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Sri Lanka's Potemkin Peace: Democracy Under Fire
Sri Lanka’s Potemkin Peace: Democracy Under Fire Asia Report N°253 | 13 November 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Northern Province Elections and the Future of Devolution ............................................ 2 A. Implementing the Thirteenth Amendment? ............................................................. 3 B. Northern Militarisation and Pre-Election Violations ................................................ 4 C. The Challenges of Victory .......................................................................................... 6 1. Internal TNA discontent ...................................................................................... 6 2. Sinhalese fears and charges of separatism ........................................................... 8 3. The TNA’s Tamil nationalist critics ...................................................................... 9 D. The Legal and Constitutional Battleground .............................................................. 12 E. A Short- -
Cluster Report
MONITORING FACTORS AFFECTING THE SRI LANKAN PEACE PROCESS CLUSTER REPORT THIRD QUARTERLY MAY 2008 – JULY 2008 CENTRE FOR POLICY ALTERNATIVES TABLE OF CONTENTS CLUSTER Page Number PEACE TALKS AND NEGOTIATIONS CLUSTER ……………………………………… 2 MILITARY BALANCE CLUSTER ........................................................................................................3 HUMAN SECURITY....................................................................................................................................7 POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT CLUSTER .....................................................................................11 INTERNATIONAL CLUSTER ............................................................................................................15 LEGAL & CONSTIIUTIONAL CLUSTER .....................................................................................18 ECONOMIC CLUSTER ..........................................................................................................................21 PUBLIC OPINION CLUSTER ............................................................................................................26 MEDIA ...........................................................................................................................................................30 ENDNOTES…..……………………………………………………………………………….34 METHODOLOGY The Centre for Policy Alternatives (CPA) has conducted the project “Monitoring the Factors Affecting the Peace Process” to provide an understanding of the current status of the peace -
Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Committee Report
IDSA Issue Brief IDSIDSAA ISSUEISSUE BRIEFBRIEF1 Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Committee Report: A Valuable Process than an End Product Amali Wedagedara Amali Wedagedara is Visiting Fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi February 01, 2012 Summary The Report of the Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Committee (LLRC), which was made public in December 2011, is a major achievement for post- war Sri Lanka. Mandated to generate a report on the facts and circumstances which led to the failure of the Ceasefire Agreement and the sequence of events that followed till the end of the war—whether any person, group or institution directly or indirectly bears responsibility, institutional, administrative and legislative measures which need to be taken in order to prevent any recurrence of such concerns in the future, and to promote further national unity and reconciliation among communities—the Commission’s Report met with comment, criticism as well as appreciation within Sri Lanka and in the international community. The Report brings in representations from all sections of Sri Lankan society and provides a series of recommendations on issues of dispute, the situation on the ground, and the need for reconciliation, amity, and national harmony. When all issues are taken into consideration, the progressiveness of the Report lies more in the process it created and the multiple narratives it brought in from the periphery, rather than as an end product in itself. Disclaimer: Views expressed in IDSA’s publications and on its website are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IDSA or the Government of India. -
SRI LANKA COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
SRI LANKA COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 4 July 2011 SRI LANKA 4 JULY 2011 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN SRI LANKA FROM 2 TO 27 JUNE 2011 Useful news sources for further information REPORTS ON SRI LANKA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 2 TO 27 JUNE 2011 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.06 Public holidays ..................................................................................................... 1.07 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 3. HISTORY .................................................................................................................. 3.01 Key political events (1948 to December 2010) ............................................... 3.01 The internal conflict (1984 to May 2009) ......................................................... 3.15 Government treatment of (suspected) members of the LTTE ........................ 3.28 The conflict's impact: casualties and displaced persons ................................ 3.43 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................................... 4.01 Key recent developments (January – May 2011) ........................................... 4.01 Situation -
Digitized by Noolaham Foundation. Noolaham.Org | Aavanaham.Org
Digitized by Noolaham Foundation. noolaham.org | aavanaham.org For further Info Please Contact Pradeep Peiris or Rangani Ranasinghe Social Indicator Centre for Policy Alternatives 105, 5th Lane Colombo 3 Sri Lanka Tel: +94112370472/4 Fax: +94112370475 Email: [email protected] Web: www.cpalanka.org/polling.html Digitized by Noolaham Foundation. noolaham.org | aavanaham.org Peace Confidence Index Top-Line Results CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION 01 • FINDINGS AT A GLANCE 02 • PEACE CONFIDENCE INDEX (PCI) 11 TOP-LINE RESULTS IMPORTANT ISSUES 11 SOLUTIONS 12 ] COMMITMENT AND CAPACITY 16 CURRENT SECURITY CONDITION 20 • POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS COST OF LIVING 23 JVP SPLIT 35 INDIA & OTHER COUNTRIES 37 EASTERN PROVINCE ELECTIONS 42 LOSING THE UNHRC SEAT 47 ALL PARTY REPRESENTATIVE COMMITTEE (APRC) 49 THE PRESIDENT 52 HUMAN RIGHTS 54 • KEY NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 55 • ANNEX Copyright © Social Indicator August 2008 Digitized by Noolaham Foundation. noolaham.org | aavanaham.org 1110101 Peace Confidence 10 Index Page 1 Top-line Results INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is two-fold. One is to develop a numerical indicator of the level of public confidence in the peace process using a set of standardized questions, which remain unchanged with each wave. The other is to use a set of questions related to recent social, economic and political developments in order to gauge public opinion on the peace process, which by definition will change from one wave to another. Such information, collected over a period of time, will provide civil society and policy makers a useful barometer of Sri Lankan polity’s opinions, and ensure that such collective opinions are given due importance and incorporated into the policy debate. -
Deadly Symbols, Vibrant Electoral Politics and War Crimes in Sri Lanka
DEADLY SYMBOLS, VIBRANT ELECTORAL POLITICS AND WAR CRIMES IN SRI LANKA * A.R.M. Imtiyaz [Abstract: Symbols are emotional and they play significant role in all aspect of human communities, including electoral politics. Symbols are deadly in nature because they can provoke deadly violence and war crimes. In Sri Lanka, Sinhala politician and elites often resort to symbols in order to win political power. This study examines the interaction between Buddhist ethnic symbols and politics in Sri Lanka. This paper examines the process of politicization of Buddhist symbols, and the use of symbols in the general elections in 1956 that brought the Sinhala exclusivists to the power establishment of Sri Lanka and the sixth Presidential elections in 2010. This paper, also briefly discusses the war crimes allegedly by committed security forces against the Tamils.] [The article appeared in the IUP Journal of International Relations, Vol IV, No. 3, July 2010. The issue of the journal in which it appears online, http://www.iupindia.in/International_Relations.asp] * Dr. A.R.M. Imtiyaz, Adjunct Professor of Political Science, Temple University, USA. He can be reached at [email protected] 1 Some Remarks on the Sinhala-Buddhist Religio-Political Parties and Groups in Sri Lanka Although Buddhist monks have enjoyed a prominent position with the society for long time and that the state policies were being eschewed towards Buddhism from the early days of independent Sri Lanka, political parties solely based on religious identity is a relative new phenomenon. There are approximately 45 registered political parties, including the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) and the United National Party (UNP).1 To date, two major political parties can be exclusively categorized as political parties that employ Sinhala-Buddhist concerns and demands for electoral gains. -
Joint Statement of Sri Lanka Political Parties on 100Th Anniversary Of
100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA (CPC) Joint Statement of Sri Lanka Political Parties The year 2021 marks the 100th the anniversary of the founding of the CPC. On 23rd July 1921, the inaugural congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Shanghai with 13 delegates representing around 50 members of the Party. A century years after its founding, the CPC has grown to more than 91 million members, making it one of the largest political parties in the world. At this joyous occasion, we extend our congratulations to General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Communist Party of China for the tremendous achievements of the CPC over the last 100 years in the history of China, international politics and mankind. The CPC has remained true to its ambition to seek liberation, unification and rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, while building socialism and creating a community with a shared future for mankind. The relentless efforts of the CPC have turned a semi-feudal, semi-colonial country into the second largest economy in the world, while pulling over 700 million people out of poverty and successfully fighting with the COVID-19 pandemic. Under the leadership of the Communist Party, China has been a steadfast friend and ally to the Third World. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s “Belt and Road” Initiative has helped underdeveloped countries develop their infrastructure and forces of production while respecting sovereignty. China’s generosity amid the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has been crucial for developing countries struggling to procure anti-epidemic materials and vaccines. -
Trends in Youth Radicalization in South Asia
Trends in Youth Radicalization in South Asia A Publication based on the proceedings of the Regional Conference convened by the Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (RCSS) as the South Asian Regional Secretariat for the Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC). Trends in Youth Radicalization in South Asia © Regional Centre for Strategic Studies First Published – 2018 ISBN 978-955-.................. Copyright of this publication belongs to the Regional Centre for Strategic Studies. Any part of this book may be reproduced with due acknowledgment to the author/s and publisher. Published by Regional Centre for Strategic Studies 20/73, Fairfield Gardens Colombo 08, Sri Lanka. Tel : +94 112 690 913-4 Fax : +94 112 690 769 E-mail : [email protected] Printed by Design Systems (Pvt) Ltd 23/1, 1st Maligakanda Lane, Colombo 10 Contents Preface ...............................................5 Prof. Gamini Keerawella / Akshay Senanayake Youth Radicalism: A Human Rights Perspective.............13 Dr. Deepika Udagama Countering Youth Radicalization in South Asia .............21 Dr. Nishchal N. Pandey Ridding Afghanistan of Youth Radicalization Leading to Violent Extremism ...........................................27 Shafeek Seddiq Trends in Youth Radicalization in Sri Lanka . 47 Samal Vimukthi Hemachandra Tamil Youth Radicalization after the Armed Conflict in Sri Lanka . 65 Dr. Malini Balamayuran Challenges in Countering Radicalization: Sri Lankan Youth Expe- rience . .89 Vidura Prabath Munasinghe Trends in Youth Radicalization in South Asia: A Case Study of Pakistan ............................................107 Prof. Moonis Ahmar About the Editors ....................................125 3 Preface Gamini Keerawella Akshay Senanayake If we are serious about prevention, and particularly about preventing conflict, we need to be serious about engaging with and investing in young women and men. -
Sri Lanka's Potemkin Peace
Sri Lanka’s Potemkin Peace: Democracy Under Fire Asia Report N°253 | 13 November 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Northern Province Elections and the Future of Devolution ............................................ 2 A. Implementing the Thirteenth Amendment? ............................................................. 3 B. Northern Militarisation and Pre-Election Violations ................................................ 4 C. The Challenges of Victory .......................................................................................... 6 1. Internal TNA discontent ...................................................................................... 6 2. Sinhalese fears and charges of separatism ........................................................... 8 3. The TNA’s Tamil nationalist critics ...................................................................... 9 D. The Legal and Constitutional Battleground .............................................................. 12 E. A Short- -
State Reluctance Towards Inclusive Policies in Post-Civil War Sri Lanka
Journal of Politics and Law; Vol. 13, No. 3; 2020 ISSN 1913-9047 E-ISSN 1913-9055 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education State Reluctance towards Inclusive Policies in Post-Civil War Sri Lanka Mansoor Mohamed Fazil1, Mohamed Anifa Mohamed Fowsar1, Mohamed Bazeer Safna Sakki1, Thaharadeen Fathima Sajeetha1 & Vimalasiri Kamalasiri1 1 Department of Political Science, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, University Park, Oluvil, Sri Lanka Correspondence: Mansoor Mohamed Fazil, Department of Political Science, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, University Park, Oluvil, #32360, Sri Lanka. E-mail: [email protected] Received: May 10, 2020 Accepted: May 30, 2020 Online Published: August 17, 2020 doi:10.5539/jpl.v13n3p109 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n3p109 Abstract This study aims to identify the factors preventing the state from responding in a manner that will avoid future conflict in post-civil war Sri Lanka. After the government ended the separatist struggle of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) by bringing the civil war to an end in May 2009, the protracted and destructive 30-year war presented an opportunity for both state and society to learn many useful lessons from the long war. These lessons could have enabled the government to reconstitute the state as an inclusive institution, one in which minorities could also participate to ensure just and equitable development for all Sri Lankans. This study uses a qualitative research approach that involves analysis of critical categories. Findings of this study offer some crucial insights about Sri Lanka’s ethnic politics, particularly, the various factors have influenced the state to avoid inclusive policies. -
Dynamics of Sinhala Buddhist Ethno-Nationalism in Post-War Sri
Dynamics of Sinhala Buddhist Ethno- Nationalism in Post- War Sri Lanka Ayesha Zuhair Centre for Policy Alternatives | April 2016 The Centre for Policy Alternatives (CPA) is an independent, non-partisan organisation that focuses primarily on issues of governance and conflict resolution. Formed in 1996 in the firm belief that the vital contribution of civil society to the public policy debate is in need of strengthening, CPA is committed to programmes of research and advocacy through which public policy is critiqued, alternatives identified and disseminated. Address: 6/5 Layards Road, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka Web: www.cpalanka.org Email: [email protected] Facebook: www.facebook.com/cpasl Twitter: @cpasl 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to place on record my sincere thanks to Dr. Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu and Ms. Iromi Perera for their guidance and commentary in producing this report. I also wish to thank Ms. Sakina Moinudeen for the research assistance and support. I am immensely grateful to all the interviewees for their unique insights as well as their time. Any errors are entirely my own. Ayesha Zuhair 28 March 2016 2 ACRONYMS ACBC All-Ceylon Buddhist Congress ACMC All Ceylon Makkal Congress [All Ceylon People’s Congress] CPA Centre for Policy Alternatives BBS Bodu Bala Sena [Buddhist Power Force] BJP Bodu Jana Peramuna [Buddhist People’s Front] JBS Jathika Bala Sena [National Power Force] JHU Jathika Hela Urumaya [National Sinhala Heritage] JNP Jathika Nidahas Peramuna [National Freedom Front] JVP Janatha Vimutkthi Peramuna [People’s Liberation -
Sri Lanka Strategic Policy Assessment 2011
UNPUBLISHED REPORT – FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY SRI LANKA: STRATEGIC POLICY ASSESSMENT February 2011 Jonathan Goodhand, David Rampton, Rajesh Venugopal, and Nishan de Mel 1 UNPUBLISHED REPORT – FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 INTRODUCTION 11 SECTION ONE: THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE 13 1.1 A Political Trinity 13 1.2 The Return of Sinhala Nationalism: 2000 to 2005 13 1.3 Assuming the Nationalist Mantle: Mahinda Chintana I and the Return to War 14 1.4 Nationalism, Militarization, Securitised Development and the Shifting Paradigm of International Space 15 1.5 Sinhala Nationalism and the Government’s State ‘Reform’ Agenda 17 1.6 The Consolidation of the Rajapaksa Dynasty 20 1.7 Political Opposition, Civil Society and Diaspora Forces 22 SECTION TWO: THE ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE 28 2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 Historical Context of Economic Policy 28 2.3 Economic Policy and Management 2005-2010 30 2.4 Employment and Poverty 33 2.5 Post-war challenges and an agenda for the economy in the north and east 37 SECTION THREE: INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT 41 3.1 Overview 41 3.2 An Eastwards Turn? 41 3.3 The changing context of external engagement 43 3.4 International donor engagement 46 3.5 Key Trends and Drivers of Engagement 50 3.6 Taxonomy of Donors 53 3.7 Sovereignty Bargains: unpacking engagement, influence and ownership 55 3.8 Aid, Conflict and the State 56 SECTION FOUR: DRIVERS OF CHANGE 61 4.1 Overview 61 4.2 Domestic Political Drivers of Change 62 4.3 Economic Drivers of Change 64 4.4 Risks of a Resurgence of Violent