Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Instituto De Geociências Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Geografia Jaciel Gustavo

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Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Instituto De Geociências Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Geografia Jaciel Gustavo UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA JACIEL GUSTAVO KUNZ PAISAGENS E TURISMO NA/DA LAGOA MIRIM (BRASIL/URUGUAI): COMPLEXUS DE PRÁTICAS E SIGNIFICADOS PORTO ALEGRE 2021 JACIEL GUSTAVO KUNZ PAISAGENS E TURISMO NA/DA LAGOA MIRIM (BRASIL/URUGUAI): COMPLEXUS DE PRÁTICAS E SIGNIFICADOS Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFRGS como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Geografia. Área de concentração: Ambiente, Território e Ensino. Orientador: Prof. Antonio Carlos Castrogiovanni. PORTO ALEGRE 2021 JACIEL GUSTAVO KUNZ PAISAGENS E TURISMO NA/DA LAGOA MIRIM (BRASIL/URUGUAI): COMPLEXUS DE PRÁTICAS E SIGNIFICADOS Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFRGS como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Geografia. Área de concentração: Ambiente, Ensino e Território. Orientador: Prof. Antonio Carlos Castrogiovanni. Aprovada em: 11/03/2021 BANCA EXAMINADORA BANCA REMOTA Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos Castrogiovanni (Orientador) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS BANCA REMOTA Prof. Dr. Maurício Ragagnin Pimentel Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel BANCA REMOTA Prof. Dr. Mauro José Ferreira Cury Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - Unioeste BANCA REMOTA Prof. Dr. Roberto Verdum Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS BANCA REMOTA Profa. Dra. Susana de Araujo Gastal Universidade de Caxias do Sul - UCS Dedico este trabalho à sociedade e ao Estado brasileiros, que, por meio de políticas públicas e programas específicos, permitiram minha formação e atuação como docente e pesquisador. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à minha família por sempre estar presente em meus empreendimentos, e por continuamente apoiá-los. Agradeço aos meus amigos, pelo apoio constante, em momentos bons e não tão bons. Agradeço ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos Castrogiovanni, pela inspiração, pelas inquietações e por acreditar no meu trabalho. Agradeço ao PPG em Geografia da UFRGS, docentes e técnicos, pela oportunidade de cursar o doutorado e desenvolver nossas pesquisas. Agradeço à FURG, pela disponibilização de afastamento para qualificação durante quatro anos no doutorado. Agradeço à Capes, pela concessão de bolsa de doutorado sanduíche nos Estados Unidos, de outubro de 2018 a março de 2019 - processo 88881.188803/2018-01. Agradeço à Profa. Dra. Michelle Metro-Roland, pela acolhida e orientação no período de doutorado sanduíche em Western Michigan University. Agradeço ao Programa Idiomas sem Fronteiras da UFRGS, pela oportunidade de aprimoramento em escrita e fala do Inglês, e pela realização do exame TOEFL. Agradeço aos colegas orientandos do Prof. Castrogiovanni nesse período, pelas trocas e pelo companheirismo. Agradeço a todos os entrevistados que concederam um pouco de seu tempo para exporem suas opiniões e pensarem juntos sobre a Lagoa Mirim. Agradeço à Profa. Adriana Pisoni da Silva, da Unipampa, e às Profas. Trícia Amaral, da FURG, e Melise Pereira, então FURG, pela acolhida durante o período de pesquisa de campo. Agradeço a Elisa Neves, que propiciou meu primeiro contato com Lago Merín. Agradeço a Édson Lima, da SEaD/UFRGS, que atuou como suporte técnico na transmissão da defesa de doutorado. “Os homens [sic] são ao mesmo tempo sedentários e nômades: eles ficam felizes em ter um cantinho seu, mas não hesitam em deixá-lo. Alguns só se decidem a fazê-lo raramente; outros só se sentem bem na estrada.” (Paul Claval) RESUMO Esta tese versa sobre a significação das paisagens lacustres, ancorada nas práticas apropriadas pelo/para o turismo/lazer, aqui vistos de modo matizado. As partes da tese são redigidas de acordo com o voo de uma pipa, a partir dos ventos de pesquisa. A Lagoa Mirim é o maior corpo hídrico do seu gênero no Brasil e no Uruguai, cujo talvegue vem lhe servindo de limite internacional. As margens da Lagoa apresentam densa historicidade, ecossistema biodiverso, inseridos na Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul e está presente no bioma pampa. O turismo/lazer tem-se constituído como um dos usos territoriais nessa zona de fronteira, calcado em paisagens lacustres e práticas sazonais, que envolvem olhar e performar. A paisagem é um conceito geográfico que parece dialogar com o saber-fazer Turismo. A questão desta pesquisa é: Como os Sujeitos do turismo/lazer interpelam as paisagens lacustres em seus encontros/experiências? O objetivo geral é, pois, compreender como os Sujeitos do turismo/lazer interpelam as paisagens em seus encontros/experiências. Os objetivos específicos são: caracterizar os sítios de encontro como versões turísticas particulares do todo lacustre "Lagoa Mirim"; analisar as estéticas subjacentes à apreciação (visual) dessas paisagens lacustres; identificar práticas e performances turísticas que ocorrem nos sítios estudados, durante o veraneio. Os pressupostos teórico-conceituais envolvem a paisagem, segundo a Nova Geografia Cultural (modo de ver), a Geografia Fenomenológica (modo de ser) e pelo olhar turístico a essas paisagens. O estudo de caso múltiplo compreende documentação (fotografias do Instagram e comentários do Trip Advisor), observação direta e entrevistas semipadronizadas, seguida de análise qualitativa de conteúdo (decomposição, codificação e recomposição) e triangulação, até atingir saturação teórica. Assenta-se, assim, no método da Complexidade de Edgar Morin sobretudo, nos princípios Dialógico, Recursivo e Hologramático, e na noção de Sujeito. Os sítios do recorte de estudo são a Praia da Vila da Capilha (Rio Grande, Brasil) – localidade histórica no entorno da Estação Ecológica do Taim - o Balneário de Lago Merín (Río Branco, Uruguai) – construído com essa finalidade – e o Porto Pindorama (Santa Vitória do Palmar, Brasil) – desativado como terminal. Cada um desses arranjos forja à sua maneira trajetórias de (des)encontro com paisagens e práticas do turismo/lazer. As narrativas trazidas pelas fotografias informam que os juízos estéticos, de interesse desinteressado, voltam-se à apreciação calcada na categoria do pitoresco e remontam o olhar romântico, com destaque para o pôr do sol, o atracadouro e a antiga capela, respectivamente no Porto e na Capilha, e mais próximo de uma paisagem de férias e de olhar coletivo, em Lago Merín. A geograficidade dos valores e atitudes veiculadas são o plácido, a rusticidade, a aventura, o horizonte e a automobilidade, entre outros. As práticas observadas e mapeadas são, por vezes, mais vastas que as documentadas e enunciadas. As performances nos/dos palcos mostram-se variadas e vão desde as conformistas até as contestadoras, passando pelas pós-turísticas. Os Sujeitos-turistas são tidos como estéticos, semiósicos e operators (de fotografia). A fotografia turística é o elo entre a representação formada pelo visual, e o mais- que-representacional formado pelas performances do posar, fotografar e postar em mídia social. O índice do encontro (a fotografia) dialogicamente transforma-se em convite para encontros por outros Sujeitos. A tese é a de que, na constituição do fenômeno turístico/de lazer, as práticas/performances e os significados das paisagens são tecidos em um todo complexus. Propostas de diretrizes de interpretação turística parecem conduzir a novas camadas de significação a essa paisagem lacustre una/múltipla. Palavras-chave: Paisagens; Turismo/Lazer; Práticas turísticas; Complexidade; Lagoa Mirim (Brasil/Uruguai). ABSTRACT This thesis examines the signification of lakescapes, which is grounded in practices appropriate to and appropriated by tourism/leisure, here considered in a nuanced way. The sections of this thesis are written as though it were a flying kite, driven by the winds of research. The Mirim Lagoon is the largest water body of its kind in Brazil and Uruguay, and its thalweg has acted as the countries' international limit. The surroundings of the lagoon have a rich history, and a biodiverse ecosystem, inserted in the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul, and is situated in the Pampa biome. Tourism/leisure has been establishing themselves as one of the territorial uses in these borderlands, centered on lakescapes and seasonal practices, which involves gazing and performing. Landscape is a geographic concept that seems to converse with Tourism know- how. In this study, the question posed is: How do the Subjects of tourism/leisure interact with lakescapes in their encounters/experiences? The core goal is, therefore, to understand how the Subjects of tourism/leisure engaged with the landscapes in their encounters/experiences. The specific goals are: to characterize the encounter sites as particular tourist versions of the “Mirim Lagoon” lacustrine whole; to analyze the aesthetics underlying the (visual) appreciation of these lakescapes; to identify tourist practices and performances that occur in the studied sites, over the summer of 2020/2021. The theoretical and conceptual bases involve the landscape, according to the New Cultural Geography (way of seeing), the Phenomenological Geography (way of being), and the tourist gaze to these landscapes. The multiple case study comprises documentation (from Instagram photos and Trip Advisor reviews), direct observations and semi-standardized interviews, followed by qualitative content analysis (decomposition, coding and recomposition) and triangulation, until theoretical saturation is reached. It is thus based on Edgar Morin's (2011, 2015a/b) Complexity method, especially in regards to the Dialogical, Recursive, and Hologramatic
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