DOCSLIB.ORG

A Pleistocene Rhinocerotid (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Pleistocene Rhinocerotid (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) A Pleistocene Rhinocerotid (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Yage, Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan Author(s): Naoto Handa Source: Paleontological Research, 19(2):139-142. Published By: The Palaeontological Society of Japan URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2517/2014PR033 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Paleontological Research, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 139–142, April 1, 2015 © by the Palaeontological Society of Japan doi:10.2517/2014PR033 A Pleistocene rhinocerotid (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Yage, Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan NAOTO HANDA Shinshushinmachi Fossil Museum, 88-3 Kamijo, Shinshushinmachi, Nagano 381-2404, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) Received February 21, 2014; Revised manuscript accepted September 19, 2014 Abstract. A fossil rhinocerotid tooth from the Yage Formation (Middle to Late Pleistocene), Yage in Shizuoka Prefecture, is described. The present specimen shows the following characteristics of the second lower incisor: tusk-like shape, enamel on the labial side, a teardrop-shaped cross section of the tooth crown, and an oval cross section of the root. The specimen is similar to the genus Rhinoceros in having a large and robust shape. How- ever, owing to a lack of other elements, generic and specific identification are not possible. Previously, several large mammal fossils had been reported from the Yage area, but there were no rhinocerotids among them. Thus, this report is the first record of a rhinocerotid from the area. The Yage specimen suggests rhinocerotids were widely distributed during the Pleistocene of Far East Asia. Key words: Japan, lower incisor, Pleistocene, Rhinocerotidae, Shizuoka Prefecture, Yage Introduction mammal bones from the upper part of the Yage Formation have also been dated to 18,040 ± 990 yrs BP In this study, I describe a lower incisor of a rhinocer- by 14C dating (Kawamura and Matsuhashi, 1989). otid. According to the specimen label, it was collected by Abbreviations.—KPM: Kanagawa Prefectural Museum Takeshi Nishizawa in the Yage area in Inasa Town (a part of Natural History, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, GMNH: of present-day Hamamatsu City) Shizuoka Prefecture, Gunma Museum of Natural History, Gunma Prefecture, central Japan (Figure 1). Nishizawa (1972) further noted Japan. that it was found in “Yage mine”. The Pleistocene Yage Formation is distributed in this Systematic Paleontology area. Tomida (1978) subdivided the Yage Formation into the Lower and Upper Yage formations (Tomida, 1978). Order Perissodactyla Owen, 1848 The lower part of the Yage Formation, which is com- Family Rhinocerotidae Owen, 1845 posed of lacustrine deposits, has yielded fossils of fresh- Subfamily Rhinocerotinae Owen, 1845 water fish, crocodiles, turtles, and a river otter (e.g. Genus and species indeterminate Tomida, 1978; Nakajima and Hasegawa, 1982; Nojima, Figure 2 2002). The geological age of the lower part is estimated as Middle Pleistocene by sedimentological and paleonto- Specimen.—SFM04-11306, a left lower second incisor. logical correlation with neighboring areas (Tomida, 1978; Repository.—Shinshushinmachi Fossil Museum (SFM), Nojima, 2002). The upper part of the Yage Formation, on Nagano Prefecture, Japan. the other hand, which consists of fissure deposits, has Locality and horizon.—Yage area, Inasa Town, yielded various terrestrial mammal fossils (Takai et al., Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan 1958; Tomida, 1978; Nojima, 2002). Based on these (Figure 1B). The specimen was collected from the lower vertebrate fossils, the upper part has been correlated to or upper Yage Formation (Middle to Late Pleistocene: the upper part of the Kuzuu Formation (Upper Pleistocene) Tomida, 1978). Its precise locality and horizon is uncer- in Kuzuu, Tochigi Prefecture, and the upper part of the tain because this information was not provided on the Isa Formation (Upper Pleistocene) in Isa, Yamaguchi label and literature. Prefecture, Japan (Tomida, 1978; Nojima, 2002). Several Description.—The specimen described here represents 140 Naoto Handa Figure 1. A, Map showing the fossil localities of the Pleistocene rhinocerotids in Japan. B, Map showing the Yage area, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture (modified from Tomida, 1978). Figure 2. A lower second incisor of Rhinocerotinae genus and species indeterminate from the Yage area, Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan (SFM04-11306). A, lingual view; B, labial view; C, distal view; D, mesial view; E, occlusal facets of Rhinocerotinae genus and species indeterminate; F, schematic drawing. White shaded areas represent cross sections. Gray shaded areas represent occlusal facets. a left lower second incisor (i2) (Figure 2), the labial part of the root is labio-lingually compressed into an oval of which is partially lacking. The specimen was coated shape. Light brown enamel covers the labial side of the with reddish-brown-colored very fine sandstone. tooth crown, while the lingual side of the tooth crown is Relatively long and robust in size, the apex is slightly smooth and lacking in enamel. The root end of the speci- curved lingually, while the mid-part is slightly swollen men is tapered with dense rings on the root surface. labio-lingually. It has a maximum longitudinal length of Comparisons and discussion.—The specimen described 129.2 mm, a maximum labio-lingual width of 19.5 mm, here shows the following characteristics of the i2 of and a maximum mesio-distal width of 26.0 mm. Several Rhinocerotidae: tusk-like shape, enamel on the labial occlusal facets are observed on the apex of the tooth side, a teardrop-shaped cross section of the tooth crown, crown (Figure 2E, 2F). The cross section of the crown part and an oval cross section of the root (Mermier, 1895; is teardrop-shaped, with an acutely angled mesial margin, Osborn, 1898; Prothero et al., 1986; Prothero, 2005). and a rounded distal margin. In contrast, the cross section Several taxa of the Subfamily Rhinocerotinae (including Pleistocene rhinocerotid from Yage 141 Figure 3. The lower second incisors of Dicerorhinus and Rhinoceros. A, B, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (GMNH-VM-562: recent, adult individual, cast); C, D, Rhinoceros unicornis (KPM-NF1002747: Recent, adult individual). A and C, lingual view; B and D; right distal view. Table 1. Measurements of the incisors of the present specimen, was found in the Middle Pleistocene of South China (e.g. Rhinoceros and Dicerorhinus (in mm). Tong and Moigne, 2000). An isolated upper deciduous Labio- Mesio- premolar, which is closer to R. unicornis, was discovered Specimen Taxon lingual distal number from the Late Pleistocene locality of Lijiang Basin, width width Yunnan (Li, 1961; Tong and Moigne, 2000). The i2 of Present specimen SFM04-11306 19.5 26.0 Rhinoceros is large and robust (e.g. Otsuka and Lin, Rhinoceros unicornis KPM-NF1002747 28.4 41.9 1984; Tong and Guérin, 2009; Schepartz and Miller- Rhinoceros sinensis Specimens No. 5 –17.4 Antonio, 2010) (Figure 3). Although the size of the hayasakai (Otsuka and Lin, 1984) specimen described here is smaller than that of extant Dicerorhinus sumatrensis GMNH-VM-562 12.6 18.3 Rhinoceros (Table 1), its morphology is similar to that of Rhinoceros. However, owing to a lack of other elements Dicerorhinus, Rhinoceros, Coelodonta and Elasmothe- (e.g. skull, mandible, and cheek teeth), generic and spe- rium), have been reported from the Pleistocene in East cific identification are not possible. Asia (e.g. Tong and Moigne, 2000). Of these, Dicerorhinus The i2 of female individuals is less curved than that of and Rhinoceros have tusk-like i2 (Otsuka and Lin, 1984; males (Prothero, 2005). The specimen described here is Tong and Guérin, 2009; Schepartz and Miller-Antonio, almost straight, and is therefore from a female. 2010). Several species of Dicerorhinus (D. choukoutiensis, Previously, several large mammal fossils, such as Ursus D. yunchuensis, D. sumatrensis, D. nipponicus) have been arctos, Panthera tigris, Nipponiceros (Nipponicervus) discovered in East Asia (Shikama et al., 1967; Tong and praenipponicus, and Palaeoloxodon naumanni (Takai et Moigne, 2000; Tong and Guérin, 2009; Tong, 2012), and al., 1958; Tomida, 1978; Nojima, 2002), have been of these, D. sumatrensis is known to have i2. Dicerorhinus reported from the Yage area. However, rhinocerotid fossils sumatrensis was discovered from Early to Late Pleistocene have not been previously discovered from this area. Thus, localities of China (Tong and Guérin, 2009; Tong, 2012 this report is the first record of a rhinocerotid from the area. and references therein), such as Liucheng Gigantopithecus In Japan, Dicerorhinus and Rhinoceros have been dis-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    Japan Credit 26 February 2019 Japanese report: 25 February 2019 (DSCR3183) Shizuoka Prefecture Why Shizuoka became one of Japan's leading prefectures for manufacturing Credit Memorandum JCRE443 Tokugawa Ieyasu retired to Sunpu Castle in Shizuoka Prefecture after yielding FICC Research Dept. power to his son in 1605. The prefecture, known for its mild climate and scenic beauty, is one of Japan's leading prefectures in terms of manufacturing. Its favorable location, between Tokyo area and Nagoya area, the early completion of the Tomei Expressway, and abundant water resources have contributed to the Senior Credit Analyst development of manufacturing in the prefecture. Kouji Hamada (81) 3 5555-8791 The prefecture is also the birthplace of Japan's motorcycle industry, the [email protected] top-ranking one in Japan for seven straight years in terms of the total value of output of pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, and Japan's leading one in terms of pulp and paper production. Daiwa Securities Co. Ltd. Tokugawa Ieyasu yielded The Edo era, which lasted 265 years (1603-1868), started when Tokugawa Ieyasu was power to his son after appointed shogun (generalissimo) and established the Tokugawa Shogunate in Edo two years (current Tokyo) in 1603. However, just two years later, in 1605, he named his son Hidetada to the shogunate. Ieyasu took control after winning the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, after the leader Toyotomi Hideyoshi died, but members of the Toyotomi clan remained in Osaka. Ieyasu's early retirement was apparently a declaration that he did not intend to return power to the Toyotomi clan.
    [Show full text]
  • Takayuki Sakiyama
    Takayuki Sakiyama Japanese, born in 1958 in Shimoda Lives and works in Japan Education 1981 Graduated from Osaka Art College Selected Soloshows 2007 Kisetsu wo Tanoshimu, Wakô Ginza, Tokyo — 19th annual Japan Ceramics Exhibition, Tokyo — Collect, London — Kikuchi Biennale II, Musée Tomo, Tokyo — Numazu Goyôtei (Imperial Villa of Numazu), Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 2006 Contemporary Clay: Japanese ceramics for the new century, Japan Society, New York 1 — Tôji: Avant-Garde et Tradition de la Cèramique Japonaise, — Musée national de cèramique Sèvres, France — Contemporary Clay: Japanese ceramics for the new century, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Chôtô 2003 Solo Show Wakô Gallery — Entered the Asahi Modern “Craft” Exhibition 2002 Exhibited at “Asia International Contemporary Ceramics” Taipei Ceramic Museum, Taiwan 2001 Solo show at Kôbe Daimaru in Hyôgo — Exhibited in “Ceramic in Japan” Exhibition at Daimaru Museum in Tokyo — Exhibited in “Mishima Exhibition” at Sano Art Museum in Shiga 2000 Solo show at Ginza Wakô (also in 2002, 2006) — Invited to show in “Ware for fragrance” at Toyota Fragrance Museum, Aichi 1998 Participated in ceramic exhibition at Ginza Wakô in Tokyo 1997 “Technique and Beauty “ Exhibition, Sano Art Museum in Shiga 1995 Rockefeller Exhibition at Mitsukoshi Museum in Shinjuku, Tokyo 1993 Exhibited in “Four Ceramic Artists” at Daimaru Art Gallery, Tokyo 1990 Exhibited at “Shizuoka Prefectural Art Exhibition II” at the Shizuoka Prefectural Art Museum 1987 Built Hidaka–yô kiln in Koganezaki (a town west of Izu city) Group Shows
    [Show full text]
  • Explore Shizuoka Explore the Spectacular Natural Environment, Authentic Japanese Culture, Unique History and Renowned Cuisine Of
    Explore the spectacular natural environment, authentic Japanese culture, unique history and renowned cuisine of the majestic home of Mount Fuji. Exploreshizuoka.com NATURAL BEAUTY, ON LAND AND SEA From the iconic Mount Fuji in the north to 500km of spectacular Pacific coastline in the south, Shizuoka is a region of outstanding natural beauty, with highlands, rivers and lakes giving way to the white sand beaches and volcanic landscapes of the Izu Peninsula. And all this just one hour from Tokyo by shinkansen (bullet train). Okuoikojo Station MOUNTAINS, FORESTS AND FALLS At 3,776m high, the majestic “Fuji-san” is Japan’s best-known symbol with shrines paying homage to the mountain and paintings illustrating its beauty. Designated a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 2013, the climbing season runs from July to early September. Shizuoka’s central area is dominated by deeply forested mountains that stand over 800 m in height, tea plantations and beautiful waterfalls, such as the Shiraito Falls which, along with the 25m Joren Falls on the Izu Peninsula, is ranked among the 100 most beautiful waterfalls in Japan. The Seven Waterfalls of Kawazu are surrounded by a thick forest of pines, cedars and bamboo with a walking path taking you to all seven in roughly one hour. For a unique and unforgettable experience, visitors can take the historic Oigawa steam railway to visit the beautiful “Dream Suspension Bridge” across the Sumatakyo Gorge. THE IZU PENINSULA Surrounded by ocean on three sides, the Izu Peninsula was designated a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2018. Twenty million years of shifting undersea volcanoes created its dramatic landscapes and natural hot springs.
    [Show full text]
  • By Municipality) (As of March 31, 2020)
    The fiber optic broadband service coverage rate in Japan as of March 2020 (by municipality) (As of March 31, 2020) Municipal Coverage rate of fiber optic Prefecture Municipality broadband service code for households (%) 11011 Hokkaido Chuo Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11029 Hokkaido Kita Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11037 Hokkaido Higashi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11045 Hokkaido Shiraishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11053 Hokkaido Toyohira Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11061 Hokkaido Minami Ward, Sapporo City 99.94 11070 Hokkaido Nishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11088 Hokkaido Atsubetsu Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11096 Hokkaido Teine Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11100 Hokkaido Kiyota Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 12025 Hokkaido Hakodate City 99.62 12033 Hokkaido Otaru City 100.00 12041 Hokkaido Asahikawa City 99.96 12050 Hokkaido Muroran City 100.00 12068 Hokkaido Kushiro City 99.31 12076 Hokkaido Obihiro City 99.47 12084 Hokkaido Kitami City 98.84 12092 Hokkaido Yubari City 90.24 12106 Hokkaido Iwamizawa City 93.24 12114 Hokkaido Abashiri City 97.29 12122 Hokkaido Rumoi City 97.57 12131 Hokkaido Tomakomai City 100.00 12149 Hokkaido Wakkanai City 99.99 12157 Hokkaido Bibai City 97.86 12165 Hokkaido Ashibetsu City 91.41 12173 Hokkaido Ebetsu City 100.00 12181 Hokkaido Akabira City 97.97 12190 Hokkaido Monbetsu City 94.60 12203 Hokkaido Shibetsu City 90.22 12211 Hokkaido Nayoro City 95.76 12220 Hokkaido Mikasa City 97.08 12238 Hokkaido Nemuro City 100.00 12246 Hokkaido Chitose City 99.32 12254 Hokkaido Takikawa City 100.00 12262 Hokkaido Sunagawa City 99.13
    [Show full text]
  • The Life of Animals in Japanese Art Jun 2–Aug 18, 2019
    UPDATED: 5/30/2019 3:04:02 PM Rotation Checklist: The Life of Animals in Japanese Art Jun 2–Aug 18, 2019 Works from rotation A are on view through July 7. Works will be rotated on a rolling basis during the week of July 8-12. Some works from rotation A will go off view and not be replaced with another work. Works from rotation B are on view following July 13. The exhibition is curated by Robert T. Singer, curator and department head, Japanese art, LACMA, and Masatomo Kawai, director, Chiba City Museum of Art, in consultation with a team of esteemed of Japanese art historians. Coorganized by the National Gallery of Art, Washington, the Japan Foundation, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, with special cooperation from the Tokyo National Museum. LACMA is presenting an abbreviated version of the exhibition, titled Every Living Thing: Animals in Japanese Art from September 22 through December 8, 2019. Made possible through the generous support of the E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Foundation. The Robert and Mercedes Eichholz Foundation also kindly provided a leadership gift for this exhibition. Additional funding is provided by The Exhibition Circle of the National Gallery of Art and the Annenberg Fund for the International Exchange of Art. Additional support is provided by All Nippon Airways (ANA). The exhibition is supported by an indemnity from the Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities. The exhibition is part of Japan 2019, an initiative to promote Japanese culture in the United States. Press Release: https://www.nga.gov/press/exh/4874.html Order Press Images: https://www.nga.gov/press/exh/4874/images.html Press Contact: Isabella Bulkeley, (202) 842-6864 or [email protected] 1 A Cat.
    [Show full text]
  • Koshinetsu and Shizuoka Soy Sauce Brewing Development of a Multipurpose Seasoning and Pickling Culture Nami Fukutome, Associate Professor, Tokyo Seiei College
    Soy Sauce in Koshinetsu and Shizuoka Koshinetsu and Shizuoka Soy Sauce Brewing Development of a Multipurpose Seasoning and Pickling Culture Nami Fukutome, Associate Professor, Tokyo Seiei College 1. Yamanashi Natives Love Dashi-tsuyu the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 when a large amount In Yamanashi Prefecture, following on the heels of five of Shinshu-produced miso that had been stockpiled at an major producers is a brewery that leads the regional unused sericulture (silkworm culture) farm was released industry as the top mid-size maker. Founded in 1872, as emergency supplies. With the decline of the sericulture the brewery recently introduced a machine for large- industry, many businesses switched to miso brewing, but were scale production of koji, allowing it not only to meet later consolidated into large-scale manufacturers. In contrast, its own needs but also supply other companies. It also the local soy sauce brewing industry is dotted with cottage introduced a bottling machine that can even fill liquids industry–style brewers handcrafting their moromi mash. like dressings that contain solids, and is invested in OEM A brewer from northern Nagano near the prefectural border manufacturing. Another defining feature of this soy sauce with Niigata, is in an area famous for Togakushi Soba. I brewery is its focus on tsuyu soup bases and tare sauces. learned that the correct way to eat this dish is to soak the In particular, the dashi-tsuyu launched by the brewery in noodles deep in the tsuyu, slurping the soup base and soba 1964 was a big hit, creating a boom alongside mentsuyu noodles together, unlike in Tokyo where noodles are barely (noodle soup base) and dashi shoyu (combined stock and dipped.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanical Engineering Letters Associate Editor SMM Masahiro ARAI
    Mechanical Engineering Letters Associate Editor SMM Masahiro ARAI (Nagoya University), Yoshinobu SHIMAMURA (Shizuoka University), Kenji HIROHATA (Toshiba Corp.), Dai OKUMURA (Osaka University), Kohji MINOSHIMA (Osaka University), Takahiro KUBO (Toshiba Corp.), Hiroshi NOGUCHI (Kyusyu University), Katsuyoshi KONDOH (Osaka University), Yukio MIYASHITA (Nagaoka University of Technology), Kazuhiro OGAWA (Tohoku University), Hiroki AKASAKA (Tokyo Institute of Technology), Yoshiaki AKINIWA (Yokohama National University), Wataru NAKAO (Yokohama National University), Msaatake OHMIYA (Keio University), Toru IKEDA (Kagoshima University), Tadahiro SHIBUTANI (Yokohama National University), Hironori TOMYOH (Tohoku University), Seiichi HATA (Nagoya University), Susume TAKAHASHI (Nihon University), Satoshi KOBAYASHI (Tokyo Metropolitan University), Junpei SAKURAI (Nagoya University), Satoshi YONEYAMA (Aoyama Gakuin University), Osamu KUWAZURU (Fukui University), Fumio NARITA (Tohoku University), Takenobu SAKAI (Ｓａｉｔａｍａ University), Atsushi HOSOI (Waseda Univeristy), Yoji OKABE (The Univeristy of Tokyo), Shiro BIWA (Kyoto University), Tetsuya MATSUDA (University of Tsukuba), Yuko AONO (Tokyo Institute of Technology), Ryo MATSUMOTO (Osaka University), Takayuki TOKOROYAMA (Nagoya University), Hiroyuki Kousaka (Gifu University), Tetsuhide SHIMIZU (Tokyo Metropolitan University), Kazuhiro SUGA (Kogakuin University) TEP Fumiteru AKAMATSU (Osaka University), Shoji TSUSHIMA (Osaka University), Hidenori KOSAKA (Tokyo Institute of Technology), Naoki SHIKAZONO
    [Show full text]
  • SHIZUOKA – Home of Mt. Fuji Delicious Seafood and Fish Products of SHIZUOKA
    SHIZUOKA – Home of Mt. Fuji Delicious Seafood and Fish products of SHIZUOKA 1 Shizuoka Located in the Center of Japan 138°E Sapporo○ S （ ） H Mt. FUJI 3776m Sendai ○ I Z ○Tokyo KyotoNagoya △ U Hiroshima ○ ○ 35°N ○ ○ Green tea, Melons Fukuoka Osaka O ○ SHIZUOKA Prefecture K A a Food & Agriculture s Fish(Tuna) Wasabi,Mandarin N O . 1 Industry(HQ) 2 • A varied coastline of 647 km and rich Area of marine resources brought in by the Japan Mt. Fuji Rainbow Current trout • Suruga Bay, which reaches a depth of Mt. Fuji 2,500 m, Japan’s deepest bay; Lake Numazu Dried fish, Yui deep-sea Hamana, where sea water and fresh Sakura fish Atami water mix; Izu Peninsula, full of rocky shrimps Dried fish shores and reefs; the Enshu-nada Coast, with vast sand dunes Shizuoka Tuna, young sardines, canned Yaizu seafood, Dried bonito, half- processed dried bonito, broth, food sauce, kamaboko, hanpen, eels, seared bonito slices, stewed Hamamatsu bonito, salted fish Eels, young guts Nishiizu sardines, lavers, Dried- Japanese salted littleneck clams, bonito puffer fish Higashiizu Dried fish, splendid alfonsinos 3 Positioning of the Fishing Industry in Shizuoka Prefecture 2013 Catch in major fishing ports in Japan Shizuoka Ranking Name of All Japan Prefecture in Japan Rank fishing Amount (million yen) Fisheries yield (2012) 225,934 (tons) 3 4,864,275 (tons) port Overall marine fisheries and fish 58.8 (million yen) 5 1,328.5 (million yen) 1 Fukuoka 43.9 farming (2012) Number of fishery operators (2008) 6,505 (persons) 11 221,908 (persons) 2 Yaizu 42.9 Volume of processed marine 171,232 (tons) 2 1,727,969 (tons) 3 Nagasaki 34.2 products (2012) 4 Nemuro 29.1 150 5 Choshi 27.0 129 (thousand tons) 100 50 26.7 22.6 20.9 19.8 19.7 17.3 15.8 15.3 15.0 0 北 長 静 三 青 宮 千 茨 鹿 愛 海 崎 岡 重 森 城 葉 城 児 媛 道 県 県 県 県 県 県 県 島 県 Chiba Mie Ibaraki Aomori Miyagi 県 Ehime Shizuoka Hokkaido Nagasaki Kagoshima Shizuoka Prefecture boasts the 3rd largest yield of all fisheries in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Method for Evaluating the Health Risk in Urban Pedestrian Space in Extremely Hot Summer Conditions Based on the Total Analysis of Mesoscale and Microscale Climates
    ICUC9 - 9th International Conference on Urban Climate jointly with 12th Symposium on the Urban Environment Method for evaluating the health risk in urban pedestrian space in extremely hot summer conditions based on the total analysis of mesoscale and microscale climates Saori Yumino1, Akashi Mochida1, Naohiro Hamada2, Susumu Ohno3 1 Tohoku University, #1206 6-6-11 Aoba Aramaki-Aza Aoba-ku Sendai, Japan, [email protected], [email protected] 2 Mitsubishi Jisho Sekkei Inc., 2-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan 3 Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba Aramaki-Aza Aoba-ku Sendai, Japan, [email protected] dated : 15 June 2015 1. Introduction Health hazards of extremely hot summer conditions (e.g., heatstroke) have increased rapidly in recent years with issues such as urban heat island and severe weather. In this study, the increase in the number of heatstroke patients caused by extremely hot summer conditions was regarded as a disaster, and a new evaluation method for outdoor thermal environment based on the concept of risk evaluation was developed. 2. Concept of risk evaluation method 2.1 Formulation of health hazard risk Commonly, a risk that the society is exposed to when it is struck by disaster is defined as follows. Risk = Magnitude of hazard × Intensity of influence on society = f(Hazard) (1) f : a function that expresses the relationship between hazard and risk. This study is focused on health hazards in extremely hot conditions. Therefore, the emergency transport ratio for heatstroke and the thermal index that indicates the severity of the thermal environment related to the occurrence of heatstroke were selected as variables to represent the risk and the hazard, respectively, and the emergency transport probability curve was used as a function to represent the relationship between the hazard and the risk in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Earthquake Disaster Prevention Guidebook
    Earthquake countermeasures document No.283-2014 Earthquake Disaster Prevention Guidebook BeBe PreparedPrepared Operating Closed Mondays, end-of-year holidays hours 9:00~16:00 (Dec. 28 – Jan. 4) Shizuoka Prefecture 5-9-1 Komagatadori, Aoi Ward, Shizuoka, 420-0042 Earthquake Disaster TEL. 054−251−7100 FAX. 054−251−7300 Prevention Center * Take care to enter the correct number. 備蓄食 2014.12 Unauthorized copying is prohibited. Printed using recycled paper. 備蓄食 Shizuoka Prefecture ガイドブック E.indd 1 15/01/14 16:36 Table of Contents 1 Learning from other earthquakes [Knowledge Section] 1) Previous Destructive Earthquakes Many earthquakes occur in Japan and its surrounding seas. 1. Learning from other earthquakes ............................................................................................ Great East Japan 1) Previous Destructive Earthquakes 1 Tsunami damage Great Kanto Earthquake Fire outbreak Earthquake ...................................................................................... 2) Magnitude (M) and Seismic Intensity 2 Dead: 15,885, missing: 2,632, 1923.9.1 M7.9 Dead and missing: 105,385. 2011.3.11 Mw9.0 injured: 6,148. (Current as of April 10, 2014) ............................................................... The damage caused by the earthquake was magnified by multiple fires that broke 2. Large-Scale Earthquake Prediction 3 The Great East Japan Earthquake was an inter-plate earthquake, like the out afterwards. Disaster was widespread, with over 370,000 households fully or Tokai earthquake expected to occur in the near future would be. At partially destroyed, burned, or washed away. A tsunami also struck Sagami Bay, 1) The Tokai Earthquake Theory .................................................................................................. 3 Mw9.0, it was the largest earthquake recorded in Japanese history. The with wave heights of 12m hitting Atami. earthquake resulted in a large-scale tsunami, which led to massive ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Causes of Death in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Causes of Death in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis: An Observational study Received: 30 August 2017 Eri Minamino-Muta1, Takao Kato1, Takeshi Morimoto2, Tomohiko Taniguchi1, Hiroki Shiomi1, Accepted: 25 October 2017 Kenji Nakatsuma1, Shinichi Shirai3, Kenji Ando3, Norio Kanamori4, Koichiro Murata5, Takeshi Published: xx xx xxxx Kitai6, Yuichi Kawase7, Makoto Miyake 8, Chisato Izumi8, Hirokazu Mitsuoka9, Masashi Kato10, Yutaka Hirano11, Shintaro Matsuda1, Kazuya Nagao12, Tsukasa Inada 12, Tomoyuki Murakami13, Yasuyo Takeuchi14, Keiichiro Yamane15, Mamoru Toyofuku16, Mitsuru Ishii17, Moriaki Inoko18, Tomoyuki Ikeda19, Akihiro Komasa1, Eiji Tada20, Katsuhisa Ishii20, Kozo Hotta21, Nobuya Higashitani22, Toshikazu Jinnai22, Yoshihiro Kato23, Yasutaka Inuzuka24, Chiyo Maeda25, Yuko Morikami26, Naritatsu Saito1, Ryuzo Sakata27, Kenji Minatoya28 & Takeshi Kimura1 Whether patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) die because of AS-related causes is an important issue for the management of these patients. We used data from CURRENT AS registry, a Japanese multicenter registry, to assess the causes of death in severe AS patients and to identify the factors associated with non-cardiac mortality. We enrolled 3815 consecutive patients with a median follow-up of 1176 days; the 1449 overall deaths comprised 802 (55.3%) from cardiac and 647 (44.7%) from non-cardiac causes. Heart failure (HF) (25.7%) and sudden death (13.0%) caused the most cardiac deaths, whereas infection (13.0%) and malignancy (11.1%) were the main non-cardiac causes. According to treatment strategies, infection was the most common cause of non-cardiac death, followed by malignancy, in both the initial aortic valve replacement (AVR) cohort (N = 1197), and the conservative management cohort (N = 2618).
    [Show full text]
  • Japan Exchange Brochure.Pdf
    Exchange Director: Les Eckstat, FF Denver / Email: [email protected] / Phone: 1-720-550-7233 Experience the history, culture, and scenery of Central Japan when you join Friendship Force Denver for a three-week exchange including two homestays and a private guided tour designed exclusively for FFD. Week 1: 7-night home stay with FF Shizuoka – Home of Mt. Fuji, about 110 miles south of Tokyo Week 2: 7-night guided tour of Central Japan including Kyoto, Kanazawa, Takayama, and Tokyo Week 3: 7-night home stay with FF Miyagi (Sendai), about 225 miles north of Tokyo Friendship Force Denver 2016 Exchange and Tour to Japan Revised 5/15/16 Page 1 SHIZUOKA - CAPITAL CITY OF SHIZUOKA PREFECTURE – HOME OF MT. FUJI FAST FACTS (from Wikipedia) Shizuoka is the 5th largest city in Japan in terms of geographic area with 545 square miles. It has an estimated population of 715,752. It is centrally located in Shizuoka Prefecture, about halfway between Tokyo and Nagoya, sandwiched between Suruga Bay to the south and the Minami Alps in the north. Shizuoka has a humid subtropical climate. It is wet even by Japanese standards, but it is paradoxically the sunniest of Japan's major cities. Average rainfall in October is 6.8 inches with an average of 17 rainy days. Average high and low temperatures in October are 73 and 58 degrees Fahrenheit, respectively. The area that is now the city of Shizuoka has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Shizuoka has a history of craft industries dating back over 400 years. Its model toy industry dates to the late 1920s, and the town is now internationally notable for its plastic scale model kits.
    [Show full text]