Copyright© AE&M all rights reserved. Accepted onJan/26/2016 Received onMarch/5/2015 [email protected] –RioBranco, 69920-900 AC, Brasil BR 364,km04 Instituto deGenéticaeBioquímica Universidade Federal do Acre Romeu Paulo MartinsSilva Correspondence to: (UFU), Uberlândia,MG,Brasil Universidade Federal deUberlândia Araxá (Uniaraxá), Araxá, MG,Brasil Acre (UFAC), RioBranco, AC, Brasil Desporto, Universidade Federal do 62 D INTRODUCTION DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000200 3 2 1 by testosterone, androgen steroid hormone produced produced hormone steroid androgen by testosterone, anabolism. protein and due to exacerbation ofthedeclineproteolysis diabetes (2). in ofinsulin,whichresults intheproduction reduction insulin.Thiscausesalarge cellsproducing pancreatic lesions in the These substances cause irreversible chemical substances such as alloxan or streptozotocin. individuals (1). blood glucoseinuntreated inincreased resulting original article Instituto deGenéticaeBioquímica, Centro UniversitáriodoPlanaltode Centro deCiênciasdaSaúdee Besides insulin, protein anabolismisalsostimulated Besides insulin,protein The deficiencyofinsulincauses lossofmusclemass Diabetes canbeinducedinexperimentalanimalsby in the production oractionofinsulin,both, in theproduction iabetes mellitusischaracterizedbyadeficiency
Mario daSilvaMario Garrote-Filho Anabolic steroid;aging;diabetes;physicaltraining Keywords diabetic animals. of visceralfatlevels,improvement inaerobicmetabolismoffatty acidsandglucoseinnormal with improvement inphysiological characteristics, withincreaseoftheswimmingtimeanddecrease followed bymaximaleffort testcausedchanges hematologicalandbiochemical canbe associated with inflammation. intensity aerobicexercise.However, itwas relatedtochanges inleukocytecount,probablyassociated older ratsresultedinimprovement inerythrogram,lipidogramandphysical performanceforhigh- with alloxan-induceddiabetes physical parameters inolderrats on somehematologicand associated withphysicaltraining Influence oftheusetestosterone Romeu Paulo Martins SilvaRomeu Paulo Martins Objective: ABSTRACT Tukey test. and creatinekinase. The resultswerecomparedusingone-way ANOVA followedbytheposthoc erythrogram, leukogram,lipidogram and serumlevels of glucose,lactate,aspartate aminotransferase for removal ofbloodandvisceralfat. We evaluatedmaximumswimtime,weightofvisceralfat, the endofsessions, animals were subjected to swimming until exhaustionandthenkilled day forfourweeks. The NT applicationoftestosteronetwiceaweek. andDTgroupsreceived At (DT). They weresubmitted to20 sessions ofswimmingwithoverload (5%bodyweight),40min/ intofourgroups:normal(N),treated (NT),(32) weredivided diabetic(D)andtreated treatment withanabolicsteroidssubmitted physical training. Nelson Eurípedes Matildes Junior Matildes Nelson Eurípedes This studyinvestigated thepossiblebloodchanges inwistarratselderlywithandwithout Results: Arch EndocrinolMetab. 2017;61(1):62-9 Conclusion: Inelderlydiabeticrats,theuseofanabolicassociatedwithphysical trainingin The combinationoftheusetestosteronewithphysical training, 1,2 , OtáviodosSantos Rodrigo 3 and to remain inhomeostasis(11). and toremain so thatthebodycansupply ahigherenergy demand metabolic adjustmentsinthe immediateorlongterm of leukocytesandothercells ofdefense(10). (9), by changing the activity body’s immune response oflacticacid. production inglucosefall(7,8)andincreased glycogen, resulting theuse of concentration ofbloodcellsandincrease experimental animalstophysicalactivity(6). thetoleranceof muscle againstfatigue,whichincreases ofskeletal theresistance compounds canimprove (5). mass(4)andmusclestrength increased by , Pâmella Ferreira Rodrigues the testes and the adrenal (3).Testosteronethe testesandadrenal promotes Physical exercise causes numerous physiological and causesnumerous Physical exercise Testosterone canalsoassistinmodulatingthe can alter the The intense physical exercise withthese isevidencethattreatment There 2 , Antônio Vicente Mundim ,Antônio Vicente Materials andmethods: Arch Metab. Endocrinol 2017;61/1 2 , 2 , Penha-Silva Nilson
3 ,
Elderlyrats 3 physical training. biochemical variables in diabetic rats under aerobic onphysical,hematologicaland of anabolicsteroids stillneedtobebetterknown(12). with theexercise of thecombinationmanysyntheticanabolicsteroids the tolerance to physical activity (6), the effects increase of two weeks. During this period, the animals were of twoweeks. Duringthisperiod,the animals were subjectedtoanadjustmentperiod The animalswere Adaptation andphysicaltrainin g balanceddietandwater ad libitum. fed withstandard set to12hoflightanddarkness.Allanimalswere photoperiod withcontrolled between 22-25°Cinaroom inside thechamberofvivariumwasmaintained 30 cm)withanaverageof3ratspercage.Thetemperature keptincollectivecages(100x50 The animalswere Containment andnutrition (DT). diabetic animalswithtreatment (NT)and animalswithtreatment animals (D)normal diabetic (N),untreated animals withouttreatment (eight ratsineach):normal randomly intofourgroups ), distributed race(Rattusnorvegicus Wistar from For thisstudyweused32malealbinorats(12months) Experimental groups diabeticandusedinthestudy (1). considered thanorequalto126mg/dLwere fasting glucosegreater ratsthathadlevelsof Two weeksafterthattreatment, solution.but onlywithinjectionofacitratebuffer similarhandling ratsunderwent weight). Thecontrol pH4.5(35mg/kgbody USA) in0.01Mcitratebuffer, vein) ofalloxanmonohydrate(Sigma,StLouis,MO, intravenous injections(tail of fasting,animalsreceived (13). After 24hours describedinliterature the protocols Induction ofexperimentaldiabetesmellitusfollowed Induction ofdiabetesbyalloxan – Brazil. the FederalLawguidelines,11,794,October8,2008 (CONCEA)andwith for AnimalExperimentsControl Experimentation (COBEA), with the National Council oftheBrazilianCollegeAnimal recommendations withthe The studywasconductedinaccordance MATERIALS ANDMETHODS Arch Metab. Endocrinol 2017;61/1 The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects The purposeofthisstudywastoanalyzetheeffects can Although itisknownthatanabolicsteroids
temperature maintained between 30 and 36 °C (14). maintainedbetween30and36°C(14). temperature swam inanadaptedtankwithdepthof48cmandwater intensity, with5%body weighttiedtothetail.Theanimals consisted ofsessionsswimmingwithmoderate was higherthanachievedinotherstudies.Theexercises to Friday, between 2 and5PM.Thisperiodoftraining forsixweeks,Monday the 40minofphysicalexercise andSundays. on Saturdays with rest 40minattheendoftwoweeks, by 10minuntilreach increased daysthedurationofexercise three min. Every with initial duration of 10 subjected to physical exercise D) received intramuscularinjectionsofpeanut oil(15). D) received week (onTuesdays andFridaysat4h30minPM). with syringes of 1 mL (15 mg/kg body weight) twice a peanut oil,qs decanoate, 100mg;benzylalcohol,0.1mL;and 60mg;testosterone isocaproate, 60 mg;testosterone phenylpropionate, 30mg;testosterone propionate, (testosterone ofesterstestosterone of themixture intramuscularinjections received the NTandDTgroups During thesixweeksofphysicaltraining,animals Treatment withanabolic inhibition of glycolytic activity. Thesesamples were into vialscontaining50µl of 1%sodiumfluoridefor glass,directly each animal,usingheparinized capillary thetailof from transferred of 25µlbloodwere and after the exhaustion test, samples Before treatment. takenattheend ofsixweeks The bloodsampleswere Collection ofbloodsamples analytical balance. fat, mesenteric and epididymal in the retroperitoneal tocollect wasperformed in guillotine.Laparotomy ketamine and xylazine and sacrificed by decapitation anesthetizedwith until exhaustion,theanimalswere sterile papertowels.Afterthelastsessionofexercise dried with carefully on abench.Bodyandtailwere thewaterandplaced from removed the animalswere than10s.Oncetheexhaustionwasreached, for more the animalcouldnotkeeptheirnosesoutofwater thattheexhaustionwasachievedwhen It wasconsidered until exhaustion. subjected tointensephysicalexercise At theendofsixweekstraining,animalswere Test ofmaximumeffortandsacrificeanimals After the adjustment period, the animals maintained After theadjustmentperiod,animalsmaintained Animals not treated with the anabolic (groups N and Nand withtheanabolic(groups Animals nottreated Testosterone associatedwithphysicaltraining inolderdiabetesrats 1 mL)(Durateston™,Organon, Brazil), 63
Copyright© AE&M all rights reserved. Copyright© AE&M all rights reserved. of biochemicalanalysis. untilthetime underrefrigeration sealed vialsand stored centrifuged at 720 xg (3 mL),collectedintubeswithoutanticoagulant,was thehematologicanalyses.Thesecondsample perform 64 + TAG /5)(16). - (HDL using the equation LDL-C = total cholesterol low-(LDL-C)wascalculated of lipoprotein, cholesterol 1H).The (Qualitrol serum (Calibra 1H)andcontrol withcalipers calibrated andmeasured previously automatic multichannelanalyzer(ChemWell, USA) kits(Labtest)in methods, usingspecificcommercial byautomated determined (HDL-C)were lipoprotein (TAG)triacylglycerols ofhighdensity and cholesterol aminotransferase (AST)andlevelsoftotalcholesterol, kinase(CK)andaspartate The activitiesofcreatine AST andCK Lipidogram anddeterminationofserumactivities microscope. inoptical by themethodMay-Grünwald-Giemsa stained withpreparations performed of leukocytewere counting France). Theidentification and differential cell counterABCVet (ABXDiagnostics,Montpellier, out in the automatic was also carried The leukometry Leukogram specific torats. (ABX Diagnostics,Montpellier, France)usingcard in automated cell counter ABC Vet performed were corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)], mean corpuscularhemoglobin(MCH)andthe indices[meancorpuscularvolume(MCV), erythrocyte ofthe includingthedetermination The erythrogram, Erythrogram Yellow Springs,Ohio,USA). L-Lactate,USI, an automaticanalyzer(YSI1500Sport methodin lactate wasanalyzedbyelectro-enzymatic apparatus (Roche,SãoPaulo,SP, Brazil).Theblood usingtheAccu-Chek The bloodglucosewasdetermined Dosage ofglucoseandlactate tubes containingK Thefirstsample(1mL),collectedin puncture. cardiac collectedby exhaustion test,twobloodaliquotswere ofglucose andlactate.Afterthe used fordetermination Testosterone associatedwithphysicaltraining inolderdiabetesrats 3 EDTA asanticoagulant,wasusedto and the serum was transferred to to was transferred andtheserum D than in all the other groups (N, NT and DT), for a (N,NT andDT),fora D thaninalltheothergroups (TAG) triacylglycerols significantly higheringroup were Theconcentrations of groups. of ratsdifferent incomparisonwithD(p in theDTgroup (p groups between wasnodifference eosinophilsthere Regarding N(p withgroup only intheDTwhencompared in D(p lowerinDTthan were The valuesofbandneutrophils N(p withgroup compared in theDTgroup inthecountoflymphocytes,sinceitwaslower reversed studied(p among allgroups hadthehighest count theDTgroup to totalneutrophils, withanabolic(p oftreatment presence inboththeabsenceand groups diabetic andnormal ( animals totheuntreated values ofleukocytesinrelation showedhigher groups Thetreated groups. different (p the othergroups rats than in normal of treated was higher in the group mean corpuscularhemoglobinconcentration(MCHC) N(p (NTandDT)thaningroup groups corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH)washigherintreated thaninNT(p higher inDTgroup (Nand D), being withtestosterone nottreated were that (NTandDT)thaningroups groups in treated mean corpuscularvolume(MCV)wasalsohigher withanabolic(p oftreatment presence intheabsenceand groups diabetic andnormal intheseparametersbetween wasnodifference there NandD(p groups tonon-treated relation NTandDTin groups higherintreated values were cellcountandhematocrit of hemoglobin,thered Theconcentration groups. ofdifferent erythrogram Table theaveragevaluesobtainedin 1presents RESULTS SanDiego,CA,USA). Prism 5(GraphPadSoftware, conducted using the application GraphPad tests were whenp significantlydifferent considered with useofANOVA, withposthocTukey test,andwere compared were groups betweenthedifferent The results Statistical analysis higher in group D in relation to groups treated with with treated togroups Dinrelation higher ingroup ( p p < 0.05). The concentration of total cholesterol was was < 0.05).Theconcentration oftotalcholesterol < 0.05). But no difference was observed between between wasobserved < 0.05).Butnodifference Figure 1 shows the results obtained in lipidogram obtainedinlipidogram 1showstheresults Figure Table ofleukocytecountsin theresults 2presents < 0.05). The segmented neutrophils were higher higher were < 0.05).Thesegmentedneutrophils > 0.05). For monocytes, the counts were lower lower > 0.05).Formonocytes,thecountswere < 0.05). < 0.05). The situation was < 0.05).Thesituationwas Arch Metab. Endocrinol 2017;61/1 < 0.05). The mean < 0.05).Themean > 0.05). In relation > 0.05).Inrelation > 0.05). The > 0.05).The < 0.05). < 0.05. The <0.05.The < 0.05). The < 0.05).The < 0.05). But < 0.05).But < 0.05). < 0.05). < 0.05). < 0.05).
(p <0.05)whencompared by Tukey test. N, NT, DandDTrepresentnormal, treatednormal, diabeticandtreatedrats, respectively. Values withthesamesymbolaresignificantlydifferent Figure 1. Plasmaconcentrations of triacylglycerols, totalcholesterol, LDL-cholesterolandHDL-cholesterolafterthemaximalexercisetest. The symbols Averages followedbysameletter arenotdifferent(Tukey) atasignificancelevelof0.05. Table 2. Leucogramof Wistar ratssubmittedtosixweeksofregularexercisefollowedbymaximalefforttest concentration. Averages followed by same letter are not different (Tukey) at a significance level of 0.05. MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin Table ofratssubjectedtosixweeksregularexercisefollowedby maximalefforttest 1.Erythrogram ( (N),fora tothehealthyratswithouttreatment relation the anabolic(DTandNT),fora(p Arch Metab. Endocrinol 2017;61/1 p Leukocytes (cells/µl) Hemoglobin (g/dL) Band neutrophils(%) Monocytes (%) Basophils Eosinophils (%) Lymphocytes (%) Segmented neutrophils(%) Total neutrophils(%) Variables MCHC (%) MCH (pg) MVC (µm Hematocrit (%) (10 Erythrocytes Variables > 0.05). The values of HDL-C showed no changes 0.05). The values of HDL-C showednochanges > 3 ) 6 /µl) < 0.05), but not in < 0.05),butnotin 4100.0 ±486.5 12.67 ±1.62 30.21 ±0.50 16.50 ±0.38 45.50 ±3.59 52.57 ±1.71 8.09 ±0.19 58.6 ±5.4 34.7 ±7.4 37.6 ±7.7 2.9 ±0.9 5.6 ±1.5 1.6 ±0.5 Normal Normal 0 a,b a,b a Without treatment Without treatment b b a a a a a a a a
4612.5 ±458.0 17.60 ±0.55 31.30 ±0.91 55.62 ±2.38 44.85 ±4.40 12.63 ±1.15 45.8 ±11.15 38.8 ±12.0 7.78 ±0.45 46.1 ±12.1 6.9 ±3.9 0.8 ±0.7 7.0 ±5.6 higher in group D only in relation to group NT(p togroup Donlyinrelation higher ingroup (p testosterone with physical training and treatment from resulting Diabetic Diabetic 0 Testosterone associatedwithphysicaltraining inolderdiabetesrats a a a a,b a a a,b a a a a a a > 0.05). The concentration of LDL-C was > 0.05).TheconcentrationofLDL-Cwas 6025.0 ±384.5 57.25 ±2.18 17.86 ±0.67 51.32 ±3.07 14.61 ±0.80 32.61 ±0.84 8.85 ±0.44 55.6 ±5.6 39.3 ±7.7 41.3 ±7.0 5.8 ±3.5 2,0 ±1.4 1.4 ±0.5 Normal Normal 0 a,b b a a,b a,b a b b,c b b b With treatment With treatment b 6000.0 ±1192.0 17.93 ±0.44 51.77 ±2.20 14.61 ±0.83 30.70 ±1.24 59.62 ±3.50 8.69 ±0.40 2.51 ±0.9 47.5 ±5.1 50.4 ±5.5 52.9 ±5.2 2.2 ±2.0 1.3 ±0.7 Diabetic Diabetic 0 < 0.05). < 0.05). b a b a a b b b b a c b 65
Copyright© AE&M all rights reserved. Copyright© AE&M all rights reserved. between groups before the effort test (Figure 2),fora test(Figure theeffort before between groups D(p group higherin butstillremained all experimentalgroups, testin significantlyafterthemaximaleffort dropped (p the DTgroup followed byglucose washigherintheDgroup, the test, blood Before groups. for rats of different andafterthetestofmaximaleffort lactatemia before 66 Averages followedbysameletterarenotdifferent(Tukey) atasignificancelevelof0.05. Values betweenparenthesesrepresent thepercentageofvisceralfatinrelationto bodymass. Table 3. Swimmingtimeandmassofvisceralfatratssubmittedtosixweeks regular exercisefollowedbymaximalefforttest and DT(p<0.05). NT togroups Dcompared ingroup more It increased (p inallgroups lactate concentrationincreased (p Tukey test. the same symbol are significantly different (p < 0.05) when compared by treated normal, diabetic and treated diabeticrats, respectively. Values with the maximalexercisetest. The symbolsN, NT, DandDTrepresentnormal, Figure 2. Plasmaconcentrationsofglucoseandlactatebeforeafter Testosterone associatedwithphysicaltraining inolderdiabetesrats Swimming time(min) Visceral fat(g) Parameter > 0.05). After the test of maximum effort, theblood > 0.05).Afterthetestofmaximumeffort, Regarding lactatemia, there was no difference wasnodifference lactatemia,there Regarding 2 showsthe values of glycemia andFigure < 0.05). < 0.05).Thebloodglucosevalues 4.22 ±1.84(1.34%) 203.75 ±71.92 Normal (n=8) Without treatment < 0.05). 2.27 ±1.72(0.69%)
Diabetic (n=8) 119.16 ±55.34 NT andDT. togroups Dwhencompared of CKwashigheringroup DandDT. toanimalsingroups compared Theactivity NT activity ofASTwaslowerinanimalsgroup The testinall experimental groups. after theeffort controls (NandD),fora(p<0.05). controls untreated totheirrespective (NT andDT)inrelation withanabolic treated visceral fatwasloweringroups (NandD),fora(p controls non-treated swimming thantheirrespective forced (NTandDT)hadlongertimesof with testosterone Animalstreated groups. visceral fatinratsofdifferent Tukey test. same symbolaresignificantlydifferent(p<0.05)whencomparedby normal, diabeticandtreatedrats, respectively. Values withthe exercise test. The symbolsN, NT, DandDTrepresentnormal, treated aminotransferase (AST)andcreatinekinase(CK)afterthemaximal Figure 3. Plasma levels of activities of the enzymes aspartate Figure 3showstheactivityvaluesofASTandCK Figure Table swimandweightofthe 3shows timeofforced 1.68 ±0.93 305.80 ±34.36 Normal (n=8) a (0.55%) With treatment Arch Metab. Endocrinol 2017;61/1 < 0.05).Theamountof 1.57 ±0.65 Diabetic (n=8) 163.80 ±67.51 a (0.48%) the treated group would favortheconsumptionof group the treated of in the erythrogram mice (27). This improvement in erythropoiesis causesincreased that testosterone animals.Infact,itwasreported higherintreated were the concentrationofhemoglobinandhematocritvalues bloodcells.Indeed,thequantityoferythrocytes, red and,consequently,of erythropoietin of theproduction necessityofoxygenstimulatestherelease an increased glycolysis.Itiswellknownthat associated withanaerobic consumption ofoxygenthanmetabolismglycogen testosterone. less visceralfatandproduce that agedratshavemore invisceralfatcontent(25,26),since with reduction with the anabolic. Testosterone might be associated since visceralfatactuallyfellintheanimalstreated acids inplasma,duetothemobilizationoffatstores, availability offatty could alsobeduetoincreased (24). activities ofASTandCKinplasmaorserum inthe physical fitness should not lead to sharp increase for the tissue (23). In fact, a suitable training program tothepointofdamaging themuscle mechanical stress cancause and theactionsofcontractionrelaxation duration iskeptconstant(20).Themetabolicstress when associatedtotheintensityof exercise of CKare (22).Thebloodlevels good markersofmuscleinjury CKare (20,21),theactivitylevelsofserum exercise during ofthesarcolemma permeability to increased diabetic group. inthe ofskeletalmusclefibersagainst injury resistance the admit, then,thattheanabolicmighthaveincreased to not usethesesubstances(19).Itseemsreasonable (17,18) andeveninathleteswhodo anabolic steroids inathletesusing theliverhavebeenreported from since elevationsinbloodactivitiesofCKandAST fact, 3)seemsaremarkable (Figure with testosterone associatedwithtreatment. any problems ofanimalsand that ledtothechangeinperformance reasons someofthe reflect this workshouldprobably in presented hematological and biochemical records The controls. untreated totheirrespective relation anddiabeticratsin swimminginnormal of forced inthetime anincrease produced with testosterone inthisstudy,In theconditionsconsidered treatment DISCUSSION Arch Metab. Endocrinol 2017;61/1 The metabolismoffattyacidsinvolveshigher group The swimmingbylongertimeinthetreated Although elevationinCKhadbeenalsoattributed ofCKinthediabeticratstreated The decrease of leucocytes were higher in the groups treated with treated higherinthegroups of leucocyteswere oftheuseanabolic, becausethelevels but certainly should notbeaconsequenceoftheexhaustiontest, in healthyanddiabeticrats(Table 2).Thischange numberofleukocytes was associatedwithincreased followed by the exhaustion test, ofexercise, program glucose (35,36). in serum changes in the immune system and decrease causes diabetes haveshownthatphysicalexercise of whitecells(34),studiesinratswithalloxan-induced withelevationinthebloodlevels and predominantly theamountofleukocytes (31,33), would decrease andcatecholamines,which elevated levelsofcortisol withanabolic steroids. and durationoftreatment dose withthenature, andintensityofexercises nature ofthecombination oftime, antagonisms intheresults system. Undoubtedly, and mustbedifferences there ofthecomplexity shouldbetheresult literature tothe with ourexperimentaldesigninrelation inourwork. LDL-cholesterol however, inlevels of wasnodecrease that article, there by(29,30).Unlike reported withtheresults agrees 1),what (Figure changes inlevelsofHDL-cholesterol without association with with testosterone, treated significantly inhealthy animals and indiabetic animals levels ofTAG inthiswork. fordecreased mustbethefactorresponsible certainly the demandforfattyacidsinenergy metabolism,which increases combined withthepracticeofexercise steroids levels ofTAG 1). The use of indiabeticrats(Figure inblood isadecrease withtestosterone by treatment (28). of hexokinaseandphosphofructokinase ofGlut4transcriptionandenzymaticactivities increase inthe This couldbeduetotheactionoftestosterone 2),aswouldbedesirable. (Figure diabetic group inbloodglucose,especiallythe with reduction conditioning oftheanimals. inaerobic associated tophysicaltrainingwaseffective 2). Thisindicatesthatuseofanabolicsteroid (Figure thaninnon-treated group rats waslowerinthetreated test, theamountoflactateinblooddiabetic catabolism.Indeed,aftertheexhaustion the aerobic of theenergetic efficiency oxygen andwouldincrease In ourstudythecombinationofanabolicwith isassociatedwith Although theacuteexercise associated betweentheresponses Some differences decreased The concentrationoftotalcholesterol evidenceofbetterutilization fat induced Further theuseofanabolicwasassociated Furthermore, Testosterone associatedwithphysicaltraining inolderdiabetesrats 67
Copyright© AE&M all rights reserved. Copyright© AE&M all rights reserved. 68 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. REFERENCES was reported. relevant tothisarticle nopotentialconflictofinterest Disclosure: Uberlândia, especiallytheInstituteofGeneticsandBiochemistry. byfederal Univesity of Acknowledgment: this study wassupported Minas Gerais(Fapemig). funding agencyFundaçãodeAmparoàPesquisadoEstado the bygrantsfrom thisstudywassupported Financial source: especially amongdiabeticrats. processes, may indicateexacerbationofinflammatory leukogram changes that produced with testosterone anddiabeticanimals.However,normal treatment ofvisceralfatlevelsin swimming timeanddecrease of the physiological characteristics, with increase in alsoassociatedwithimprovement changes were diabetic animals. The hematological and biochemical metabolismoffattyacidsandglucosein in aerobic associatedwithimprovement rats,theywere in normal diabetes. Althoughtheseelevationshadbeengreater elderly ratsandinwithalloxan-induced inhealthy of hemoglobin,hematocritanderythrocytes elevations test,produced followed bymaximaleffort withphysicaltrainingduringfourweeks, testosterone rats (29,37). especially in thediabetic processes, the inflammatory exacerbationof cells,whichmayreflect bone marrow inmitoticactivityof of oxygeninthebloodorincrease These alterations couldbedue to decrease testosterone. Testosterone associatedwithphysicaltraining inolderdiabetesrats In conclusion,thecombinationofuse and macrophage function: modulation of reactive oxygen and macrophage function:modulationofreactive Chao TC, Van Alten PJ, Walter RJ. Steroidsexhormones Suppl 1:S62-8. Mackinnon LT. Immunity in athletes. IntJ Sports Med.1997;18 hormones.ClinJSportmale reproductive Med.1996;6(2):141. anaerobicexerciseon Cumming D.Influenceofaerobic versus Endocrinol Metab.2001;280(6):E973-81. VR. Anabolic steroidsincreaseexercisetolerance. 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