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Al-Olabi, Adnan Al-Hamwi

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Al-Olabi, Adnan Al-Hamwi A Study and Edition of lmdm 'Abd al-'Azlz b. 'Al! b. al-'Izz al-Baghddd-i al -Bakfif al -Ijanbal! al-Maqdis! Junnat al-$dbir-in al-Abrar Wa Jannat al-Mutawakkil-in al-Akhydr Adnan al-Hamwi al-Olabi Submitted to the University of Wales in falfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. University of Wales, Lampeter 2003 2 (Abstract) (Junnat al-&bir-in al-Abrar, Wa Jannat al-Mutawakkirin al-Akhydr) A valuable manuscript written on 266 pages by Imam 'Abd al-'Az-iz b. 'All b. al-'Izz al-Baghdad7i al-Bakr-i al-Uanball al-Maqdis! (770-846 AH / 1369-1443 CE) Chief Justice of Holy Jerusalem. The original manuscript is available at the Arab Academy of Knowledge, Damascus and a copy at Jum'ah Al-Majid Centre for Culture and Heritage, Dubai. The author gathered all verses of patience and trust in Allah and explained them. He derived evidence from the Prophet's tradition, companions, and successors. He cited incidents of the Prophet's biography underlining the value of patience and trust in Allah as an ethical tenet which all heavenly doctrines preach and which the magnanimous Islamic doctrine has adopted as a basic principle of its mission. The book could be classified as an objective exegesis and represents a comprehensive and unprecedented study. This research is divided into two sections: Study and Revision. The study contains an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. In the introduction I discuss the subject's importance, selection motive, objectives, former studies, and difficulties encountered. The first chapter is specified for the author's biography: His time and life. The second chapter contains the description, study, and manuscript criticism; divided into two topics: Study of the book and my work in the revision. The conclusion sums up the results, proposals, and recommendations. Selected samples of manuscript sheets are appended. The revision section was accurately completed using an objective scholarly method to regulate the text, supply punctuation marks, number pages, rewrite text in accordance with modem rules of dictation, locate suras and verses, refer Had-iths to their sources, explain vague utterances, conform Qur'anic texts to Uthmani scripture, define idioms, verify jurisprudence issues, correct grammatical mistakes, and describe eminent persons and places. The revision is concluded with general technical indexes. 4 Acknowledgments Praise be to Allah, by whose blessing righteous deeds are accomplished. May the blessings and peace of Allah be upon Prophet Muýammad, the leader of those who show patient perseverance and of those who place their trust in Allah. May the blessings of Allah also be upon his kinsfolk and companions who, because of their faith, patience and trust, have been elevated to the highest and noblest of positions. I would like to express my gratitude to the Theology, Religious and Islamic Studies Department of the University of Wales Lampeter for giving me the opportunity to undertakethis researchdegree in Qur'anic exegesis. Moreover, I would like to thank the worthy Dr. Dawoud El-Alami for his generous sponsorship and kind supervision. I would also like to thank the many many esteemed professors and friends who have, through their advice and support, greatly assisted in the development and completion of this project. In particular, I would like to thank the studious Dr. Mubammad Muti'e Al- ljdfe?, for his tireless effort, as well as the immense patience he has shown in reading and following up my work. I ask Alldh to reward all of them on my behalf with the best of rewards. 5 Contents Page No. Abstract 2 Declarations & Statements 3 Acknowledgements 4 Contents 5 Dedication 9 Transliteration Methods 10 Part One: A Study of the Author and his Work 13 Introduction: 14 1. Research ObjectivesA4ethodology 14 11. The Importance of the Subject 14 111. Reasons for the present Study 18 IV. Research Objectives 20 V. Previous Studies 21 VI. Difficulties Encountered 27 Chapter One: The Life and Times of1mam al-Maqdis7 28 A: Historical Background 28 1. The Political Environment 28 11. The Social Environment 31 111. Trade & the Economy 33 IV. Education & Culture 35 B: The Author's Life 42 1. PersonalDetails 42 11. Birth Date, Home Town & Family 43 6 Ill. Tutors & Students 46 IV. Academic Status & Career History 49 V. Personal Characteristics 52 VI. Academic Legacy 61 VII. The Author's Death 63 VIII. Biographical Sources 63 Chapter T wo: Literary & Manuscript Analysis 70 A: Literary & Textual Analysis 70 1. The Author's Approach 70 11. The Sources of Junnat al-Wirin 74 III. Academic & Scientific Value 76 IV. Literary & Textual Criticism 87 B: Manuscript Analysis 90 1. Title Verification 90 11. Authentication of Authorship 90 111. Physical Description of the Manuscript 92 IV. Revision Methods 96 Conclusion: 100 I. Results of the Study 100 11. Suggestions & Recommendations 102 Appendices: 104 1. Manuscript Specimens 105 11. Biographical Information 110 111. Glossary of key terms 125 IV. Rulings on Issues of Jurisprudence & Doctrine 131 7 Indices: 139 1. Index of Qur'anic Surahs 140 11. Index of Proverbs 142 111. Biographies of Prominent Figures 143 IV. The Author's Sources 146 V. Terms & Definitions 150 V1. Jurisprudenceand Legal Verdicts 155 Bibliography 156 Part Two: A Revision of the Manuscript 182 Text, Revision & Commentary of- Junnat al-&birin al-Abrar Wa Jannat al-Mutawakkil-in al-Akhydr 182 8 In The Name Of Alldh, The Most Compassionate, The Most Merciful All Praise is due to Allah, Cherisher and Sustainer of all the Worlds Allah, The Most High said: 'Those who persevere in patience, and repose their trust in their Lord and Cherisher'. Prophet Mobammad (p.b. u. h) said: 2 'The truest is that is the first persevering patience which shown at stroke' . He also said: 'Tether it (i. the then trust in Alldh -) e., she-camel) and repose your .3 A poet said: 'Patience is as bitter as aloes in taste, but its consequencesare sweeter than honey' Ab-a Shamah said: 'If we repose our trust in Him, He will defend us against evil; so, let us say: "Alldh is satisfactory for all we need; He is the Most Dependable to trust in 99ý 1 Al-'Ankabfit: 59. (The Holy Quran, English translation of the meanings and Commentary), P: 1169. 2 Related by al-Shaykhdn. Sahil al-BukhaCi,Hadlith No: 1283. & Sahill Muslim, Hadilth No: 926. *1 3 Related by al-Tirmidhi. Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Had-ithNo: 2517. 9 Dedication To those who call to the path of Allah and show patient perseverancein communicating a word of righteousness, To those who have patiently borne the weight of calamity in order to please Alldh, To those who have placed their trust in Allah, out of a surrender of their lives to Him and from their firm belief in Him. To all such people, I dedicate this book. 10 Transliteration Methods: All transliterated words (except proper names) are printed in italics. Consonants: 1/1) Z/z j Q/q B/b S/s K/k T/t Sh/sh L/I Th/th $/s M/m J/j P/d N/n Jo T/t -A H/h Kh/kh J& Z/z W/W D/d Y/y Dh/dh Gh/gh Final form RIr F/f Vowels: Short Long Doubled Short Long Doubled lyya Ya A/a I A/d Ls U/U J- Aw Ay :sI TA 11 The Rules of Application Arabic letters, which may be romanised in different ways depending on their context: 1. As indicated in the table. The letters (j) and (cs) may represent: (a) The consonants Romanised (W/w) and (Yly) respectively: Wad' 'Iwad Dalw Yad Ijiyal Tahy (b) The long vowel Romanised (U) and (I) respectively: S-ftrah Dha Tman F! ua' (c) Diphthongs Romanised (A Wlaw) and (A Ylay) respectively: Awj Nawm Khawf Shayh 'Aynay Aysar 12 2. When used as orthographic sign without phonetic are not represent in romanisation, such as words: llýxl Fa'alU-, ýAlýt 3. When a noun or objective ending in (S) (ta' marbfita) is Romanised (h) for ýý A4 example: = Maktabah, = Mir'dh, = Junnah. 4. When a noun or objective ending in ýý (ta maft-abah or mabsfitah) is Romanised (T). for example: ý:Jtý = Janndt, ý:JUII = Aydt. 5. Each Arabic word is Romanised based on its phonetic before vocalisation. For example: .w' )ý = 'Abd Alldh (not 'Abdullah or 'Abdalldh or 'Abdilldh). JI) 6. When used (1-ý, >%2 (Al) (al-Ta'r-if) is used for both: (Lam Shamsiyydh) and (Lam Qamariyydh) For example: we use both like (Ldm Qamariyydh) ->41ý1- = al-Shams,and al-Qamar. 7. At stopping on the end of 'Arabic letters, we use the silent letter (Ijarf sdkin) =(). 1-ý L>4 For example: J ('A'fidh bi Allah min al-Shaytdn al- Rajim). 8. The term IBN (meaning son) is used in a number of different ways. When it appears between two pronouns it should be written in the shortened form of 'b. '; when it appears at the beginning and is separate, it should be written in the complete form of 'IBN'. 13 Part One: A Study of the Author and his Work 14 Introduction: I. Research Methodology: The aim of this thesis is to critically examine and revise the manuscript text of Imdm 'Abd al-'AzU b. 'All b. al-'Izz al-Baghdad7ial-BakCi al- Ijanbal! al-Maqdisi's Junnat Al-ýdbir7n Al-Abrdr, Wa Jannat Al-Mutawakkil-in Al-Akhyar ('The Shield of the Piously Patient and the Garden of the Trustful Elite'). An objective, scientific approach is absolutely essential. It is vital that we establish a critical, systematic and accurate text.
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