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CRASSULACEAE the Most Efficient Method of Multiplication by Suc 206 Bothalia 37,2 (2007) Otherwise dioecious Didiereaceae s.str. (Applequist & CURTIS, B.A. & MANNHEIMER, C.A. 2005. Tree atlas o f Namibia. Wallace 2000; Schatz 2001). The presence of gynodio- National Botanical Research Institute, Windhoek. ecy in Decaryia might be a plesiomorphy, an interpreta­ DYER. R.A. 1975. The genera of southern African flowering plants, vol. 1: dicotyledons. Department of Agricultural Technical Servi­ tion supported by its presence in the even more distantly ces, Pretoria. related genus Ceraria. This argument presupposes rever­ EGGLI, U. (ed.). 2002. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: dicoty­ sion to hermaphrodite flowers in Calyptrotheca. It also ledons. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. provides support for the suggested placement of Ceraria EXELL, A.W. & MENDONCA, F.A. 1938-1939 [published 1939]. in an expanded Didiereaceae. Contribui^Ses para o conhecimento da flora de Africa. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 13: 309, 310. GERMISHUIZEN, G. & MEYER, N.L. (eds). 2003. Plants of southern Africa; an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. National Botanical ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Institute, Pretoria. HERSHKQVITZ, M.A. 1993. Revised circumscriptions and subgeneric I would like to thank Prof A.E. van Wyk, University taxonomies of Calandrinia and Montiopsis (Portulacaceae) with of Pretoria, for advice and support. Prof T.V. Jacobs, notes on phylogeny of the portulacaceous alliance. Annals o f the UNISA, for translating the diagnosis into Latin, Ms Missouri Botanical Garden 80: 333-365. Hester Steyn, SANBI, for preparing the distribution HERSHKOVITZ, M.A. & ZIMMER. E.A. 1997. On the evolutionary origins of the cacti. Taxon 46: 217-232. map and Ms Julia Kreiss for the line drawings. The JORDAAN, M. 2000. Portulacaceae. In O.A. Leistner, Seed plants of curator and staff of the National Herbarium of Namibia southern Afnca: families and genera. Strelitzia 10: 453-456. are thanked for their assistance during visits to the her­ MENDELSOHN, J., JARVIS, A., ROBERTS, C. & ROBERTSON, T. barium. The National Herbarium of Namibia and the 2002. Atlas of Namibia. Philip, Cape Town. South African National Biodiversity Institute are also MERXMULLER, H. & PODLECH, D. 1961. Miscellanea. Portulacaceae. thanked for the use of information from their databases; Ceraria longipedunculata Merxm. & Podlech spec. nov. Mittei- lungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Miinchen 4: 73, 74. SPMNDB, Flora DB and PRECIS. The curator, National MILLER, R. McG. & SCHALK, K.E.L. 1980. Geological map of Herbarium, Pretoria, is thanked for access to their collec­ South West Africa/Namibia. Geological Survey of the Republic tions; the assistance of Ms Marie Jordaan during visits o f South Afnca and South West Afnca/Namibia. to the herbarium is acknowledged with thanks. Mr Koos PEARSON, H.H.W. & STEPHENS, L. 1912. 3. List o f the plants coll­ Verwey of Otjinhungwa is thanked for logistical support ected in the Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition, 1908-1909, during visits to the Otjihipa Mountains. The University 1910-1911: Portulacaceae. Annals of the South African Museum 9: 30-35. of Pretoria is thanked for financial support. I am espe­ PODLECH, D. 1967. Portulacaceae. Prodromus einer flora von cially grateful to my wife Hannelie for assistance and Siidnestafrika 29: 2-7. Cramer, Lehre. companionship during field trips. POLICANSKY, D. 1982. Sex change in plants and animals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 13: 471-495. RAUH, W. & SCHOLCH, H.F. 1965. Weitere Untersuchungen an Didiereaceen. 2. Teil. Inflorescenz-, bliitenmorphologische REFERENCES und embryologische Untersuchungen mit Ausblick auf die APPLEQUIST, W.L. 2005. A revision of the Malagasy endemic systematische Stellung der Didieeraceen. Sitzungsberichte der Talinella (Portulacaceae). Adamonia, sen 3, 27: 27-80. Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften 1965, 3: 221-434. APPLEQUIST, W.L. & WALLACE, R.S. 2000. Phylogeny o f the ROWLEY, G.D. 2002. Ceraria. In U. Eggli, Illustrated handbook o f suc­ Madagascan endemic family Didiereaceae. Plant Systematics culent plants: dicotyledons: 379-380. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. and Evolution 22\: 157-166. SCHATZ, G.E. 2001. Generic tree flora of Madagascar. Royal Botanic APPLEQUIST, W.L. & WALLACE, R.S. 2001. Phylogeny o f the por- Gardens, Kew & Missouri Botanical Garden. Uilacaceous cohort based on ndh¥ sequence data. Systematic VAN WYK, A.E. & SMITH, G.F. 20 0 1. Regions offloristic endemism in Botanv 26: 406-419. southern Africa. A review with emphasis on succulents. Umdaus APPLEQUIST, W.L. & WALLACE, R.S. 2003. Expanded circum­ Press, Hatfield, Pretoria. scription o f Didiereaceae and its division into three subfamilies. Adansonia, ser. 3, 25: 13-16. W. SWANEPOEL* CAROLIN, R.C. 1993. Portulacaceae. In K. Kubitzki, J.G. Rohwer & V. Bittrich, The families and genera of vascular plants—dicoty­ ledons 2: 544-555. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. * H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department o f Botany, Univer­ CRAVEN, P. (ed.). 1999. A checklist of Namibian plant species. sity o f Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Postal address: P.O. Box Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 7. 21168, Windhoek. Namibia. • SABONET, Windhoek. MS. received: 2006-08-11. CRASSULACEAE BRYOPHYLLUMPROLIFERUM^M\]KAUZED IN KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA The most efficient method of multiplication by suc­ bulbiferous after flowering, and shooting and rooting of culents is via adventitious plantlet proliferation. A num­ the detached fruits occurring in O. ficus-indica. Amongst ber of alien succulents that use this method of propaga­ the few Crassulaceae that have been recorded naturalized tion has become naturalized or weedy in South Africa. in southern tropical Africa, the genus Bryophyllum Salisb. Well-known examples include Agave sisalana Perrine features prominently (Fernandes 1983). However, in the (Smith & Mossmer 1996) and Opitntia ficus-indica L. Flora o f southern Afi-ica region, Bryophyllum delagoense (Obermeyer 1976). Abnormal (adventitious) develop­ (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schinz is the only member of this family ment is reflected in the panicle of A. sisalana becoming to have been recorded as such (Toelken 1985; Dreyer & Bothalia 37,2 (2007) 207 FIGURE 14.— A, leaves; B, plant showing adventitious buds. Makwarela 2000) although Wells et al. (1986) listed B. by the numerous adventitious buds that spring from the proliferum Bowie ex Hook, as a potential problem plant. pedicel bases of aborted flowers. Plants grow as clump- forming subshrubs, with decussate leaf pairs borne Recent field work in KwaZulu-Natal and subsequent along the upper third of the four-angled, somewhat consideration of herbarium collections have revealed woody stems. The impari-pinnatisect leaves are a ver­ that the hardy stem and leaf succulent Bryophyllum pro­ dant pale green and marginally crenate, each with 3-7 liferum has escaped from cultivation. Although these opposite pairs of sessile leaflets that are subdecurrent populations have not been shown to be self replacing and asymmetric at the base. Small plantlets may addi­ for a period of ten years, we categorize this hardy inva­ tionally be produced in the crenatures of the entire leaf, sive as naturalized, for the Botha’s Hill population is and along the upper grooved midrib. Wells et al. (1986) evidently expanding through recruitment. The popula­ described fiirther proliferation via root suckers. The tion status at the original 1985 collection site on Ismont leaves are borne more or less horizontally, effectively Farm has not been reassessed. Significantly, in defining shading out low-growing indigenous vegetation. ‘naturalized’ alien invasive taxa, Pysek et a l (2004) admitted that how long a species must persist to be con­ It is likely that the species has been naturalized sidered naturalized is inevitably arbitrary. (Figure 15) for some time but has gone unnoticed. This phenologically plastic species presents variable leaf This tall species, a native of Madagascar, is grown morphologies and coloration; for example, leaf margins predominantly for its foliage (Figure 14) rather than turn red under high light intensities, whereas this trait is its rather unattractive greenish yellow flowers; detract­ absent from specimens established in shade. ing further from its horticultural appeal are the inflor­ escences (terminal panicles) that are usually disfigured Specimens examined 14 16 KWAZULU-NATAL.—2930 (Pietermaritzburg): 1.5 km east of The Valley Trust, Portion 585 o f the Farm Assagay Kraal, Botha’s Hill, colony alongside stream in granite gully. Growing in semi-shade along with Adiantum capillus-veneris and Pteris vittata, 450 m, S 29°,735169; E 30°,748894, (-DA), 05-05-2007, N. Crouch 1123 (NH). 3030 (Port Shepstone): edge of grassy track in Eucalyptus plantations between Mount Langford and Loni River (mid-Illovo area), on Ismont Farm, (-B A ), 15-07-1985, B. Culcross s.n. (NH). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ms L. Henderson and Mr G. Nichols are thanked for helpfiil discussions on the identity of B. proliferum. REFERENCES 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 DREYER, L.L. & MAKWARELA, A.M. 2000. Crassulaceae. In O.A. FIGURE 15.— Known distribution of Bryophyllum proliferum based on Leistner, Seed plants of southern Africa: families and genera. specimens at NH, NU and PRE. Strelitzia 10: 235, 236. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. 208 Bothalia 37,2 (2007) FERNANDES, R. 1983. Crassulaceae. In E. Launert, Flora zambe- Survey of South Africa No. 53. Botanical Research Institute, siaca 7,1: 3-71. Pretoria. OBERMEYER. A. A. 1976. Cactaceae. In
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