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Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army on Civil

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ANNUAL REPORT, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1964 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES 1964 IN TWO VOLUMES Vol. 1 Z-2 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1965 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 45 cents CONTENTS Volume 1 Page Letter of Transmittal ---------------------------------- - v Highlights---------------------- ------------------------_ _ vi Feature Articles-Reaction of an Engineering Agency of the Federal Government to the Civil Engineering Graduate..... Ix Water Management of the Columbia River--------_ -- xv Sediment Investigations Program of the Corps of Engineers ----------------------------------- xIx Water Resource Development-San Francisco Bay ... xxv The Fisheries-Engineering Research Program of the North Pacific Division-------- _----------------- xxx CHAPTER I. A PROGRAM FOR WATER RESOURCE DEVELOP- MENT----------------------------------------- 1 1. Scope and status--------------------------------- 1 2. Organization------------------------------------ 2 II. BENEFITS--------------------------------------- 3 1. Navigation-------------------------------------- 3 2. Flood control----------------------------------- 4 3. Hydroelectric power------------------------------ 4 4. Water supply------------------------------------ 5 5. Public recreation use------------------------------ 5 6. Fish and wildlife-------------------------------- 7 III. PLANNING-------------------------------------- 9 1. Policy and procedures_ 9 2. International boundary waters --------------------- 10 3. Project development ----------------------------- 12 4. Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors-------_ 13 5. Coastal Engineering Research Center- --- --- 13 6. Advance engineering and design -------------------- 15 7. Collection and study of basic data --------------_ - 16 8. Research and development--------------------- 18 IV. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS - - -- - 21 1. Navigation ------------------------------------ 21 2. Beach erosion control ----------------------------- 27 3. Flood control (general) ---------------------------- 28 4. Multiple-purpose projects including power--------_ 33 5. Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries-. --- 41 6. Operations (general) ----------------------- 48 V. FUNDING -------------------------------------- 51 1. Funds available---------------------- ------ 51 2. Appropriations------- ------------------------ 54 3. Expenditures (costs)------------------------ 54 VI. OTHER ACTIVITIES ----- ---------------------- 59 1. St. Lawrence River Joint Board of Engineers------ -- 59 2. Flood fighting and other emergency operations----- -- 59 3. Protection of navigable waters--------------------- 63 4. Hydraulic mining, California ---------------------- 64 5. Nuclear explosive studies for civil construction----- -- 65 6. Lake Survey ------------------------------------ 65 7. Washington, D.C., water supply_------ 66 8. Foreign technical assistance_---- 66 9. Publications--_-- ---- _ _ ---- 67 10. Directory of installations and activities_--- 68 II IV Page CHAPTER VII. ECONOMY MEASURES _ _ _ _ 71 VIII. WATERBORNE COMMERCE_----_________ 75 APPENDIX A. GENERAL--Reservoirs of the Corps of Engineers ..... 79 B. NAVIGATION__ _ _-_ -___ 81 1. Total U.S. waterborne commerce---------- 81 2. Project harbors, commerce reported----------- 82 3. Commerce at selected areas 88 4. Ton-mileage of freight carried on U.S. inland water- ways, by system __ 90 5. Project waterways, commerce reported.___ . 90 C. FLOOD CONTROL---------- 105 1. Reservoirs of the Corps of Engineers__ .-_- 105 2. Flood control reservoirs operable June 30, 1964 __ 106 3. Flood control reservoirs constructed by the Corps of Engineers but operated by others__- _ 114 4. Flood damages prevented by Corps of Engineers projects ---- - 116 5. Flood damages prevented during fiscal year 1964- --116 6. Local protection projects_ 118 D. HYDROPOWER __-- 119 E. WATER SUPPLY AND IRRIGATION 121 1. Water supply storage as of June 30, 1964__ 121 2. Irrigation storage as of June 30, 1964-_- 123 Volume 2 Reports on individual project operations and related Civil Works activities published as a separate volume. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Price $4.50. Statistics on Waterborne Commerce of the United States are printed separately. (See ch. VI, sec. 9.) SUBJECT: Annual Report on Civil Works Activities for Fiscal Year 1964 TO: THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY 1. Transmitted herewith is my annual report on the Civil Works activities of the Corps of Engineers for fiscal year 1964. 2. The water resource development program of the Corps of Engi- neers includes the investigation, design, construction, and operation and maintenance of works for navigation, beach erosion control, flood control, hydropower, water supply, water quality control recreation, fish and wildlife preservation, hurricane protection, and related water resource uses, as authorized by law. 3. Volume 1 of my annual report presents a summary of status and accomplishments, changes in policies, and planning to meet long-range future water requirements. It also provides, in appendices, a ready reference to summary data on water resource development by the Corps, regionally and nationwide. 4. Volume 2 contains detailed information in individual projects and programs. Detailed data on waterborne commerce are published separately. 5. The active Civil Works program presently consists of over 3,600 project authorizations with a total estimated cost of over $22 billion. Appropriations for new work have totaled about $13 billion, leaving about $9 billion still required. Appropriations during fiscal year 1964 were $1,097 million, of which $863 million (79 percent) was for construction. 6. This program continues to provide large and widespread benefits to the Nation. Items of major significance are: a. Navigation. Commerce on the Great Lakes daring calendar year 1963 amounted to 95 billion ton-miles, and on the inland and intracoastal waterways system, 139 billion ton-miles. These two segments of our national transportation system carried about 15 percent of the Nation's intercity ton-milage of freight. Total water- borne traffic of the United States amounted to 1,174 million tons, of which the distribution to coastal harbors and channels, Great Lakes harbors and channels, and inland and intracoastal waterways was 47, 16, and 37 percent, respectively. b. Flood control. Flood damage prevented by projects in operation is estimated to total $12.5 billion, including about $650 million during fiscal year 1964. c. Hydropower. Although hydroelectric power activities of the Corps began with operation of a 1,800-kilowatt plant on the St. Marys River, Mich., in 1909, most of the existing capacity has been provided during the post-World War II period. Installed capacity as of June 30, 1964, was 8.5 million kilowatts, or about 22 percent of the hydro capacity and 4 percent of the total electrical capacity of VI the Nation. Energy generated in fiscal year 1964 amounted to over 33 billion kilowatt-hours, or about 18 percent of the hydro energy and 3 percent of the electrical energy generated in the Nation. The total energy generated through June 30, 1964, amounted to about 318 billion kilowatt-hours. d. Water supply. The Corps provides about 2.3 million acre-feet of storage for water supply in 27 reservoirs, which supplements the water supply for more than 2 million people in 72 cities, towns, and rural areas. A dependable supply estimated at more than 1,300 million gallons per day is available from storage now in operation. About 5.5 million acre-feet of storage space is being utilized, either exclusively for irrigation, or jointly for that and other purposes. Large quantities of water made available by power releases and evacuation of flood control storage improve the quantity and quality of downstream flows. e. Public recreation use. Both reservoirs and navigation projects furnish excellent opportunities for public outdoor recreation use. Attendance was 147 million during calendar year 1963, an increase of 16 percent over the preceding year. 7. The Corps of Engineers continued, at an accelerated pace, its program for conserving, developing, and putting to use the Nation's water resources in support of economic growth. W. K. WILSON, JR. Lieutenant General, USA Chief of Engineers Highlights-Corpsof Engineers Water Resources Development Fiscal years, except as noted otherwise Cumu- Item _____ _ _ __ lative through 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 1964 I. APPROPRIATIONS1 ($ MIL- LIONS): A. New work: 2 1. Navigation_-_ 216 204 204 211 209 190 141 135 88 42 25 31 47 48 60 3, 807 2. Flood control 387 353 325 286 286 278 226 212 143 91 82 148 151 173 231 5, 035 2a. Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries 3____ 54 53 55 55 52 52 44 47 37 31 37 45 46 47 52 1, 347 3. Multiple-purpose incl. power___ 259 266 237 258 215 190 126 157 211 204 208 272 278 296 240 4, 185 4. Beach erosion control- 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 12 Subtotal, new work__ 863 825 767 756 711 659 493 505 445 337 315 451 477 517 531 13, 039 B. Other work 4______- - _____- 234 221 208 180 162 157 146 134 167 107 112 111 140 102 110 4,028 Total (A+B) 1,097 1,046 975 936 873 816 639 639 612 444 427 562 617 619 641 17, 067 II. NAVIGATION (calendar year): A. Commerce (billions of ton-miles): 1. Coastal harbors and channels: la. Foreign. _
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