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Leizhou Peninsula, Located in the Southern Guangdong Province, China, Covering an Area of Over 7,800 Square Kilometers. Our Fiel

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Leizhou Peninsula, Located in the Southern Guangdong Province, China, Covering an Area of Over 7,800 Square Kilometers. Our Fiel Conservation of Spoon-billed Sandpiper (Calidris pygmaea) in Leizhou Peninsula, China ID 03324317 Host country China Site location and the dates in the field Leizhou Peninsula, located in the southern Guangdong province, China, covering an area of over 7,800 square kilometers. Our fieldwork focused mainly on the east coast of it, and was carried out between November 2017 and January 2017. Names of any institutions involved in organising the project or participating School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University (support the fieldworks) Zhanjiang Bird Watching Society (logistics, cooperate in the workshop and support with volunteers), Hong Kong Bridwatching Society (support the fieldwork), Spoon-billed Sandpiper Task Force, Spoon-billed Sandpiper in China (Communicate with other NGO, cooperate in the workshop), Zhanjiang Yizhong Peicai School (cooperate in environmental education), Xinmin primary school (cooperate in environmental education). The overall aim summarised in 10–15 words Local population can be protected and monitored. Local conservation awareness is increased to high degree. Full names of author(s) Chengyi Liu, Xia Zhan, Leyi Su Permanent contact address, email and website Chengyi Liu Room 204, Mawenhui Hall No.135, Xingangxi Road Guangzhou, 510275 P. R. China [email protected] Date which the report was completed January 4th, 2019 Section 1: Summary Spoon-billed Sandpipers (Calidris pygmeus, SBS) is a critically endangered shorebirds endemic to the East Asian-Australasian Flyway[1]. Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong as the largest wintering area for them in China (43 individuals recorded in 2016[2]), is important for this species of high conservation concern. To understand the wintering ecology of SBS habitat (especially their potential food resources) and carry out effective conservation action plan in the future, we conducted synchronous population survey and habitat studies in Leizhou during November 2017 - January 2018. Furthermore, we also carried out social survey to evaluate the current status of local conservation awareness. Finally, environmental education was conducted with local NGOs as preliminary work of long-term awareness rising. In the synchronous survey, we found 14 individuals and located 39 feeding patches. Moreover, we identified 21 groups of benthic animals (including some species and unidentified genera and families) as potential food resources for SBS. Based on the social survey results, we learned that illegal hunting, one of the biggest threats to SBS in this region, had decreased during recent years, though local people still lacked knowledge of local wild birds and conservation. Regarding to environmental education, we organized activities and gave lectures in local schools, which set a good example for local NGOs. In all, we understood the basic conservation situation of SBS in Leizhou Peninsula, and our project set up the foundation for continuing future research programs in understanding the wintering ecology of SBS in this area. Combined with our environmental education models, these efforts would benefit the long-term conservation plans for wintering SBS in Leizhou Peninsula and beyond. Introduction Spoon-billed Sandpipers (Calidris pygmeus, SBS) is a shorebird which migrate for long distance in east Asia, and they suffered human impacts such as habitat alteration and illegal hunting, and are classified as critically endangered in IUCN Red List[1]. Leizhou Peninsula, in the southern tip of mainland China, is a newly founded wintering habitat for SBSs. In winter of 2016, investigators found 43 individuals in Leizhou Peninsula[2], pointing an important site with great conservation value. However, basic understanding on the wintering ecology of SBS in this region generally lacks. Habitat and food choice of SBS in Leizhou Peninsula are yet unclear, which would be a barrier to decide the specific conservation strategy for local SBS population. And human effects such as illegal hunting are still completely eradicated in Leizhou Peninsula, and the degree of local conservation awareness is not yet evaluated, which are the necessary information to design the awareness-rising plan. In our conservation project, we intended to understand the basic SBS conservation status in Leizhou Peninsula. First, we planned to investigate SBS distribution in Leizhou and further explore potential food resources. Then, we plan to assess locals’ conservation awareness and try to minimize human disturbance to SBS. Meanwhile, we will have a close association with local conservation NGO for awareness rising in a long term. In our project, we cooperated with Zhangjiang Bird Watching Society, a local conservation NGO. They provided valuable information of SBS and helped us recruit volunteers, which made a great contribution to our fieldwork and environmental education activities. Hong Kong birdwatching Society, as an experienced conservation NGO that has been working in Leizhou Peninsula for years, provided us some information of local condition. We the three conservation teams held wintering population synchronous survey together. And we also cooperated with local schools: Zhanjiang Yizhong Peicai School and Xinmin primary school in environmental education. Figure 1 The map of Leizhou Peninsula (© Google Earth) In all, our conservation project will not only promote local SBS conservation, but also document wintering ecological data for SBS in scientific research. And our basic social survey results will be as a reference, for conservationists, local NGOs and government managers to design better SBS as well as bird conservation strategy of Leizhou Peninsula in the future. Project members Chengyi Liu As a student major in biological science, Chengyi Liu has a great interest in bird conservation and biodiversity. He has two-year experience working as a part-time natural education volunteer and has sharpened his skills in fieldwork and project management. He has now graduated from Sun Yat-sen University and continues studying ecology and conservation in Uppsala University. He provided novel but sensible ideas to develop this project and built good relationships with stake holders in Leizhou Peninsula, including cooperation groups and local people. As a team leader, he coordinated well and organized teamwork properly. Qin Huang Qin has rich experience in bird survey and survey design. He is now working as a bird guide and also engaged in natural education. He helped design fieldwork plan and contacted with local government and NGOs. Also, he gave practical suggestions during the program. Xuecong Zhang Xuecong has masted excellent data analysis skills in his undergraduate stage and was responsible for habitat quality evaluation and community field survey. Xin Lin Xin is talented and skillful in field survey and experiment design. He now studies breeding ecology of Kentish Plover in Sun Yat-sen University. In this program, he was responsible for SBS’s population monitoring. Leyi Su Leyi studies population genetics of Common Swift and also shows great enthusiasm in conservation and natural education. She engaged in community survey and publicity in the program and tried her best to illustrate conservation concepts in easy and live way. Xia Zhan Xia had both experience in bird survey and community education. She participated in community education in local schools and shared experience with local NGOs to help future conservation work in this area. Nan Zhang Nan has studied shorebirds for three years and he is familiar with shorebird ecology. He took charge in financial management and access feasibility of activities. Section 2: Aim and objectives (1) Objective 1: Understanding wintering population size and distribution of SBS, as well as its potential food resources in Leizhou Peninsula. (2) Objective 2: Having a better understanding of locals’ attitude towards bird conservation and potential threats caused. (3) Objective 3: Improve local bird conservation awareness in long term. Changes to original project plan Our aim and objectives are generally based on the logical framework which we submitted after training from CLP Workshop. The changes to original project plan are showed below: (1) Considering we have little information of local residents’ conservation awareness and it is impossible to carry out awareness-rising activities (e.g. long-term environmental education) within one year. (2) It is very hard to conduct effective education project with limited time and workforce, so we considered education itself a secondary result. And we turned to design and conduct our environmental education based on results of social survey experimental, and provide valuable suggestion and set environmental education model for local NGO. Methodology Objective 1 We decide to carry out a synchronous survey of SBS in the whole Leizhou Peninsula in cooperation with Zhanjiang Bird Watching Society and Hong Kong Birdwatching Society in January because it is the time when wintering population are relatively sedentary. The synchronous survey means that several groups of investigators conduct the counting work of SBS respectively at the same time in different places of Leizhou Peninsula. Objective 2: We also located the foraging areas of SBS and sampled the benthos in some of these foraging areas to learn about the composition of potential food for SBS during November 6th - 10th 2017, December 6th - 10th 2017 and January 12th - 16th 2018. Also, we sampled on December 21st - 23rd 2017 as a complement of the second sampling because we didn’t
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