Published by Archaeology Scotland three times a year. Free to members. ISSUE 14 SUMMER 2012

GARDENS King’s Knot Newhailes Castle Semple A Japanese Garden

MUSEUMS ROMAN FORT Carpow Log Boat Carzield Scotland’s Gardens Digging the Dirt

AS_Summer_2012.indd 1 15/06/2012 13:26:41 2 CONTENTS ISSUE 14 SUMMER 2012 GUEST EDITORIAL 3 FEATURES Issue No 14 / Summer 2012 4. ‘The best and most pleasant situation’ - survey of the King’s Knot ISSN 2041-7039 6. ‘A very pleasing place’. Newhailes historic garden & designed estate Garden Archaeology in Scotland Views and opinions expressed within 8. Castle Semple garden - medieval to Victorian Gardens, by their nature, are self-destructive creations, with Archaeology Scotland magazine are not living components which age and die, leaving little obvious necessarily those of Archaeology Scotland, 9. A Japanese garden - collaborative work between GHS and A-a-M trace of their former existence. Until recently, therefore, the its Board or the Editor. business of conserving historic gardens has depended largely ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS on the study and interpretation of cartographic, pictorial and Published by Archaeology Scotland, documentary sources. Yet, information from such sources can Suite 1a, Stuart House, 10. Bronze Age boat back in the Tay Valley prove to be unreliable and incomplete, unless corroborated by Eskmills, Station Road, 11. Building roads - protecting monuments? field evidence. It is the search for this physical evidence which Musselburgh EH21 7PB has encouraged the development of new techniques which have Tel: 0845 872 3333 seen garden archaeology emerge as a discipline in its own right Fax: 0845 872 3334 NEWS in the last quarter of a century. Given that garden making has Email: [email protected] 12. ARCHAEOLOGY SCOTLAND: Education and Outreach; Adopt-a- been a part of Scottish history since medieval times, there is a Web: www.archaeologyscotland.org.uk Monument progress; Membership; Scottish Archaeology Month wealth of evidence yet to be explored, whether by the use of Scottish Charity SC001723 non-destructive techniques such as aerial or geophysical survey, Company No. 262056 14. OTHER NEWS: Fundraising walk; Members’ Competition or through excavation and the analysis of physical remains. Pioneering work at Aberdour Castle in Fife c.1980 can be seen BOOK NEWS AND REVIEWS as having laid the foundations for modern garden archaeology 15. Review: Roman Camps of Britain; Forthcoming: Scotland’s Lost in Scotland, since when there has been a gradual increase Gardens in the number and variety of projects in which archaeology has played a significant part, as evidenced in this edition of Archaeology Scotland. Thus, we can learn of the early development of the royal gardens associated with Stirling Castle COVER: Topographical and resistivity from Steven Digney’s paper on survey work at the King’s Knot, Traces of former gardens, swept away in the mid 18th century, are survey on the King’s Knot, Stirling © R.E. where local historians and archaeologists have teamed up clearly visible as cropmarks in this aerial view of Taymouth Castle and Jones with staff and students from Glasgow University to examine this golf course, taken in 1976. © C Dingwall 4 6 remarkable, though enigmatic earthwork, which dates at least as far back as the 15th century. Evidence that the Scots nobility, has been a fruitful collaboration with members of the Garden too, were involved in garden making from an early date is to History Society. As at nearby Newhailes, where some remnants be found in Stuart Nisbet’s account of Castle Semple garden. of the early planting and landscaping still survive, one of the This describes the development of this now sadly degraded and challenges faced by the archaeologist is that of separating fragmented landscape from medieval times onwards, initially elements of the original design from later accretions, a process overseen by successive Lords Sempill and, from the early 18th aided by reference to documentary and pictorial records. century, by the McDowall and Harvey families. Here work An encouraging aspect of these papers is the extent to which Editing and typesetting involving members of the Renfrewshire Local History Forum is they have involved partnerships with other bodies and the wider Sue Anderson, CFA Archaeology Ltd still ongoing. community. Whether viewed from an aesthetic or a scientific standpoint, garden archaeology has a crucial part to play in Based on an original design by Another site where archaeology has played a vital part in enhancing our understanding of landscape and social history, Neil Kinnaird gaining an understanding of the evolution of its landscape is Newhailes, by Musselburgh in East Lothian. In his account of and in correcting past misconceptions. It is vital that such 8 9 Newhailes Historic Garden and Estate, Daniel Rhodes outlines work continues, drawing on the experience of others within Deadline for articles and news items for Scotland, and in the wider world. For those interested in an the next issue of Archaeology Scotland is the history of the estate from its origins in the early 18th century, overseen by successive generations of the Dalrymple overview of the subject, there is Chris Currie’s excellent Garden 12 October 2012. Contributions can be Archaeology: a Handbook, published posthumously by the sent by post to the Archaeology Scotland family, until its acquisition by the National Trust for Scotland Council for British Archaeology in 2005. Meanwhile, Scotland’s offices or e-mailed direct to the Editor in 1997. Here, more than ten years of painstaking research archaeologists and garden historians alike can look forward marked ‘ArcScot contribution’. and excavation by the Trust has helped piece together an intriguing story of changing fashions in landscaping. This article to the publication by RCAHMS in September 2012 of Marilyn Brown’s book Scotland’s Lost Gardens, which will be seen to [email protected] emphasises the value of combining physical and documentary evidence in interpreting the history and significance of features draw on her many years’ oversight of the Royal Commission’s The Editor welcomes members’ letters, such as the shell and tea-house. Also based in East aerial photographic survey work, and on its unique collections. which may be edited for reasons of length Lothian is the project described by Cara Jones, dealing with a Christopher Dingwall, Research Adviser to the Garden History and clarity. smaller and much more recent garden, the product of a brief Society in Scotland surge of interest in Japanese gardens around 1900. Here there Copyright for text published in Archaeology Scotand magazine will rest with Archaeology Scotland and the 10 11 individual contributors. Editor’s Note

Water pipe (027) Advertisers should contact the Archaeology trench monitored (022) 103.5m (005)

Entrance (003) The next issue will be on the theme of ‘Community Archaeology’, include copyright details and caption as the name of the file), (034) Scotland offices in the first instance. to Glebe (033) House 0m (031) (038) (020) (021) (004) and will include an article by our Competition Winner. We also although we can scan other formats. Please email contributions AScotland large print version of Archaeology welcome articles about more general themes, specific community direct to me if possible, no later than 12 October 2012. is available on request. Please projects, SAM events and research projects. Members are encouraged to send comments, short articles, contact the Archaeology Scotland office If you plan to include something in the next issue, please let me photos and opinions relating to Scottish archaeology at any time for further information. know well in advance as space is always tight. High resolution for inclusion in our “Members’ Section”. digital images (300dpi+) are preferred for publication (please Sue Anderson, Editor Printed on recycled paper.

AS_Summer_2012.indd 2-3 20/06/2012 11:59:09 4 FEATURES ISSUE 14 SUMMER 2012 FEATURES 5 ‘The best and most pleasant situation’ A survey of the King’s Knot, Stirling ‘at the platting and contriving of his Majesties new gairden excavation it is impossible to say more. If this monument and and orcheard park of Stirling’. The project would have been possible pond really were features of the garden then they were completed in time for Charles’ Scottish Coronation and his stay swept away by the Charles I garden. We also revealed evidence in Stirling in June/July 1633. of 19th-century drainage systems and various other anomalies. Watts and his team appear to have been responsible for All of this awaits further work and testing through excavation. creating the octagonal stepped mound and geometric Historian John G. Harrison has identified two hawthorn trees earthworks we see today. What we do not see, and have no which may be survivors from 1501. One of these died recently record of, is the arrangements of plants, , trees, statues and was then blown over in the December gales. It is hoped that or other ornamental features which would have adorned the dendroanalysis will now follow. Harrison also highlighted the garden. Such extravagances of course contributed to Charles’s great terraces on the nearby Haining Brae as potentially being downfall and eventual execution in 1649. Charles II was in part of the original garden. These may have provided a link Stirling in 1650 and 1651, but war with Cromwell rather than between the garden and castle and could have been planted gardening was his main concern. Extensive repairs to the park with fruit trees. Work to record, understand and preserve these dykes were made in the 1670s but we have no account of any terraces is currently being planned. In the long term we aim work in the garden. It was probably maintained, but after the to investigate various elements of this unique castle landscape death of Charles II in 1685, and the exile of James VII in 1688 which we believe is of national and European importance. the garden became redundant. Survey results can be viewed at the Stirling Local History Society Eighteenth-century visitors to Stirling observed ‘vestiges’ of website: http://www.stirling-lhs.org/kings-knot-survey.html the garden’s grassy walks and but it was in a state The King’s Knot is a Scheduled Monument in the care of of decay and only a few stumps of fruit trees remained. One Historic Scotland. commentator in 1777 noted that through ‘long neglect, and the natural wetness of the soil, the place is now little better than a Stephen Digney, Stirling Local History Society marsh’. The main Knot earthworks were partitioned off and used I would like to thank Dr. Richard E. Jones, Dr. Adrián Maldonado, Dr. for grazing while other parts became lost in cultivated fields. Tessa Poller, Carmen Cuenca-García and John G. Harrison; all our Around 1810 the Knot was truncated by the construction of the volunteers, and the Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum. Dumbarton and Raploch roads. Despite these encroachments the historical value of the King’s Knot was recognised and in 1867 the Office of Works had it carefully restored, leaving it in its present condition. Since the abandonment of the royal garden the earthworks have attracted the attention of antiquarians and local historians. They have consistently held the view that the King’s Knot has a deep and complex history. It has been suggested that the earthworks conceal a lost Roman fort, and the large octagonal mound Single sensor gradiometer surveying © R.E. Jones has been suspected of being a modification of a pre-existing In 2011 members of the Stirling Local History Society and the following year, 1500 plum trees were sent from Culross, while mound, possibly a motte or moot hill, or even a barrow. These Stirling Field and Archaeological Society, together with staff other fruit trees were brought in from the Carse of Gowrie and ideas propose long term multiple reuse of an ancient monument and students of the Archaeology Department of Glasgow Coupar Angus. Fish ponds, and the nearby Park Loch, were by Scottish kings. It has also been linked to the Round Table University, undertook a topographical and geophysical survey regularly stocked with perch, trout and pike. Peacocks (including tradition of Stirling. This seems to have originated in the late of the King’s Knot. Our aim was to investigate and research white ones) may also have been present as they were often sent 14th century when the identification of ancient Stirling as the the royal garden of Stirling using non-invasive techniques, and to Stirling from Scone. Arthurian Snowdon was being propagated by David II. Snowdon give society members and students an opportunity to experience or Sinaudon, according to Romance poetry, was where the Tragically George Campbell was killed along with the king at Round Table was kept. Furthermore Barbour’s The Bruce archaeological fieldwork. The project was jointly funded by Flodden in 1513, but their garden flourished throughout the Historic Scotland and Stirling City Heritage Trust. (c.1375), and Sir David Lyndsay’s Testament of the Papyngo 16th century as an integral part of the royal palace. In 1583 a (c.1529), appear to indicate that there was something below A royal garden associated with Stirling Castle first appears review of the costs for the repair and improvements of Stirling the castle, possibly an earthwork, known as the Round Table. on record in 1453 but it is not until the 1490s, when James Castle for James VI described the park and garden as part of If this is true it may have served as a focal point for the royal IV began the work of creating a ‘new’ or ‘great’ garden that the fine view which made the palace of Stirling ‘the best and tournaments (with Arthurian themes) which took place during the details emerge. Italian Renaissance ideas of gardening as a most pleasant situation of any of his highness’s palaces’. When reigns of David II and the early Stewarts. high art form and the garden as an ‘earthly paradise’ were James VI inherited the English throne in 1603 the royal focus becoming fashionable in northern Europe, and James was quick switched to the palaces of England. James made one more visit All this seemed fairly speculative until 1975 when J.K. St to embrace them. Expansion of the existing garden below the to Stirling in 1617 and some work was done in the garden for Joseph’s aerial photographs revealed the grass marks of a castle began in 1493 with the digging of new boundary ditches that occasion. multiple ditched enclosure around and beneath the octagonal and this seemingly continued in 1496. This first stage may have mound. These ditches can be seen on the ground as slight Within a week of the opening of the first Parliament of Charles depressions and are at least 3m wide and enclose an area involved establishing a bank and ditch boundary which also I in June 1625, a warrant was sent from Whitehall to John, Earl served as a much needed drainage system. In 1497/1498 over approximately 100m across. It would appear, then, that of Mar (Principal Treasurer of Scotland) to appoint ‘a skilfull there really had been an earlier monument. Our survey last 1100 young (possibly fruit) trees were bought for the garden, and well experimented gardener in England’ to reside at Stirling peas and beans were planted, and fish ponds were dug. year involved studying aerial photographs and the use of because the king had been informed that the garden had ‘for topographic survey, resistivity, gradiometry, and radar. Results A new phase began in 1501 with the appointment of George lack of attendance become wilde and overgrown with bushes are promising and we identified what is probably the original Campbell as gardener. At the start of the year, 400 thorn and brambles;’ the state of which ‘being an imputatioun to that ditch system of the James IV garden. This appears to have been trees were bought for hedging. Further trees were purchased wholle kingdome’. trapezoidal in shape and may have included what could be a including sixteen pear trees, many willows, and other William Watts was the chosen gardener and between 1627– central pond as well as the multivallate monument. Judging unidentified trees, as well as diverse seeds. Campbell was 29 a considerable sum (over £1300 (Scots)) was spent on from our geophysics this monument probably had multiple Possible 16th-century garden terracing on the Haining Brae © John G. aided by an unnamed French gardener who planted vines. The provisions, materials and the wages of workmen that worked phases, and the ditches are least 1.6m in depth, but without Harrison

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decorated with pieces of fused and bubbled vitreous industrial material, broken mirrors, glass and ceramics, giving the front ‘A very pleasing place’ of the Shell House a reflective and lava-like appearance. Newhailes historic garden and designed estate The doorway is similarly decorated but the stone used in its construction is carved to create a coral-like appearance. Internally the Shell House was beautifully decorated with shells in geometric patterns. A letter within the Newhailes archives, dated 6 January 1774, suggests that the completion of the Shell House was inspired by Jenny Dalrymple and used material sent by her brother, William Dalrymple, from Canton: “My Dear Sister, So you have really undertaken the arduous task of finishing the Grotto & want my assistance for shell Corals and other things of the kind…I have sent a Box with some roots of trees cut quite with Grotesk stile by the 2nd Mate of the Prima, they will be delivered to Cha Ferguson along with a number of other things to Lady Dalrymple.” Christian Dalrymple’s journals of 1798–1838 often refer to The recovery of fragments of the Tea House and its archaeological the grotto, generally as part of a perambulation of the estate. recording has allowed for a graphic reconstruction © NTS These visits occurred throughout the year but more often in April and October. Most visits appear to have taken place in its inscription, nos humilem, a reference to a line from Horace the afternoon, after Dinner, or in the evening. The spectacle of (for myself, I will sacrifice a humble lamb…), emphasised this to the Shell House on these perambulations was further enhanced the educated visitor. The poet is affecting humility, in contrast to by some startling building and landscape design features. the pomp and ceremony of high office – a sentiment very much An archaeological building survey revealed that the walls of in tune with the character of the Dalrymples’ rural retreat. the Shell House were constructed with flues running through Most recently, archaeological analyses has been carried out on them and a fire pit located at the back of the building. As the the heated walls and glass houses within the Kitchen Garden. Dalrymple family and guests walked the estate, on reaching the These 19th-century elements of the designed landscape attest to Shell House they were met with the spectacle of a large the day-to-day workings of the estate. The walls were designed apparently constructed of volcanic lava inlaid with reflective with a complex system of flues and furnace boxes to allow for glass-like material, and the building itself emanating smoke. All the growing of fruits not usually suited to the Scottish climate. this took place in front of a large pool joined to the Shell House Likewise the complex of glasshouses was designed to include via a decorative waterfall. a wintering house and a furnace and heating scheme which Combined with the launch of Scottish Archaeology Month 2011 would heat all the houses all year round. The complex is made and the involvement of nearly 200 schoolchildren and adults, up of a series of Mackenzie & Moncur structures, a well-known excavation demonstrated the extent of the decoration and design and manufacturing firm from Glasgow. This utilitarian engineering involved in the creation of this four-tiered, 3m high part of the estate continued to produce fruit and vegetable right Newhailes House, Musselburgh. Both the house and estate are conserved in the condition in which they were gifted to the Trust in 1997 making for waterfall. Decorative lava and quartz linked the Shell House up the mid 20th century. Even when the garden was rented a unique multi-period designed landscape © NTS and the , which was constructed to appear to be to others, archival documents attest to an agreement that flowing from below the doorway of the Shell House. guaranteed the occupants of Newhailes one box of produce per Newhailes House is situated to the west of Musselburgh, grounds, which contain a number of highly significant garden day to be delivered to the house. It is thought that the pool was eventually filled in sometime approximately 1km from the Firth of Forth within the parish of buildings and other features including a grotto or shell house, around 1815 and locals attest to the vandalism of the Shell Because the landscape at Newhailes is open to the elements Inveresk, East Lothian, and is surrounded by 43.76 hectares (86 tea house, the Earl of Stair’s monument, terrace walk, bridges, House in the 1950s and 60s, causing much of the decoration and continues to grow, it can be much more difficult to interpret acres) of designed landscape. The estate, house and contents archways, and ha-ha. to collapse into the surrounding landscape, where much has than the house. So the process of research and understanding were donated to the National Trust for Scotland (the Trust) by To the south-west of the house lies a court of Stable Offices been archaeologically recorded. The last two original shell- described in this short article takes time and will continue the Trustees of the late Sir Mark Dalrymple in January 1997. dating originally from the late 17th or early 18th century with decorated timber planks from inside the Shell House were into the future. At Newhailes the visiting public are able to The Trust has adopted a unique conservation philosophy and an early 19th-century classical range and adjacent 19th-century recovered from the nearby burn and have been professional experience the conservation of this landscape as it develops, preserves the house and estate in the condition in which it was cottage. cleaned and conserved by the Trust. These are now housed at and understand the Trust’s work to ensure that its unique gifted, thereby protecting its unique character and the hundreds Newhailes awaiting eventual display. qualities are protected and enhanced for the future. of years of physical evidence that remain. Immediately to the west of the house are the ruins of a flower garden with its fruit store and ice house and beyond, situated The Tea House at Newhailes is an immensely sophisticated and Daniel Rhodes, National Trust for Scotland Sir David Dalrymple acquired the estate of Whitehall in 1709 against the western boundary, is a walled kitchen garden satisfying piece of Palladian design. It is a direct contemporary and initiated immediate improvements, renaming it ‘Newhailes’. containing glasshouses and a late 17th–18th-century doocot. with the internationally acclaimed Palladian bridge at Wilton His son, Sir James, undertook the Grand Tour after 1708 and House, Wiltshire, of 1736–7 (by the ‘Architect Earl’ Henry took over the estate in 1721. In the 1812 publication Memorial During the 18th century in Britain, shell houses or Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke, and Roger Morris). The design to Sir James Dalrymple (by Christian Dalrymple), James is said became a common feature within the designed landscapes for the bridge was originally inspired by Andrea Palladio’s to have improved the grounds to ‘suit the mansion’; planting of upper class estates. As the influence of the Grand Tour rejected design for a triumphal bridge over the Rialto in out the landscape either side of the burn which runs through developed, so too did the adoption of European Renaissance Venice. The bridge was also imitated at Stowe (c.1742) and the estate and forms a central theme throughout its design. He architectural motifs. The earliest grottos originated in classical Prior Park (1756). Newhailes, which joins this august group, is also said to have constructed ponds and waterfalls, forming Greece and were designed to augment natural caves represents a precise copy of one of the that flank pleasure grounds along the water course and, most importantly, containing sacred springs. Later, these shrines became temples the bridge colonnade – thus it was a prestigious structure at building grottoes and walks. or and later still Roman grottos used sea caves for dining and entertaining, and were associated with Venus, the very forefront of contemporary fashion. It is possible that Many of these features are not immediately visible on the estate often including a half dome symbolising her birth from a scallop this shared design occurred when the architect Roger Morris and it has taken a programme of archaeological investigation shell. Roman grottos could also be built at the sites of natural visited the neighbouring Brunstane estate. The recovery of stone starting in 2000 to piece together the remains of a designed calciferous springs where water bubbles out of the ground fragments has allowed the principal façade to be reconstructed landscape and gardens that encapsulates the major aesthetic forming porous tufa deposits. graphically. Each piece was individually numbered, trends of the 18th-century landscape design. photographed and drawn. During research in 2007 and 2008, All of these classical influences can be seen in Newhailes’ Shell The house commands open views to the north-east, across nearly 200 fragments were recovered from the burn which flows House. The building itself is a pavilion c.6m square in plan. below. open and parkland to the Firth of Forth. The house and Its walls vary in height between 3m and 5m. Its main façade main entrance is flanked by woodland groves and pleasure is made up of large water-rounded boulders which have been The Tea House is a building intended for quiet contemplation; Excavations at the Shell House in 2011© NTS

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He also brought garden expert William Bouchert to Castle Semple to lay out his new estate and policies. Bouchert carried out planting and improvements for many other leading estates, including Castle Kennedy, Auchincruive, Blair Castle, Duff House, and Rossdhu. From 1727 to 1730, Bouchert diverted the burn behind Castle Semple to feed water features, including fish ponds and cascades. Beside the ponds, an ice house and a grotto survive. In front of the new mansion, facing the loch, an inner court was formed, enclosed on four sides by the house, the inner east and west pavilions, and a low wall to the front. A stone path crossed the inner court from the front door of the house to the wall, where three steps led up to an outer court, consisting of a flower garden and large oval . To the rear of the mansion, the Colonel retained the footprint of the Semple’s original garden and orchard, covering five acres. By 1780 the old garden was partly a bowling green. In the western half, closer to the Collegiate Church, were vineries, peach and citrus houses, a conservatory and a hot house. The hot house was described as the best in Scotland, equal to that of the Duke of Argyle. From the 1780s, Castle Semple’s garden was transferred 500m north to a new location on a south-facing slope at the old settlement of Sheills. This developed gradually into the massive buttressed walled garden with brick and sandstone details. The walls still survive, although the pavilions and outbuildings have been unroofed for a century and are in a ruinous state. A little piece of Japan in East Lothian © C Jones In 1835 the garden was described as being laid out with great In late 2011, the Garden History Society (GHS) contacted requires basic knowledge of horticulture. The benefits of working Ruined pavilions and garden © S Nisbet beauty, with long ranges of conservatories, hot-houses with the Archaeology Scotland with a conundrum. Experts at reading relict with GHS include allowing us to develop our own knowledge on choicest fruits, a pinery, extensive flower-garden, shrubberies of The estate of Castle Semple in Renfrewshire was the seat of a designed landscapes, one particular garden – situated within a such a subject. This was highlighted by a joint training workshop rare plants, a fish-pond surrounded by every variety of rock plants, leading Scottish landowner since the medieval period. The Semples private home in East Lothian – was presenting a challenge to their we recently held at Newhailes, which introduced the concept of and every requisite for horticultural purposes. were part of the Royal Court from the reign of Alexander II in the usual methods of recording such landscapes. To date, and despite recognising and recording artificial features within the designed 13th century. By the 1580s Castle Semple included gardens, parks Castle Semple estate survives as a Country Park, relatively extensive research by Kristina Taylor of GHS, it is thought that no landscape (skills we use during archaeological field survey) and and woodland, evident on Timothy Pont’s survey. The Semple’s untouched by modern development. Its gardens and policies plan survives of the formal layout of this garden. What does survive relating them to features depicted on maps or plans. During the other seats included Southennan and Levan, both facing the upper provide a unique opportunity to study the estate of leading is a series of family photographs owned by former residents of the workshop it became apparent that upstanding archaeological Clyde, plus Glassford in Lanarkshire. landowners over 700 years and RLHF are continuing research and associated house. The photographs give an insight into the daily features (such as ornate footbridges and artificial waterfalls) fieldwork on the estate. life of the family who once lived there, and also demonstrate the were hinted at by the formal planting of significant trees such as The status of the estate is reflected in charters by King James IV to intricate and beautiful design of a Japanese formal garden. Using Lime and Yew trees. By recognising these specific trees, the GHS John Lord Semple in 1501, granting the lands, park, tower, and Stuart Nisbet, Renfrewshire Local History Forum modern survey techniques together with these photographs, we volunteers spotted that these were significant points within the the fortalice of Lochwinnoch, and lands of Castleton. In 1504 John hope to work out firm locations for some of the built features which designed landscape before we (the archaeologists) had highlighted Lord Semple built a Collegiate Chapel amongst the gardens and no longer survive. the archaeological features. orchards of Castle Semple, just behind the Castle of Semple. The precincts included ten roods (2.5 acres) of land directly adjacent, The Japanese-inspired garden first appears on a large-scale plan Kristina is training an ‘army’ of volunteers who seek to record for priests’ dwelling houses, gardens and fruit trees. produced in 1909. It is shown simply as one small element within undesignated designed landscapes, before they are lost through a wider formal garden. When visiting the site, the first aspect of redesign or redevelopment. By training participants to complete Castle Semple Collegiate Chapel survived the Reformation, and the garden to catch the modern visitor’s attention is the sight and historical research, and to identify upstanding design features or the priest’s gardens merged with Castle Semple’s garden. A sounds of a series of pools and cascades. Water is sourced from the lost locations of key areas within the formal gardens, GHS detailed survey of 1733 shows a scatter of buildings and small an adjacent burn, which also forms the western boundary of the hopes significantly to increase knowledge and understanding of enclosures directly south of the Chapel. Renfrewshire Local History garden, and is channelled into the garden via an underground undesignated designed landscapes. GHS is utilising the enthusiasm Forum (RLHF) have been carrying out fieldwork on the site, inlet. The pools and interconnecting channels are rendered with a and valuable time of volunteers who wish to record these including geophysics, which has identified several structures and cement skim, and stone revetment is visible in places. Larger stone landscapes before they are lost, something which many professional at least one building, possibly a priest’s dwelling, near the Chapel slabs are also used for crossings over the water. We know, from organisations no longer have the time or funding to do. This ethos and garden. the family photographs, that at least one ornate wooden bridge is very similar to Archaeology Scotland’s Adopt-a-Monument The fortunes of the Semples declined in the late 17th century. In spanned a channel, but no upstanding remains of this bridge are scheme. 1726 Castle Semple was sold to Colonel William McDowall, a visible today. Our work with the Japanese garden is ongoing, but we do hope to sugar planter recently returned from the Caribbean. At the same Large stone piles survive around the edge of the garden, perhaps have a better idea of the former layout of the garden soon. We also time, the Colonel purchased the Shawfield Mansion in Glasgow representing distant mountains, forming a dramatic backdrop to hope to continue to work with GHS, not only because we see their with its five acre garden, orchards and pavilions. an elusive key viewpoint within the garden. The most intriguing work as an important element of the heritage sector, but because At Castle Semple, the Colonel demolished the old Castle of surviving feature is a miniature representation of Mount Fuji, again their work so similar to ours – the training of the public to ensure Semple, one of the largest towerhouses in the west of Scotland. On its size indicating that it was meant to have been seen as a distant that cultural heritage monuments and landscapes are recorded the same site he built one of the earliest Palladian country villas in feature on the horizon from a significant location within the garden. before they are lost. Scotland. The mansion had a panoramic frontage, including four Only one feature is depicted on the 1909 plan – a small roofed Cara Jones, Archaeology Scotland pavilions fronting Castle Semple Loch. Although the mansion was structure, shown by a photograph of 1911 to be a tea house. No demolished to its basement in the 20th century, the four pavilions upstanding remains of this survive, and no such structure is depicted If you would like to find out more about the Garden History Society, please survive, each as private dwellings. within the later family photographs, perhaps suggesting that it was see their website www.gardenhistorysociety.com. For more information about short-lived. It is likely that the tea house was the point from which the Adopt-a-Monument scheme and how to get involved, see our web pages In the late 1720s, Colonel McDowall employed surveyor John Watt these landscape features were intended to be viewed. at www.scottisharchaeology.org.uk or call us on 0845 872 3333. I would also to measure the old garden. He described ‘ye old garden in which Beginnings of the post-1780 garden from the Castle Semple Estate Plan like to thank the National Trust for Scotland for letting us use Newhailes for our ye chapel house stands’, enclosed by a wall and measuring 3 acres As archaeologists, this project presents a challenge. Garden by John Ainslie © Renfrewshire Museums workshops, together with Kristina Taylor of GHS. 2 roods. archaeology is rarely taught at undergraduate level, and often

AS_Summer_2012.indd 8-9 20/06/2012 11:59:47 10 ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS ISSUE 14 SUMMER 2012 ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 11 Bronze Age boat back in the Tay Valley Building roads – protecting monuments?

Stone-built barracks and timber stables in the south-eastern quadrant of the fort, a rampart and ditch system around the fort, and an internal road system dividing the fort into six defined areas of use were all identified. A large flue tile found during the watching brief is from a hypocaust heating system and likely relates to the fort’s bath house, which was revealed in excavations in the 1940s and 1950s by the Dumfries Museum Curator, Alfie Truckell. The material assemblage from these earlier excavations, and the subsequent excavation of Roman rubbish pits at the site by James Williams of D&GNHAS, is complemented by the number of artefacts recovered during this recent watching brief. Finds included a fragment of curved roof tile or imbrex, numerous metal fragments including rows of hobnails with mineralised leather adhering, two sherds of black-burnished pottery, one currently unidentified large cast metal object and several pieces of burnt clay. GUARD Archaeology’s post-excavation analyses of this material are currently ongoing and several radiocarbon Roman tile fragments © GUARD Archaeology Ltd dates are proposed to date the deposits, the first such dates to be acquired from investigations at Carzield Roman Fort. One may be forgiven for thinking that road construction simply The watching brief at Carzield highlights the potential for destroys all sub-surface archaeological remains in its path and Preparing to refloat the boat © PM&AG significant archaeological deposits to survive in situ below road time spent looking for archaeology below road surfaces is a surfaces in scheduled areas. In most Scheduled Monuments, Perth Museum & Art Gallery is delighted to announce that waste of time and resources. However, if a firm surface lay in any modern roads or tracks leading across them are included following its excavation in 2006 and six years of conservation the path of road construction, would it be necessary to remove in the scheduled area. There is, however, a significant number treatment, the Carpow Bronze Age logboat has finally returned it? Or would this surface be seen as a useful foundation for the of scheduled sites across Scotland from which roads are to the Tay valley, for display in the Museum. The boat is part ensuing road? What if the road opportunistically uses already excluded in the scheduling process. Nearby is the site of the of the Museum’s Recognised archaeology collection, having existing cobble surfaces as a foundation? It is in this manner Dalswinton Roman Fort which, like Carzield, is crossed by been allocated via Scottish Treasure Trove. The exhibition, ‘The that roads in some cases may actually protect earlier surfaces minor roads which are not included as part of the scheduled Carpow Bronze Age logboat’ opened to the public’s eager and deposits by effectively sealing them in a durable material area. When this is the case it can be attributed to a number of anticipation on 19 March 2012. (tarmac) that is replenished periodically as the road surface factors including the quality and accuracy of scheduling maps wears, therefore continuously reinforcing the protection of any David Strachan (Perth & Kinross Heritage Trust and with funding and their reproduction, the noted exclusion of the road in the subsurface remains. While the destruction of archaeology is an support from Historic Scotland) led a team of archaeologists scheduling, and a specific depth exclusion. However, in the light inevitable consequence of large-scale infrastructure projects, in the excavation and recovery of the boat, which took place of the recent work at Carzield, should other scheduled areas GUARD Archaeology has discovered that, in some cases, roads in a narrow period of low tides in the summer of 2006. The that do not include intrusive roads as part of their scheduling be can actually protect archaeology. boat was transported down to the National Museums Scotland reassessed? Conservation and Analytical Research Laboratory in Granton, During a new water-pipe installation a local resident, John The work conducted by GUARD Archaeology at Carzield Out of the River Tay © PM&AG Edinburgh for the conservation phase, led by Dr Theo Skinner. Williams, who happens to be the Secretary of the Dumfriesshire has shown that even in 0.3m wide utility trenches a wealth of and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society This involved the boat being sliced into three segments, soaked The exhibition runs until 31 January 2013 and Perth Museum archaeology and associated artefacts can be recovered. The (D&GNHAS), observed possible archaeological deposits in the in PEG, freeze-dried and then re-joined. At 9m long the boat is open Monday–Saturday, 10.00–17.00. For further details results will hopefully enhance our understanding of the Roman sides of a new pipe trench excavation as it was being excavated was too big to fit into a freeze-drier, unless flown to Tokyo contact Mark Hall, [email protected]; telephone: + 44 occupation of Scotland and in particular the Antonine period. towards the ramparts of Carzield Roman Fort, at Kirkton a few which, of course, was not feasible. The story of the boat’s (0)1738 783414 or visit the website: http://www.pkc.gov. All of this from a narrow snapshot of the remnants of a Roman miles north of Dumfries. These finds highlighted the value of the conservation, excavation and recovery is told in the exhibition. uk/Education+and+learning/Museums+and+galleries/ fort below an unscheduled road running through a scheduled watching brief, agreed between Scottish Water and Dumfries The other key element of the exhibition is an introduction to the Perth+Museum+and+Art+Gallery/ area. Bronze Age context for the 3,000-year-old boat. Focussing on and Galloway Council, which was carried out by GUARD the evidence from the Lower Tay Valley the display outlines the Mark Hall, Perth Museum & Art Gallery Archaeology Ltd at Carzield Roman Fort. Warren R Bailie, GUARD Archaeology Ltd nature of settlement and resource exploitation (including some The watching brief was undertaken along the modern road that 3,000-year-old hazelnut shells recovered from the boat!), the cuts through Carzield Roman Fort. Several Roman features, way people buried their dead and the making and using of the deposits and artefacts were uncovered within a 90m long, logboat. 0.3m wide and 1m deep (27m²) section of the water-pipe The logboat is the star of the show but the exhibition also trench which led from the south-east edge of the ramparts area marks another first: the display of all the Bronze Age metalwork towards the centre of the fort. These features included four (swords, dirk, spear-heads, axe-heads and other tools) recovered separate areas of cobbled surface 0.3–0.4m below the current from the River Tay, thanks to generous loans from National road surface, which may belong to Roman buildings within the Museums Scotland, Fife Council Libraries and Museums and fort. Below the surfaces were two ditch features extending north- The McManus – Dundee’s Gallery and Museum. The majority west and south-east, three cut features and one spread. were recovered from the stretch of the river between Perth and These features may correspond to the projected layout of Newburgh and permit the interpretaion of votive offerings as a the Roman Fort in Birley and Richmond’s plan. Their keyhole possibility. A series of dramatic paintings of how the boat could excavations in 1939 revealed the form of a cavalry fort built have been used include one showing metalwork being offered to and occupied during the Antonine campaign (c.AD 139–143). Rows of hobnails © GUARD Archaeology Ltd the river, from the boat. Late Bronze Age swords from the River Tay © PM&AG

AS_Summer_2012.indd 10-11 20/06/2012 11:59:56 12 NEWS ISSUE 14 SUMMER 2012 NEWS 13 Archaeology Scotland News Education and Outreach hands-on resources which will be loaned project based at the Grassmarket Community Scottish Archaeology Month 2012 out to schools. It is hoped that by the end Project (GCP) and in partnership with Crisis It has been a busy time for the Learning Team of the year, there will be a comprehensive Skylight Edinburgh. Many of the attendees September is Scottish Archaeology Month – an Edinburgh Archaeological Field Society was over the last three months. set of resources to help learners develop of the GCP are vulnerably housed and annual month-long festival of archaeological also present at the launch, providing a public Archaeology Scotland’s new three-year Youth archaeological skills and use them to explore have never had a chance to take part in a events and activities. The SAM programme display of geophysical survey techniques on Engagement Officer post will provide targeted sites in their area. local history or archaeology project. Over will, as always, feature a wide range of the lawn. Using techniques including resistivity support to young people and youth workers Finally, we would like to welcome Kate the course of 16 workshops we worked events taking place across Scotland, with and magnetometer surveying, they investigated from across the youth work sector. The Youth Schaefer who is with us on an eight week with participants to record and research something to suit all ages and interests. the location of some original features of Engagement Officer will foster the use of placement from Newcastle University, where commercial signage (or ghost signs) and Scottish Archaeology Month, which is Newhailes House, with opportunities for archaeology in youth work through provision she is studying for a Masters in Museum historic shop fronts around the Royal Mile organised by Archaeology Scotland, has been question-and-answer sessions throughout. On of advice and resources and promotion in Studies. Kate has been contributing to the and Grassmarket area in central Edinburgh. running for more than a decade, providing top of this, NTS guides were on hand to give social media. We have educational resources organisation of the ARP conference, the We helped participants develop key research opportunities for the public to find out more regular tours about the history of the house. in the Learners section of our website as well development of learning resources and is skills which included induction at the RCAHMS about the archaeological heritage in their Newhailes’ walled garden was even taken as a host of hands-on equipment for groups supporting the Adopt-a-Monument team on a library, and a visit to the NLS map library. local area, and throughout Scotland. Events over by a Viking encampment for the day. to borrow and use to run archaeological number of initiatives. We also encouraged participants to utilise which take place during SAM include lectures, The very convincing re-enactment group were activities. The Youth Engagement Officer is online resources such SCRAN and Canmore guided walks, digs, practical workshops, re- skilled in a number of Viking crafts, including Catherine Knops, Education Officer to further their research and to develop IT keen to hear from youth workers and young Rebecca Boyde, Youth Engagement Officer enactments and much more. weaving, leather-working, jewellery-making people looking to get involved in archaeology. skills. We all had so much fun working on this Last year, SAM kicked off on 1 September and wood-working. The encampment was [email protected] project and one fantastic outcome from our Developments also include a new Houses and with a launch event at Newhailes House in complete with a smithy and weapons store… work is that the group has continued to meet Settlements activity pack to accompany the Musselburgh, East Lothian, organised by and the invading hordes were prone to the each week to continue researching their local Iron Age artefact investigation kit, as well as Adopt-a-Monument progress Archaeology Scotland in conjunction with the occasional outbreak of (sometimes worryingly history. putting the finishing touches to the supporting Spring and summer 2012 has seen the Adopt- National Trust for Scotland and BBC Hands realistic) Viking violence! materials for the new Industrial Archaeology a-Monument team spring into fieldwork action We have now begun to concentrate on nine on History. The variety of exciting activities Scottish Archaeology Month also comprises a artefact investigation kits, which are now (nothing to do with the warmer weather I Adopt-a-Monument projects, for which we on offer made this a perfect family day out. schools programme, which will see its fourth One of the Vikings prepares for battle… available to borrow. assure you…!). hope to complete the majority of work by An excavation of Newhailes year in 2012. This aspect of SAM aims to © NTS Autumn 2012. We’ve been making steady In addition, the Education Officer has been As you may know we are funded to deliver and Cascade (which also took place over get school groups taking part in hands-on progress with all of our projects and are still public access to buildings of special interest. concentrating on the role of offering advice a series of training workshops, to help some several days leading up to the official launch) archaeological events, both on field trips and getting enquiries from new groups who want and support to those undertaking archaeology of our AaM groups get to grips with specific gave members of the public, including in the classroom. SAM for Schools’ 2011 This year, the September festival season will to get involved. We currently have 65 groups learning through the delivery of a Continuing activities they want to complete as part of school groups, a chance to take part in programme also featured an excavation at also include Homeland Argyll and Bute: a new on our waiting list, demonstrating how much Professional Development session for teachers their projects. In May we held two workshops archaeological digging and finds processing. Newhailes, of the 18th-century shell grotto project, focusing on Bute during its first year, enthusiasm and interest there is out there in East Lothian and online through GLOW, the on the West Coast, which were attended by On the day, younger kids also got in on the within the water gardens. Ideas for classroom for which people from the island will create from volunteers who want to conserve and intranet for teachers. The Education Officer members of four Adopt-a-Monument groups. action with a simulated ‘mini-excavation’ in activities are also provided on Archaeology multimedia exhibitions based on the historical promote their local heritage. Over the next also visited a school in St. Andrews to advise Our first workshop was held at Kilbride Archaeology Scotland’s dig box. Scotland’s website. crofting culture and the Highland Clearances few months we also hope to progress with our on their development of a unit of work for S2 Graveyard – we spent the day getting practice More opportunities for children to explore in the area. SAM and Homeland Argyll and other outreach projects ‘Minding Merkinch’ Scottish Archaeology Month coincides and S3 pupils across the Social Subjects. in measured and plane table survey. At the archaeological techniques were provided Bute will form part of an exciting range of (based in Inverness), Dighty Connect (based with several other heritage festivals across end of May we held a second workshop in by the activity stalls in the courtyard. These cultural festivals taking place on Bute during There are also plans to create e-books for in Dundee) and Women at War (based in Scotland, and we are keen to make the most the Isle of Mull looking at utilising free online featured a forensics workshop with ‘Bucky’ September (including Eat Bute festival, Bute two of the artefact investigation kits, which will Ross and Cromarty) as well as our other of these connections. Borders Heritage Week software (such as Microsoft Photosynth) to the replica skeleton, a pottery excavation stall, Guitar Festival, Festival of Cycling, and Bute be featured on the new Education Scotland AaM projects. Keep up to date with all our and East Lothian Archaeology and Local digitally record archaeologically features. and the chance to find out what people used Linedance Festival.) website, ‘Studying Scotland’. The website progress via our new Twitter account (@ History Fortnight both fall during September, Pictures from both workshops have been to eat by examining (also replica!) prehistoric Archaeology Scotland is now registering events has lots of ideas and resources for activities adoptamonument) and on our Archaeology and have shared their packed events listings posted on our Archaeology Scotland poo. Archaeology Scotland’s investigation for Scottish Archaeology Month 2012, and for teachers and those interested in studying Scotland facebook page. with SAM in the past. SAM is also the partner Scotland across a wide variety of subject Facebook page. More workshops are planned kits provided the chance to handle genuine event of Doors Open Days, which take place plenty more exciting events like last year’s Got an idea for Adopt-a-Monument? areas. this summer and if you have any ideas on Roman and Neolithic artefacts. on weekends in September and allow free will be taking place across Scotland this future workshops we should be holding, Get in touch with the team at adopt@ September! We have already registered events Currently, the Education Officer is working please get in touch. archaeologyscotland.org.uk or 0845 872 in several regions, including a local history on updating the resources available on 3333. mountain walk in Ballater, an opportunity to the website as well as creating new online We have also completed our first outreach project ‘Digging the Scene’, a local history Phil Richardson, AaM Officer discover a Bronze Age log boat in Perth (see resources which can be downloaded and p.10), and tours in Holyrood Park, Edinburgh, which will reveal some of the mysteries of Members mean success! We need new members – please help hunter-gatherer life. We’ve also registered special open days and talks at a variety of You, our members, are very important to us as This year members will help us to: • Be the voice for all those interested in Scottish museums. your support helps us to undertake more work • Provide a learning experience for 1200 preserving our unique heritage Events will be posted on Archaeology each year. We want to ask you to help us a children, young people and special needs Members benefits include: Scotland’s website, via an interactive events little bit more. Can you encourage someone groups • Free subscription to our thrice-yearly map which makes listings easy to find by you know to become a member too? • Advise and assist 20 community groups magazine Archaeology Scotland region or topic. The map will go online during Due to ever increasing costs and pressures to protect their local monuments • Free copy of Discovery & Excavation in June, but events can be added to it throughout on our limited resources we will soon have • Facilitate hundreds of events during Scotland (worth £20) the summer – and remember that anyone can to review our membership rates and as Scottish Archaeology Month (September) • Free access to our education resources register an event for SAM, as long as your you can imagine the costs are not likely to across Scotland including artefact handling kits event is related to Scottish heritage. (Please go downwards. So take advantage NOW • Run field schools/workshops/summer • Free monthly e-newsletter also note that, although in the past SAM has and persuade one of your friends or family schools for all to learn and enjoy • Reduced rates for our field/summer restricted its programme to free events, this members to become a member. • Host a community archaeology schools, workshops and conferences year some events will be charging a small conference • Invitation to our free annual members’ entry fee to cover running costs.) Enclosed with this magazine is our • Continue producing our annual journal membership form. field trip Visit http://www.archaeologyscotland.org. Discovery & Excavation in Scotland • The opportunity to vote on Archaeology As an extra incentive we will enter all returned • Campaign for better legislation to protect uk/ for more information, and to register your Scotland affairs at the AGM event. slips into a free prize draw to win a bottle of our cultural and heritage assets Help us to help you get the most from your 10-year old Glenmorangie whisky. The draw • Encourage farmers and landowners to membership and Scotland’s archaeological Gillian McMillan, SAM Co-ordinator will be made on 13 August 2012. protect archaeology on their land; and heritage. Digging at Newhailes in 2011 © NTS

AS_Summer_2012.indd 12-13 20/06/2012 12:00:09 14 NEWS ISSUE 14 SUMMER 2012 BOOKS 15 Book News and Reviews

Roman Camps in Britain they quickly summarise many of archaeological record. the main assumptions and force Rebecca H. Jones Chapters 8–9 take a very the reader to tackle the thorny comprehensive look at the Roman Camps in Britain closely ontological and epistemological characteristics of Roman camps, follows the recent publication of Dr issues that surround them. where earlier discussion focused Rebecca Jones’ Roman Camps in It is the second half of the book, on broad types; these chapters Caledonian Air Surveys ad here Scotland which is itself the product chapters 5–9 that provided the revel in the detail, addressing of her PhD research on Roman core information on the Roman variations in the shape, type of camps. This work, combined with camps of Britain and cover many gates, and internal features of an earlier joint publication with Dr of the traditional themes of inquiry the camps. Specific mention is Jeffrey Davies, Roman Camps in about Roman camps. A well- made of the recent excavations Wales and the Marches, highlights illustrated chapter on the layout at Kintore, Aberdeenshire, and that Dr Jones is well placed to offer of camps affords much discussion the role of aerial survey and up a synthesis on Roman camps to the still largely elusive subject geophysics in contributing to our in Britain, in fact there is nobody of mathematically calculating the understanding of the internal better placed to illuminate this number of soldiers that could be layout of the camps by mapping topic. housed in the camps, drawing on the distribution of ovens and Dr Jones provides a series of brief the latest archaeological evidence rubbish pits. The section on camps’ Amberley 2012, 176pp. ISBN introductions in the first half of to enrich the discussion of camp annexes is of particular interest 9781848686885, £18.99. the book laying the groundwork capacity. Another chapter focuses as it explores all the possible on antiquarian identification of interpretations of these peculiar discussions. The role of practice of knowledge for the reader. in the Roman military is a subject Specifically, the second chapter field remains, the role of aerial features. The size and distribution Geophysics survey and the potential of of camps are a key focus of that I am sure will see much future offers a useful historical overview debate and this book will provide of the Roman conquest of Britain, LiDAR and geophysical survey chapter 9, which explores the in discovering new camps and valuable topic of classifying camps a valuable contribution to this and is followed by a discussion of debate. I would have liked to see for archaeologists what constitutes a Roman camp contributing to our understanding into groups that can be associated of existing camps. This chapter with separate campaigns, thus a fuller discussion on the factors and the author’s function-based affecting camp placement but T 01684 592266 classification of camps, which are focuses heavily on the work of providing some form of broader the military antiquarians, Melville context. The chapter focuses then I realize that this could be the E [email protected] divided into four types: marching, topic of a whole new area of study. Part of the siege camps, construction camps and Roy, and the clergy, primarily heavily on Scotland as this is where W stratascan.co.uk SUMO Group Price. Likewise the section on the vast majority of the evidence Perhaps Dr Jones will tackle these and practice camps. Chapter 4 issues in the future. specifically looks at the primary aerial discovery concentrates on for the relationship between camps historical sources that relate the work of Crawford, St Joseph and campaigns survives and has Overall the book is extremely well to Roman camps, highlighting and Maxwell. Not only were the been most fully explored. While illustrated, the maps are clear and the fact that while camps are vast majority of camps discovered the discussion builds on the work very useful and the photographs occasionally referenced in in this period of aerial survey, of St Joseph it also challenges convey the author’s points Roman works, the discussion but these scholars were also many of his key theories, offering extremely well. Roman Camps is unfortunately brief and the responsible for the key theories discussion of the different in Britain is sure to become the inferences not always useful in forwarded to understand the sequences of camps in the north, starting point for anyone with an fully appreciating military practice, dating of camps and how specific in particular the large camps that interest in Roman camps. One let alone the camps themselves. sequences of camps related to run north from Newstead towards of the main strengths of the book This is where archaeology can different campaigns. The discussion modern Edinburgh and relate to is that it moves beyond many of make the strongest contribution. then moves on to the reuse in the the re-conquest of Scotland in the the traditional themes of study Members’ Competition These introductory chapters are Roman period and subsequent Severan period. and makes the camps themselves very useful for any reader new to survival of Roman camps. This Throughout the book practice come alive with the activities of the the subject matter but are also is useful for anyone who wishes camps are often a focus of interest; soldiers bivouacked within. to understand the processes that Just a reminder that there’s still time invaluable to anyone familiar with this forms a thought-provoking Review by James Bruhn the study of Roman camps as shaped what is now visible in the running theme in many of the to submit an article about a favourite local site, or to write about your current research, or share your passion for an Forthcoming aspect of Scottish archaeology as part of our writing competition. The chosen Scotland’s Lost Gardens: nation’s vanished historic from the spread of Christianity to survey across the whole country. gardens. Drawing on varied, the Reformation and the Union of RCAHMS creates and curates article will receive a fabulous prize of a From the Garden of Eden rare and newly available the Crowns. Scotland’s National Collections complimentary stay including dinner and to the Stewart Palaces archive material, including the The product of over thirty years of Archaeology, Architecture and bed and breakfast for two at the luxury cartography of Timothy Pont, of research, Scotland’s Lost Aerial Photography. by Marilyn Brown a spy map of Holyrood drawn Hotel du Vin in either Edinburgh’s Old Gardens demonstrates how our Published September 2012, £30. Gardens are one of the most for Henry VIII during the ‘Rough cultural heritage sits within a Town or One Devonshire Gardens in important elements in the cultural Wooing’, medieval charters, wider European movement of Glasgow. history of Scotland. Like any art Renaissance poetry, the Accounts shared artistic values and literary form, they provide an insight into of the Lord High Treasurer, and influences. Providing a unique Your article of up to 1,500 words and social, political and economic modern aerial photography, a perspective on this common remarkable picture emerges of any images (preferably digital at a fashions, they intimately reflect past, it is also a fascinating the personalities and ideals of centuries of lost landscapes. guide to Scotland’s disappeared minimum of 300 dpi) will have to reach the individuals who created them, Starting with the monastic landscapes and sanctuaries – lost us at [email protected] and they capture the changing gardens of St Columba on the gardens laid out many hundreds by 31 August 2012 at the latest. fortunes of successive generations Isle of Iona in the 6th century, of years ago ‘for the honourable of monarchs and noblemen. Yet and encompassing the pleasure delight of body and soul’. This is a fantastic offer so make sure you One Devonshire Gardens, they remain fragile features of parks of James IV and James Marilyn Brown has worked as an V, the royal and noble refuges don’t miss out! Glasgow the landscape, easily changed, archaeological investigator with abandoned or destroyed, leaving of Mary Queen of Scots, and the Royal Commission on the little or no trace. the ‘King’s Knot’, the garden Ancient and Historical Monuments In Scotland’s Lost Gardens, masterpiece which lies below of Scotland (RCAHMS) for more author Marilyn Brown rediscovers Stirling Castle, the history of lost than thirty years, specialising Hotel du Vin, Edinburgh the fascinating stories of the gardens is inextricably linked to in the study of historic gardens the wider history of the nation, through ground and aerial

AS_Summer_2012.indd 14-15 20/06/2012 12:26:10 Archaeology Scotland Fundraising Walk

Walking, talking, learning, having fun with your family and friends – a recipe for a great day out.

Our Great Family FUNdraising Walk is due to take place on 23 September 2012. We will be exploring a part of the Lothians, learning about archaeology and history along a route of 5 or 6 miles. If you are interested in taking part and helping to raise some money for the work that we do, please contact Dianne on [email protected] or 0845 872 3333. Help us continue securing the archaeological heritage of Scotland for its people through our many exciting learning and participative programmes.

Scottish Archaeology Month 2012

From a tour of Ness of Brodgar, Kirkwall, to Down the Dock exhibition at Dumfries Museum, to lunchtime lectures at RCAHMS in Edinburgh, to a night walk at Forvie Kirk, there is something for everyone in SAM 2012

Join us in celebrating Scottish heritage throughout September

Check out our website for the latest events, phone for more information, or email to advertise your event

www.scottisharchaeologymonth.org.uk [email protected] 0845 872 3333

AS_Summer_2012.indd 16 20/06/2012 12:23:36