. The wharf also has important associations with engineer and designer Frank Ernest Stowe, equipment engineers Mead Morrison of Chicago, and Malco Industries who were responsible for the 1976 upgrade. The existing wharf structure functions as a visual marker, that provides connections to the historical development of the site through its landmark qualities.

The Coal Loader Wharf is a dramatic, visually prominent harbourside industrial icon, that effectively communicates the former industrial use of the site. The timber structure of the wharf is aesthetically distinctive, outstanding because of its size, and has a majestic quality in its timber supporting structures. The wharf construction and the surviving plant and equipment, have potential to contribute to an understanding of the operations of this site and to maritime industrial technologies generally.

The Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf and associated industrial elements are valued by the local community as evidenced by ongoing community activism and the opening of the Coal Loader Centre for Sustainability. Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf is a rare surviving coal loading wharves. The wharf, together with the steel support structure for the elevated coal conveyor, is rare evidence of the early twentieth-century practise of coal bunkering of ships, and the remaining steel support structures for the former coal loader are a rare example of steel from the Hoskins Lithgow steel works.

Summary of Assessment Findings On the basis of the assessment above, Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf is considered to be of State significance for its historic, associative, aesthetic and technical values. It is considered to be of Local significance for its Social values. The wharf has been assessed to have high comparative significance values, and is considered to make a high contribution to the heritage significanceDRAFT of the Coal Loader site as a whole.

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5. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES 5.1. GENERAL A general policy for the preservation of a building is based on a recognition of its signiﬁcance and the relevant constraints.

The chief constraint being the Statement of Significance and other planning restrictions. Heritage Items benefit from some flexibility of planning restrictions.

These constraints may extend to development on sites in the vicinity.

5.2. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLACE The signiﬁcance of the building does warrant its listing as a heritage item.

General Constraints Arising out of Cultural Signiﬁcance. The building should be retained and conserved in a recognisable form. No new work or activity should be carried out which will detract from or obscure physical evidence of the major phases of development, [insert] architectural and decorative features of the above elements that date from the key period of signiﬁcance should be conserved. No new building should detract from the prominence of the building on the site. New works or activities at the place should not diminish its evocative character.

See Section 7 for speciﬁc Policies arising from Statement of Signiﬁcance.

5.3. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ITEMS IN THE VICINITY Any proposed changes must consider potential impacts on the following heritage items, which are located in the vicinity: [insert]

5.4. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE CONDITION OF THE PLACE The building is presently in need of significant maintenance work and upgrade to comply with current market expectations egress requirements for specific [future] uses. [insert] All essential works should be undertaken as soon as possible prior to the commencement of conservation and refurbishment works. An asbestos survey should be carried out by an experienced and qualified organisation.

5.5. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM PROPERTY OWNERSHIP The owner RMS wishes to demolishDRAFT the wharf.

5.6. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES WHICH IMPACT UPON DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS The location of the building does not limit development permissible in the zoning.

5.7. CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM HERITAGE PLANNING REQUIREMENTS 5.7.1. Australian Heritage Council The building and site is/is not included on the National Heritage List, The Commonwealth Heritage List nor on the list of items nominated for evaluation. The building and site is/is not covered by statutory protection provided pursuant to the EPBC Act.

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5.7.2. Heritage Council of NSW/NSW Heritage Act The building and site is/is not covered by statutory protection provided pursuant to the NSW Heritage Act 1977. No constraints apply.

5.7.3. National Trust (NSW) The building and site is/is not classiﬁed by the National Trust (NSW). Listings in this register impose no legal restrictions. No constraints apply.

5.7.4. AIA Register of Signiﬁcant Buildings The building is/is not listed as a heritage item by the AIA. Listings in this register impose no legal restrictions. No constraints apply.

5.7.5. Australian Institute of Engineers The building is/is not listed as a heritage item by the RAIE. Listings in this register impose no legal restrictions. No constraints apply.

5.7.6. Art Deco Register of NSW The building is/is not listed as a heritage item by the Art Deco Society of NSW. Listings in this register impose no legal restrictions. No constraints apply.

5.7.7. Section 170 Register The site and building is/is not listed as a heritage item on any 170 Register of a Government Body. Listings in this register provides statutory protection pursuant to the NSW Heritage Act 1977.

5.7.8. North Sydney Council The building and site is/is not listed as a heritage item identiﬁed in the North Sydney LEP.

5.8. OTHER STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS Any changes in the use of the building may result in a need to upgrade certain facilities to meet such obligations as may be imposed by North Sydney Council. Fire Safety Requirements Disability Access Code Zoning List of Controls CAFSC – Building Requirement Local Government Act 1993 BCADRAFT Public Health Act 1991 Ingress and Egress

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6. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 01 1940’s High Adventure docked at coal loading wharf, 1940’s North Sydney Heritage Centre, PF 11 Figure 02 1953 Outloading jetty, Balls Head Coal Loader, Waverton Stanton Library Figure 03 1970 Ship docked at wharf, Balls Head Coal Loader, Waverton Stanton Library Figure 04 2015 Balls Head Coal Loader Roads and Maritime Services Figure 05 2015 Balls Head Coal Loader Roads and Maritime Services Figure 06 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects Figure 07 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects Figure 08 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects Figure 09 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects Figure 10 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects Figure 11 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects Figure 12 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects Figure 13 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects Figure 14 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects Figure 15 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects

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7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

AUTHOR/TITLE/PUBLISHER/REPOSITORY/YEAR

BALL’S HEAD- GREAT COALING DEPOT - A £300,000 SCHEME. THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD, FRI 30 JAN 1920, PAGE 6

GREAT BUNKERING SCHEME, THE EXAMINER, FRIDAY 16TH FEBRUARY 1917, P6

COAL HANDLING.BALL’S HEAD BUNKERING SCHEME. AMERICAN ENGINEER ARRIVES. SYDNEY MORNING HERALD, SATURDAY 10TH MAY 1919, P18

GREGORY BLAXELL “WAVERTON COAL LOADER”, AFLOAT MAGAZINE, AUGUST 2007

P TRANTER, “BALL’S HEAD COAL LOADER, NORTH SYDNEY”, NATIONAL TRUST, 15/10/1992

HENRY LAWSON, “THE SACRIFICE OF BALL’S HEAD”, 1916

KEN MCCARTHY, “THE BALL’S HEAD COAL LOADER” TROLLEY WIRE MAGAZINE PP8-18, DECEMBER 1975

RPS AUSTRALIA EAST PTY LTD, STATEMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT, BALLS HEAD COAL LOADER WHARF, AUGUST 2015

ROADS AND MARITIME SERVICE, STATEMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT BALLS HEAD COAL LOADER WHARF, AS ABOVE

EJE ENVIROPLAN IN ASSOCIATION WITH PETER FENWICK , HERITAGE ASSESSMENT OF THE UNLOADING GANTRY CRANE AND WHARF AT THE BALLS HEAD COAL HANDLING FACILITY, 1993.

EJE ENVIROPLAN IN ASSOCIATION WITH PETER FENWICK, HERITAGE ASSESSMENT OF THE OUTLOADING SYSTEM OF THE THE BALLS HEAD COAL HANDLING FACILITY, 1993.

GUTTERIDGE HASKINS AND DAVEY PTY LTD, BALLS HEAD COAL LOADING FACILITY AT WAVERTON, SYDNEY REPORT ON EXISTING COAL LOADER PLATFORM WITH REGARD TO RE-USAGE AS PUBLIC OPEN SPACE, PREPARED FOR NORTH SYDNEY COUNCIL, NOVEMBER 1994.

CLOUSTON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, URBAN DESIGNERS, LANDSCAPE PLANNERS , WAVERTON PENINSULA STRATEGIC MASTERPLAN, VOLUMEDRAFT 1 AND VOLUME 2, PREPARED FOR NORTH SYDNEY COUNCIL, MARCH 1999.

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Figure 01 1940’s High Adventure docked at coal loading wharf, North Sydney Heritage 1940s. Centre, PF 11

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Figure 02 1953 Outloading jetty, Balls Head Coal Loader, Waverton. Stanton Library

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Figure 03 1970 Ship docked at wharf, Balls Head Coal Loader, Waverton Stanton Library

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Figure 04 2015 Balls Head Coal Loader Roads Maritime Services

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Figure 05 2015 Balls Head Coal Loader Roads and Maritime Services

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APPENDIX A HISTORIC TITLE

Figure 6 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects

Figure 7 Date Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects DRAFT

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APPENDIX A HISTORIC TITLE

Figure 8 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects

Figure 9 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects DRAFT

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APPENDIX A HISTORIC TITLE

Figure 10 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects

Figure 11 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects DRAFT

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APPENDIX A HISTORIC TITLE

Figure 12 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects

Figure 13 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects DRAFT

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APPENDIX A HISTORIC TITLE

Figure 14 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects

Figure 15 2016 Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf Architectural Projects DRAFT

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Our ref 370222SS09 T 0290986800 Moil Mc, CDCnold E Simon. Wiltshier@inottmac. coin Your ref

Lisa Trueman North Sydney Council 200 Miller Street North Sydney NSW 2060

17 May 2016 E: Lisa. Trueman@northsydney. nsw. gov. au

Dear Lisa

Ree Balls Head Coal Loader Wharf

We provide the following preliminary report following the inspection by boat with RMS on 16 May 2016

1.0 GENERAL MATERIALS FINDINGS

1.1 The duration of the inspection did not allow inspection on an element by element basis, however was sufficient to form an overall understanding of the extent of deterioration 1.2 The inspection did allow for verification of the general content of Taylor Lauder Be mstien report of 2012.

It is likely that there has been significant deterioration in the 37^ years since that report, however we would consider that report to be a reasonable basis for decision making

1.3 Timber Piles

The vast majority of timber piles have necked down to a level of structural inadequacy or have parted completely. Condition below water line is not known because of the dangerous condition of the structure and the consequent danger to divers. Based on findings from other jetty structures in Sydney Harbour it would be expected that there would be damage due to marine animals (e. g Teredo worm) potentially extending down to the mud line. Below mud line there is a strong potential for piles to have remained relatively sound

L10,383 Kent Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia PO Box Q1678. QVB Sydney NSW 1230, Australia r +61 (0)290986800 r +61 (0)290986810 w WWW. inottmac. combustralasia Mon MacDonald Australia Ply Limited Is a subsidiary of MDtl MacDonald International Limited Registered in Australia. ABN I 3134/20353 R Sydney Preyects 37nXE\370222\09 Waverton Coal Loader (SAWN60517 Site Inspection docx ATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 77

Mon MucDonold

From the TLB report and the inferred mud and rock lines there could be as little as fin of intact pile at the jetty inner end near the shore and as much as 15 in of intact pile at the outer end. It might be possible to extract piles to salvage pile timber, however the effort expended for results achieved might only be worthwhile over the seaward half of the jetty. If the wharf were demolished RMS could consider either total pile extraction or pile cut off at mud line. Above water line the piles are generally in poor condition with significant splitting and decay at bolted connections to capwales and at some of the lower bracing connections. There has been general splitting elsewhere and what appeared to be large borer flight holes were present on numerous piles. Closer inspection would be needed to determine what these were and the effect on the timber

There may be salvageable timber for other use within the projecting sections of piles but very little of long-term suitability for retention as piles in a new structure. It may be possible to mill other timber sections out of pile remnants

14 Timber Capwales, Girders and Braces These are generally in a severely deteriorated condition with evident decay, termite attack (probable but could not be examined closely), splitting and collapse Both capwales and girders appear to have remnant top surface flashing (nature unknown but may be a bitumen coated metal). It is riot clear if the flashing is from original construction or from later repairs and reconstruction. It would have provided some protection from top face decay but would also have trapped moisture to allow termite activity. The flashings are penetrated by fixings The top surfaces of capwales and girders were not visible to assess decay. There is likely to be salvageable timber in girders and capwales, however the quantum is unknown and may only be in the range 10% to 20% and even then the timber sections may require re-milling to form new sections (e. g. deck planks) rather than being re-used as girder sections.

1.5 Timber Deck

The timber deck is in a deteriorated condition with several sections missing due to collapse. There may however be a salvageable amount that can be re-used. Closer inspection would be needed to confirm this

1.6 Steel Frame Structures

These appear to be largely intact, though locally corroded ATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 78

Mon Mc, CDonold

In one location the raking centre pile had parted from the frame over. There is severe corrosion at the water line and it is expected that his corrosion extends over a length of at least 2 to 3 metres of pile. Close inspection was not possible, however extensive remedial works would be needed at this location. For the long term it would be likely to require either cut out and replacement or corrosion removal and jacketing.

1.7 Remnant Steel Conveyor Structure This structure sits on top of the jetty. Wherever the jetty has distorted the conveyor structure has also distorted. The steel could not be seen in any detail and the base fixings were not visible, however the steelwork appears to have substantial salvageable components

1.8 Jetty Inner End Machine Room This area could not be adequately assessed, however it was noted that the supporting slab has been severely undermined by deterioration in the supporting sea wall structure and subsequent wave action below the slab

2.0 FEASIBILITY OF RETENTION, REPAIR AND RE-CONSTRUCTION 2.1 The structure is in a dangerous condition with progressive partial collapse occurring unpredictably. The timber structure is now wholly supported by the incidental support of the periodic steel frames. The condition of the jetty precludes work on or under the structure and repair in-situ would not be possible without the installation of extensive temporary works. This is not considered feasible. Any remedial works would require initial dismantling, sorting and inspecting components, setting aside salvageable material and then re-construction. 2.2 The amount of salvageable material that could be re-used in its original form (e. g piles or girders) appears to be minimal. There may however be potential to re-mill timber for alternative use. The exploration of this potential would initially require an extensive investigation phase to determine what is salvageable and then an assessment of the feasibility of re-sawing. Degraded timber may saw easily but is unlikely to be useful. Sound well-seasoned hardwood may be costly to re-work. 2.3 Dismantling to salvage material would need to be done by crane box with the associated difficulties of access down onto the deck from a box. Additional and separate cronage would be necessary to sling and restrain timbers and then lift them. It would probably be necessary to work forward from an exposed face or edge to allow reasonable crane-box access ATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 79

Mon MocDonold

One alternative is to cut the structure and allow it to drop into the sea within a controlled enclosure (e. g. floating boom net) and then retrieve floating timber. This may have an environmental impact on marine life. This has not been assessed.

2.4 After removal of timber superstructure the steel frames could be left in-situ for a period to allow assessment.

If there is any purpose in their re-use they may be repairable in-situ. In addition after removal of super structure there would be improved safety for access for a sample underwater inspection of both timber and steel piles. Timber piles could then be considered for : . removal in total (by extraction) and either salvage or disposal . cut off at, or below, mud line and either salvage or disposal . retention in-situ for sleeve compiling and re-use 2.5 There may be sufficient salvageable material for a limited inner end jetty stub reconstruction using either new timber piles or salvaged piles from the submerged outer end of the jetty. Repair and retention of one or two of the inner end steel frames also appears to be feasible The full amount of salvageable material will not be known until the jetty is dismantled. Sorting could take place during dismantling onto a barge rather than by bringing all materials to shore. It is expected that deterioration will be reasonably uniform along the jetty length. Consequently if dismantling commenced at the outer end it is likely that a reasonable estimate of total likely salvageable material could be determined after (say) four bays of the jetty had been dismantled. 2.6 The inner end machine room needs closer inspection (potentially at low tide) to assess feasibility of conservation, however the undermining of the slab is a significant issue

We trust that that this initial report is of assistance in assessing the next steps Please contact the undersigned for nay clarification required.

Yours faithfully

41 , ,^

MCIt MacDonald Australia SIMON A. WILTSHIER DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR/STRUCTURAL BE(HONs), F1EAusT, CPENG, NPER ATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 80

Mon MCICDonold

ATTCH: APPENDIX A - PHOTOS ATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 81

Moil MucDonold

APPENDIX A - PHOTOS

inner end, north side ATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 82

Moil Mc, CDonold

North Side

* ,

North side - Steel frame ATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 83

Mon MacDonold

..^.

Outer end

., . . E;"';^:;:;; * 'i a!::,$5.

^ .= .L ,_ ^

^ =.=g-=-

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South side ATTACHMENT TO CiS11 14/06/16 Page 84

Moil MocDonold

Parted steel pile

Inner end, south side