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Perfume and Consumer Acceptability of Cut Ptilotus Flowers RIRDC Publication No Perfume and Consumer Acceptability of Cut Ptilotus Flowers RIRDC Publication No. 09/141 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia Perfume and Consumer Acceptability of Cut Ptilotus Flowers by Daryl Joyce, Amanda J Able, Margaret Cover and Bruce D’Arcy September 2009 RIRDC Publication No 09/141 RIRDC Project No PRJ-002435 © 2009 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 940 3 ISSN 1440-6845 Perfume and Consumer Acceptability of Cut Ptilotus Flowers Publication No. 09/141 Project No. PRJ-002435 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. However, wide dissemination is encouraged. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the RIRDC Publications Manager on phone 02 6271 4165. Researcher Contact Details Daryl Joyce School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld. 4343, Australia Phone: 61 (0)7 54601725 Fax: 61 (0)7 54601112 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 2, 15 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6271 4100 Fax: 02 6271 4199 Email: [email protected]. Web: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Electronically published by RIRDC in September 2009 Print-on-demand by Union Offset Printing, Canberra at www.rirdc.gov.au or phone 1300 634 313 ii Foreword Australia’s wildflower industry has a value of $40m. Growth of the wildflower industry in Australia is linked to introduction of novel products and the Australian flora provides a rich source of unique material. Recently introduced Ptilotus nobilis cultivars (e.g. cv. Passion) represent opportunity for increased cut flower sales on domestic and international markets. P. nobilis inflorescences are scented and this character was considered a potentially promotable attribute. Accordingly, the volatile components responsible for P. nobilis scent and its acceptability to consumers were investigated. Producers, wholesalers and retailers in the wildflower industry benefit from such research and development. The research established that Australian consumers consider P. nobilis scent a desirable attribute. This attribute and positive descriptors offered by consumers can therefore be used in promoting P. nobilis sales. The findings indicated that promotional material highlighting scent as a desirable attribute should be offered with a view to increasing consumer demand for cut P. nobilis flowers. This project was funded from RIRDC Wildflower and Native Plants R&D Program which is provided by the Australian Government. This report, an addition to RIRDC’s diverse range of over 1900 research publications, forms part of our Wildflower and Native Plants R&D program, which aims to improve the profitability, productivity and sustainability of the Australian wildflower and native plant industry. Most of RIRDC’s publications are available for viewing, downloading or purchasing online at www.rirdc.gov.au. Purchases can also be made by phoning 1300 634 313. Peter O’Brien Managing Director Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation iii Acknowledgments The authors gratefully recognise scientific expertise of Heather Smyth (Queensland Department of Industry & Fisheries) and technical support of Minh-Hien Nguyen (Centre for Native Floriculture, University of Queensland) in conducting gas chromatographic mass spectrometry analyses of Ptilotus nobilis scent and assisting with consumer surveys on Ptilotus nobilis scent, respectively. We also gratefully acknowledge support from RIRDC and Aussie Colours Ltd. iv Contents Foreword ...............................................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgments................................................................................................................................. iv Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................vii 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Objectives ........................................................................................................................................... 2 3. Methodology....................................................................................................................................... 3 Compositional analysis of scent........................................................................................................ 3 Consumer acceptability of scent ....................................................................................................... 3 4. Results................................................................................................................................................. 4 Compositional analysis of scent of cut Ptilotus flowers and understanding of factors that affect scent ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Consumer descriptions and acceptability of scent and other characteristics of cut Ptilotus flowers............................................................................................................................................... 7 5. Implications........................................................................................................................................ 9 6. Recommendations............................................................................................................................ 10 7. References ........................................................................................................................................ 11 8. Appendices ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Appendix 1. Ptilotus Passion inflorescences as presented to consumers............................... 12 Appendix 2. Ptilotus Passion Survey Questionnaire (abridged version). .............................. 13 Appendix 3. Behaviour of cut P. nobilis Purity and Passion inflorescences during vase life at 22oC................................................................................................. 15 Appendix 4. List of apparently negatively-inclined comments (focused particularly on scent) by people (individual consumers) surveyed at four shopping centres about cut P. nobilis ‘Passion’ flowers................................................... 16 Appendix 5. List of apparently neutral and/or positively inclined comments (focused particularly on scent) by people (individual consumers) surveyed at four shopping centres about cut P. nobilis ‘Passion’ flowers.................................... 17 v Tables Table 1. Main headspace volatiles emitted from P. nobilis flowers.................................................... 5 Table 2. Main headspace volatiles emitted from individual floret parts from opened mature florets of P. nobilis Passion. .................................................................................................. 7 Table 3. Assessments of P. nobilis Passion inflorescence form (shape), colour and fragrance (scent) by randomly selected people (consumers; n ~ 100) at four SE Queensland shopping centre sites.............................................................................................................. 8 Figures Figure 1. Total volatiles emissions from different maturity florets of P. nobilis Passion (A) and Purity (B)............................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2. Total volatiles emission from fully opened mature florets of individual cut P. nobilis Passion and Purity inflorescences at 22°C. ........................................................................... 6 Figure 3. Total volatiles emission from individual floret parts from opened mature florets of P. nobilis Passion and Purity. ...................................................................................................
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