CRASSULACEAE the Most Efficient Method of Multiplication by Suc
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Metabolic Adaptations to Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress in Pterisvittata L and Pterisensiformis L
Plant Science 170 (2006) 274–282 www.elsevier.com/locate/plantsci Metabolic adaptations to arsenic-induced oxidative stress in Pteris vittata L and Pteris ensiformis L Nandita Singh a, Lena Q. Ma b,*, Mrittunjai Srivastava b, Bala Rathinasabapathi c a National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India b Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Box 110290, Gainesville, FL 32611-0290, USA c Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Received 14 July 2005; received in revised form 12 August 2005; accepted 19 August 2005 Available online 8 September 2005 Abstract This study examined the metabolic adaptations of Pteris vittata L, an arsenic hyperaccumulator, under arsenic stress as compared to Pteris ensiformis, a non-arsenic hyperaccumulator. Both plants were grown hydroponically in 20% Hoagland medium in controlled conditions and were treated with 0, 133 or 267 mM arsenic as sodium arsenate for 1, 5 or 10 d. The fern fronds were analysed for differences in oxidative stress and antioxidant capacities after arsenic exposure. Upon exposure to 133 mM arsenic, concentrations of chlorophyll, protein and carotenoids increased in P. vittata whereas they decreased in P. ensiformis. The H2O2 and TBARs concentrations were greater in P. ensiformis than P. vittata in all treatments, indicating greater production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by P. ensiformis. The levels of ascorbate and glutathione, and their reduced/oxidized ratios in the fronds of P. vittata of the control was much greater than P. ensiformis indicating that P. vittata has an inherently greater antioxidant potential than P. ensiformis. The lower levels of antioxidant compounds (ascorbate, carotenoids and glutathione) in P. -
Pteris Vittata Arsenic Accumulation Only Partially Explains Soil Arsenic Depletion During Field-Scale Phytoextraction
Article Pteris vittata Arsenic Accumulation Only Partially Explains Soil Arsenic Depletion during Field-Scale Phytoextraction Sarick Matzen 1, Sirine Fakra 2, Peter Nico 3 and Céline Pallud 1,* 1 Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California-Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected] 2 Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected] 3 Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 October 2020; Accepted: 29 November 2020; Published: 4 December 2020 Abstract: Soil arsenic heterogeneity complicates our understanding of phytoextraction rates during arsenic phytoextraction with Pteris vittata, including in response to rate stimulation with nutrient treatments. In a 58-week arsenic phytoextraction field study, we determined the effects of soil arsenic concentrations, fertilizer application, and mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on P. vittata arsenic uptake rates, soil arsenic depletion, and arsenic soil–plant mass balances. Initial soil arsenic concentrations were positively correlated with arsenic uptake rates. Soil inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae led to 1.5–2 times higher fern aboveground biomass. Across all treatments, ferns accumulated a mean of 3.6% of the initial soil arsenic, and mean soil arsenic concentrations decreased by up to 44%. At depths of 0–10 cm, arsenic accumulation in P. vittata matched soil arsenic depletion. However, at depths of 0–20 cm, fern arsenic accumulation could not account for 61.5% of the soil arsenic depletion, suggesting that the missing arsenic could have been lost to leaching. -
Pteris Vittata L
Pteris vittata L. Origin and diffusion Origin: tropical areas Distribution: sub-cosmopolitan Invasive potential: medium Source: www.plants.usda.gov Photo: G. Nicolella Photos: L. Passatore Introduction P. vittata is a perennial fern, native to tropical regions and naturalized throughout much of the world It has pinnate fronds tufted or closely spaced, herbaceous to slightly coriaceous. It is a pioneer species, typically growing in humid environments like most of the ferns, it colonizes walls, cliffs and rocks, usually in shade. This species has been one of the most investigated plant for phytotechnologies purposes, as it has been found to be able to take up prodigious amounts of arsenic from soil and sequester it mostly in the above-ground biomass. Common names: Chinese brake (English), Pteride a foglie lunghe (Italian) Description Life-form and periodicity: perennial, evergreen Height: 0,3-0,5 m Roots habit: strong creeping rhizome, with very abundant and thin rhizoids (which serve no other function than attachment). Maximum root-system depth: 30 cm. Culm/Stem/Trunk: - Crown: - Fam. Poaceae Description Leaf: tufted fronds, arching, leathery, pinnate, with an elliptic shape. Rate of transpiration: - Reproductive structure: fertile fronds bear sporangia (spore producing structures) on the underside of fronds. A group of sporangia is referred to as a sorus. Sori are disposed in a sub-marginal line along both sides of the pinna, from near the base to near the tip. Propagative structure: spores Development Sexual propagation: The drying of the sporangia catapults the mature spores from the fern in order to disperse spores outside the immediate neighborhood of the parent, thus aiding in wide-range dispersal. -
Gametophyte Morphology and Development of Six Species of Pteris (Pteridaceae) from Java Island Indonesia
THE JOURNAL OF TROPICAL LIFE SCIENCE OPEN ACCESS Freely available online VOL. 5, NO. 2, pp. 98-104, May, 2015 Gametophyte Morphology and Development of Six Species of Pteris (Pteridaceae) from Java Island Indonesia Dwi Sunarti Puspitasari1, Tatik Chikmawati2*, Titien Ngatinem Praptosuwiryo3 1Plant Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia 3Center for Plant Conservation- Bogor Botanical Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia ABSTRACT The morphology of sporophyte, the type of reproduction, and cytology of Pteris had been reported, while the gametophyte morphology of Pteris in Java island has not been studied yet. The objective of this study was to describe the gametophyte morphology and development of P. biaurita, P. ensiformis, P. exelsa, P. longipinnula, P. tripartita, and P. vittata in Java island. Spores were obtained from fertile leaves of Pteris plants originated from several locations in Java island. The number of spores per sporangium was counted from fresh fertile leaves with mature sporangia. As much as 0.002 g spores was sown in a transparent box with sterile medium contain of ver- miculite, sphagnum moss, and perlite with ratio 2:2:1. The gametophyte development of each species was observed under a microscope every 7 days. The spores of P. ensiformis were germinated faster, ten days after sowing, while the spores of P. longipinnula were germinated slower, 18 days after sowing. The pattern of spore germination is Vittaria-type. -
The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Asparagus (Asparagus Officinalis L.) and Its Phy- Logenetic Positon Within Asparagales
Central International Journal of Plant Biology & Research Bringing Excellence in Open Access Research Note *Corresponding author Wentao Sheng, Department of Biological Technology, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, The Complete Chloroplast Jiangxi, China, Tel: 86-0791-87619332; Fax: 86-0791- 87619332; Email: Submitted: 14 September 2017 Genome Sequence of Accepted: 09 October 2017 Published: 10 October 2017 Asparagus (Asparagus ISSN: 2333-6668 Copyright © 2017 Sheng et al. officinalis L.) and its OPEN ACCESS Keywords Phylogenetic Positon within • Asparagus officinalis L • Chloroplast genome • Phylogenomic evolution Asparagales • Asparagales Wentao Sheng*, Xuewen Chai, Yousheng Rao, Xutang, Tu, and Shangguang Du Department of Biological Technology, Nanchang Normal University, China Abstract Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a horticultural homology of medicine and food with health care. The entire chloroplast (cp) genome of asparagus was sequenced with Hiseq4000 platform. The complete cp genome maps a circular molecule of 156,699bp built with a quadripartite organization: two inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,531bp, separated by a large single copy (LSC) sequence of 84,999bp and a small single copy (SSC) sequence of 18,638bp. A total of 112 genes comprising of 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs were successfully annotated, 17 of which included introns. The identity, number and GC content of asparagus cp genes were similar to those of other asparagus species genomes. Analysis revealed 81 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, most composed of A or T, contributing to a bias in base composition. A maximum likelihood phylogenomic evolution analysis showed that asparagus was closely related to Polygonatum cyrtonema that belonged to the genus Asparagales. -
Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Cenwanglaoshan Nature Reserve, Northwest Guangxi, China, 1999 and 2002
Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Cenwanglaoshan Nature Reserve, Northwest Guangxi, China, 1999 and 2002 Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden in collaboration with Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Department Guangxi Forestry Survey and Planning Institute South China Institute of Botany South China Normal University Institute of Zoology, CAS March 2003 South China Forest Biodiversity Survey Report Series: No. 27 (Online Simplified Version) Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Cenwanglaoshan Nature Reserve, Northwest Guangxi, China, 1999 and 2002 Editors John R. Fellowes, Bosco P.L. Chan, Michael W.N. Lau, Ng Sai-Chit and Gloria L.P. Siu Contributors Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden: Gloria L.P. Siu (GS) Bosco P.L. Chan (BC) John R. Fellowes (JRF) Michael W.N. Lau (ML) Lee Kwok Shing (LKS) Ng Sai-Chit (NSC) Graham T. Reels (GTR) Roger C. Kendrick (RCK) Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Department: Xu Zhihong (XZH) Pun Fulin (PFL) Xiao Ma (XM) Zhu Jindao (ZJD) Guangxi Forestry Survey and Planning Institute (Comprehensive Tan Wei Fu (TWF) Planning Branch): Huang Ziping (HZP) Guangxi Natural History Museum: Mo Yunming (MYM) Zhou Tianfu (ZTF) South China Institute of Botany: Chen Binghui (CBH) Huang Xiangxu (HXX) Wang Ruijiang (WRJ) South China Normal University: Li Zhenchang (LZC) Chen Xianglin (CXL) Institute of Zoology CAS (Beijing): Zhang Guoqing (ZGQ) Chen Deniu (CDN) Nanjing University: Chen Jianshou (CJS) Wang Songjie (WSJ) Xinyang Teachers’ College: Li Hongjing (LHJ) Voluntary specialist: Keith D.P. Wilson (KW) Background The present report details the findings of visits to Northwest Guangxi by members of Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (KFBG) in Hong Kong and their colleagues, as part of KFBG's South China Biodiversity Conservation Programme. -
Some Agave Plants Grow Well in Our Area
Some agave plants grow well in our area evaporation of excess moisture. For agave plants sensitive to cold, planting in pots oers the exibility of bringing them indoors during the Carol Dalu winter months. As with Master Gardener many plants, fall and spring are good times for uestion: In re- planting agave. cent travels to Although most prefer the southwest I drier Mediterranean Q came across an climates, there are quite interesting plant called a few that are cold hardy agave. I would like to and will grow in the Pa- know more about this cic Northwest. Here is plant and if it will grow just a sampling: in our area. ■ Agave havardiana Answer: The interest- (Harvard Agave), sil- ing, eye-catching agave ver-gray leaves plant is native to the ■ Agave Montana southern United States, (Mountain Agave), ap- Mexico, the Caribbe- ple-green leaves with red an and northern South teeth America. It is valued for ■ Agave ovatifolia its very striking ap- (Whale’s Tongue Agave), pearance, how easy it PIXABAY PHOTOS gray to powdery blue is to grow and for being Agave victoriae-reginea (Queen Victoria Century Plant) is a smaller variety of agave plant that is well-suited to a Pacific leaves lined with small drought tolerant. Northwest climate. However, it may need protection on the coldest days. teeth Although it looks very ■ Agave parryi much like a cactus, it is a great option. They (Artichoke Agave), is actually a perennial prefer rocky or sandy silvery-blue to sil- succulent. Agave is in soil but will tolerate any very-green leaves with the Agavacea family of well-draining soil, and dark spines evergreen succulents, they are not particular ■ Agave victoriae-re- which also includes dra- about the soil pH. -
2020 MSU Horticulture Gardens Houseplant and Succulent Sale - Tentative Inventory
2020 MSU Horticulture Gardens Houseplant and Succulent Sale - Tentative Inventory Scroll Down for Cacti and Foliage Plants All Prices- To Be Determined Item Code Quantity Pot Size Genus species Common Name Family Light Water Category SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS SUCCULENTS ADRO001 4" to 4.5" Adromischus cristatus 'Key Lime Pie' Crinkle-leaf Plant Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON001 15 4" Aeonium arborescens ' Tip Top' Dwarf Tree Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON002 10 4" Aeonium atropurpureum Purple Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON003 4" Aeonium castello-paivae variegata 'Suncup' Suncup Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON004 30 4" Aeonium haworthii 'Kiwi' Haworth's Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AEON005 15 4" Aeonium hybrid 'Stripe' Stripe Aeonium Crassulaceae High Low Succulent AGAV001 3 4" Agave geminiflora Twin flowered Agave Agavoideae High Low Succulent AGAV002 43 4.5" Agave gypsophyla 'Ivory Curls' Ivory Curls Century Plant Agavoideae High Low Succulent AGAV003 39 3.5" to 4" Agave victoriae-reginae 'Porcupine' Queen Victoria Agave Agavoideae High Low Succulent AGAV004 64 4.5" Agave xylonacantha 'Frostbite' Frostbite Century Plant Agavoideae High Low Succulent ALBU001 14 6" Albuca bracteata Pregnant Onion Asparagaceae High Low Succulent ALBU002 36 4" Albuca bracteata Pregnant Onion Asparagaceae High Low Succulent ALOE001 33 4" Aloe aristata Lace Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE002 26 4" Aloe ciliaris Climbing Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE003 20 4" Aloe hybrid 'Minnie Belle' Hybrid Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE004 37 4" Aloe hybrid 'Pink Blush' Pink Blush Aloe Asphodelaceae High Low Succulent ALOE005 3 6" Aloe hybrid 'T. -
Ecophysiology of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
Annals of Botany 93: 629±652, 2004 doi:10.1093/aob/mch087, available online at www.aob.oupjournals.org INVITED REVIEW Ecophysiology of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) ULRICH LUÈ TTGE* Institute of Botany, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3±5, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany Received: 3 October 2003 Returned for revision: 17 December 2003 Accepted: 20 January 2004 d Background and Scope Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) as an ecophysiological modi®cation of photo- synthetic carbon acquisition has been reviewed extensively before. Cell biology, enzymology and the ¯ow of carbon along various pathways and through various cellular compartments have been well documented and dis- cussed. The present attempt at reviewing CAM once again tries to use a different approach, considering a wide range of inputs, receivers and outputs. d Input Input is given by a network of environmental parameters. Six major ones, CO2,H2O, light, temperature, nutrients and salinity, are considered in detail, which allows discussion of the effects of these factors, and combinations thereof, at the individual plant level (`physiological aut-ecology'). d Receivers Receivers of the environmental cues are the plant types genotypes and phenotypes, the latter includ- ing morphotypes and physiotypes. CAM genotypes largely remain `black boxes', and research endeavours of genomics, producing mutants and following molecular phylogeny, are just beginning. There is no special development of CAM morphotypes except for a strong tendency for leaf or stem succulence with large cells with big vacuoles and often, but not always, special water storage tissues. Various CAM physiotypes with differing degrees of CAM expression are well characterized. d Output Output is the shaping of habitats, ecosystems and communities by CAM. -
Pteris Vittata) Dobhal K*, Semwal a and Negi a Uttaranchal Institutes of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Applied f Ph l o a r a m n r a u c Dobhal et al., J Appl Pharm 2018, 10:3 o y J Journal of Applied Pharmacy DOI: 10.4172/1920-4159.1000266 ISSN: 1920-4159 Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Geographical Variation of Antioxidant Constituent in Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand: Chinese Brake Fern (Pteris vittata) Dobhal K*, Semwal A and Negi A Uttaranchal Institutes of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India Abstract Numerous kind of antioxidants or protecting agent are present in the living body like Glutathione is the master antioxidant produce by the liver and uses free radicals to purify the body. Natural plant consuming antioxidants content is growing the interest for scientific research as well as industrial purposes. Pteridophytes (fern and fern allies) have drawn attention of plants seekers and horticultures since ancient period. Plant of Pteris vittata were collected from different geographical region of Uttarakhand Garhwal. The maximum yield of plant extract was found via the ethanol solvent i.e. 5.07-9.67%. DPV extract exhibited a maximum inhibition of 89.32 relatively closed to 91.96% inhibition of Ascorbic acid at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml by DPPH radical scavenging assay method. The IC50 of the DPV extract and Ascorbic acid was found to be 0.543 and 0.495 mg/ml by same. DPV extract showed a maximum inhibition of 72.33 % relatively close to 77.42% inhibition of BHA at the concentration of 0.8 mg/ml by Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging method. The IC50 value of the DPV extract & BHA was found to be 0.279 ± 0.005 mg/ml & 0.257 ± 0.002 mg/ml by same. -
Dudleya Crassifolia (Crassulaceae), a New Species from Northern Baja California, Mexico Author(S): Mark W
Dudleya Crassifolia (Crassulaceae), a New Species from Northern Baja California, Mexico Author(s): Mark W. Dodero and Michael G. Simpson Source: Madroño, 59(4):223-229. 2012. Published By: California Botanical Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-59.4.223 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3120/0024-9637-59.4.223 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. MADRON˜ O, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 223–229, 2012 DUDLEYA CRASSIFOLIA (CRASSULACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM NORTHERN BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO MARK W. DODERO1 AND MICHAEL G. SIMPSON Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182 [email protected] ABSTRACT Dudleya crassifolia is described as new. It belongs to a complex of taxa within subgenus Hasseanthus that have a white (occasionally pale yellow) corolla with a conspicuous, ‘‘musky-sweet’’ odor. -
Phytoremediation of an Arsenic Contaminated Site Using P. Vittata L
Chapter 5: Phytoremediation of an arsenic contaminated site: a long-term study W &72-0#+#"'2'-,-$,01#,'!!-,2+',2#"1'2#31',% T 4'222 T," T!*-+#*,-1 40T 3120-+#0'!, *-,%V 2#0+"2 This field study investigated the phytoremediation potential of arsenic (As) hyperaccumulating fern species, Pityrogramma calomelanos var. austroamericana and Pteris vittata over 27 month duration at a disused As-contaminated cattle-dip site located at Wollongbar, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Ferns planted in January 2009 were harvested following 10, 22 and 27 months of growth. The average frond dry biomass, As concentration and As uptake were significantly greater in P. calomelanos var. austroamericana than P. vittata , at all three harvests (1.6−4.3, 1.3−1.5 and 2.2−5.7 times, respectively; P < 0.001−0.05). After 27 month of growth, P. calomelanos var. austroamericana removed total 8,053 mg As (i.e. cumulative over three harvests) in Plot B (25.4 kg As ha −1 ) that was 2.65 times higher than that depleted by P. vittata (3,042 mg As in Plot A (9.7 kg As ha −1 )). For the surface (0−20 cm) and subsurface (40−60 cm) layers, the mean total soil As content was significantly reduced by 49% and 63% (753−385 and 324−121 mg kg −1 ; P < 0.05), respectively, using P . calomelanos var. austroamericana ; and 17% and 15% (909−754 and 323−276 mg kg −1 ; P > 0.05) using P. vittata . It is estimated that P. calomelanos var. austroamericana would take approximately 6 years to decrease mean total As content below the ecological investigation level (EIL; 20 mg kg −1 ) in the surface and subsurface soils, whereas P.