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5G NR Air Interface Next Generation and Standards August 2018 Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards Intel technologies’ features and benefits depend on system configuration and may require enabled hardware, software or service activation. Performance varies depending on system configuration. No computer system can be absolutely secure. Check with your system manufacturer or retailer or learn more at [most relevant URL to your product]. Intel, the Intel logo, and all Intel branded products are trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the U.S. and/or other countries. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. © Intel Corporation Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards 2 Mobile Usage Continues to Grow Global mobile video traffic 2016-211 Internet of Things (IoT) connected Global monthly mobile data traffic, (Terabytes per month) devices installed base worldwide by type (in exabytes)3 from 2015 to 2025 (in billions)2 49 45M 50 100 45 40M 90 40 35M 80 75.44 35 34 70 62.12 30 30M 23 60 51.11 25 25M 50 42.62 20 16 35.82 40 30.73 15 11 20M 26.66 23.14 7 30 20.35 10 17.68 15M 20 15.41 5 Traffic in TB per month per TBin Traffic 10 0 10M billions in devices Connected 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 5M 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2015 Mobile Video Mobile Web/Data/VoIP 0M 2016 2017 e2018 e2019 e2020 e2021 Connected Devices Mobile Audio Mobile File Sharing In terms of overall larger …By volume of connected …By mobile data app traffic –video… devices… consumption 1 Source: Cisco Systems © Statistica 2018; Additional Information: Worldwide Cisco Systems, 2016 2 Source: HIS © Statista 2018; Additional information: Worldwide; IHS:; 2015 to 2016 3 Source: Cisco, BI Intelligence calculations, 2017 Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards New Applications Stress Existing Wireless Services Low-power connected device Billions of connected devices by 20201 growth via IoT Enhanced Mobile > 1 B 5G subscriptions of enhanced mobile Broadband broadband by 20232 Ultra-Low Latency and 1M autonomous cars on the road by 2025; Reliability Internet apps with sub-10 millisecond latency3 1. Cisco 2. Ericsson Mobile Report 2018 3. 1M autonomous cars by 2025 via HIS Markit; Ericsson and Huawei news releases *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards 5G USE CASES, Spectrum and Deployments Ultra Reliability and Low Latency Autonomous Emergency Vehicles Healthcare Services Instant Translation Massive M2M Connectivity Supply Chain/ Smart Cities Smart Agriculture Manufacturing Logistics Enhanced Mobile Broadband Virtual and Broadband to Merged Reality Mobile Office Home Entertainment 1GHz 3GHz 10GHz 30GHz 100GHz Pico sites Micro / Pico sites Macro / Micro sites Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards Enter 5G NR –A Truly Unified Air Interface Subcarrier spacing, Sub-1 millisecond scalable numerology delay end-to-end Responsive Flexible enable deployment for low latency apps in new scenarios 10-5 packet error Supports new bands rate for ultra reliable Reliable Scalable up to 52.6GHz1 apps 5G NR Up to 10Gbps DL Dynamic TDD via mmWave for delivers better extreme mobile Powerful Efficient resource utilization broadband 1 5G-NR in Rel-17 is expected to support up to 100 GHz Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards Differentiating HARQ and other schemes enable 10-5 5G NR from LTE packet error rate/Block Error simultaneous Ration of .00001 connections between Utilizing mmWave LTE and 5G PROVIDING spectrum superior coverage resource allocation for future applications, Up to 400MHz network slicing, and more macro cell, micro cell, and hybrid support for mission environments capable critical services LDPC code and other techniques Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards 5G Next 5G Architecture Options Gen Core 5G sub-6GHz 5G mmWave Control and Radio Network Radio Network User Plane Data and Control LTE RAN over 5G NR Link NSA Dual Connectivity LTE EPC UE across LTE and NR Carrier Aggregation User Plane Network Slicing | New Services | 5G NR RAN VoNR & 4G Fallback Non-Standalone (NSA) Standalone (SA) First wave of 5G service deployments Standard approved in June 2018 Uses 5G frequencies for improved data throughput Simplified network infrastructure Leverages existing 4G deployments; Smoother migration to 5G Lower cost Ideal for use cases such as URLLC Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards 5G NR Supports higher and diverse Frequency Bands with far Greater Bandwidth 20 times wider bandwidth per component carrier (400MHz for 5G NR vs. 20MHz for LTE) 5G NR mmWave DL UL DL UL High-bands 1. Reduce overhead to support wide band operation Above 24 GHz e.g., TDD 28 GHz 2. Facilitates efficient implementation (mmWave) 5G Radio Access Tight interworking LTE Evolution “NR” 5G NR mid-band DL UL Mid-bands No compatibility constraints e.g., TDD 2.5 GHz 1 GHz to 6 GHz “Existing” spectrum “New” spectrum DL Low-bands 1 GHz 6 GHz 100 GHz 1 GHz 6 GHz 100 GHz Low-band UL Below 1 GHz e.g., FDD 700 MHz Below 6 GHz Above 6 GHz New spectrum below 6 GHz Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards Efficient 5G NR TDD self-contained slot structure Modular Slot Structure with no static timing relationships across slots . Faster TDD switching enabling Adaptive UL/DL adaptive UL/DL capacity allocation For faster TDD switching Flexible capacity allocation . Significantly low latency with fast TDD turnaround DL UL – e.g., 125 to 1 ms slot duration Guard UL Data TDD UL Ctrl Ctrl . Opportunity for better UL/UL DL scheduling DL Data Guard TDD DL SRS Ctrl ACK . Data and ACK in the same slot . Advanced reciprocity-based Low-latency massive antenna techniques Faster TDD turn-around Efficient Massive MIMO – With SRS every slot for an optimal TDD Data and ACK in the same slot channel reciprocity Optimized TDD channel Opportunity for SRS every slot . Channel reservation using additional headers Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards 5G NR Physical Layer: Scalable Numerology Subcarrier 30kHz 60kHz 15 x 2nkHz, 5G NR Modulations Schemes 15kHz spacing (2 x 15 kHz) (4 x 15 kHz) (n = 3, 4, …) . Supports QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM similar to OFDM symbol LTE 66.67 µs 33.33 µs 16.67 µs 66.67/2n µs duration . UL includes p/2-BPSK Cyclic prefix 4.69 µs 2.34 µs 1.17 µs 4.69/2n µs – For reduced PAPR & high power efficiency at lower duration data rates OFDM symbol 71.35 µs 35.68 µs 17.84 µs 71.35/2n µs . 5G NR Waveform including CP Number of OFDM . Waveform (for eMMB/URLLC and < 52.6 GHz) 14 14 12 or 14 14 – DL Waveform: CP-OFDM symbols per slot – UL Waveform: CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM n – CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios Slot duration 1000 µs 500 µs 250 µs 1000/2 µs – DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios . Bandwidth – Maximum CC bandwidth is 400 MHz – Maximum number of subcarriers is 3300 – 4096-FFT is needed – Maximum number of CCs is 16 Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards Frame Structure Subframe Frame: 10 ms 1 ms Subframe: Reference period of 1 ms 15 kHz SLOT Slot (slot based scheduling) 14 symbols . 14 OFDM symbols 1 ms . One possible scheduling unit 30 kHz SLOT – Slot aggregation allowed 14 symbols . Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing 500 µs – Slot length = 1ms/2µ 60 kHz SLOT Mini Slot (non slot based scheduling) 14 sym . These are Type B PDSCH/PUSCH Slots 250 µs . 7, 4 or 2 OFDM symbols SLOT . Minimum scheduling unit 120 kHz 14 s 125 µs Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards 5G NR Can Evolve to Meet Future Market Needs without sacrificing efficiency . Allow future evolution while minimally sacrificing efficiency . Support of reserved resources . Built-in forward compatibility allows for future support . Resource allocation for a variety of uses . Allows network slicing Capabilities Per Interface Reserved resource freq time R15 UE will skip this part when indicated by gNB in the future for a special purpose (but does not understand the content) Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards SUMMARY OF LTE vs. NR Comparison LTE 5G-NR Maximum Bandwidth (per CC) 20 MHz 50 MHz (@ 15 kHz), 100 MHz (@ 30 kHz), 200 MHz (@ 60 kHz), 400 MHz (@ 120 kHz) Subcarrier Spacing 15 kHz 2n • 15 kHz TDM and FDM multiplexing Waveform CP-OFDM for DL; SC-FDMA for UL CP-OFDM for DL; CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM for UL Maximum Number of Subcarriers 1200 3300 Subframe Length 1 ms (moving to 0.5 ms) 1 ms Latency (Air Interface) 0.5 ms 0.5 ms Slot Length 7 symbols in 500 µs 14 symbols (duration depends on subcarrier spacing) 2, 4 and 7 symbols for mini-slots Channel Coding2 Turbo Code (data); TBCC (control) Polar Codes (control); LDPC (data) Initial Access PVS1 Beamforming in Digital Domain Beamforming MIMO 8x8 8x8 Reference Signals UE Specific DMRS and Cell Specific RS Front-loaded DMRS (UE-specific) Duplexing FDD, Semi-Static TDD, Half-Duplex FDD, Semi-Static TDD, Half-Duplex FDD, Dynamic TDD FDD, Dynamic TDD 1. Precoding Vector Switching 2. LTE: Turbo coding for PDSCH/PUSCH, TBCC for PDCCH/PBCH, simplex coding for PHICH, RM/dual-RM for PUCCH NR: Polar coding for PDCCH UL UCI (DL; CA Polar, UL; PC Polar), LDPC for PDSCH/PUSCH, RM for small size of data for PUCCH Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards DUAL Connectivity leverages existing ltedeployments 5G NR makes use of LTE coverage foundation via Dual Connectivity Existing Deployments 5G Augmented Deployments Gigabit LTE, VoLTE 5G NR below 10GHz 5G NR mmWave Gigabit LTE, VoLTE 5G NR above 10GHz Ubiquitous LTE Coverage Seamless mobility 5G NR & low/mid- 640+ 9,500 2.3B+ across 5G NR and 4G LTE band coverage commercial commercial LTE/LTE-A networks devices subscriptions Simultaneously connected to LTE & NR base stations Quick fallback to LTE if blockage in NR link or if UE moves out of NR range Intel 5G – Next Generation and Standards 5G NR Support for Dynamic TDD Improves performance in small cell deployments Cross Link interference in dynamic TDD1 .
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