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Computerised Aided Camouflage NEW ASPECTS of APPLIED INFORMATICS, BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONICS & INFORMATICS and COMMUNICATIONS Computerised Aided Camouflage JIŘÍ F. URBÁNEK, JIŘÍ BARTA, JOSEF HERETÍK and JAROSLAV PRŮCHA* Department of Civil Protection, Dpt of External Relations*, University of Defence, Kounicova 65,662 10 Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC [email protected]; http://www.unob.cz Abstract: - Interface´s impermeability is important to create among antagonist´s objects in turbulent world. A lot of various interfaces have “smash” contours but their exact definition is helpful for active and passive protection of living objects in nature. The interfaces between human enemies ask camouflage systems and processes implementing military environment. Fundamental principles of nature / human made camouflage are introduced in this paper. Computer aided camouflage by means of contemporary digital cybernetics instruments is an aim of Czech University of Defence R&D Grant solution of National Defence Research Project with acronym ADAPTIV - Draft and assertion new adaptive technology for simulation and camouflage in operational environment armed forces of Czech Republic and for infrastructure protection. The resources and “how to” of this Grant asks a finding of new approaches of problems solution in military environment. The architecture of necessary systems and their technologies, representing first milestone of Grant solution, is outlined here. ADAPTIV Project tends to Active Camouflage by Computerised Aided Mimicry (CAM) implementations as autonomic outdoor computerised aided Interoper-mobile WiMAX CAM Workshop. Key-Words: - Active Camouflage by Computerised Aided Mimicry (CAM) Implementation. 1 Introduction the camouflage must be tailored to the observer. Second, Human society survival requires the most effective the camouflage must deceive the observer into making a behaviour aiming to the co-operation, collaboration, false judgment about the camouflaged object. integration and technological ascendancy of friendly Camouflage is an attempt to avoid observation, and as actors. But security and defence research must offer such, it is tailored to the vision of the expected observer. pertinent means of protection for “native rival´s force” The use of camouflage, no matter what the specific predominance counter antagonists and enemies. A application, has certain basic requirements that must be camouflage systems and technologies is one from most met. First, the camouflage must be tailored to the important means for it. observer. Second, the camouflage must deceive the The Camouflage is concealment by means of disguise observer into making a false judgment about the [1]. The likely root of the word camouflage is camoufler, camouflaged object. The strategies of camouflage can be a French term meaning smoke blown in someone's face as broken down into up to four categories, which are a practical joke. Word origin is in Italian camuffare. The cryptic, disruptive, counter-shading and mimicry. Each Camouflage is a method of avoidance of observation that of these deals with a different method of deceiving the allows an otherwise visible object (organism or structure observer, and often strategies are combined increase their to remain indiscernible from the surrounding environment effectiveness. These may be applied individually, or in through deception. The theory of camouflage covers the combination with one another providing overall various strategies which are used to achieve this effect. camouflage strategy. The blending of disruptive and The definition of camouflage involves the both the cryptic coloration can be called coincident disruption. concealment and the obscurity, whether applied to the Cryptic (or blending) camouflage is an attempt to blend natural coloration of animals, or used in military into the environment and become effectively environment. The methods by which concealment or imperceptible. To do this, the camouflaged object must obscurity are attained share a common set of strategies minimize observable differences between itself and the intended to deceive the observer. The underlying background with respect to the senses of the target methodology used in, whether natural or human-made. observer. The definitive example of camouflage is a Camouflage is not limited to the commonly encountered cryptic camouflage designed to match the visual visual way, but encompasses other senses as well. First, appearance of the expected background, generally using a ISSN: 1792-460X 289 ISBN: 978-960-474-216-5 NEW ASPECTS of APPLIED INFORMATICS, BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONICS & INFORMATICS and COMMUNICATIONS mottled pattern of greens and browns to match ground and of the model depending on the situation. Models foliage colour and break up the outline of the themselves are difficult to define in some cases, for camouflaged object. Cryptic camouflage must match the example eye spots may not bear resemblance to any colors and spatial frequencies of the background to be specific organism's eyes, and camouflage often cannot be effective, and may have to suppress non-visual cues. attributed to a particular model. In some cases this can be Disruptive (or dazzle, US) camouflage is not intended quite a complex process, such as in the case of the Mimic to blend into the environment, and in fact often involves Octopus, which are extremely flexible. Although all bright, eye-catching colours that would be the antithesis octopuses can change colour and texture, and many can of cryptic camouflage. Disruptive camouflage seeks to blend with the sea floor, appearing as rocks, the Mimic confuse the observer, by providing visual cues that Octopus is the first octopus species ever observed to override the camouflaged object's features. This prevents impersonate other creatures – it can change shape to the observer from accurately identifying characteristics of resemble lionfish or other poisonous fish in its habitat. the camouflaged object(s), such as shape, size, Octopus ink cloud also provides disruption of the sense of orientation, and number of objects in a group combination smell e.g. Mimicry is perhaps the broadest example of of counter-shading and cryptic colours and patterns to adaptive camouflage (though the most obvious form to blend into its environment. humans is visual mimicry). Counter-shading is the process of using lighter colours Adaptive camouflage means a capability of an adapting on normally dark areas, and darker colors on normally object appearance to match its environment and/or light areas. This removes some of the visual cues used for impersonate other object. Adaptive camouflage (or active depth perception causing the counter-shaded object to camouflage) is a group of camouflage technologies which appear flat, rather than as an object with depth. This is the would allow an object (usually military in nature) to blend same effect used in the hollow-face illusion where a into its surroundings by use of panels or coatings capable concave object is shaded in such a way as to appear of changing color or luminosity. Active camouflage can convex. Military doctrine also applies this technique to be seen as having the potential to become the perfection camouflage paint. The standard method for applying of the art of camouflaging things from visual detection. camouflage paint to exposed skin is to use dark paint for bright areas of the face, light paint for shadowed areas, and combining this with a disruptive pattern over large areas of skin. visual visual The Mimicry is the attempt by the camouflaged object to be observed as some other type of object. Mimicry is ´s ry [2] ry the similarity of one object to another which protects one or both. This similarity can be inappearance, behaviour, nsect sound, scent and even location, with the mimics found in mimic similar places to their models. Mimicry occurs when a group of organisms, the mimics, evolve to share common I Fig. 1: perceived characteristics with another group, the models. The evolution is driven by the selective action of a signal- receiver, or dupe. For example, birds that use sight to 2 Problems of ADAPTIV Project identify palatable insects (the mimics), whilst avoiding the ADAPTIV Project solution has defined strict conditions noxious models. Collectively, this situation is known as a which nominatives are a restriction of financial sources mimicry complex. The model is usually another species and exact definition of Project boundaries and conditions except in cases of Automimicry or intraspecific mimicry regarding researched and developed systems and occurs within a single species, one case being where one technologies: part of an organism's body resembles another part.. The a/ Observer would be military person. signal-receiver is typically another intermediate organism b/ Observer´s sense using for camouflage detection is like the common predator of two species, but may actually limited to normal humans vision in visual range of be the model itself, such as a moth resembling its spider luminous spectrum (see Fig.2), without night vision predator. As an interaction, mimicry is in most cases systems, radar, sonar and thermal imaging as well. advantageous to the mimic and harmful to the receiver, c/ Omitting of other senses, such as olfaction (smell), but may increase, reduce or have no effect on the fitness touch, sound and hearing. ISSN: 1792-460X 290 ISBN: 978-960-474-216-5 NEW ASPECTS of APPLIED INFORMATICS, BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONICS & INFORMATICS and COMMUNICATIONS d/ Using cybernetic computerized aided technologies
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