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Introduction Notes Introduction 1 J. Mush, An Abstracte of the Life and Martirdome of Mistres Margaret Clitherow (Mechelen, 1619), sig. A2±A2v. 2 Troubles of Our Catholic Forefathers Related by Themselves, ed. J. Morris (London, 1877), vol. 3, p. 432; The Chronicle of the English Augustinian Canonesses Regular of the Lateran, at St Monica's in Louvain (now at St Augustine's Priory, Newton Abbot, Devon) 1548±1644, ed. A. Hamilton, hereafter Chronicle of St Monica's (London, 1904), vol. 1, pp. 33±4. 3 Chronicle of St Monica's, vol. 1, pp. 16±17, 33, 46±55, 80±4, 175±9, 189±90, 205±6; vol. 2, pp. 164±8. 4 H. Peters, Mary Ward: A World In Contemplation, trans. H. Butterfield (Leomin- ster, 1994); J. Cameron, A Dangerous Innovator: Mary Ward 1585±1645 (Sydney, 2000); M. Wright, Mary Ward's Institute: The Struggle for Identity (Sydney, 1997); P. Guilday, The English Catholic Refugees on the Continent 1558±1795 (London, 1914), pp. 163±214; St Mary's Convent, Micklegate Bar, York (1686±1887), ed. H. J. Coleridge (London, 1887). 5 Their publications on the history and archives of convents and individuals are too numerous to list, but the principal journals include: Recusant History; Downside Review; Ampleforth Journal; Essex Recusant; London Recusant; Northern Catholic History; Staffordshire Catholic History; Catholic Archives. See also the CRS records and monographs series. The two standard studies of the convents abroad are Guilday, Catholic Refugees; and B. Whelan, Historic English Convents of Today: The Story of the English Cloisters in France and Flanders in Penal Times (London, 1936). 6 M. J. Havran, The Catholics of Caroline England (Stanford, Ca., 1962); P. McGrath, Papists and Puritans Under Elizabeth I (London, 1967); J. Bossy, The English Catholic Community, 1570±1850 (London, 1975); A Pritchard, Catholic Loyalism in Elizabethan England (London, 1979); C. Haigh, `From Monopoly to Minority: Catholicismin Early Modern England', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 31 (1982), pp. 129±47; M. L. Carrafiello, `English Catholicismand the Jesuit Mission of 1580±1581', HJ, 37 (1994), pp. 761±74. For an overview of the debates, see A. Dures, English Catholicism 1558±1642 (London, 1983); and M. A. Mullett, Catholics in Britain and Ireland, 1558±1829 (Basingstoke, 1998), pp. 2±26. 7 D. Mathew, Catholicism in England 1535±1935: Portrait of a Minority: Its Culture and Tradition (London, 1936); J. Bossy, `The Character of Elizabethan Catholi- cism', in Crisis in Europe, 1560±1660, ed. T. Aston (London, 1965), pp. 223±46; C. Haigh, Reformation and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire (Cambridge, 1975); J. C. H. Aveling, The Handle and the Axe: The Catholic Recusants in England from Reformation to Emancipation (London, 1976); Bossy, Catholic Community; C. Haigh, `The Continuity of Catholicismin the English Reformation', P&P, 93 (1981), pp. 37±69; Dures, English Catholicism. For a good overview of the 178 Notes 179 historiography, see A. R. Muldoon, `Recusants, Church-Papists, and ``Com- fortable'' Missionaries: Assessing the Post-Reformation English Catholic Community', CHR, 86 (2000), pp. 242±57. 8 C. Hibbard, `Early Stuart Catholicism: Revisions and Re-revisions', Journal of Modern History, 52 (1980), pp. 1±34; C. Hibbard, Charles I and the Popish Plot (Chapel Hill, NC, 1983); A. Walsham, Church Papists: Catholicism, Con- formity and Confessional Polemic in Early Modern England (Woodbridge, 1993), pp. 73±99. 9 Mullett, Catholics in Britain, pp. 82±3. 10 E. Power, Medieval English Nunneries, c.1275±1525 (Cambridge, 1922); S. K. Elkins, Holy Women of Twelfth Century England (Chapel Hill, NC, 1988); S. Thompson, Women Religious: The Founding of English Nunneries after the Norman Conquest (Oxford, 1991); R. Gilchrist, Gender and Material Culture: the Archaeology of Religious Women (London, 1994); M. Oliva, The Convent and the Community in Late Medieval England: Female Monasteries in the Diocese of Norwich, 1350±1540 (Woodbridge, 1998); K. Cooke, `The English Nuns and the Dissolution', in The Cloister and the World: Essays in Medieval History in Honour of Barbara Harvey, ed. J. Blair and B. Golding (Oxford, 1996), pp. 287±301. 11 M. Norman, `Dame Gertrude More and the English Mystical Tradition', RH, 13 (1976), pp. 196±211; R. Warnicke, Women of the English Renaissance and Reformation (Westport, Conn., 1983), pp. 173±7; S. Bowerbank, `Gertrude More and the Mystical Perspective', Studia Mystica, 9 (1986), pp. 34±46; I. Grundy, `Women's History? Writings by English Nuns', in Women, Writing, History 1640±1740, ed. I. Grundy and S. Wiseman (London, 1992), pp. 126±38; P. Crawford, Women and Religion in England 1500±1720 (London, 1993), pp. 63±4, 83±5; J. K. McNamara, Sisters in Arms: Catholic Nuns through Two Millennia (Cambridge, Mass., 1996), pp. 448±9, 462, 491, 496±7; H. Wolfe, `Reading Bells and Loose Papers: Reading and Writing Practices of the English Benedictine Nuns of Cambrai and Paris', in Early Modern Women's Manuscript Writings, ed. V. Burke and J. Gibson (Aldershot, 2002). 12 D. L. Latz, `Glow-Worm Light': Writings of Seventeenth-Century Recusant Women from Original Manuscripts (Salzburg, 1989); The Tragedy of Mariam The Fair Queen of Jewry with The Lady Falkland: Her Life by One of her Daughters, ed. B. Weller and M. W. Ferguson (Berkeley, Ca., 1994); Women's Worlds in Seventeenth-Century England: A Sourcebook, ed. P. Crawford and L. Gowing (London, 2000), pp. 51±3, 54±7; The Early Modern Englishwoman: A Facsimile Library of Essential Works, ed. B. S. Travitsky and P. Cullen, vol. 13, Recusant Translators: Elizabeth Cary and Alexia Grey (Aldershot, 2000); Elizabeth Cary, Lady Falkland: Life and Letters, ed. H. Wolfe, RTM vol. 4, MRTS vol. 230 (Cambridge and Tempe, AZ, 2001). 13 K. Norberg, `The Counter Reformation and Women: Religious and Lay', in Catholicism in Early Modern History: A Guide to Research, ed. J. W. O'Malley (St Louis, 1988), p. 134. 14 G. Zarri, `Ursula and Catherine: The Marriage of Virgins in the Sixteenth Century', in Creative Women in Medieval and Early Modern Italy: A Religious and Artistic Renaissance, ed. E. A. Matter and J. Coakley (Philadelphia, 1994), pp. 237±78; G. Zarri, `Living Saints: A Typology of Female Sanctity in the Early Sixteenth Century', in Women and Religion in Medieval and Renaissance 180 Notes Italy, ed. D. Bornstein and R. Rusconi (Chicago, 1996), pp. 219±303; G. Zarri, `Gender, Religious Institutions and Social Discipline: The Reformof the Regulars', in Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy, ed. J. C. Brown and R. C. Davis (London, 1998), pp. 193±212; Women and Faith: Catholic Religious Life in Italy from Late Antiquity to the Present, ed. L. Scaraffia and G. Zarri (Cambridge, Mass., 1999). For a review of this literature, see S. Evangelisti, `Wives, Widows, and Brides of Christ: Marriage and the Convent in the Historiography of Early Modern Italy', HJ, 43 (2000), pp. 233±47. 15 R. Burr Litchfield, `Demographic Characteristics of Florentine Patrician Families, Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries', Journal of Economic History,29 (1969), pp. 191±205; R. C. Trexler, `Le ceÂlibat aÁ la fin du Moyen Age: les religieuses de Florence', Annales ESC, 27 (1972), pp. 1329±50 (trans. `Celibacy in the Renaissance: The Nuns of Florence', in Dependence in Context in Renaissance Florence (Binghamton, NY, 1994), pp. 343±72); V. Cox, `The Single Self: Feminist Thought and the Marriage Market in Early Modern Venice', RQ , 48 (1995), pp. 513±81; E. A. Lehfeldt, `Convents as Litigants: Dowry and Inheritance Disputes in Early Modern Spain', Journal of Social History, 33 (2000), pp. 645±64. 16 K. J. P. Lowe, `Patronage and Territoriality in Early Sixteenth-Century Flor- ence', Renaissance Studies, 7 (1993), pp. 258±71; H. Hills, `Iconography and Ideology: Aristocracy, Immaculacy and Virginity in Seventeenth-Century Palermo, Oxford Art Journal, 17 (1994), pp. 16±31; J. G. Sperling, Convents and the Body Politic in Late Renaissance Venice (Chicago, 1999); C. Blaisdell, `Religion, Gender, and Class: Nuns and Authority in Early Modern France', in Changing Identities in Early Modern France, ed. M. Wolfe (Durham, NC, 1997), pp. 147±68; S. Broomhall, ` ``In My Opinion'': Charlotte de Minut and Female Political Discussion in Sixteenth-Century France', SCJ, 31 (2000), pp. 25±45; J. Bilinkoff, `A Spanish Prophetess and Her Patrons: The Case of MarõÂade Santo Domingo', SCJ, 23 (1992), pp. 21±34. 17 The Crannied Wall: Women, Religion, and the Arts in Early Modern Europe, ed. C. A. Monson (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1992); Creative Women; M. Winkelmes, `Taking Part: Benedictine Nuns as Patrons of Art and Architecture', in Pictur- ing Women in Renaissance and Baroque Italy, ed. G. A. Johnson and S. F. Matthews Grieco (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 91±110; L. Lierheimer, `Redefining Convent Space: Ideals of Female Community among Seventeenth-Century Ursuline Nuns', Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History, 24 (1997), pp. 211±20; M. N. Taggard, `Picturing Intimacy in a Spanish Golden Age Convent', Oxford Art Journal, 23 (2000), pp. 99±111; P. Ranft, A Woman's Way: The Forgotten History of Women Spiritual Directors (New York, 2000); A. Weber, `Spiritual Administration: Gender and Discern- ment in the Carmelite Reform', SCJ, 31 (2000), pp. 123±46. 18 C. Monson, Disembodied Voices: Music and Culture in an Early Modern Italian Convent (Berkeley, Ca., 1995); J. M. Wood, `Breaking the Silence: The Poor Clares and the Visual Arts in Fifteenth-Century Italy', RQ , 48 (1995), pp. 262±86; U. Strasser, `Bones of Contention: Cloistered Nuns, Decorated Relics, and the Contest over Women's Place in the Public Sphere of Counter- Reformation Munich', Archive for Reformation History, 90 (1999), pp. 255±88. 19 Till God Will: Mary Ward Through her Writings, ed. M. Emmanuel Orchard (London, 1985), p. 58. Notes 181 1 Female Monasticism Revived: Foundations and Vocations 1 `Abbess Neville's Annals of Five Communities of English Benedictine Nuns in Flanders, 1598±1687', ed.
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